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A2 noun 10分钟阅读

comparação

例句 笔记与提示 comparação 30秒了解
解析 comparação in your Level:
At the A1 level, 'comparação' is a word you might encounter when learning about shopping or describing people. It's the big sister of the word 'como' (like). You use it to understand that you are looking at two things to see which is bigger, smaller, better, or worse. Think of it as the label for the 'Which one?' game. You might see it on a price tag or in a simple exercise comparing an apple to an orange. At this stage, you don't need to use it in complex sentences, but recognizing that it means 'comparison' helps you follow simple instructions in a classroom or a textbook.
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At the A2 level, you start using 'comparação' to express your opinions and make choices. You learn the phrase 'em comparação com' (in comparison with) to describe your daily life. For example, 'Em comparação com a minha cidade, Lisboa é grande.' You also learn that 'comparação' is a feminine noun, so you say 'uma comparação.' You begin to make basic comparisons between your culture and the Portuguese-speaking culture. This word helps you move beyond simple 'is' and 'is not' statements and allows you to describe the relationship between two different things in your world.
At the B1 level, you use 'comparação' to talk about more abstract ideas like feelings, work conditions, or movie plots. You can now engage in discussions where you 'fazer uma comparação' between two different points of view. You understand that comparisons can be subjective. You might use the word in a work meeting to compare this month's results with last month's. Your grammar becomes more precise, and you correctly use the plural 'comparações.' You also start to recognize that some comparisons are 'injustas' (unfair) or 'úteis' (useful), adding descriptive adjectives to the noun.
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At the B2 level, 'comparação' becomes a tool for analysis and debate. You can use it to talk about social trends, economic data, or literary themes. You are comfortable using it in formal writing, such as an essay or a business report. You understand the nuance of phrases like 'estabelecer uma comparação' or 'ponto de comparação.' You can participate in complex conversations about the 'comparação' between different political systems or educational models. You also start to use synonyms like 'paralelo' or 'analogia' to make your Portuguese sound more sophisticated and less repetitive.
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At the C1 level, you use 'comparação' with high precision in academic or professional contexts. You can discuss the 'termos de comparação' (terms of comparison) and identify when a comparison is logically flawed. You use the word to navigate subtle nuances in meaning, perhaps comparing the different connotations of two similar Portuguese verbs. You are aware of the cultural and historical weight of certain comparisons in Lusophone literature. Your use of 'comparação' is effortless, and you can switch between formal terms like 'cotejo' and informal expressions without hesitation, always choosing the right register for the situation.
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At the C2 level, 'comparação' is a concept you can deconstruct. You can engage in philosophical debates about the nature of comparison itself. You use it in highly specialized fields, such as law (direito comparado) or linguistics. You can write complex critiques where 'comparação' is the central methodology. You have a native-like grasp of idioms and proverbs involving comparison, and you can use them ironically or creatively. For you, 'comparação' is not just a vocabulary word; it's a versatile linguistic instrument that you use to articulate the finest distinctions in thought and expression.
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例句 笔记与提示

comparação 30秒了解

  • A feminine noun meaning 'comparison'.
  • Essential for expressing similarities and differences.
  • Commonly used with prepositions 'entre' and 'com'.
  • Plural form is 'comparações' (nasal ending).

The Portuguese word comparação is a feminine noun that translates directly to 'comparison' in English. At its core, it refers to the cognitive and linguistic act of examining two or more entities to identify similarities, differences, or relative values. In the Lusophone world, this isn't merely a mathematical or logical exercise; it is a fundamental part of daily communication, used to navigate everything from social status to the quality of a 'bica' (espresso) in different Lisbon neighborhoods. When you use the word comparação, you are signaling an analytical mindset, whether you are comparing the cost of living in São Paulo versus Porto, or the literary styles of Fernando Pessoa and Machado de Assis.

