At the A1 level, you should learn 'hållbar' primarily in the context of food and simple objects. It means something that lasts a long time or is 'good' and doesn't break easily. You might hear it when talking about 'hållbar mjölk' (milk with a long shelf life) or a 'hållbar leksak' (a toy that doesn't break). At this stage, focus on the basic meaning of 'lasting'. Remember that it changes to 'hållbart' if you are talking about an 'ett' word like 'ett äpple' (though apples aren't usually described this way, 'ett hållbart bord' works). It's a useful word to know when you want to describe the quality of something you are buying. Even at this early stage, you will see it in Swedish supermarkets, so recognizing it will help you shop for groceries that stay fresh longer. Don't worry about the complex environmental definitions yet; just think of it as 'long-lasting' or 'strong'.
At the A2 level, you can start using 'hållbar' to describe environmental choices in a simple way. You might say 'Jag köper hållbara kläder' (I buy sustainable clothes) or 'Vi behöver hållbar energi' (We need sustainable energy). You are beginning to see that 'hållbar' is more than just 'strong'; it's about being responsible. You should also practice the plural form: 'hållbara produkter'. At this level, you might encounter the word in news headlines or simple advertisements. It is important to distinguish it from 'miljövänlig' (environmentally friendly). While 'miljövänlig' is specifically about the environment, 'hållbar' suggests that the whole system can continue for a long time. You can also use it to describe simple plans, like 'en hållbar plan för studier' (a sustainable study plan) that won't make you too tired.
At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 'hållbar' in its most common Swedish context: 'hållbar utveckling' (sustainable development). This is a key term in Swedish society. You should understand that 'hållbar' applies to three main areas: the environment, the economy, and social issues. In a conversation, you might discuss 'hållbar konsumtion' (sustainable consumption) or 'hållbara transporter' (sustainable transport). You should also be able to use the word to describe the validity of an argument: 'Det är ett hållbart argument' (That is a valid/tenable argument). At this level, you are expected to use the word in more abstract ways. You might also start using the noun form 'hållbarhet' (sustainability). For example, 'Vi måste tänka på hållbarheten' (We must think about the sustainability). You should also be aware of common collocations like 'hållbart mode' (sustainable fashion) and 'hållbar livsstil' (sustainable lifestyle).
At the B2 level, you should use 'hållbar' with nuance and precision. You can participate in debates about 'hållbara investeringar' (sustainable investments) or 'hållbar stadsplanering' (sustainable urban planning). You should understand how the word is used in professional settings, such as corporate social responsibility reports. You should also be able to use the antonym 'ohållbar' (unsustainable/untenable) to criticize ideas or systems: 'Den nuvarande situationen är ohållbar' (The current situation is unsustainable). At this stage, you should be able to distinguish 'hållbar' from synonyms like 'slitstark' (durable/tough) and 'bestående' (enduring). You should also be able to explain why a certain policy is 'hållbar' using more complex sentence structures. For instance, 'För att uppnå en hållbar tillväxt krävs det att vi minskar våra koldioxidutsläpp' (To achieve sustainable growth, it is required that we reduce our carbon emissions).
At the C1 level, 'hållbar' becomes a tool for sophisticated analysis. You can discuss the 'hållbarhet' of legal frameworks, philosophical theories, or complex economic models. You should be familiar with idiomatic uses and how the word functions in different registers, from academic writing to political rhetoric. You might analyze the 'hållbarhet' of a scientific hypothesis or the 'hållbara bevis' (tenable evidence) in a court case. At this level, you are expected to understand the historical evolution of the term in Swedish policy, from the Brundtland Report to the UN's Agenda 2030. You should be able to use the word to express subtle distinctions, such as the difference between 'ekonomisk hållbarhet' and 'ekologisk hållbarhet'. Your use of the word should reflect a deep understanding of Swedish cultural values regarding the future and collective responsibility.
At the C2 level, you use 'hållbar' with the mastery of a native speaker. You can use it in highly specialized contexts, such as structural engineering ('hållbarhetsberäkningar' - sustainability/durability calculations) or high-level political philosophy. You understand the word's resonance in Swedish literature and its role in shaping national identity. You can navigate the most complex linguistic structures involving 'hållbar', such as using it in intricate metaphors or as part of specialized compound words. You are also able to critique the use of the word itself, discussing 'greenwashing' or the 'inflation' of the term in marketing. Your command of the word allows you to use it with irony, emphasis, or precision in any professional or social setting. You understand that 'hållbar' is not just an adjective but a foundational concept in the Swedish worldview, and you can articulate this understanding fluently.

hållbar 30秒了解

  • Hållbar is a versatile Swedish adjective meaning sustainable, durable, or tenable.
  • It is a core word in Swedish environmental culture, appearing in 'hållbar utveckling'.
  • The word declines based on gender and number: hållbar (en), hållbart (ett), hållbara (plural).
  • It covers physical strength, ecological responsibility, and the logical validity of arguments.

