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B1 noun 12分钟阅读

eğilim

例句
解析 eğilim in your Level:
At the A1 level, the word 'eğilim' is generally considered too abstract and complex for beginners. A1 learners focus on concrete nouns, basic verbs, and simple sentences about daily life, such as 'I eat,' 'I go,' or 'This is an apple.' The concept of a 'tendency' or a 'trend' requires a level of abstraction that is not necessary for basic survival communication. If an A1 learner needs to express a similar idea, they would typically use simpler structures. For example, instead of saying 'He has a tendency to sleep late' (Onun geç uyuma eğilimi var), an A1 learner would simply say 'He sleeps late every day' (O her gün geç uyur). They rely on adverbs of frequency like 'her zaman' (always) or 'genellikle' (usually) to imply a pattern of behavior, rather than using a specific noun to describe the pattern itself. Therefore, while it is good to recognize the word if you hear it, A1 learners do not need to actively use 'eğilim.' Focus on mastering basic vocabulary and present tense verbs first.
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As learners progress to the A2 level, they start to describe routines, habits, and preferences in more detail. However, 'eğilim' is still a bit advanced for active use at this stage. An A2 learner might start encountering this word in simple news headlines or graded reading materials, especially when topics like 'fashion trends' (moda eğilimleri) or 'shopping habits' are discussed. Still, the primary way an A2 student will express the idea of a tendency is by using the verb 'istemek' (to want) or describing a habit with 'alışkanlık' (habit). For instance, to say 'People tend to buy cheap things,' an A2 learner might say 'İnsanlar ucuz şeyler almak istiyor' (People want to buy cheap things) or 'İnsanlar genellikle ucuz şeyler alır' (People usually buy cheap things). The structural complexity of linking a verb infinitive to 'eğilim' (e.g., alma eğilimi) is typically introduced later. A2 learners should focus on understanding the general meaning of 'eğilim' as 'trend' or 'habit' when they read it, but they are not expected to produce it accurately in complex sentences yet.
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The B1 level is where 'eğilim' becomes a crucial part of your active vocabulary. At this stage, you are expected to express opinions, describe abstract concepts, and discuss general topics like society, economy, and psychology. 'Eğilim' is the perfect tool for this. You learn to move beyond just saying what happens, to describing the *patterns* of what happens. You will learn to use the structure '[verb-me/ma] eğiliminde olmak' to mean 'to tend to do something.' For example, 'İnsanlar stresliyken çok yeme eğilimindedir' (People tend to eat a lot when they are stressed). You will also use it to discuss trends, such as 'artan bir eğilim' (an increasing trend) or 'düşüş eğilimi' (a downward trend). Mastering this word at the B1 level allows you to sound much more natural and analytical. It shows that you can connect ideas and observe patterns, which is a key requirement for intermediate fluency. You will frequently see this word in B1 reading comprehension texts about sociology, health, and current events.
At the B2 level, your use of 'eğilim' becomes more nuanced and sophisticated. You are no longer just using it to describe simple habits; you are using it in professional, academic, and argumentative contexts. You will comfortably distinguish between 'eğilim' (tendency/trend) and its close synonyms like 'yatkınlık' (predisposition) or 'alışkanlık' (habit). You will use complex noun phrases like 'tüketici harcama eğilimleri' (consumer spending trends) or 'siyasi oy verme eğilimleri' (political voting tendencies). Furthermore, you will combine 'eğilim' with a wider variety of verbs and adjectives to create precise descriptions, such as 'belirgin bir eğilim göstermek' (to show a clear tendency) or 'tehlikeli bir eğilime dönüşmek' (to turn into a dangerous trend). At this level, you can fluently debate societal shifts, analyze statistical data in Turkish, and express complex psychological observations. The word 'eğilim' becomes a standard building block in your ability to write formal essays and deliver presentations in Turkish.