Daily Utility
In everyday life, Portuguese speakers use this word to justify choices. 'Não há comparação' (There is no comparison) is a common phrase used to emphasize that one option is vastly superior to another.
Abstract Application
Beyond physical objects, it applies to time periods, emotional states, and complex theories. You might hear a historian making a comparação between the Carnation Revolution and other democratic transitions.

A comparação entre os dois vinhos revelou notas muito diferentes de carvalho e fruta.

The word's versatility is evident in how it bridges informal gossip and formal academic discourse. In a scientific paper, a comparação might involve statistical variables and p-values. In a neighborhood market, it might involve the ripeness of papayas. Understanding this word requires recognizing its role as a connector. It is the bridge between 'A' and 'B'. Furthermore, the suffix '-ção' indicates an action or result, much like '-tion' in English, making it an easy cognate for English speakers to acquire, though the nasal pronunciation of the 'ão' remains a hallmark of authentic Portuguese phonology.

Não podemos fazer uma comparação justa sem todos os dados.

Culturally, Portuguese speakers often use comparisons to express modesty or to highlight excellence. The phrase 'sem comparação' (without comparison) is the ultimate compliment. If someone tells you your Portuguese is 'sem comparação,' they mean it is incomparably good. However, be careful with 'comparações odiosas'—a common saying suggesting that comparing people (especially children or artists) is often unfair and leads to resentment. This reflects a social nuance where individual merit is valued, yet the act of ranking can be seen as divisive.

Morphology
Derived from the verb 'comparar', the noun embodies the entire process of evaluation. It is always feminine (a comparação, as comparações).

Using comparação effectively requires understanding its collocations and the prepositions that typically follow it. The most common structure is comparação entre [A] e [B] (comparison between A and B). This is used when both subjects are presented as equals in the analysis. Alternatively, if you are comparing a new object to a known standard, you use comparação de [A] com [B]. For example, 'A comparação do novo modelo com o antigo' (The comparison of the new model with the old one).

Standard Structure
[Artigo] + comparação + [Preposição] + [Substantivo]. Exemplo: 'A comparação foi útil.'

Em comparação com o ano passado, as vendas cresceram dez por cento.

The phrase 'em comparação com' is an essential adverbial locution for any A2-level learner. It allows you to set a baseline. In business Portuguese, you will constantly hear 'em comparação com o trimestre anterior' (in comparison with the previous quarter). It serves as a sophisticated alternative to just using 'mais que' (more than) or 'menos que' (less than), providing a more formal and precise tone to your observations. When writing, remember that 'comparação' is a noun, so it cannot replace the verb 'comparar'. You 'fazer uma comparação' (make a comparison), you don't 'comparação' something.

Esta comparação é injusta porque as situações são muito diferentes.

In more advanced contexts (B2+), you might encounter the term in literary analysis, specifically regarding 'termos de comparação' (terms of comparison). This refers to the specific attributes being compared—weight, height, beauty, or complexity. If someone says, 'Faltam termos de comparação,' they mean that the two things are so different that there is no common ground to even begin an analysis. This is a powerful way to dismiss a logical fallacy or an inappropriate analogy in a debate. Similarly, 'ponto de comparação' (point of comparison) is used to establish a reference point.

Verbal Pairings
Common verbs used with this noun: Estabelecer (to establish), realizar (to perform), evitar (to avoid), solicitar (to request).

É difícil estabelecer uma comparação direta entre os dois sistemas políticos.

You will encounter comparação in a vast array of social and professional settings. In the realm of consumerism and shopping, it is ubiquitous. Brazilian and Portuguese consumers are very price-conscious, often using 'sites de comparação de preços' (price comparison websites) like Buscapé or KuantoKusta. When you walk into a store, a salesperson might say, 'Se fizer a comparação com a concorrência, verá que o nosso produto é superior' (If you make the comparison with the competition, you will see our product is superior).

In the Media
News reports frequently use 'comparação' when discussing inflation, sports statistics, or political polls. 'Em comparação com o mês passado, o desemprego caiu.'

