B2 Expressions & Patterns 13 min read 简单

无论 / 不管 (관계없이)

当你想要强调某个条件（如时间、费用、背景）对结果“零影响”时，就用 «관계없이»。记住这三个核心词：«관계없이»、«상관없이»、«여부에 관계없이»。
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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use '관계없이' after a noun to show that the outcome remains the same regardless of that factor.

  • Attach directly to a noun: '날씨 관계없이' (regardless of weather).
  • Can be used with '에' for emphasis: '나이에 상관없이' (regardless of age).
  • Use with '누구든지' or '무엇이든지' for broader scope: '누구든지 관계없이'.
Noun + (에) + 관계없이/상관없이 + Result

Overview

Korean features the versatile grammatical pattern -ㄴ/은/는 관계없이 (-neun gwan-gye-eop-si) which translates to regardless of, irrespective of, or without regard to. This construction is employed to explicitly state that a preceding condition, factor, or circumstance does not influence or determine the subsequent action, state, or outcome. It serves to emphasize impartiality, universality, or unwavering determination.
At its core, 관계없이 is derived from the Sino-Korean word 관계 (gwan-gye, meaning relation, connection, concern) combined with the adverb 없이 (eop-si, meaning without, from the adjective 없다, to not exist). Thus, the literal interpretation is without relation/connection. This direct meaning underscores its function: to sever the logical link between two elements, asserting that one has no bearing on the other. It is primarily used in formal or objective contexts, providing a clear, factual tone.
For instance, stating 국적에 관계없이 (guk-jeok-e gwan-gye-eop-si) means regardless of nationality, implying that nationality is an irrelevant factor in the given situation. Similarly, 날씨에 관계없이 (nal-ssi-e gwan-gye-eop-si) conveys
irrespective of the weather,
indicating that weather conditions will not affect a planned activity.

How This Grammar Works

The -ㄴ/은/는 관계없이 pattern functions to establish a clear demarcation between a condition and a result, declaring the condition's irrelevance. Unlike concessive expressions that acknowledge a condition while presenting a contrasting outcome (e.g.,
even though it rained, we went
), -관계없이 asserts that the condition is simply not a factor in the decision or event. The action or state in the main clause will proceed, or a characteristic will hold true, irrespective of what the preceding clause or noun describes.
This grammatical structure fundamentally highlights the non-dependency of the main clause on the preceding element. It communicates that the subsequent statement holds true under all variations or possibilities of the initial condition. This is a crucial distinction: it's not about overcoming an obstacle, but about the obstacle (or any other factor) being entirely discounted.
The pattern demonstrates significant grammatical flexibility, attaching to nouns, verbs, and adjectives. However, the specific conjunctive form preceding 관계없이 varies based on the part of speech and tense. For nouns, it typically attaches with the locative particle -에.
For verbs and adjectives, it often utilizes the interrogative nominalizing ending -(으)ㄴ지/는지, which transforms the clause into a whether or not phrase, thereby allowing 관계없이 to negate the influence of the entire conditional clause.
Consider the statement 경험에 관계없이 지원할 수 있습니다. (gyeong-heom-e gwan-gye-eop-si ji-won-hal su it-seup-ni-da.) –
You can apply regardless of experience.
Here, experience is explicitly stated as having no bearing on eligibility. Another example, 그 결정이 옳았는지 틀렸는지에 관계없이 결과를 받아들여야 한다. (geu gyeol-jeong-i ol-at-neun-ji teul-lyeot-neun-ji-e gwan-gye-eop-si gyeol-gwa-reul bat-a-deul-yeo-ya han-da.) –
Regardless of whether that decision was right or wrong, one must accept the outcome.
This demonstrates how the truth value of a preceding clause is rendered irrelevant.