The Swedish word hållbar is a multifaceted adjective that English speakers primarily translate as sustainable, durable, or tenable. At its core, it describes something that can be maintained, endured, or held up over time without collapsing or being exhausted. In modern Sweden, a country deeply committed to environmental protection, you will encounter this word daily in the context of hållbar utveckling (sustainable development). However, its utility extends far beyond ecology. It encompasses the physical strength of a product, the logical consistency of an argument, and even the longevity of a relationship or financial plan.

Environmental Context
Refers to practices that do not deplete natural resources. Example: Hållbart fiske (Sustainable fishing).
Physical Durability
Refers to objects that are built to last and resist wear and tear. Example: Ett hållbart material (A durable material).
Logical Validity
Refers to arguments or theories that hold up under scrutiny. Example: En hållbar teori (A tenable theory).

When Swedes use hållbar, they are often making a value judgment about the future. If a system is ohållbar (unsustainable), it is destined to fail. Therefore, hållbarhet (sustainability) is seen as a prerequisite for success in business, politics, and personal lifestyle choices. You will see it on food packaging, in corporate annual reports, and in political manifestos. It is a word that carries weight, suggesting responsibility, quality, and foresight.

Vi måste ställa om till en mer hållbar livsstil för att rädda planeten.

Translation: We must transition to a more sustainable lifestyle to save the planet.

The word is composed of the verb hålla (to hold/last) and the suffix -bar (equivalent to the English suffix -able). Literally, it means 'hold-able'. This literal root helps in understanding why it applies to both a physical chair that doesn't break and a logical argument that doesn't 'fall apart'. In the business world, hållbart företagande refers to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), emphasizing that profit should not come at the cost of the environment or social ethics.

Dessa skor är gjorda av ett mycket hållbart läder.

Translation: These shoes are made of a very durable leather.

Furthermore, hållbar is used in culinary and storage contexts. If food is hållbart, it means it has a long shelf life. For instance, canned goods are more hållbara than fresh produce. This sense of 'lastingness' is the common thread across all its applications. Whether you are talking about the environment, a pair of jeans, or a legal defense, you are discussing the capacity of that thing to endure over time.

Argumentet är inte längre hållbart i ljuset av de nya bevisen.

Translation: The argument is no longer tenable in light of the new evidence.

Using hållbar correctly requires an understanding of Swedish adjective agreement and the specific noun it modifies. Since it is an adjective, it must match the gender and number of the noun it describes. For common gender nouns (en-words), use hållbar. For neuter gender nouns (ett-words), use hållbart. For plural nouns or when used after a definite article, use hållbara.

Common Gender (en)
En hållbar strategi (A sustainable strategy). Here, 'strategi' is an en-word.
Neuter Gender (ett)
Ett hållbart samhälle (A sustainable society). 'Samhälle' is an ett-word, so we add a -t.
Plural / Definite
De hållbara alternativen (The sustainable alternatives). We use the -a ending.

In environmental contexts, the word often appears in compound nouns or as part of fixed phrases. Hållbar utveckling is the most frequent. If you are writing a formal report, you might use it to describe hållbar tillväxt (sustainable growth). In a more casual setting, like shopping for clothes, you might ask if the garment is hållbart producerat (sustainably produced).

Företaget strävar efter att skapa hållbara värden för sina aktieägare.

Translation: The company strives to create sustainable value for its shareholders.

When describing durability, hållbar is often intensified with adverbs. For example, extremt hållbar (extremely durable) or inte särskilt hållbar (not particularly durable). If you are talking about food, you might use it in the sense of 'best before' dates: Hur länge är mjölken hållbar? (How long does the milk stay fresh?).

Är den här konstruktionen verkligen hållbar i längden?

Translation: Is this construction really durable in the long run?

In abstract or academic discussions, hållbar describes the validity of logic. If someone makes a claim, a critic might say: Det är inte ett hållbart argument (That is not a tenable argument). This implies the argument lacks a solid foundation or evidence. It's a professional way to say something doesn't make sense or won't work.

Vi behöver hitta en hållbar lösning på problemet med plast i haven.