O jornalista fez uma comparação detalhada entre os candidatos.

In Academic and Scientific settings, 'comparação' is a technical necessity. Researchers perform 'estudos de comparação' to test the efficacy of drugs or the impact of social policies. If you are studying in a Portuguese-speaking university, your professors will often ask you to 'elaborar uma comparação crítica' (elaborate a critical comparison) between two theories. This requires more than just listing differences; it involves analyzing the 'porquê' (the why) behind those differences. The word here carries the weight of intellectual rigor and methodological precision.

A comparação histórica ajuda-nos a entender o presente.

Finally, in Casual Conversations, 'comparação' often appears in the context of family and relationships. Parents might be cautioned: 'Não faça comparações entre os seus filhos' (Don't make comparisons between your children). This highlights the emotional sensitivity associated with the word. It's also common in sports debates—comparing Cristiano Ronaldo to Messi is a never-ending source of 'comparações' in any Portuguese café. In these contexts, the word is used to spark debate, express passion, and defend one's 'clube do coração' (beloved team).

Social Media
Influencers often do 'vídeos de comparação' (comparison videos) to show the 'antes e depois' (before and after) of a product or lifestyle change.

Qualquer comparação entre eles é pura especulação.

One of the most frequent errors English speakers make is confusing the noun comparação with the adjective comparativo. While 'comparative' can be a noun in English (e.g., 'the comparative of good is better'), in Portuguese, you almost always need the noun comparação for the act itself. For example, don't say 'O comparativo é difícil,' say 'A comparação é difícil.' Use comparativo only when referring to the grammatical degree (grau comparativo) or as an adjective (um estudo comparativo).

Preposition Pitfall
Using 'para' instead of 'com' or 'entre'. While 'comparar para' exists in specific contexts, the standard is 'comparação com'.

Errado: A comparação para o Brasil e Portugal... Correto: A comparação entre o Brasil e Portugal...

Another common mistake involves the gender of the word. Because it ends in '-ão', some beginners assume it might be masculine (like 'o pão' or 'o avião'). However, almost all Portuguese words ending in '-ção' (derived from Latin '-tio') are feminine. You must always use feminine articles and adjectives: 'uma boa comparação,' 'esta comparação,' 'as comparações.' Forgetting this will make your speech sound uncoordinated to a native speaker's ear.

Não aceite uma comparação superficial; procure os detalhes.

Lastly, learners often struggle with the plural form. The plural of 'comparação' is comparações. The '-ão' changes to '-ões'. This is a consistent rule for '-ção' words (like 'nação/nações', 'estação/estações'). Misforming the plural is a clear sign of an A1/A2 level; mastering it pushes you toward B1. Also, avoid overusing the word. In English, we might say 'By comparison...'. In Portuguese, while 'Por comparação' is correct, natives often simply use 'Já...' or 'Por outro lado...' to create the same effect without being overly repetitive.

False Friends
Don't confuse 'comparação' with 'compaixão' (compassion). They sound vaguely similar but have entirely different meanings!

As comparações feitas no relatório foram muito abrangentes.

To enrich your Portuguese vocabulary, it is helpful to know synonyms for comparação that carry slightly different nuances. While comparação is the general term, confronto (confrontation/comparison) is used when you are putting two things side-by-side to see which one 'wins' or to highlight a stark conflict. In a legal or highly formal context, you might hear cotejo. This is a very sophisticated word for a detailed, point-by-point comparison, often used in literary criticism or forensic analysis.

Synonym: Analogia
Used when the comparison is meant to explain a complex idea by relating it to something simpler. 'Fiz uma analogia entre o cérebro e um computador.'
Synonym: Paralelo
Used when drawing a historical or situational similarity. 'Traçar um paralelo entre duas épocas.'

O confronto de ideias é necessário para o progresso.

