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C1 noun 9分钟阅读

заблуждение

例句 заблуждение 30秒了解
解析 заблуждение in your Level:
At the A1 level, 'заблуждение' is a very difficult word. Beginners usually learn the word 'ошибка' (mistake) first. Think of 'заблуждение' as a 'big mistake' in your head. It is when you think something is true, but it is not. For example, if you think Moscow is in China, that is a 'заблуждение'. You won't use this word often when you start, but you might hear it in movies when someone says 'You are wrong!' in a very formal way. It is a long word, so practice saying it slowly: za-blu-zhde-ni-ye. Just remember: 'ошибка' is for small things like spelling, 'заблуждение' is for big ideas that are wrong.
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At the A2 level, you can start to understand the difference between 'ошибка' and 'заблуждение'. A 'заблуждение' is a misconception. You might use it when talking about common myths, like 'It's a misconception that cats hate water.' You will mostly see this word in the phrase 'ввести в заблуждение', which means 'to trick' or 'to mislead'. For example, 'The advertisement misled me.' (Реклама ввела меня в заблуждение). It is a neuter noun, so it behaves like 'здание' or 'упражнение'. Knowing this word helps you sound more serious and educated when you disagree with someone's opinion.
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At the B1 level, you should be able to use 'заблуждение' in discussions about news, history, or science. You can describe things as 'популярное заблуждение' (popular misconception) or 'глубокое заблуждение' (deep misconception). You should also learn the verb 'заблуждаться' (to be mistaken). For example, 'Я думаю, вы заблуждаетесь' (I think you are mistaken). This is a polite way to say someone is wrong. At this level, you start to see the word in books and more complex articles. It's important to notice that it often appears in the prepositional case: 'быть в заблуждении' (to be in a state of misconception).
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At the B2 level, you are expected to use 'заблуждение' naturally in formal writing and debates. You should understand its legal and philosophical nuances. For instance, you might write about 'массовое заблуждение' (mass delusion) in an essay about social media. You should also be comfortable with the phrase 'вводить в заблуждение' in various tenses and moods. You can distinguish between an 'ошибка' (a simple error) and a 'заблуждение' (a flawed belief system). You will also encounter this word in literature, where it often refers to a character's internal struggle with their own false views of the world.
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At the C1 level, 'заблуждение' is a key tool for nuanced expression. You should be able to use it to discuss complex topics like 'научные заблуждения прошлого' (scientific fallacies of the past) or 'когнитивные заблуждения' (cognitive biases). You understand the etymological link to 'блуждать' (to wander) and can use this metaphor in your speech. You know how to use the word in legal contexts ('введение в заблуждение относительно природы сделки') and in academic critiques. You can also use synonyms like 'предрассудок', 'иллюзия', or 'самообман' to precisely define the type of error you are describing.
At the C2 level, you possess a native-like grasp of 'заблуждение'. You can use it with subtle irony or within complex philosophical arguments. You are familiar with historical and literary 'заблуждения' in Russian culture, such as those discussed by Dostoevsky or Tolstoy. You can effortlessly switch between the noun and the verb 'заблуждаться', and you use collocations like 'рассеять заблуждение' (to dispel a misconception) with ease. You understand the word's place in the 'high style' of Russian and can use it to add gravitas to your rhetoric. Your usage is indistinguishable from a highly educated native speaker.
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例句

заблуждение 30秒了解

  • A formal noun meaning 'misconception' or 'delusion', often used in intellectual, legal, or scientific contexts to describe deeply held false beliefs.
  • Derived from the root meaning 'to wander', it implies losing one's way from the truth rather than just making a simple slip.
  • Most commonly used in phrases like 'ввести в заблуждение' (to mislead) or 'находиться в заблуждении' (to be mistaken).
  • Essential for C1 learners to distinguish between accidental errors (ошибки) and systemic misconceptions (заблуждения) in formal Russian discourse.