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In the C1 level, 'eğilim' is deeply integrated into your advanced vocabulary, and you use it with native-like intuition. You understand the subtle cultural and contextual weights of the word. You can effortlessly switch between 'eğilim', 'temayül' (for a more bureaucratic or formal tone), and 'trend' (for a modern, corporate tone) depending on your audience. You use it in highly abstract philosophical or sociological discussions. For instance, you might discuss 'insan doğasındaki şiddet eğilimi' (the tendency for violence in human nature) or 'küresel piyasalardaki daralma eğilimi' (the contraction trend in global markets). You are also adept at using it in complex passive structures and subordinate clauses. At C1, you don't just know what the word means; you know exactly how it shapes the tone of your sentence, making your Turkish sound educated, precise, and highly articulate. It is a fundamental term for reading advanced literature, academic papers, and high-level journalism.
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At the C2 level of mastery, your command of 'eğilim' is indistinguishable from a highly educated native speaker. You can play with the word, use it in creative or unconventional contexts, and understand its historical etymology (from 'eğilmek' - to bend) to appreciate its metaphorical depth. You can dissect complex arguments where 'eğilim' is used to manipulate statistical data or frame political narratives. You are comfortable with archaic or highly specialized variations of the concept. Your writing flows naturally, utilizing 'eğilim' to construct elegant, complex arguments about the human condition, macro-economics, or global geopolitical shifts. You recognize when an author is using 'eğilim' to soften a definitive statement (hedging) or to highlight an undeniable pattern. At this ultimate level of proficiency, the word is merely one of many precise instruments in your vast linguistic toolkit, used flawlessly to articulate the most intricate and abstract ideas possible in the Turkish language.
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例句
The Turkish word "eğilim" is a highly versatile and frequently used noun that fundamentally translates to "tendency," "inclination," or "trend" in English. Understanding this word requires looking at its morphological root. It derives from the verb "eğilmek," which means "to bend," "to lean," or "to bow." When you add the suffix "-im," which is used in Turkish to create a noun representing the result or the act of a verb, you get "eğilim." Therefore, in a very literal sense, "eğilim" means a "bending" or a "leaning" towards something. Metaphorically, this physical leaning is translated into a psychological, social, or statistical leaning. When a person has a psychological "eğilim," they have a natural propensity or inclination to behave in a certain way, make specific choices, or favor particular ideas. When a society or a market has an "eğilim," it indicates a general direction in which things are moving, which we commonly call a "trend" in English. You will encounter this word in a vast array of contexts, ranging from casual conversations about personal habits to highly academic discussions regarding economic forecasts and sociological shifts.
Psychological Context
In psychology, it refers to a person's innate or acquired disposition to act in a certain way, often used when discussing habits, addictions, or natural talents.