Another useful alternative is correlação (correlation), used specifically when two things change in relation to each other. In everyday speech, if you want to avoid the noun altogether, you can use the verb comparar or the phrase ao lado de (alongside). For example, 'Este carro, ao lado daquele, parece pequeno' (This car, alongside that one, looks small). This creates the effect of a comparison without using the formal noun. For identifying differences specifically, use distinção (distinction) or diferenciação (differentiation).

O autor estabelece um paralelo interessante entre a vida e o mar.

When you want to say something is 'beyond comparison,' you have several choices. Incomparável is the most direct adjective. You can also say something is sem igual (without equal) or único (unique). In Brazilian slang, you might hear não tem nem comparação to express that something is so much better that it's not even worth discussing the alternative. Mastering these synonyms allows you to tailor your level of formality and the specific 'vibe' of the comparison you are making, whether it's a cold statistical analysis or a passionate recommendation.

Formal Alternative
Equiparação: The act of making things equal or treating them as equals in a comparison.

O cotejo das provas foi fundamental para o veredito.

趣味小知识

The root 'par' is the same as in 'golf par' or 'parity', emphasizing the idea of finding equality.

发音指南

UK /kõ.pa.ɾa.ˈsɐ̃w̃/
US /kõ.pə.ɾə.ˈsɐ̃ʊ/
The stress is on the last syllable: 'ção'.
押韵词
nação estação coração ação canção razão visão decisão
常见错误
  • Pronouncing 'ção' like 'shun'.
  • Making the 'r' sound like an English 'r' instead of a tap.
  • Forgetting the nasalization on the 'o' of 'com'.
  • Pronouncing the 'm' in 'com' fully (it should just nasalize the vowel).
  • Stress on the first syllable.
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按水平分级的例句

1

A comparação de preços é importante.

The comparison of prices is important.

Simple noun usage with 'de'.

2

Faça uma comparação entre a maçã e a laranja.

Make a comparison between the apple and the orange.

Imperative verb 'faça' + 'uma comparação'.

3

Esta comparação é fácil.

This comparison is easy.

Feminine demonstrative 'esta' matches 'comparação'.

4

Não gosto de fazer comparação.

I don't like to make comparisons.

Negative structure 'não gosto de'.

5

A comparação ajuda a escolher.

Comparison helps to choose.

Subject of the sentence.

6

Onde está a comparação?

Where is the comparison?

Interrogative sentence.

7

Uma comparação pequena basta.

A small comparison is enough.

Adjective 'pequena' matches feminine noun.

8

Eu vejo a comparação.

I see the comparison.

Direct object.

1

Em comparação com ontem, hoje está calor.

In comparison with yesterday, today is hot.

Common phrase 'em comparação com'.

2

Minha casa é pequena em comparação com a sua.

My house is small in comparison with yours.

Using comparison for relative size.

3

Precisamos de uma comparação melhor.

We need a better comparison.

Adjective 'melhor' is invariable for gender.

4

A comparação dos resultados foi rápida.

The comparison of the results was fast.

Past tense 'foi'.

5

Você pode fazer a comparação?

Can you do the comparison?

Modal verb 'pode'.

6

Não há comparação entre estes dois carros.

There is no comparison between these two cars.

Idiomatic use meaning one is much better.

7

Eles fizeram uma comparação de custos.

They made a cost comparison.

Compound noun phrase.

8

A comparação é necessária para decidir.

Comparison is necessary to decide.

Infinitive 'decidir' as purpose.

1

A comparação entre as duas culturas é fascinante.

The comparison between the two cultures is fascinating.

Abstract noun usage.

2

Evite a comparação constante com os outros.

Avoid constant comparison with others.

Imperative 'evite' + adjective 'constante'.

3

Esta comparação não faz sentido neste contexto.

This comparison doesn't make sense in this context.

Idiom 'faz sentido'.

4

Quero ver a comparação detalhada dos dados.

I want to see the detailed comparison of the data.