The Russian word заблуждение is a sophisticated noun that translates primarily as 'misconception,' 'delusion,' or 'fallacy.' At its core, it describes a state of mind where an individual holds a belief that does not correspond to reality. Unlike a simple mistake (ошибка), which might be a momentary lapse in judgment or a calculation error, a заблуждение often implies a deeper, more systemic error in reasoning or a long-held false conviction. It is a word frequently encountered in philosophical, legal, scientific, and academic contexts, but it also finds its way into everyday speech when discussing common myths or personal misunderstandings.

Cognitive Context
In psychology, this word refers to cognitive biases or internal frameworks that lead a person away from the truth. It isn't necessarily malicious; one can be in a state of 'honest delusion' (добросовестное заблуждение).
Legal Context
In Russian law, 'введение в заблуждение' (misleading someone) is a critical concept. If a contract was signed because one party was misled, it can be declared void. This implies that the person's perception of the facts was fundamentally flawed.

Мнение о том, что страусы прячут голову в песок — это распространённое заблуждение.

Translation: The opinion that ostriches hide their heads in the sand is a common misconception.

To understand the nuance, one must look at the root: -блуд-, which relates to wandering or losing one's way (блуждать). Thus, being in a state of заблуждение is metaphorically like being lost in a forest of incorrect thoughts. It suggests a path taken that led away from the 'light' of truth. In historical contexts, scientists often look back at old theories—like the geocentric model of the universe—and categorize them as 'научные заблуждения' (scientific fallacies). These weren't lies; they were sincere but incorrect interpretations of available data.

Его вера в её искренность была лишь глубоким заблуждением.

Translation: His belief in her sincerity was merely a deep delusion.

In modern discourse, you will hear this word used to debunk myths. Fact-checkers often start their articles by identifying a 'популярное заблуждение' (popular misconception). It carries a slightly more formal and intellectual weight than the word 'ошибка'. While you might make an 'ошибка' in a math problem, you hold a 'заблуждение' about how the economy works. It is the difference between a slip of the pen and a flaw in the philosophy. When you use this word, you are signaling that the error is substantial and concerns the nature of reality or truth itself.

Using заблуждение correctly requires understanding its common grammatical pairings. It is most frequently used with the preposition 'в' in the phrase 'ввести в заблуждение' (to mislead) or with verbs like 'находиться' (to be/remain in) or 'рассеять' (to dispel). Because it is a neuter noun ending in -ие, it follows the standard declension pattern for such nouns, which is essential for C1 learners to master.

The 'Action' Pattern
Verb + 'в' + Accusative: ввести кого-то в заблуждение. This is the most common way to say someone was misled. Note that 'заблуждение' stays in the accusative case here, which looks like the nominative.
The 'State' Pattern
Prepositional Case: находиться в заблуждении. This describes the state of being mistaken. Here, the ending changes to -ии.

Адвокат пытался ввести суд в заблуждение, предоставляя ложные улики.

Translation: The lawyer tried to mislead the court by providing false evidence.

When describing the nature of the misconception, we use adjectives. Common pairings include глубокое (deep), трагическое (tragic), опасное (dangerous), or массовое (mass/collective). For example, 'массовое заблуждение' is often used to describe social phenomena where a whole group of people believes something false, such as a conspiracy theory or a historical myth.

Многие люди пребывают в заблуждении относительно своих истинных прав.

Translation: Many people remain in a state of misconception regarding their true rights.

Finally, consider the verb 'развеять' (to dispel/scatter). This is the perfective verb used when someone finally realizes the truth. 'Правда наконец развеяла его заблуждения' (The truth finally dispelled his misconceptions). This creates a powerful image of clouds or fog being cleared away, returning to the 'wandering' root of the word. Use this in formal writing or high-level storytelling to add a layer of literary elegance to your Russian.

In the modern Russian linguistic landscape, заблуждение is a staple of intellectual and public discourse. You will rarely hear it in a casual playground setting or while buying groceries, but it is omnipresent in news broadcasts, documentaries, legal proceedings, and academic lectures. It is the word of choice for anyone attempting to correct a complex error or analyze a societal trend.