Formation Pattern

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The formation of -ㄴ/은/는 관계없이 depends on whether it attaches to a noun, verb, or adjective. Mastering these conjugations is key to its correct application.
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1. Attaching to Nouns:
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This is the most straightforward and common usage. The locative particle -에 directly follows the noun, signifying in relation to or concerning that noun, which is then negated by 관계없이.
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| Noun Category | Pattern | Example (Korean) | Example (Romanization) | Meaning |
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| :------------ | :------------------ | :------------------- | :------------------- | :---------------------------------- |
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| All Nouns | Noun + 에 관계없이 | 나이 (age) → 나이에 관계없이 | na-i-e gwan-gye-eop-si | Regardless of age |
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| | | 성별 (gender) → 성별에 관계없이 | seong-byeol-e gwan-gye-eop-si | Regardless of gender |
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| | | 위치 (location) → 위치에 관계없이 | wi-chi-e gwan-gye-eop-si | Regardless of location |
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| | | 이유 (reason) → 이유에 관계없이 | i-yu-e gwan-gye-eop-si | Regardless of the reason |
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| | | 결과 (result) → 결과에 관계없이 | gyeol-gwa-e gwan-gye-eop-si | Regardless of the outcome |
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Example: 회사 정책은 직원의 직급에 관계없이 모든 사람에게 적용됩니다. (hoe-sa jeong-chaeg-eun jik-won-ui jik-geup-e gwan-gye-eop-si mo-deun sa-ram-e-ge jeo-gyong-doep-ni-da.) –
Company policy applies to everyone, regardless of their job title.
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Note: While -에 is standard, -(와)과 관계없이 is also grammatically correct and common, carrying a similar meaning of without connection with. For instance, 나이와 관계없이 (na-i-wa gwan-gye-eop-si) is interchangeable with 나이에 관계없이 in most contexts, with a slight nuance shift from to (에) to with (와/과).
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2. Attaching to Verbs and Adjectives (via -(으)ㄴ지/는지 에 관계없이):
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When attaching to verbs or adjectives, the clause is first transformed into an interrogative nominal phrase using -(으)ㄴ지/는지 (meaning whether or not), and then -에 관계없이 is appended. This construction explicitly states that the truth or nature of the preceding verbal or adjectival clause is irrelevant.
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Verbs:
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| Tense | Stem Ends In | Pattern | Example (Korean) | Example (Romanization) | Meaning |
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| :------------- | :----------- | :--------------------------------------- | :------------------------------- | :----------------------------- | :-------------------------------- |
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| Present | All | V-는지에 관계없이 | 하다 → 하는지에 관계없이 | ha-neun-ji-e gwan-gye-eop-si | Regardless of whether one does |
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| | | 먹다 → 먹는지에 관계없이 | meok-neun-ji-e gwan-gye-eop-si | Regardless of whether one eats |
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| Past | All | V-았/었는지에 관계없이 | 하다 → 했는지에 관계없이 | haet-neun-ji-e gwan-gye-eop-si | Regardless of whether one did |
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| | | 먹다 → 먹었는지에 관계없이 | meog-eot-neun-ji-e gwan-gye-eop-si | Regardless of whether one ate |
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| Future/Presumptive | All | V-(으)ㄹ지에 관계없이 | 하다 → 할지에 관계없이 | hal-ji-e gwan-gye-eop-si | Regardless of whether one will do |
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| | | 먹다 → 먹을지에 관계없이 | meog-eul-ji-e gwan-gye-eop-si | Regardless of whether one will eat |
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Adjectives:
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| Tense | Stem Ends In | Pattern | Example (Korean) | Example (Romanization) | Meaning |
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| :------------- | :----------- | :--------------------------------------- | :------------------------------- | :----------------------------- | :-------------------------------- |
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| Present | Vowel or ㄹ | A-ㄴ지에 관계없이 | 예쁘다 → 예쁜지에 관계없이 | ye-ppeu-neun-ji-e gwan-gye-eop-si | Regardless of whether it's pretty |
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| | Consonant | A-은지에 관계없이 | 작다 → 작은지에 관계없이 | jag-eun-ji-e gwan-gye-eop-si | Regardless of whether it's small |
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| Past | All | A-았/었는지에 관계없이 | 예쁘다 → 예뻤는지에 관계없이 | ye-ppeot-neun-ji-e gwan-gye-eop-si | Regardless of whether it was pretty |
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| | | 작다 → 작았는지에 관계없이 | jag-at-neun-ji-e gwan-gye-eop-si | Regardless of whether it was small |
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Example (Verb): 네가 동의하는지에 관계없이 우리는 이 계획을 진행할 것이다. (ne-ga dong-ui-ha-neun-ji-e gwan-gye-eop-si u-ri-neun i gye-hoe-geul jin-haeng-hal geo-si-da.) –
Regardless of whether you agree, we will proceed with this plan.
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Example (Adjective): 그 상품이 비쌌는지 쌌는지에 관계없이 환불은 불가합니다. (geu sang-pum-i bi-ssat-neun-ji ssat-neun-ji-e gwan-gye-eop-si hwan-bul-eun bul-ga-hap-ni-da.) –
Refunds are not possible regardless of whether the product was expensive or cheap.
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3. Attaching to Verbs (via -는 것과 관계없이):
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An alternative, and often interchangeable, way to attach to verbs is by nominalizing the verb using -는 것 and then adding 과/와 관계없이. This structure emphasizes the action itself as the irrelevant factor.
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| Tense | Pattern | Example (Korean) | Example (Romanization) | Meaning |
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| :---------- | :---------------------------------- | :---------------------------------------- | :------------------------------------ | :------------------------------------- |
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| Present | V-는 것과 관계없이 | 성공하다 → 성공하는 것과 관계없이 | seong-gong-ha-neun geot-gwa gwan-gye-eop-si | Regardless of succeeding/whether one succeeds |
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| | | 떠나다 → 떠나는 것과 관계없이 | tteo-na-neun geot-gwa gwan-gye-eop-si | Regardless of leaving/whether one leaves |
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| Past | V-(으)ㄴ 것과 관계없이 | 성공하다 → 성공한 것과 관계없이 | seong-gong-han geot-gwa gwan-gye-eop-si | Regardless of having succeeded |
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| | | 떠나다 → 떠난 것과 관계없이 | tteo-nan geot-gwa gwan-gye-eop-si | Regardless of having left |
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Example: 네가 약속을 지키는 것과 관계없이 나는 내 할 일을 할 것이다. (ne-ga yak-sok-eul ji-ki-neun geot-gwa gwan-gye-eop-si na-neun nae hal il-eul hal geo-si-da.) –
Regardless of whether you keep your promise, I will do my part.
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Honorifics: The honorific infix -시- is naturally integrated before the conjugational ending. For example, 오시는지에 관계없이 (o-si-neun-ji-e gwan-gye-eop-si) –
regardless of whether you come (honorific).

