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A1 pronoun 2分钟阅读

din

开始练习 笔记与提示

§ What 'din' means

Definition
'Din' is a Swedish possessive pronoun meaning 'your'. It's used when the noun it refers to is a 'common' gender noun (en-word) and singular. For 'neuter' gender nouns (ett-words), you use 'ditt'. For plural nouns, you use 'dina'. We'll focus on 'din' here.

§ 'Din' at Work

In a work setting, 'din' is very common. You'll hear it when people are referring to someone's personal belongings, tasks, or even their computer. It's a straightforward way to assign possession.

Är det här din kopp?

Translation hint: 'kopp' means 'cup' (en-word).

Var är din dator?

Translation hint: 'dator' means 'computer' (en-word).

Har du sett din kollega?

Translation hint: 'kollega' means 'colleague' (en-word).

§ 'Din' at School

In a school or university setting, 'din' is equally common. Teachers might ask students about their books, pens, or homework. Students might ask each other about their schedules or notes.

Har du gjort din läxa?

Translation hint: 'läxa' means 'homework' (en-word).

Är det här din bok?

Translation hint: 'bok' means 'book' (en-word).

Vad är din åsikt?

Translation hint: 'åsikt' means 'opinion' (en-word).

§ 'Din' in the News and Media

While less frequent than in direct conversation, 'din' can appear in news headlines or articles, especially in more informal pieces or interviews where someone's direct quote is used. You might see it in advice columns or opinion pieces.

"Vad är din reaktion?"

Translation hint: 'reaktion' means 'reaction' (en-word). This could be a quote from an interview.

"Skydda din hälsa."

Translation hint: 'hälsa' means 'health' (en-word). This could be a public service announcement.

§ Key Takeaways for 'din'

  • 'Din' means 'your' for singular 'en-words'.

  • It always comes before the noun.

  • Pay attention to noun gender to choose between 'din', 'ditt', or 'dina'.

趣味小知识

The word 'din' in Swedish is a direct descendant of the Old Norse word 'þinn', which also meant 'your'. This highlights the close linguistic ties between Swedish and its Old Norse roots, a common theme in Germanic languages. Many everyday Swedish words have clear parallels in Old Norse, making the language relatively consistent over centuries in its core vocabulary.

常见搭配

din bok your book
din bil your car
din vän your friend
din mamma your mom
din pappa your dad
din katt your cat
din hund your dog
din jacka your jacket
din telefon your phone
din väska your bag

常用短语

Var är din bok?

Where is your book?

Vad är din åsikt?

What is your opinion?

Det är din tur.

It is your turn.

Kan jag låna din penna?

Can I borrow your pen?

Jag gillar din nya frisyr.

I like your new haircut.

Vad heter din vän?

What is your friend's name?

Har du din plånbok?

Do you have your wallet?

Jag hittade din nyckel.

I found your key.

Din idé är bra.

Your idea is good.

Var snäll och hämta din kopp.

Please fetch your cup.

容易混淆的词

din vs Era

This is the plural form of 'your' (referring to multiple people) for all plural nouns. Example: Var är era barn? (Where are your children?)

din vs Hans

This means 'his'. While similar in sound to 'ans' in some contexts, it's a completely different pronoun. Example: Det är hans bok. (It is his book.)

din vs Hennes

This means 'her' or 'hers'. Also a distinct possessive pronoun. Example: Det är hennes katt. (It is her cat.)

容易混淆

din vs Din

Swedish has different forms of 'your' depending on the gender and plurality of the noun it modifies. 'Din' is used for common gender singular nouns.

Refers to a singular 'your' for common gender nouns (en-words).

Var är din katt? (Where is your cat?)

din vs Ditt

Similar to 'din', 'ditt' also means 'your' but is used for neuter gender singular nouns.

Refers to a singular 'your' for neuter gender nouns (ett-words).

Är detta ditt hus? (Is this your house?)

din vs Dina

This form of 'your' is used for plural nouns, regardless of their gender.

Refers to a plural 'your' for all nouns (both en- and ett-words).

Var är dina böcker? (Where are your books?)

din vs Er

While 'din/ditt/dina' refer to the singular 'you' (du), 'er/ert/era' refer to the plural 'you' (ni). 'Er' is used for common gender singular nouns when addressing multiple people.

Refers to 'your' when addressing more than one person, for common gender singular nouns.

Är det er bil? (Is that your car? [addressing multiple people])

din vs Ert

Similar to 'er', 'ert' is used for neuter gender singular nouns when addressing multiple people.

Refers to 'your' when addressing more than one person, for neuter gender singular nouns.

Har ni läst ert brev? (Have you read your letter? [addressing multiple people])

如何使用

Use din when talking to one person about something that belongs to them, if the thing that belongs to them is a 'common' noun (en-ord) in Swedish. For example, din bil (your car), din mamma (your mom).

常见错误

A common mistake is using din for 'ett-words' or plural nouns. Remember, din is only for 'en-words' belonging to one person. For 'ett-words', use ditt (e.g., ditt hus - your house). For plural nouns, use dina (e.g., dina böcker - your books).

词源

Old Norse

原始含义： your

North Germanic

文化背景

The use of 'du' and 'ni' (and by extension 'din' and 'er') in Swedish used to be very strict, similar to 'tu' and 'vous' in French. However, a major reform in the late 1960s, known as the 'du-reformen', simplified this, making 'du' (and 'din') the standard form for almost everyone. This change reflects a broader cultural shift towards egalitarianism and informality in Swedish society. While 'ni' and 'er' are still grammatically correct and sometimes used to show respect to elders or in very formal settings, 'du' and 'din' are overwhelmingly common.

自我测试 6 个问题

fill blank A1

Jag gillar ___ katt. (I like ___ cat.)

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案： din

Here, 'din' (your) is used because the sentence implies possession of the cat by the person being addressed.

fill blank A1

Är det ___ bok? (Is that ___ book?)

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案： din

We use 'din' (your) here to ask if the book belongs to the person we are talking to.

fill blank A1

Var är ___ telefon? (Where is ___ phone?)

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案： din

'Din' (your) is appropriate to ask about the phone of the person addressed.

fill blank A1

Vad är ___ namn? (What is ___ name?)

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案： ditt

When asking someone directly 'What is your name?', 'ditt' (your) is the correct form to use with a singular 'du' (you) and an 'ett' word like 'namn'. Note that 'din' is for 'en' words, and 'ditt' for 'ett' words.

fill blank A1

Jag ser ___ hus. (I see ___ house.)

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案： ditt

Since 'hus' (house) is an 'ett' word in Swedish, 'ditt' (your) is the correct possessive form to use.

fill blank A1

Hon gillar ___ tröja. (She likes ___ sweater.)

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案： din

'Din' (your) is used here because 'tröja' (sweater) is an 'en' word.

/ 6 correct

Perfect score!

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