In Modern Media
On YouTube channels dedicated to science or history (like 'Utopian Show' or 'Arzamas'), the word appears constantly in titles like '5 заблуждений о Средневековье' (5 misconceptions about the Middle Ages). It sounds authoritative and objective.
In the Courtroom
Lawyers use the phrase 'существенное заблуждение' (material mistake/misconception) to argue that a client didn't understand what they were agreeing to. It is a technical term that can change the outcome of a case.

«Ваше утверждение — это опасное заблуждение, которое может стоить нам репутации».

Translation: 'Your assertion is a dangerous misconception that could cost us our reputation.'

In literature, from the classics of Tolstoy to modern psychological thrillers, characters often struggle with their internal 'заблуждения'. It is used to describe a character's journey from ignorance to self-awareness. For instance, in 'War and Peace', Pierre Bezukhov’s entire character arc is a series of 'заблуждений' about what constitutes a meaningful life. When a character realizes they were wrong about someone's character, they might say: 'Я был в глубоком заблуждении на ваш счёт' (I was deeply mistaken about you).

«Не вводите людей в заблуждение своими догадками!»

Translation: 'Don't mislead people with your guesses!'

Finally, in political debate, the word is used as a polite but firm way to call an opponent's argument false without calling them a liar. Saying 'Вы лжёте' (You are lying) is an aggressive personal attack. Saying 'Вы находитесь в заблуждении' (You are in a state of misconception) shifts the blame to the logic or the information source, making it a more 'civilized' way to disagree in formal settings.

Even advanced learners often stumble when using заблуждение because of its specific collocations and the subtle difference between it and other 'error' words. The most frequent mistake is substituting it for 'ошибка' (mistake) in contexts where 'ошибка' is too simple, or vice versa. Understanding the gravity and the duration of the error is key.

Mistake #1: Confusing with 'Ошибка'
You cannot say 'грамматическое заблуждение' for a grammar mistake. That would imply a philosophical belief in the wrong grammar. Use 'грамматическая ошибка'. Use 'заблуждение' for beliefs, not slips.
Mistake #2: Preposition Errors
Learners often say 'в заблуждении' with verbs of motion. It should be 'ввести в заблуждение' (into) but 'находиться в заблуждении' (in - prepositional case). Pay attention to the ending: -ие vs -ии.

❌ Я сделал заблуждение в тесте.
✅ Я сделал ошибку в тесте.

Correction: You 'make' an ошибка, but you 'fall into' or 'are in' a заблуждение.

Another nuance is the difference between 'заблуждение' and 'ложь' (lie). A 'заблуждение' is often sincere. If you call someone's sincere but wrong belief a 'lie', you are questioning their integrity. If you call it a 'заблуждение', you are questioning their information or logic. Using the wrong word here can cause unintended offense in social situations.

❌ Это моё личное обман.
✅ Это моё личное заблуждение.

Correction: 'Обман' is something done TO you by someone else. 'Заблуждение' can be your own internal state.

Finally, remember that 'заблуждение' is a noun. Sometimes learners try to use it as a verb. While there is a verb 'заблуждаться' (to be mistaken), the noun is often more common in formal writing. Ensure you are using the correct part of speech. 'Он заблуждается' (He is mistaken) vs 'Это его заблуждение' (This is his misconception). Both are correct, but the noun form allows for more descriptive adjectives.

Russian has a rich vocabulary for 'wrongness'. Choosing the right synonym for заблуждение depends on whether you want to emphasize the lack of truth, the psychological state, or the social impact of the error. Here is how to navigate the alternatives.

Заблуждение vs. Ошибка
'Ошибка' is broad. It covers a typo, a wrong turn, or a bad decision. 'Заблуждение' is deep. It is a persistent false belief. You can fix an 'ошибка' in a second; you might live with a 'заблуждение' for a lifetime.
Заблуждение vs. Иллюзия
An 'иллюзия' (illusion) is often more visual or emotional. It suggests a dream-like state or a hopeful but false expectation. 'Заблуждение' sounds more intellectual and logical.
Заблуждение vs. Миф
A 'миф' (myth) is a collective 'заблуждение'. While a 'заблуждение' can be personal, a 'миф' is usually shared by a culture or society (e.g., historical myths).