When To Use It

-ㄴ/은/는 관계없이 is predominantly used in situations demanding objectivity, formality, and a clear statement of non-contingency. Its application spans various contexts, from official declarations to expressing personal resolve.
1. Formal and Objective Statements: This pattern is ideal for official announcements, legal documents, academic writing, and business communications. It conveys impartiality and the universal applicability of a rule or decision.
  • Example (Official): 저희 기관은 국적 및 인종에 관계없이 모든 지원자를 환영합니다. (jeo-hui gi-gwan-eun guk-jeok mit in-jong-e gwan-gye-eop-si mo-deun ji-won-ja-reul hwan-yeong-hap-ni-da.) –
    Our institution welcomes all applicants, regardless of nationality and race.
    (Formal, 합니다체)
2. Emphasizing Equality and Universality: When you need to stress that a certain condition, right, or rule applies to everyone, without exception or discrimination, -관계없이 is the appropriate choice. This is common in policy statements and ethical codes.
  • Example (Policy): 모든 시민은 소득 수준에 관계없이 기본적인 의료 서비스를 받을 권리가 있습니다. (mo-deun si-min-eun so-deuk su-jun-e gwan-gye-eop-si gi-bon-jeo-gin ui-ryo seo-bi-seu-reul bat-eul gwon-ri-ga it-seup-ni-da.) –
    All citizens have the right to basic medical services, regardless of income level.
3. Expressing Determination or Unwavering Intent: While typically formal, it can also be used to convey a strong personal or collective resolve to proceed with an action, regardless of potential difficulties or external factors. This usage implies that the speaker has thoroughly considered and dismissed the impact of the preceding condition.
  • Example (Determination): 주변의 시선에 관계없이 저는 제 꿈을 향해 나아갈 것입니다. (ju-byeon-ui si-seon-e gwan-gye-eop-si jeo-neun je kkum-eul hyang-hae na-a-gal geo-si-da.) –
    Regardless of how others perceive me, I will move forward towards my dream.
    (Slightly formal, -ㄹ 것입니다)
4. Setting Conditions for Eligibility or Exclusion: It can define boundaries by stating that certain criteria are irrelevant for inclusion or exclusion. This highlights specific non-factors rather than general rules.
  • Example (Eligibility): 학력에 관계없이 실력으로만 평가합니다. (hak-nyeok-e gwan-gye-eop-si sil-lyeok-eu-ro-man pyeong-ga-hap-ni-da.) –
    We evaluate solely based on ability, regardless of academic background.
    (Formal, 합니다체)
In Korean culture, the emphasis on group harmony and collective responsibility often comes with underlying principles of fairness and universal application within defined groups. This grammar point serves to articulate such principles, ensuring transparency and removing ambiguity about what factors are considered when making decisions or establishing rules.