Translation: We need to find a sustainable solution to the problem of plastic in the oceans.

In Sweden, hållbar is a buzzword that has moved from scientific journals into every corner of public life. If you turn on the news (SVT Nyheter), you will likely hear it within the first ten minutes. Politicians use it to discuss climate goals, economists use it to talk about debt levels, and urban planners use it to describe 'green' cities. It is perhaps one of the most culturally significant words in modern Swedish society because it reflects the national priority on environmental stewardship.

In the Supermarket
Look for labels like 'Hållbart val' (Sustainable choice) on fish or coffee. It indicates the product meets certain ethical or ecological standards.
At Work
Many companies have a 'Hållbarhetschef' (Chief Sustainability Officer). In meetings, people discuss 'hållbara affärsmodeller' (sustainable business models).
In Construction
Architects talk about 'hållbart byggande', meaning using materials and designs that minimize energy consumption.

You will also hear it in the context of personal development and mental health. A hållbart arbetsliv (sustainable working life) is a common topic of discussion in Sweden, referring to a work-life balance that prevents burnout. This usage highlights that the word isn't just about 'saving the trees'; it's about the health and longevity of human systems as well. If you are working too many hours, a Swedish friend might tell you: Det där är inte hållbart i längden (That isn't sustainable in the long run).

Sverige vill vara världsledande inom hållbar energi.

Translation: Sweden wants to be a world leader in sustainable energy.

Interestingly, the word is also common in sports and fitness. A coach might talk about hållbar träning, meaning a training regimen that builds strength without causing injury. Here, the emphasis is on the body's durability and the long-term health of the athlete. In every context, the word carries a positive connotation of wisdom, stability, and care for the future.

Vi diskuterade hur vi kan skapa en mer hållbar konsumtion.

Translation: We discussed how we can create more sustainable consumption.

Even though hållbar is a common word, English speakers often make mistakes by using it where more specific Swedish words would be more natural. One frequent error is using hållbar when they actually mean slitstark (wear-resistant) for clothing or varaktig (lasting/permanent) for feelings. While hållbar can mean durable, slitstark is much more common when specifically discussing the physical toughness of fabrics or tools.

Confusing with 'Miljövänlig'
Mistake: Using 'hållbar' to mean only 'eco-friendly'. While related, 'hållbar' is broader and includes social and economic aspects.
Adjective Agreement
Mistake: Saying 'en hållbart bil'. Correction: 'en hållbar bil'. You must match the gender of the noun.
Preposition Errors
Mistake: 'Hållbar för framtiden'. Correction: Often 'hållbar i längden' (sustainable in the long run) or 'hållbar för miljön'.

Another mistake is using hållbar for 'valid' in the sense of a ticket or a passport. While hållbar means valid in a logical sense, for documents, Swedes use giltig. If you say your passport is hållbart, a Swede might think you mean it is physically sturdy and won't rip, rather than being legally accepted for travel.

❌ Biljetten är hållbar i tre dagar. (Wrong)
✅ Biljetten är giltig i tre dagar. (Correct)

Context: Validity of documents.

Finally, be careful with the word uthållig. While it looks similar and shares the root hålla, uthållig means 'persistent' or 'having high stamina' and is used for people or animals. You wouldn't call a bridge uthållig, and you wouldn't call a marathon runner hållbar (unless you're talking about their career longevity).

Because hållbar is so versatile, there are several synonyms that might be more appropriate depending on the context. Understanding these nuances will make your Swedish sound more natural and precise. Below is a comparison of common alternatives.

Slitstark vs. Hållbar
Slitstark specifically refers to something that can withstand heavy use or friction, like work clothes or flooring. Hållbar is more general.
Ekologisk vs. Hållbar
Ekologisk (organic) refers specifically to farming methods without synthetic chemicals. Hållbar is the 'big picture' that includes ecology but also social fairness.
Giltig vs. Hållbar
Giltig means 'valid' in a legal or administrative sense (passports, laws). Hållbar means 'valid' in a logical or evidentiary sense.

If you want to sound more academic, you might use bestående (lasting/enduring) or livskraftig (viable/vigorous). For example, a livskraftig ekonomi is a viable economy. In the context of arguments, you might use vederhäftig (reliable/trustworthy) or logisk (logical).

Vi söker efter en långsiktig lösning snarare än en snabb fix.

Note: 'Långsiktig' (long-term) is a very common alternative when discussing sustainability.