İnsanların zor zamanlarda tatlı yemeye bir eğilimi vardır.

Economic Context
In economics and finance, it is the direct translation of "trend," indicating whether prices, inflation, or market values are generally going up or down over a specific period.

Piyasalarda son günlerde belirgin bir düşüş eğilimi gözlemleniyor.

Sociological Context
Sociologists use it to describe shifts in cultural norms, fashion, consumer behavior, or political leanings within a large population.

Gençler arasında dijital mesleklere doğru büyük bir eğilim var.

Bu yılki moda eğilimleri oldukça renkli ve canlı.

Şiddete eğilimi olan bireyler özel destek almalıdır.

The beauty of "eğilim" lies in its ability to bridge the gap between human psychology and mathematical statistics. When you say someone has a "suç eğilimi" (criminal tendency), you are talking about their individual psychological makeup. However, when you say there is an "enflasyon eğilimi" (inflationary trend), you are talking about macro-economic data points. It is a word that effortlessly scales from the micro level of individual human behavior to the macro level of global societal shifts. English speakers learning Turkish will find this word incredibly useful once they reach the B1 level, as it allows them to express more complex thoughts about habits, patterns, and directions of change. Instead of simply saying "He always does this" (O hep bunu yapar), you can elevate your Turkish by saying "He has a tendency to do this" (Bunu yapma eğiliminde). This not only sounds more natural but also demonstrates a higher level of language proficiency. It is a key vocabulary word for anyone looking to read Turkish news, understand Turkish financial reports, or engage in deep conversations about human nature and society.
Using "eğilim" correctly in sentences requires understanding its grammatical behavior and the common structures it forms. As a noun, it can take all the standard Turkish noun cases (eğilimi, eğilime, eğilimde, eğilimden) and possessive suffixes (eğilimim, eğilimin, eğilimi). The most common way to use this word is to describe what the tendency is *towards*. In Turkish, this is usually achieved by using the dative case (-e/-a) on the target noun, followed by "eğilim." For example, "şiddete eğilim" (tendency towards violence) or "sanata eğilim" (inclination towards art).
Using with Verbs
When the tendency involves an action, you use the short infinitive form of the verb (verb + ma/me) with the possessive compound structure. For instance, "yalan söyleme eğilimi" (the tendency to lie).

İnsanların bilmedikleri şeylerden korkma eğilimi vardır.

The "Eğiliminde Olmak" Structure
This structure is formed by taking the noun or verb phrase, adding "eğiliminde," and then conjugating the verb "olmak" (to be). It translates precisely to "tends to."

Hükümet, vergileri artırma eğiliminde görünüyor.

Describing Trends
When used to mean "trend," it is often modified by adjectives that describe the nature of the trend, such as "genel" (general), "artan" (increasing), or "azalan" (decreasing).

Dünya genelinde sağlıklı beslenmeye doğru bir eğilim var.

Hastanın ateşi düşme eğilimi gösteriyor.

Bu yazarın son kitaplarında melankoliye bir eğilim seziliyor.

Another crucial grammatical aspect is how "eğilim" interacts with pluralization. You can easily say "eğilimler" (tendencies/trends). This is particularly common in fields like sociology or market research where multiple trends are being analyzed simultaneously. For example, "tüketici eğilimleri" means "consumer trends." When constructing sentences, pay close attention to the noun compound rules. Because "eğilim" is often the second word in a compound noun (like artış eğilimi - trend of increase), it takes the third-person singular possessive suffix -(s)i. Mastering these structures will significantly enhance your ability to write formal essays, business reports, or simply have more sophisticated debates in Turkish. It transforms a basic sentence into an analytical statement, allowing you to discuss the underlying patterns of behavior rather than just the isolated actions themselves. It is a hallmark of upper-intermediate language proficiency to use abstract nouns like "eğilim" correctly with their associated verbs and cases.
The word "eğilim" is ubiquitous in modern Turkish, but its frequency spikes dramatically depending on the context. It is not necessarily a word you will hear children shouting on a playground, but it is a word you cannot avoid if you watch the evening news, read a newspaper, or attend a university lecture. Understanding the domains where this word thrives will help you anticipate its usage and comprehend the broader conversation.
News and Media
News anchors and journalists love the word "eğilim." It is the perfect term for describing shifts in public opinion, election polling, and societal changes without making absolute claims.

Seçmen eğilimleri son anketlerde değişmeye başladı.

Finance and Economics
If you tune into a Turkish economy channel, "eğilim" will be used interchangeably with the English loanword "trend." Analysts discuss the tendencies of markets, currencies, and inflation rates constantly.

Dolar kurunda yukarı yönlü bir eğilim bekleniyor.

Psychology and Healthcare
Therapists, doctors, and psychologists use it to discuss patient behaviors, genetic predispositions to certain conditions, or mental health patterns.

Ailesinde diyabet eğilimi olanlar dikkatli beslenmelidir.

Çocuklarda teknoloji bağımlılığına ciddi bir eğilim saptandı.

Yeni nesil tüketicilerin çevre dostu ürünlere eğilimi artıyor.