Common Mistakes

Learners frequently encounter difficulties with -ㄴ/은/는 관계없이, primarily due to its similarity to other concessive or contrastive grammatical patterns. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for accurate and natural usage.
1. Confusing with Concessive Clauses (-에도 불구하고, -(으)나, -지만):
This is perhaps the most common pitfall. While both -관계없이 and concessive expressions involve two contrasting ideas, their underlying logic differs significantly.
  • -(으)ㄴ/는 관계없이 (Regardless of / Irrespective of): This pattern states that the preceding condition is irrelevant to the main clause. The main clause's action or state would occur whether or not the condition exists. There's no sense of overcoming or surprising outcome, just non-dependency.
  • Example: 날씨에 관계없이 등산 갈 거야. (nal-ssi-e gwan-gye-eop-si deung-san gal geo-ya.) – "Regardless of the weather, I'm going hiking." (Weather simply doesn't factor into the decision.)
  • -에도 불구하고 (-e-do bul-gu-ha-go, Despite / Even though): This pattern acknowledges a negative or opposing condition, yet the main clause's action or state still occurs. There is a sense of overcoming an obstacle or a surprising outcome given the preceding condition.
  • Example: 날씨가 안 좋음에도 불구하고 등산 갔다. (nal-ssi-ga an joh-eum-e-do bul-gu-ha-go deung-san gat-da.) –
    Even though the weather was bad, I went hiking.
    (The bad weather was an obstacle, but it was overcome.)
  • -지만 (-ji-man, Although / But) & -(으)나 (-(eu)na, Although / But, more formal): These simply connect two clauses, indicating a contrast or opposition between them. They acknowledge both clauses as true, without necessarily dismissing the first's influence entirely.
  • Example: 날씨가 안 좋지만 등산 갈 거야. (nal-ssi-ga an joh-ji-man deung-san gal geo-ya.) – "The weather is bad, but I'm going hiking." (Both facts are presented; the bad weather is acknowledged but doesn't stop the hiking.)
| Feature | -관계없이 | -에도 불구하고 | -지만 / -(으)나 |
| :----------- | :---------------------------------------- | :---------------------------------------- | :-------------------------------------- |
| Core Idea | Condition is irrelevant/no bearing | Action occurs despite condition/obstacle | Simple contrast/opposition |
| Effect | Dismisses condition's impact | Acknowledges and overcomes condition | Connects two contrasting statements |
| Tone | Objective, neutral, formal | Often emphasizes effort, resilience | Neutral, factual contrast |
2. Incorrect Particle Usage for Nouns:
While Korean particles can sometimes be omitted in highly informal speech, strictly adhering to -에 or -(와)과 before 관계없이 when it modifies a noun is crucial for grammatical correctness and formality. Omitting it, such as saying 나이 관계없이 instead of 나이에 관계없이, sounds unpolished and grammatically deficient in standard Korean.
3. Overuse in Casual Speech:
Although grammatically correct, using -관계없이 frequently in very casual, everyday conversations can sound overly formal or stiff. Native speakers often prefer the more colloquial 상관없이 (sang-gwan-eop-si) or simpler constructions like ~해도 괜찮아 ("it's okay even if...") when expressing irrelevance in informal settings. Choose your pattern based on the desired level of formality.
4. Misunderstanding Scope and Attachment:
Ensure that learners correctly identify what 관계없이 is negating the influence of. It always pertains to the element it directly follows (the noun or the -(으)ㄴ지/는지 clause). Misplacing it can alter the meaning or create ungrammatical sentences.

Real Conversations

While -ㄴ/은/는 관계없이 carries a formal tone, it is actively used in various real-world scenarios where clarity, objectivity, or a firm stance is required. Observing its application helps in understanding its natural context.

**1. Business and Professional Communication (Formal 합니다체):

**In the workplace, especially in emails, reports, or official announcements, -관계없이 ensures policies are understood as universally applicable.

- 고객의 요청 내용에 관계없이 모든 문의는 24시간 이내에 답변드릴 예정입니다. (go-gaeg-ui yo-cheong nae-yong-e gwan-gye-eop-si mo-deun mun-ui-neun i-sip-sa-si-gan i-nae-e dap-byeon-deu-ril ye-jeong-im-ni-da.) – "Regardless of the content of the customer's request, all inquiries will be answered within 24 hours."

- 팀원의 경험 유무에 관계없이 동등한 기회가 주어질 것입니다. (tim-won-ui gyeong-heom yu-mu-e gwan-gye-eop-si dong-deung-han gi-hoe-ga ju-eo-jil geo-sim-ni-da.) – "Equal opportunities will be given regardless of team members' experience." (-ㄴ지 from 유무하다 to 유무인지 then shortened)

**2. Public Statements and Media (Formal 합니다체/해요체 or 해체 in headlines):

**Government announcements, news reports, or public campaigns often utilize this pattern to convey impartial information.

- 성별, 연령에 관계없이 누구나 참여할 수 있는 행사입니다. (seong-byeol, yeol-ryeong-e gwan-gye-eop-si nu-gu-na cham-yeo-hal su it-neun haeng-sa-im-ni-da.) –

This is an event anyone can participate in, regardless of gender or age.
(Formal, 해요체)

- 해결책이 쉬운지 어려운지에 관계없이 우리는 최선을 다해야 합니다. (hae-gyeol-chaeg-i swi-un-ji eo-ryeop-neun-ji-e gwan-gye-eop-si u-ri-neun choe-seon-eul da-hae-ya hap-ni-da.) –

Regardless of whether the solution is easy or difficult, we must do our best.
(Formal, 합니다체)

**3. Personal Opinions or Commitments (Slightly less formal 해요체 or 해체):

**While often formal, it can express a determined personal stance in more serious, considered conversations. Even in informal settings, if the speaker wants to sound resolute and objective, this pattern is used.