In summary, while hållbar is the 'go-to' word for most things that last or are good for the planet, expanding your vocabulary with these alternatives will help you express more specific ideas. For instance, instead of saying 'en hållbar tröja', saying 'en slitstark tröja' tells the listener exactly why the sweater is good—it won't get holes easily.

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

The modern environmental meaning only became dominant in the late 20th century, following the UN's Brundtland Report in 1987, which popularized the term 'sustainable development' (hållbar utveckling).

发音指南

UK /ˈhɔlːˌbaːr/
US /ˈhɔlːˌbɑːr/
Primary stress on the first syllable 'håll'.
押韵词
underbar (wonderful) uppenbar (obvious) kvar (left/remaining) svar (answer) far (father) par (pair) klar (clear) snar (soon)
常见错误
  • Pronouncing the 'o' like the English 'hole'. It should be a short 'o' as in 'pot'.
  • Making the 'l' too short. Swedish double 'l' indicates a long consonant sound.
  • Pronouncing 'bar' like the English 'bar' with a short 'a'. The Swedish 'a' in 'bar' is long.
  • Forgetting to stress the first syllable.
  • Pronouncing the 'h' too softly.

难度评级

阅读 3/5

Easy to recognize in texts as it appears frequently in news and labels.

写作 4/5

Requires attention to adjective agreement (en/ett/plural).

口语 3/5

The pronunciation is straightforward, but the 'l' sound must be long.

听力 2/5

Very common word, usually clearly articulated.

接下来学什么

前置知识

hålla miljö bra lång framtid

接下来学习

hållbarhet utveckling resurs klimat ansvar

高级

vederhäftig bestående ekosystem cirkulär ekonomi klimatneutral

需要掌握的语法

Adjective Agreement

En hållbar stad, ett hållbart hus, hållbara städer.

Compound Nouns

Hållbarhet + mål = hållbarhetsmål (note the 's').

Suffix -bar

Comparable to -able in English (tänkbar, ätbar, läsbar).

Definite Adjective Form

Den hållbara utvecklingen (ends in -a).

Adverb Formation

Att leva hållbart (add -t to the adjective).

按水平分级的例句

1

Den här mjölken är hållbar länge.

This milk stays fresh for a long time.

Hållbar here refers to shelf life.

2

Är leksaken hållbar?

Is the toy durable?

Simple adjective use for physical strength.

3

Det är en hållbar väska.

It is a durable bag.

En-word agreement: en väska -> hållbar.

4

Hållbar mat är bra.

Sustainable food is good.

A1 context: food that lasts or is good.

5

Bilen är inte hållbar.

The car is not durable.

Using 'inte' to negate the adjective.

6

Jag vill ha ett hållbart bord.

I want a durable table.

Ett-word agreement: ett bord -> hållbart.

7

Hållbara skor är dyra.

Durable shoes are expensive.

Plural agreement: skor -> hållbara.

8

Är det här tyget hållbart?

Is this fabric durable?

Ett-word agreement: tyget -> hållbart.

1

Vi köper hållbara kläder nu.

We are buying sustainable clothes now.

Plural adjective: hållbara.

2

Hållbar energi är viktig för oss.

Sustainable energy is important to us.

Common noun phrase: hållbar energi.

3

Min plan är inte hållbar.

My plan is not sustainable.

Abstract use: a plan that won't work.

4

Företaget har en hållbar profil.

The company has a sustainable profile.

Business context: sustainable image.

5

Vi behöver hållbara lösningar.

We need sustainable solutions.

Plural agreement: lösningar -> hållbara.

6

Är det här ett hållbart val?

Is this a sustainable choice?

Ett-word agreement: ett val -> hållbart.

7

Hållbart fiske skyddar haven.

Sustainable fishing protects the oceans.

Ett-word agreement: fiske -> hållbart.

8

Huset är byggt av hållbara material.

The house is built of sustainable materials.

Plural agreement: material -> hållbara.

1

Hållbar utveckling är målet för projektet.

Sustainable development is the goal of the project.

Standard phrase: hållbar utveckling.

2

Deras argument är inte hållbart i längden.

Their argument is not tenable in the long run.

Logical validity: hållbart argument.

3

Vi måste främja en hållbar konsumtion.

We must promote sustainable consumption.

Abstract concept: sustainable consumption.

4

Är den här affärsmodellen verkligen hållbar?

Is this business model really sustainable?

Business context: economic sustainability.

5

Hållbart mode blir allt mer populärt.

Sustainable fashion is becoming more popular.

Ett-word agreement: mode -> hållbart.

6

Vi diskuterade hållbara investeringar på mötet.