«Это не просто ошибка, это фундаментальное заблуждение всей нашей науки».

Comparison: This shows how 'заблуждение' is used to escalate the severity of the error.

In more informal or slightly different contexts, you might use 'оплошность' (a blunder or oversight) or 'ересь' (heresy—used metaphorically for something wildly wrong). However, 'заблуждение' remains the most versatile word for 'misconception'. In legal text, you might see 'искажение фактов' (distortion of facts), which is a more clinical way of describing the act of leading someone into a 'заблуждение'.

«Его вера в привидений — это всего лишь детское суеверие, а не научное заблуждение».

Comparison: Distinguishing between a superstition and an intellectual misconception.

When writing, try to match the word to the 'flavor' of the error. If it's a logical flaw, use 'софизм' (sophism). If it's a self-deception, use 'самообман'. But if you are unsure, 'заблуждение' is almost always the safest and most professional choice for any deeply held incorrect belief.

发音指南

UK /zəblʊˈʐdʲenʲɪje/
US /zəbluˈʒdʲenʲɪje/
заблуждéние (stress on the third 'e' syllable is wrong; it's on the 'u' in 'bluzh'). Wait, let's correct: за-блу-ждé-ни-е. The stress is on the 'e' in 'den'.
押韵词
видение (vision) суждение (judgment) убеждение (conviction) поведение (behavior) наслаждение (pleasure) рождение (birth)
常见错误
  • Stressing the 'u' (заблУждение) - incorrect.
  • Pronouncing the final 'e' too weakly.
  • Mixing up the 'zh' (ж) sound with 'z' (з).
  • Failing to soften the 'd' (д) before 'e'.
  • Saying 'zabluzhdeniye' with a hard 'n' instead of soft 'n'.
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按水平分级的例句

1

Это большая ошибка или заблуждение?

Is this a big mistake or a misconception?

Nominative case, neuter noun.

2

Я думаю, это просто заблуждение.

I think it's just a misconception.

Simple subject-predicate structure.

3

Твоё заблуждение очень странное.

Your misconception is very strange.

Possessive pronoun 'твоё' agrees with neuter noun.

4

Это не правда, это заблуждение.

It's not the truth, it's a misconception.

Contrast between 'правда' and 'заблуждение'.

5

У меня было маленькое заблуждение.

I had a small misconception.

Genitive construction for possession 'у меня было'.

6

Это частое заблуждение детей.

This is a frequent misconception of children.

Adjective 'частое' agrees with neuter noun.

7

Где здесь заблуждение?

Where is the misconception here?

Interrogative sentence.

8

Заблуждение — это плохо.

Misconception is bad.

Simple definition style.

1

Реклама часто вводит нас в заблуждение.

Advertising often misleads us.

Phrase 'вводить в заблуждение' with accusative.

2

Это типичное заблуждение о России.

This is a typical misconception about Russia.

Preposition 'о' + prepositional case.

3

Он был в заблуждении весь день.

He was in a state of misconception all day.

Prepositional case 'в заблуждении'.

4

Мы должны исправить это заблуждение.

We must correct this misconception.

Infinitive 'исправить' + accusative.

5

Её слова ввели меня в заблуждение.

Her words misled me.

Past tense 'ввели'.

6

Это заблуждение может быть опасным.

This misconception can be dangerous.

Modal verb 'может быть'.

7

Я не хочу быть в заблуждении.

I don't want to be in a state of misconception.

Negative 'не хочу'.

8

Расскажите мне об этом заблуждении.

Tell me about this misconception.

Imperative 'расскажите'.

1

Существует популярное заблуждение, что кофе вреден.

There is a popular misconception that coffee is harmful.

Complex sentence with 'что'.

2

Его глубокое заблуждение мешало ему работать.

His deep misconception hindered his work.