- 결과가 어떻든 관계없이 후회 없이 도전하고 싶어. (gyeol-gwa-ga eo-tteot-deun gwan-gye-eop-si hu-hoe eop-si do-jeon-ha-go sip-eo.) –

Regardless of how the result turns out, I want to challenge myself without regret.
(Casual, 해체 for 싶어)

- 내 개인적인 감정에 관계없이 이건 맞는 일이야. (nae gae-in-jeo-gin gam-jeong-e gwan-gye-eop-si i-geon mat-neun il-i-ya.) –

Regardless of my personal feelings, this is the right thing to do.
(Casual, 해체)

**4. Academic and Legal Contexts:

**In academic discussions, research papers, or legal texts, -관계없이 is standard for establishing principles or stating facts that are independent of variables.

- 이 연구 결과는 표본의 크기에 관계없이 유효하다고 판단됩니다. (i yeon-gu gyeol-gwa-neun pyo-bon-ui keu-gi-e gwan-gye-eop-si yu-hyo-ha-da-go pan-dan-doep-ni-da.) –

These research results are judged to be valid regardless of sample size.

Quick FAQ

Q: What is the difference between -관계없이 and 상관없이?
상관없이 (sang-gwan-eop-si) is another common expression meaning regardless of or "doesn't matter." The distinction lies primarily in formality and nuance:
  • 관계없이: More formal, objective, and often used in written contexts or official statements. It literally means without relation/connection. It emphasizes the non-existence of a logical or material link.
  • 상관없이: More colloquial and frequently used in spoken Korean. It carries a slightly stronger sense of "I don't care or it doesn't concern me/matter to me.
    상관 (sang-gwan) also means
    relation,« »concern, or relevance."
While often interchangeable in meaning, consider the context and desired tone:
| Feature | 관계없이 | 상관없이 |
| :--------- | :----------------------------------------- | :---------------------------------------- |
| Tone | Formal, objective, neutral, precise | Less formal, more casual, subjective |
| Usage | Official documents, academic papers, formal speeches, policy statements | Everyday conversations, casual writing, expressing personal indifference |
| Nuance | Emphasizes non-dependency, irrelevance of a factor | Emphasizes lack of concern or direct impact, often used to dismiss a consideration |
  • Example (Formal preference): 학력에 관계없이 기회를 제공합니다. (hak-nyeok-e gwan-gye-eop-si gi-hoe-reul je-gong-hap-ni-da.) –
    We provide opportunities regardless of academic background.
    (Sounds professional.)
  • Example (Casual preference): 점수가 좋든 말든 상관없이 그냥 즐기고 싶어. (jeom-su-ga jot-deun mal-deun sang-gwan-eop-si geu-nyang jeul-gi-go sip-eo.) –
    Regardless of whether my score is good or not, I just want to enjoy myself.
    (More natural in casual speech.)
Q: Can -관계없이 stand alone at the beginning of a sentence?
No. Like many Korean conjunctive expressions, -관계없이 must always attach to a preceding noun or clause. It cannot function as an independent adverb like the English
Regardless, I will go.
You must specify what it is regardless of, e.g., 그것에 관계없이 (geu-geos-e gwan-gye-eop-si, Regardless of that...).
Q: Can I use -관계없이 with past tense verbs or adjectives?
Yes, absolutely. The tense is conveyed through the -(으)ㄴ지/는지 or -(으)ㄴ 것과 construction. For instance:
  • 그가 약속을 지켰는지에 관계없이 (geu-ga yak-sok-eul ji-kyeot-neun-ji-e gwan-gye-eop-si) –
    Regardless of whether he kept the promise.
  • 날씨가 좋았는지에 관계없이 (nal-ssi-ga joh-at-neun-ji-e gwan-gye-eop-si) –
    Regardless of whether the weather was good.
  • 내가 말했던 것과 관계없이 (nae-ga mal-haet-deon geot-gwa gwan-gye-eop-si) –
    Regardless of what I had said.
Q: Is there a short or abbreviated form in casual speech?
While -관계없이 itself is formal, in very casual and rapid speech, sometimes the particles might be slightly slurred or reduced, especially when using 상관없이 (e.g., ~랑 상관없이 instead of ~와 상관없이). However, for learners, it is best to practice and use the full, grammatically correct forms to avoid sounding unpolished.
Q: Can it be used with interrogative words like 무엇, 어디, 언제?
Yes, it frequently pairs with interrogative words, usually in the -(으)ㄴ지/는지 form to create phrases like
regardless of what/where/when/how.
  • 무엇을 하든지에 관계없이 (mu-eot-eul ha-deun-ji-e gwan-gye-eop-si) –
    Regardless of what one does.
  • 어디에 있든지에 관계없이 (eo-di-e it-deun-ji-e gwan-gye-eop-si) –
    Regardless of where one is.
  • 언제 시작하는지에 관계없이 (eon-je si-jak-ha-neun-ji-e gwan-gye-eop-si) –
    Regardless of when one starts.
These structures effectively universalize the condition, making the outcome independent of any specific answer to the interrogative.