We discussed sustainable investments at the meeting.

Financial context: hållbara investeringar.

7

Det krävs en hållbar strategi för framtiden.

A sustainable strategy is required for the future.

En-word agreement: strategi -> hållbar.

8

Mjölkens hållbarhetstid är ganska kort.

The milk's shelf-life is quite short.

Noun compound: hållbarhetstid.

1

Projektet syftar till att skapa en hållbar infrastruktur.

The project aims to create a sustainable infrastructure.

Technical context: sustainable infrastructure.

2

Det är en ohållbar situation för de anställda.

It is an unsustainable situation for the employees.

Antonym: ohållbar (unsustainable).

3

Vi behöver mer hållbara metoder inom jordbruket.

We need more sustainable methods in agriculture.

Comparative use: mer hållbara.

4

Hållbarhet är numera en central del av politiken.

Sustainability is now a central part of politics.

Noun form: hållbarhet.

5

Är bevisen verkligen hållbara i en rättegång?

Are the evidences really tenable in a trial?

Legal context: hållbara bevis.

6

Vi måste arbeta för ett mer hållbart samhälle.

We must work for a more sustainable society.

Ett-word: ett hållbart samhälle.

7

Deras teori visade sig inte vara hållbar.

Their theory turned out not to be tenable.

Scientific context: tenable theory.

8

Hållbara transporter är avgörande för klimatet.

Sustainable transport is crucial for the climate.

Plural: hållbara transporter.

1

Den filosofiska grunden för hans påstående är knappast hållbar.

The philosophical basis for his claim is hardly tenable.

C1 level: abstract philosophical use.

2

Vi analyserade företagets hållbarhetsredovisning i detalj.

We analyzed the company's sustainability report in detail.

Compound: hållbarhetsredovisning.

3

Det är en utmaning att förena tillväxt med hållbarhet.

It is a challenge to reconcile growth with sustainability.

Advanced concept: growth vs sustainability.

4

Kritikerna menar att regeringens politik är ohållbar.

Critics argue that the government's policy is unsustainable.

Political rhetoric: ohållbar.

5

Hållbart skogsbruk är en viktig del av svensk ekonomi.

Sustainable forestry is an important part of the Swedish economy.

Industry context: hållbart skogsbruk.

6

Är de nuvarande skattenivåerna hållbara på sikt?

Are the current tax levels sustainable in the long run?

Economic context: hållbara skattenivåer.

7

Vi måste ifrågasätta om vår livsstil är moraliskt hållbar.

We must question if our lifestyle is morally sustainable.

Moral/Ethical context.

8

Hållbarhetsaspekten väger tungt i beslutet.

The sustainability aspect carries significant weight in the decision.

Compound: hållbarhetsaspekt.

1

Denna diskurs vilar på en premiss som inte längre är hållbar.

This discourse rests on a premise that is no longer tenable.

High-level academic discourse.

2

Hållbarhetsparadigmet har transformerat hela industrisektorn.

The sustainability paradigm has transformed the entire industrial sector.

Advanced compound: hållbarhetsparadigm.

3

Att upprätthålla en hållbar balans mellan arbete och fritid är essentiellt.

Maintaining a sustainable balance between work and leisure is essential.

Nuanced use of 'hållbar balans'.

4

Analysen belyser de hållbara dimensionerna av urbaniseringen.

The analysis highlights the sustainable dimensions of urbanization.

C2 level analysis.

5

Detta är en ohållbar ekvation för framtidens välfärd.

This is an unsustainable equation for future welfare.

Metaphorical use: ohållbar ekvation.

6

Hållbarhetsmålen kräver en radikal systemförändring.

The sustainability goals require a radical system change.

Political/Systemic context.

7

Vi måste dekonstruera begreppet 'hållbar tillväxt'.

We must deconstruct the concept of 'sustainable growth'.

Critical analysis.

8

En hållbar rättsstat kräver transparens och integritet.

A sustainable rule of law requires transparency and integrity.

Legal/Political philosophy.

近义词

slitstark bestående uthållig livskraftig ekologisk rimlig vederhäftig stabil

反义词

ohållbar bräcklig kortsiktig förgänglig

常见搭配

hållbar utveckling
hållbar livsstil
hållbar konsumtion
hållbart mode
hållbara lösningar
hållbar tillväxt
hållbar energi
hållbart fiske
hållbart byggande
hållbar framtid

常用短语

i längden

— In the long run. Often used with 'hållbar'.

Det är inte hållbart i längden.

på sikt

— In the long term.