Dative case for the person affected (ему).

3

Многие исторические факты оказались заблуждениями.

Many historical facts turned out to be misconceptions.

Instrumental case 'заблуждениями' after 'оказались'.

4

Вы находитесь в плену собственных заблуждений.

You are a prisoner of your own misconceptions.

Metaphorical phrase 'в плену'.

5

Книга помогла мне рассеять мои заблуждения.

The book helped me dispel my misconceptions.

Verb 'рассеять' (perfective).

6

Не стоит вводить коллег в заблуждение.

It's not worth misleading your colleagues.

Construction 'не стоит' + infinitive.

7

Это заблуждение возникло из-за нехватки информации.

This misconception arose due to a lack of information.

Preposition 'из-за' + genitive.

8

Учёные доказали, что это было заблуждение.

Scientists proved that it was a misconception.

Past tense neuter 'было'.

1

Статья развенчивает массовое заблуждение о диетах.

The article debunks a mass misconception about diets.

Verb 'развенчивать' (to debunk).

2

Пребывать в заблуждении относительно будущего — это риск.

To remain in a state of misconception about the future is a risk.

Infinitive as subject.

3

Она осознала своё заблуждение только спустя годы.

She realized her misconception only years later.

Accusative object 'своё заблуждение'.

4

Ваше утверждение основано на ложном заблуждении.

Your assertion is based on a false misconception.

Passive participle 'основано'.

5

Суд признал, что истец был введён в заблуждение.

The court recognized that the plaintiff had been misled.

Passive voice 'был введён'.

6

Это заблуждение кочует из одной книги в другую.

This misconception migrates from one book to another.

Metaphorical verb 'кочевать'.

7

Избежать подобных заблуждений поможет критическое мышление.

Critical thinking will help avoid such misconceptions.

Genitive plural 'заблуждений' after 'избежать'.

8

Его политические взгляды — сплошное заблуждение.

His political views are an absolute misconception.

Emphatic adjective 'сплошное'.

1

Трагическое заблуждение героя привело к катастрофе.

The hero's tragic delusion led to a catastrophe.

Adjective 'трагическое' adds emotional weight.

2

Мы часто становимся жертвами когнитивных заблуждений.

We often become victims of cognitive biases/delusions.

Instrumental plural 'заблуждениями'.

3

Рассеять это вековое заблуждение было непросто.

It was not easy to dispel this centuries-old misconception.

Adjective 'вековое' (age-old).

4

Введение в заблуждение потребителей карается законом.

Misleading consumers is punishable by law.

Verbal noun 'введение' used formally.

5

Это заблуждение глубоко укоренилось в общественном сознании.

This misconception is deeply rooted in the public consciousness.

Verb 'укорениться' (to take root).

6

Философ посвятил жизнь борьбе с человеческими заблуждениями.

The philosopher dedicated his life to fighting human delusions.

Dative plural after 'борьбе с'.

7

Искреннее заблуждение не освобождает от ответственности.

Sincere misconception does not exempt one from responsibility.

Legal maxim style.

8

Он упорствовал в своём заблуждении, несмотря на факты.

He persisted in his misconception despite the facts.

Verb 'упорствовать в' + prepositional.

1

Вся его концепция — не что иное, как блестящее заблуждение.

His entire concept is nothing other than a brilliant fallacy.

Idiomatic 'не что иное, как'.

2

Поразительно, как долго это заблуждение владело умами людей.

It is striking how long this misconception held sway over people's minds.

Phrase 'владеть умами' (to hold sway over minds).

3

Автор виртуозно вводит читателя в заблуждение, скрывая истинные мотивы героя.

The author masterfully misleads the reader, hiding the hero's true motives.

Adverb 'виртуозно' (masterfully).

4

Это заблуждение — лишь побочный продукт нашей эволюции.

This misconception is merely a byproduct of our evolution.

Term 'побочный продукт' (byproduct).

5

Опровержение этого заблуждения стало поворотным моментом в науке.

The refutation of this misconception became a turning point in science.