Formation Table

Noun Particle Pattern Full Phrase
날씨
에
관계없이
날씨에 관계없이
나이
에
상관없이
나이에 상관없이
성별
에
관계없이
성별에 관계없이
학력
에
상관없이
학력에 상관없이
국적
에
관계없이
국적에 관계없이
직업
에
상관없이
직업에 상관없이

Meanings

This pattern indicates that a following action or state is not affected by the preceding noun.

1

Neutral Independence

Indicates that the preceding factor has no influence on the outcome.

“국적에 관계없이 환영합니다.”

“경력에 상관없이 신입도 지원 가능합니다.”

Reference Table

Reference table for 无论 / 不管 (관계없이)
类别 结构 例句 含义
名词
N + 에 관계없이
**나이**에 관계없이
无论**年龄**
动词 (现在时)
V + 는지에 관계없이
**하**는지에 관계없이
无论**做**不做
形容词
A + (으)ㄴ지에 관계없이
**좋**은지에 관계없이
无论**好**不好
过去时
V + 았/었는지에 관계없이
**갔**는지에 관계없이
无论是否**去过**
事实从句
V + 는 사실과 관계없이
**진다**는 사실과 관계없이
无论**输了**这个事实

正式程度

正式
나이에 관계없이 참여해 주십시오.

나이에 관계없이 참여해 주십시오. (Club invitation)

中性
나이에 관계없이 참여하세요.

나이에 관계없이 참여하세요. (Club invitation)

非正式
나이 상관없이 참여해.

나이 상관없이 참여해. (Club invitation)

俚语
나이 따지지 말고 와.

나이 따지지 말고 와. (Club invitation)

관계없이 的核心概念

관계없이

名词形式

  • N + 에 时间, 年龄, 性别

动词形式

  • V + 는지에 无论是否做/去

同义词

  • 상관없이 无关联

관계없이 vs. 불구하고

관계없이 (无论)
忽略条件 完全无视前提条件
客观事实 客观/陈述事实
불구하고 (尽管)
反向结果 结果与条件相反
情感/惊讶 带有惊讶或克服困难的语气

如何构建句子

1

是名词吗？

YES
添加 에 관계없이
NO
转到动词/形容词
2

是动词或形容词吗？

YES
添加 -는지에 관계없이
NO ↓

常用语境

💼

职场招聘

  • • 나이 (年龄)
  • • 성별 (性别)
  • • 경력 (经历)
🤔

日常决策

  • • 가격 (价格)
  • • 날씨 (天气)
  • • 시간 (时间)
免费注册阅读完整解释

按水平分级的例句

1

날씨에 관계없이 가요.

I go regardless of the weather.

1

나이에 관계없이 환영합니다.

We welcome you regardless of age.

1

성별에 상관없이 모두 지원하세요.

Please apply regardless of gender.

1

학력에 관계없이 실력을 중요하게 생각합니다.

We value ability regardless of educational background.

1

개인의 신념에 관계없이 법은 준수되어야 합니다.

The law must be followed regardless of personal beliefs.

1

정치적 입장과 관계없이 우리는 협력해야 합니다.

We must cooperate regardless of political stance.

容易混淆

Regardless of / Irrespective of (-ㄴ/은/는 관계없이) 对比 상관없다 vs 상관없이

Learners mix the predicate 'it doesn't matter' with the adverbial phrase.

Regardless of / Irrespective of (-ㄴ/은/는 관계없이) 对比 관계없이 vs -아/어도

Both express concession.

Regardless of / Irrespective of (-ㄴ/은/는 관계없이) 对比 무관하게 vs 관계없이

Both mean 'regardless of'.

常见错误

✗

날씨 관계없이

✓

날씨에 관계없이

Missing the particle '에' makes it sound slightly incomplete.
✗

가다 관계없이

✓

가는 것에 관계없이

Cannot attach directly to a verb.
✗

관계없이 날씨

✓

날씨에 관계없이

Wrong word order.
✗

관계없다 날씨

✓

날씨에 관계없이

Using the predicate form instead of the adverbial form.
✗

나이 상관없어

✓

나이에 상관없이

Using the sentence-ending form instead of the connective form.
✗

성별 관계없다

✓

성별에 관계없이

Incorrect grammatical function.
✗

학력에 상관없다

✓

학력에 상관없이

Wrong ending for a connective phrase.
✗

비가 오는 관계없이

✓

비가 오는 것과 관계없이

Need to nominalize the clause.
✗

돈에 상관없게

✓

돈에 상관없이

Incorrect adverbial suffix.
✗

관계없이 하다

✓

관계없이 [verb]

It needs to modify a following action.
✗

관계없이의 결과

✓

관계없는 결과

Using the adverbial form as an adjective.