Är det hållbart på sikt?

ställa om

— To transition/switch (usually to something sustainable).

Vi måste ställa om till en hållbar ekonomi.

hålla måttet

— To measure up / be good enough.

Argumentet håller inte måttet.

ta ansvar

— To take responsibility.

Företag måste ta ansvar för en hållbar produktion.

miljömässigt hållbar

— Environmentally sustainable.

Är projektet miljömässigt hållbart?

socialt hållbar

— Socially sustainable.

Vi behöver socialt hållbara städer.

ekonomiskt hållbar

— Economically sustainable.

Planen är inte ekonomiskt hållbar.

en hållbar lösning

— A sustainable solution.

Vi hittade äntligen en hållbar lösning.

ett hållbart alternativ

— A sustainable alternative.

Tåget är ett hållbart alternativ till flyget.

容易混淆的词

hållbar vs slitstark

Use 'slitstark' for physical toughness of fabric/tools, 'hållbar' for general sustainability.

hållbar vs giltig

Use 'giltig' for legal validity like tickets or passports, 'hållbar' for logical validity.

hållbar vs varaktig

Use 'varaktig' for something that lasts a long time like peace or a memory.

习语与表达

"inte hålla vatten"

— Does not hold water (not logically sound).

Ditt argument håller inte vatten.

informal
"hålla i längden"

— To last in the long run.

Den här stilen kommer inte hålla i längden.

neutral
"hålla måttet"

— To meet the required standard.

Den nya produkten håller inte måttet.

neutral
"hålla ställningarna"

— To hold the fort (maintain a position).

Jag håller ställningarna medan du är borta.

informal
"hålla ihop"

— To stick together (stay durable/united).

Vi måste hålla ihop i svåra tider.

neutral
"hålla tätt"

— To keep a secret or be waterproof.

Väskan håller tätt i regnet.

neutral
"hålla ut"

— To endure or hold out.

Vi måste hålla ut tills hjälpen kommer.

neutral
"hålla fast vid"

— To stick to something (a belief or plan).

Han håller fast vid sin hållbara strategi.

neutral
"hålla igång"

— To keep going.

Det är viktigt att hålla igång kroppen.

neutral
"hålla reda på"

— To keep track of.

Det är svårt att hålla reda på alla hållbarhetsmål.

neutral

容易混淆

hållbar vs uthållig

Both come from 'hålla'.

'Uthållig' is for human stamina; 'hållbar' is for systems/objects.

En uthållig löpare vs. en hållbar sko.

hållbar vs giltig

Both translate to 'valid'.

'Giltig' is legal/formal; 'hållbar' is logical/structural.

Ett giltigt pass vs. ett hållbart argument.

hållbar vs slitstark

Both translate to 'durable'.

'Slitstark' is about surface wear/friction; 'hållbar' is about overall endurance.

Slitstarka jeans vs. en hållbar ekonomi.

hållbar vs ekologisk

Often used interchangeably in eco-contexts.

'Ekologisk' is about farming/chemicals; 'hållbar' is a broader systemic concept.

Ekologiska morötter vs. hållbar stadsplanering.

hållbar vs bestående

Both mean 'lasting'.

'Bestående' is often used for abstract results or effects.

En bestående förändring vs. en hållbar utveckling.

句型

A1

Är [sak] hållbar?

Är tröjan hållbar?

A2

Jag vill köpa [adjektiv] [substantiv].

Jag vill köpa hållbara kläder.

B1

Det är inte hållbart att [verb].

Det är inte hållbart att slänga så mycket mat.

B1

Vi arbetar för en [adjektiv] framtid.

Vi arbetar för en hållbar framtid.

B2

Argumentet är inte hållbart på grund av [substantiv].

Argumentet är inte hållbart på grund av bristen på bevis.

C1

Ur ett [adjektiv] perspektiv är detta...

Ur ett hållbart perspektiv är detta problematiskt.

C1

Hållbarhet bör vara en [substantiv].

Hållbarhet bör vara en prioritet.

C2

Detta utgör en ohållbar premiss för...

Detta utgör en ohållbar premiss för vidare diskussion.

词族

名词

hållbarhet sustainability/durability
hållbarhetsmål sustainability goals
hållbarhetsredovisning sustainability report

动词

hålla to hold/last/endure
upprätthålla to maintain/uphold
uthärda to endure

形容词

ohållbar unsustainable
uthållig persistent/enduring

相关

miljö
ekologi
framtid
kvalitet
ansvar

如何使用

frequency

Extremely high in modern Swedish, especially in media and business.