Noun 'опровержение' (refutation).

6

Мы пребываем в сладостном заблуждении, считая себя венцом творения.

We dwell in a sweet delusion, considering ourselves the pinnacle of creation.

Literary adjective 'сладостное' (sweet/blissful).

7

Заблуждение, возведённое в ранг истины, становится догмой.

A misconception elevated to the rank of truth becomes a dogma.

Participle phrase 'возведённое в ранг'.

8

Его мемуары полны самооправданий и сознательных заблуждений.

His memoirs are full of self-justifications and conscious delusions.

Genitive plural 'заблуждений' after 'полны'.

常见搭配

Ввести в заблуждение
Глубокое заблуждение
Распространённое заблуждение
Находиться в заблуждении
Рассеять заблуждение
Трагическое заблуждение
Массовое заблуждение
Опасное заблуждение
Впасть в заблуждение
Избавиться от заблуждений

常用短语

Вводить в заблуждение

— To intentionally or unintentionally cause someone to believe something false.

Реклама не должна вводить потребителей в заблуждение.

Добросовестное заблуждение

— An honest mistake; a misconception held in good faith without intent to deceive.

Суд учел, что это было добросовестное заблуждение.

Быть в плену заблуждений

— To be unable to see the truth because of one's deeply held false beliefs.

Он всё ещё находится в плену своих юношеских заблуждений.

Развенчать заблуждение

— To prove that a popular belief is false; to debunk a myth.

Ученые развенчали заблуждение о вреде глютена.

Жертва заблуждения

— Someone who has suffered because they believed something false.

Он стал жертвой собственного заблуждения.

Освободиться от заблуждений

— To finally realize the truth and move past false ideas.

Путешествие помогло ему освободиться от многих заблуждений.

Когнитивное заблуждение

— A psychological bias that leads to incorrect thinking.

Это типичное когнитивное заблуждение нашего мозга.

Оставаться в заблуждении

— To continue believing something false despite evidence.

Она предпочла оставаться в заблуждении.

Ввести суд в заблуждение

— To lie or present false facts in a legal setting.

Свидетеля обвинили в попытке ввести суд в заблуждение.

Источник заблуждения

— The origin or cause of a false belief.

Плохой перевод стал основным источником заблуждения.

习语与表达

"Вводить в заблуждение"

— The standard way to say 'to mislead' or 'to deceive'.

Не вводите меня в заблуждение своими обещаниями.

Neutral/Formal
"Блуждать в потемках"

— Literally 'to wander in the dark', meaning to be in a state of deep misconception or ignorance.

Без науки мы бы до сих пор блуждали в потемках.

Literary
"Принимать желаемое за действительное"

— Wishful thinking; a specific type of delusion where you believe what you want to be true.

Твоя вера в его успех — это принятие желаемого за действительное.

Neutral
"Строить воздушные замки"

— To build castles in the air; to be under the delusion of unrealistic dreams.

Хватит строить воздушные замки и посмотри на факты.

Informal
"Снять розовые очки"

— To take off rose-colored glasses; to stop being in a state of happy delusion.

Ей пора снять розовые очки и увидеть реальность.

Informal
"Заблудиться в трёх соснах"

— To get lost in three pines; to be confused by something very simple.

Он заблудился в трёх соснах и не понял простую инструкцию.

Informal
"Пойти по ложному следу"

— To follow a false trail; to be misled by incorrect clues.

Следствие пошло по ложному следу из-за заблуждения свидетеля.

Neutral
"Пускать пыль в глаза"

— To throw dust in someone's eyes; to intentionally mislead someone about one's status or wealth.

Он просто пускает тебе пыль в глаза своим дорогим костюмом.

Informal
"Сбиться с пути истинного"

— To stray from the true path; to fall into moral or intellectual delusion.

Старые друзья помогли ему не сбиться с пути истинного.

Literary/Religious
"Витать в облаках"

— To have one's head in the clouds; to be in a state of delusion regarding reality.

Он вечно витает в облаках и не замечает проблем.

Informal
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