Past participle 'detalhada' used as an adjective.

5

As comparações são úteis para o aprendizado.

Comparisons are useful for learning.

Plural form 'comparações'.

6

Sua comparação foi muito inteligente.

Your comparison was very intelligent.

Possessive 'sua' + adjective.

7

A comparação de preços revelou grandes diferenças.

The price comparison revealed big differences.

Verb 'revelou' in preterite.

8

Não podemos basear a decisão apenas nesta comparação.

We cannot base the decision only on this comparison.

Preposition 'em' + 'esta' = 'nesta'.

1

O autor utiliza a comparação como recurso estilístico.

The author uses comparison as a stylistic device.

Formal literary context.

2

Estabelecer uma comparação justa requer critérios claros.

Establishing a fair comparison requires clear criteria.

Infinitive subject phrase.

3

A comparação entre o PIB dos dois países é complexa.

The comparison between the GDP of the two countries is complex.

Technical vocabulary (PIB).

4

Por comparação, o novo sistema é muito mais eficiente.

By comparison, the new system is much more efficient.

Transition phrase 'Por comparação'.

5

A comparação de desempenho foi inconclusiva.

The performance comparison was inconclusive.

Formal adjective 'inconclusiva'.

6

Muitas vezes, a comparação é a ladra da alegria.

Often, comparison is the thief of joy.

Philosophical/proverbial usage.

7

Houve uma comparação rigorosa de todas as variáveis.

There was a rigorous comparison of all variables.

Use of 'Houve' (there was).

8

A comparação direta nem sempre é possível.

Direct comparison is not always possible.

Adverbial phrase 'nem sempre'.

1

A comparação analítica permitiu identificar padrões ocultos.

The analytical comparison allowed for the identification of hidden patterns.

High-level vocabulary 'analítica', 'padrões'.

2

Carecemos de termos de comparação para avaliar este fenômeno.

We lack terms of comparison to evaluate this phenomenon.

Formal verb 'carecer' + 'termos de comparação'.

3

A comparação intertextual enriquece a leitura da obra.

Intertextual comparison enriches the reading of the work.

Specialized literary term.

4

Fazer uma comparação anacrônica prejudica a análise histórica.

Making an anachronistic comparison harms historical analysis.

Sophisticated adjective 'anacrônica'.

5

A comparação entre os modelos estatísticos foi validada.

The comparison between the statistical models was validated.

Passive voice 'foi validada'.

6

Sob uma ótica de comparação, as semelhanças são superficiais.

From a comparative perspective, the similarities are superficial.

Complex prepositional phrase 'Sob uma ótica de'.

7

A comparação de metodologias revelou discrepâncias significativas.

The comparison of methodologies revealed significant discrepancies.

Academic register.

8

Esta comparação é meramente ilustrativa.

This comparison is merely illustrative.

Adverb 'meramente'.

1

A comparação ontológica entre o ser e o nada é central na obra.

The ontological comparison between being and nothingness is central to the work.

Philosophical terminology.

2

O estudo de direito comparado exige uma comparação exaustiva.

The study of comparative law requires an exhaustive comparison.

Professional legal context.

3

A comparação de paradigmas científicos alterou a nossa percepção.

The comparison of scientific paradigms changed our perception.

Abstract epistemological usage.

4

Qualquer tentativa de comparação seria um exercício de futilidade.

Any attempt at comparison would be an exercise in futility.

Conditional mood 'seria' + 'futilidade'.

5

A comparação das nuances semânticas é o foco da tese.

The comparison of semantic nuances is the focus of the thesis.

Linguistic specialization.

6

Estabelecer um nexo de comparação exige rigor epistemológico.

Establishing a link of comparison requires epistemological rigor.

Highly formal academic language.

7

A comparação diacrônica da língua revela a sua evolução.

The diachronic comparison of the language reveals its evolution.

Linguistic term 'diacrônica'.

8

A comparação é o motor da dialética hegeliana.