常见错误
  • En hållbart bil En hållbar bil

    Adjectives must match the gender of the noun (en-word).

  • Passet är hållbart Passet är giltigt

    Use 'giltig' for legal validity/documents.

  • Hållbar för framtiden Hållbar i längden

    'I längden' is the more natural idiomatic expression.

  • Han är en hållbar man Han är en uthållig man

    'Hållbar' is not typically used for personal character/stamina.

  • Hållbar kläder Hållbara kläder

    Plural nouns require the -a ending on adjectives.

小贴士

Agreement

Don't forget: en hållbar, ett hållbart, de hållbara.

Context

Use 'hållbar' for sustainability and 'slitstark' for physical durability.

Swedish Values

Mentioning 'hållbarhet' in a job interview in Sweden is usually a big plus.

Arguments

Use 'ohållbart' to dismiss a weak argument in a debate.

Long L

Make sure to linger on the 'll' in 'hållbar'.

Compounds

Swedish loves compounds. Use 'hållbarhets-' as a prefix.

News

Listen for 'hållbar' in climate reports on SVT.

Hold-able

Remember the root 'hålla' (to hold).

Phrases

Learn 'hållbar utveckling' as one fixed unit.

Validity

Remember 'hållbar' for logic, 'giltig' for law.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of 'Hold-able'. If something is hållbar, you can 'hold' it for a long time without it breaking or running out.

视觉联想

Imagine a sturdy wooden bridge (durable) that is covered in green plants (sustainable) and supported by a strong logical pillar (tenable).

Word Web

Hållbar utveckling Hållbart fiske Hållbarhet Hållbara material Hållbar konsumtion Hållbar livsstil Ohållbar Hållbart mode

挑战

Try to find three items in your house today and decide if they are 'hållbara' or 'ohållbara'. Explain why in Swedish.

词源

Derived from the Swedish verb 'hålla' (to hold, last, keep) and the suffix '-bar' (equivalent to English '-able'). The word has been used in Swedish since the 17th century, originally referring to physical strength or military defensibility.

原始含义: Capable of being held or defended.

Germanic (Swedish). Cognate with German 'haltbar'.

文化背景

Be aware that 'hållbarhet' can sometimes be viewed as a politically charged word in debates about economic growth versus environmental protection.

In English, we often use 'sustainable' for the environment and 'durable' for objects. Swedish uses 'hållbar' for both, which can be confusing at first.

Agenda 2030 (Globala målen för hållbar utveckling) Greta Thunberg's speeches often focus on 'ohållbar' policies. The Brundtland Report (Vår gemensamma framtid)

在生活中练习

真实语境

Environment

  • hållbar utveckling
  • hållbar energi
  • hållbart fiske
  • klimatneutral

Shopping

  • hållbart material
  • hållbart mode
  • ekologiskt val
  • slitstark

Business

  • hållbar tillväxt
  • hållbarhetsredovisning
  • CSR
  • långsiktig strategi

Food

  • hållbarhetstid
  • bäst före-datum
  • hållbar mjölk
  • färskvara

Debate

  • ett hållbart argument
  • inte hållbart i längden
  • ohållbar situation
  • bevis

对话开场白

"Vad betyder hållbarhet för dig i din vardag?"

"Tror du att det är möjligt att ha en helt hållbar ekonomi?"

"Vilka hållbara val gör du när du handlar mat?"

"Är den nuvarande konsumtionen i världen hållbar, tror du?"

"Hur kan vi göra våra städer mer hållbara för framtiden?"

日记主题

Reflektera över din egen livsstil. På vilka sätt är den hållbar, och vad kan du förbättra?

Beskriv en produkt du äger som är mycket hållbar. Varför har den hållit så länge?

Skriv om en politisk fråga där ordet 'hållbar' används ofta. Vad betyder det i det sammanhanget?

Är det viktigt att kläder är hållbara, eller är priset viktigare? Motivera ditt svar.

Tänk på en situation som kändes 'ohållbar'. Hur löste du den?

常见问题

10 个问题

Usually no. Use 'uthållig' if you mean they have stamina, or 'stabil' if you mean they are reliable. You only use 'hållbar' for a person's career or lifestyle, not their character.

Yes, 'hållbart' can function as an adverb meaning 'sustainably'. For example: 'Vi måste leva mer hållbart'.

The most common opposite is 'ohållbar', which means unsustainable or untenable.

The noun is 'hållbarhet'.

Yes, to describe shelf life. 'Hållbar mjölk' is milk that lasts a long time.