句型

___에 관계없이 모두 환영합니다.

___에 상관없이 결과는 같습니다.

___에 관계없이 행사는 진행됩니다.

___에 상관없이 지원하세요.

Real World Usage

Job Posting very common

학력에 관계없이 지원 가능합니다.

Event Announcement common

날씨에 관계없이 진행합니다.

Legal Document common

국적에 관계없이 법은 적용됩니다.

Social Media occasional

나이 상관없이 친구해요!

Travel Guide common

계절에 관계없이 아름답습니다.

University Policy common

성별에 관계없이 장학금을 줍니다.

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💡

疑问词小窍门

如果你觉得动词结合这个语法很难，就把它想成“疑问词 + 疑问结尾”。比如想说“不管谁做”：«누가» (谁) + «하는지» (做吗？) + «에 관계없이»。
⚠️

别和 비록 混用

虽然中文都翻译成“不管”，但不要把 «비록» (虽然) 和 «관계없이» 放在一起。«비록» 通常和 «불구하고» (尽管) 是一对。«관계없이» 不需要额外的引导词。
💬

正式 vs 随意

在面试或写报告时，请坚持使用 «관계없이»。如果是跟朋友抱怨无论如何都要去听演唱会，用 «상관없이» 或者更直接的 «상관 안 해» (我不在乎) 会更自然。

Smart Tips

Always use '에 관계없이' to sound professional.

나이 상관없음. → 나이에 관계없이 지원 가능합니다.

Use '누구든지' with this pattern.

모두 환영합니다. → 누구든지 관계없이 환영합니다.

Use '상관없이' to show that the choice doesn't matter.

어떤 것을 선택해도 괜찮아요. → 어떤 것을 선택하든 상관없이 괜찮아요.

Use '관계없이' to define scope.

모든 사람에게 적용됩니다. → 신분에 관계없이 모든 사람에게 적용됩니다.

发音

Gwan-gye-eop-si

Liaison

The 'ㄴ' in 관계없이 is pronounced clearly.

Flat

날씨에 관계없이↗

Neutral statement of condition.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of a 'Relationship' (관계) that is 'Without' (없이) a tether.

视觉联想

Imagine a person standing in the rain (날씨) but holding a sign that says 'I don't care!' (관계없이).

Rhyme

Regardless of the weather, we go together, 관계없이 is better!

Story

Min-su wanted to join the club. The sign said 'Regardless of age (나이에 관계없이)'. He felt relieved. He joined, regardless of his lack of experience (경력에 관계없이).

Word Web

관계상관무관조건영향결과

挑战

Write 3 sentences about things you do regardless of the weather.

文化笔记

Used in job postings to signal modern, fair hiring practices.

Used to ensure everyone feels included in events.

Less common; Koreans prefer '상관없어' for casual talk.

Derived from the Sino-Korean words '관계' (relation) and '없다' (not exist).

对话开场白

“

어떤 날씨에 관계없이 여행을 가고 싶나요?

“

나이에 관계없이 배우고 싶은 것이 있나요?

“

성별에 관계없이 가장 존경하는 인물은 누구인가요?

“

직업에 관계없이 친구가 될 수 있다고 생각하나요?

日记主题

Write about a rule you think should apply regardless of age.
Describe your ideal workplace regardless of salary.
Discuss why friendship should exist regardless of background.
Write a short policy for a club regardless of experience.

常见错误

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

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Test Yourself

填空完成句子。

경험___ 관계없이 누구나 환영합니다. (不管有没有经验，我们都欢迎。)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 에
当名词直接连接 «관계없이» 时，我们使用助词 «에»。
哪句话正确表达了“不管时间”？

选择最自然的表达：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 시간에 관계없이
标准结构是：名词 + 에 + 관계없이。
找出句子中别扭的部分并修正。

비가 오다 관계없이 축구를 했어.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 비가 오는 것에 관계없이 축구를 했어.
你不能把 «관계없이» 直接接在动词原形 «오다» 后面。必须把它变成名词性短语 («오는 것») 或疑问从句 («오는지»)。

Score: /3

练习题

8 exercises
Fill in the blank.