Comparison is the motor of Hegelian dialectics.

Philosophical reference.

常见搭配

Fazer uma comparação
Em comparação com
Sem comparação
Ponto de comparação
Termos de comparação
Comparação direta
Comparação de preços
Base de comparação
Estabelecer uma comparação
Comparação justa

常用短语

Não tem comparação

— Used when something is so much better it cannot be compared.

A vista daqui não tem comparação.

Para efeitos de comparação

— Used to introduce a fact only meant to provide context.

Para efeitos de comparação, veja estes números.

Qualquer comparação é...

— Used to dismiss an attempt to compare two things.

Qualquer comparação é inútil agora.

Uma breve comparação

— A quick look at similarities and differences.

Faremos uma breve comparação.

Comparação odiosa

— A comparison that causes offense or resentment.

Evite essa comparação odiosa entre irmãos.

Por comparação

— In a comparative manner.

Por comparação, ele é mais calmo.

Falta de comparação

— The state of having no reference point.

A falta de comparação dificulta o preço.

A título de comparação

— For the sake of comparison.

A título de comparação, o ano passado foi pior.

Critérios de comparação

— The rules used to compare things.

Quais são os seus critérios de comparação?

Comparação visual

— Comparing based on what is seen.

A comparação visual é óbvia.

习语与表达

"Comparações são odiosas"

— Comparing people or things often leads to trouble or unfairness.

Não me compare a ele; comparações são odiosas.

Proverbial
"Não chegar aos calcanhares"

— To not even come close in a comparison.

Esse filme não chega aos calcanhares do original.

Informal
"Dar dez a zero"

— To be incomparably better than something else.

O meu time dá dez a zero no seu.

Slang/Informal
"Pôr no chinelo"

— To outperform something so much it's no longer comparable.

A festa dela pôs a minha no chinelo.

Informal (Brazil)
"Ser farinha do mesmo saco"

— To be so similar that no comparison is needed (negative).

Esses políticos são farinha do mesmo saco.

Informal
"À beira de"

— By the side of (often used for comparison).

À beira dele, eu sou baixo.

Neutral
"Pau para toda obra"

— Incomparably useful in any situation.

Ele é um funcionário pau para toda obra.

Informal
"Água para o vinho"

— Used to compare a massive change (from bad to good).

A vida dele mudou da água para o vinho.

Idiomatic
"Ouro sobre azul"

— An incomparably perfect situation.

Essa proposta é ouro sobre azul.

Informal (Portugal)
"Bicho de sete cabeças"

— Incomparably difficult (often used to say it's NOT that hard).

Aprender português não é um bicho de sete cabeças.

Informal

词族

名词

comparador (comparator)
comparabilidade (comparability)

动词

comparar (to compare)

形容词

comparável (comparable)
comparativo (comparative)
incomparável (incomparable)

相关

cotejo
paralelo
analogia
confronto
relação
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记住它

记忆技巧

Think of 'Compare' + 'Action'. The '-ção' suffix always means the action of the verb.

视觉联想

Imagine a giant balance scale with an apple on one side and a orange on the other.

Word Web

Comparar Comparação Comparativo Comparável Incomparável Cotejo Diferença Igualdade

挑战

Try to find 3 things in your room and make a 'comparação' between them in Portuguese.

词源

From the Latin 'comparatio', which stems from 'comparare'.

原始含义： The act of coupling or pairing (com- 'together' + par 'equal').

Romance (Latin root).

文化背景

In Portugal and Brazil, social comparison is a frequent topic in media, often focusing on how the country compares to its neighbors or global powers. Brazilians, in particular, often use 'comparação' when discussing the 'Custo Brasil' (the cost of doing business in Brazil) compared to other nations. In Portugal, comparisons with the 'Golden Age' of discoveries are common in literature and national identity discussions. Culturally, there is a strong proverb culture that uses comparisons to teach moral lessons.

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