No, it also means durable (like a strong chair) or logically valid (like a good argument).

It is the Swedish term for 'sustainable development', a core concept in global policy.

Swedish adjectives add -a in the plural form. E.g., 'många hållbara produkter'.

Yes, it is one of the most frequently used adjectives in modern Swedish news and business.

Yes, but only in the sense of a logical argument or evidence, not for a ticket or passport.

自我测试 200 个问题

writing

Write a sentence using 'hållbar utveckling'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
writing

Describe why a product you own is 'hållbar'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
writing

Write a short paragraph about 'hållbar konsumtion'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
writing

Explain the difference between 'hållbar' and 'slitstark'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
writing

What does 'en ohållbar situation' mean to you?

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
writing

Write a dialogue where two people discuss sustainable energy.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
writing

How can we make our cities more 'hållbara'?

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
writing

Translate: 'This argument is not sustainable in the long run.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
writing

Use the word 'hållbarhet' in a formal sentence.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
writing

Write a slogan for a sustainable clothing brand.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
writing

Describe a 'hållbar livsstil'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
writing

Translate: 'We need sustainable solutions for the future.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
writing

What is 'hållbart mode' to you?

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
writing

Write a sentence with the plural form 'hållbara'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
writing

Write a sentence with the neuter form 'hållbart'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
writing

Discuss the 'hållbarhet' of current economic systems.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
writing

Translate: 'Sustainable fishing is important for the planet.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
writing

Explain why 'hållbar' is more than just 'miljövänlig'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
writing

Write a letter to a company asking about their 'hållbarhetsarbete'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
writing

How can a student have a 'hållbar' study plan?

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
speaking

Say 'hållbar utveckling' out loud.

Read this aloud:

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
speaking

Explain in Swedish why sustainability is important.

Read this aloud:

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
speaking

Describe a product you bought that was 'hållbar'.

Read this aloud:

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
speaking

Talk for one minute about 'hållbar konsumtion'.

Read this aloud:

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
speaking

Pronounce 'hållbarhet' correctly.

Read this aloud:

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
speaking

How would you tell a friend their plan isn't sustainable?

Read this aloud:

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
speaking

Discuss the pros and cons of sustainable fashion.

Read this aloud:

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
speaking

What is 'hållbart fiske'? Explain in Swedish.

Read this aloud:

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
speaking

Use 'hållbar' in a sentence about energy.

Read this aloud:

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
speaking

Use 'hållbart' in a sentence about a choice.

Read this aloud:

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
speaking

Use 'hållbara' in a sentence about products.

Read this aloud:

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
speaking

Say: 'Det är inte hållbart i längden.'

Read this aloud:

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
speaking

Explain the difference between 'hållbar' and 'slitstark' verbally.

Read this aloud:

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
speaking

What does 'ohållbar' mean? Give an example.

Read this aloud:

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
speaking

Discuss 'hållbar stadsplanering' in your home city.

Read this aloud:

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
speaking

Tell a story about a 'hållbar' habit you have.

Read this aloud:

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
speaking

How do you say 'Sustainable goals' in Swedish?

Read this aloud:

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
speaking

Is your work-life balance 'hållbar'?

Read this aloud:

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
speaking

What is the most 'hållbar' thing you own?

Read this aloud:

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
speaking

Pronounce 'ohållbarhet' correctly.

Read this aloud:

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
listening

Listen for the word 'hållbar' in a Swedish news clip about climate.

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
listening

Does the speaker say 'hållbar' or 'hållbart'?

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
listening

Listen to a weather report. Do they mention 'hållbarhet'?

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
listening

Identify if the speaker is talking about environment or durability.

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
listening

Listen for the suffix '-bar' in other words like 'tänkbar'.

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
listening

Can you hear the double 'l' in 'hållbar'?

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
listening

Listen for the phrase 'i längden'.

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
listening

Does the speaker sound positive or negative about 'hållbarhet'?

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
listening

Listen to a commercial. Is the product 'hållbar'?

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
listening

Listen for 'hållbarhetsmål' in a political speech.

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
listening

Identify the noun being described by 'hållbara'.

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
listening

Listen for the word 'ohållbar'. What is it describing?

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
listening

Can you distinguish between 'hållbar' and 'slitstark' in a conversation?

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
listening

Listen for 'hållbarhetstid' in a supermarket announcement.

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
listening

Identify the stress in the word 'hållbar'.

正确! 不太对。 正确答案:
正确! 不太对。 正确答案:

/ 200 correct

Perfect score!

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