나이___ 관계없이 지원하세요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 에
The particle '에' is used here.
Choose the correct form. 多项选择

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 날씨에 관계없이
Adding '에' is the standard form.
Fix the error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

가다에 관계없이 갑니다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 가는 것에 관계없이
Must nominalize the verb.
Reorder the words. Sentence Building

관계없이 / 나이에 / 환영합니다 / 모두

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 나이에 관계없이 모두 환영합니다
Correct word order.
Translate to Korean. 翻译

Regardless of gender.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 성별에 관계없이
Standard noun-particle-pattern.
Match the noun to the phrase. Match Pairs

Match 'Age' with the correct phrase.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 나이에 관계없이
Correct noun match.
Choose the best synonym. 多项选择

What is a synonym for '관계없이'?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 상관없이
Both are adverbial phrases.
Fill in the blank.

___에 상관없이 모두 가능합니다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 직업
The particle '에' is already in the sentence.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

12 exercises
选择正确的助词。 填空

나이___ 관계없이 친구가 될 수 있어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 에
将韩语短语与其对应的中文意思连线。 Match Pairs

连连看：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {"\uacb0\uacfc\uc5d0 \uad00\uacc4\uc5c6\uc774":"\u65e0\u8bba\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4f55","\uc131\ubcc4\uc5d0 \uad00\uacc4\uc5c6\uc774":"\u65e0\u8bba\u6027\u522b","\uc774\uc720\uc5d0 \uad00\uacc4\uc5c6\uc774":"\u65e0\u8bba\u4ec0\u4e48\u7406\u7531"}
将单词排列成正确的句子。 Sentence Reorder

사랑해요 / 관계없이 / 과거에 / 나는 / 당신을

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 나는 과거에 관계없이 당신을 사랑해요
哪个动词形式是正确的？ 多项选择

누가 ___ 관계없이 규칙을 지켜야 합니다. (不管谁在看...)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 보는지에
将“不管价格多少”翻译成韩语。 翻译

不管价格多少

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 가격에 관계없이
修正语法错误。 Error Correction

성적에 상관없어 대학에 갔어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 성적에 상관없이 대학에 갔어요.
完成招聘启事中常用的短语。 填空

학력 ___ 관계없이 지원 가능.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 에
选择最自然的句子。 多项选择

意思：“不管下雨还是下雪...”

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 비나 눈이 오는지에 관계없이...
重新排列句子。 Sentence Reorder

도전하세요 / 나이에 / 관계없이 / 지금

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 지금 나이에 관계없이 도전하세요
填空。 填空

그것은 내 의지___ 관계없이 일어난 일이야. (那件事的发生与我的意志无关。)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 와
选择同义词。 多项选择

哪个词可以和 "관계없이" 互换？

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 상관없이
将短语与适用场景连线。 Match Pairs

这些短语通常在什么情况下使用？

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {"\uad6d\uc801\uc5d0 \uad00\uacc4\uc5c6\uc774":"\u5168\u7403\u7ade\u8d5b","\ub098\uc774\uc5d0 \uad00\uacc4\uc5c6\uc774":"\u62db\u8058\u8001\u5e74\u5458\u5de5","\ub0a0\uc528\uc5d0 \uad00\uacc4\uc5c6\uc774":"\u6237\u5916\u8fd0\u52a8"}

Score: /12

常见问题 (8)

Yes, as long as it makes logical sense.

Yes, they are interchangeable.

It marks the noun as the target of the independence.

Yes, but it sounds a bit formal.

Extremely common.

It's still understood but less natural.

No, the verb stays the same.

Yes, it is standard for formal and neutral speech.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

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In Other Languages

Spanish high

independientemente de

Spanish uses a longer adverbial phrase.

French high

indépendamment de

French is more formal.

German high

unabhängig von

German requires specific case endings.

Japanese very_high

関係なく (kankei naku)

Japanese uses 'naku' instead of 'eopsi'.

Arabic moderate

بغض النظر عن (bighadd al-nazar 'an)

Arabic is more idiomatic.

Chinese moderate

无论 (wúlùn)

Chinese uses a conjunction rather than a noun-particle phrase.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
取决于 / 根据 ( -에 따라 / -에 따라서 )

Learn These First

A1 Requires

现在时：礼貌的“Yo”体 (아/어/여요)

Overview 有没有注意到韩剧对话中几乎每一句都是以那个独特的 `yo` 音结尾的？这绝不是巧合——它是韩语的心跳。如果你只学一种动...

相关视频

中级韩语语法：-에 관계없이 / -는지에 관계없이 YouTube

中级韩语语法：-에 관계없이 / -는지에 관계없이

韩语学习频道
韩语语法精讲：상관없이 vs 관계없이 YouTube

韩语语法精讲：상관없이 vs 관계없이

韩语通
韩语语法：-에 관계없이 / -는지에 관계없이 YouTube

韩语语法：-에 관계없이 / -는지에 관계없이

Learn Korean with GO! Billy Korean

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