Furthermore, in the corporate world, "eğilim" is a buzzword in marketing and product development. Companies conduct extensive research to understand "tüketici eğilimleri" (consumer trends) to tailor their products. In academic writing, regardless of the specific discipline, "eğilim" is used to describe patterns in data or literature. It is a mature, analytical word. While you might use simpler words like "istek" (desire) or "alışkanlık" (habit) in casual chats, switching to "eğilim" instantly elevates the formality and precision of your speech. It implies that the behavior or movement you are describing is not just a random occurrence, but part of a larger, identifiable pattern. Therefore, if you are preparing for a proficiency exam like the TÖMER, or if you plan to work in a professional environment in Turkey, mastering the contexts in which "eğilim" appears is absolutely essential for your linguistic success.
Even advanced learners of Turkish can stumble when using "eğilim," primarily because it sits at the crossroads of several similar concepts in English, such as "trend," "habit," "desire," and "direction." The most common mistakes usually involve confusing "eğilim" with other Turkish nouns that have overlapping, but distinct, meanings. Understanding these boundaries is crucial for accurate expression.
Confusing Eğilim with Alışkanlık
"Alışkanlık" means "habit." A habit is an established, repeated behavior. "Eğilim" is a tendency or inclination, which means the potential or likelihood to do something, but it is not necessarily a fully formed habit yet.

Yanlış: Her sabah kahve içme eğilimim var. (Doğru: alışkanlığım var)

Confusing Eğilim with Yön
"Yön" strictly means "direction" (like North, South, left, right). While a trend (eğilim) has a direction, you cannot use "eğilim" to ask for physical directions or describe the physical trajectory of an object.

Yanlış: Araba kuzey eğilimine gitti. (Doğru: yönüne gitti)

Incorrect Prepositions/Cases
English speakers often try to translate "tendency OF something" directly. In Turkish, you usually have a tendency TOWARDS something (using the dative case -e/-a) or you use a noun compound.

Yanlış: Şiddetin eğilimi (Doğru: Şiddete eğilim)

Olayları abartma eğiliminde olduğunu kabul etmelisin.

Piyasadaki bu yeni eğilim kalıcı olacak mı?

Another subtle mistake is overusing "eğilim" when a simpler word like "istek" (desire/want) would suffice. If you simply want to eat a piece of cake right now, you have an "istek," not an "eğilim." An "eğilim" implies a broader, more consistent pattern of behavior. You have a "tendency" to eat cake when you are stressed, but a "desire" to eat cake at this exact moment. Recognizing this distinction of scale and consistency is what separates a B1 learner from a C1 speaker. By paying attention to these nuances—avoiding confusion with habits, using the correct dative case, and reserving the word for actual patterns rather than fleeting desires—you will ensure that your use of "eğilim" sounds natural, precise, and sophisticated to native Turkish speakers.
The Turkish language is incredibly rich when it comes to expressing nuances of behavior, direction, and preference. While "eğilim" is the most standard and versatile word for "tendency" or "trend," there are several other words that native speakers use depending on the exact flavor of meaning they wish to convey. Exploring these alternatives not only expands your vocabulary but also helps you understand the precise boundaries of "eğilim" itself. Let's delve into the most common synonyms and related terms.
Yatkınlık
This word translates closest to "predisposition" or "aptitude." While "eğilim" can be a choice or a societal trend, "yatkınlık" often implies an innate, natural, or genetic leaning. For example, a genetic predisposition to a disease is a "genetik yatkınlık," not usually a "genetik eğilim." Similarly, a natural talent for music is a "müziğe yatkınlık."

Onun yabancı dil öğrenmeye büyük bir yatkınlığı var.

Trend
This is a direct loanword from English. In modern, especially corporate or fashion-related Turkish, "trend" is used interchangeably with "eğilim." However, "trend" is strictly used for societal, market, or fashion movements. You would never say a person has a psychological "trend" to lie; you must use "eğilim" there.

Bu yazın en büyük trendi fosforlu renkler.

Temayül
This is an older, Arabic-origin word that means exactly the same thing as "eğilim." Today, it sounds quite formal, bureaucratic, or slightly archaic. You will mostly hear it in legal contexts, older literature, or very formal political discourse (e.g., "temayül yoklaması" - a preliminary polling to gauge tendencies within a political party).

Parti içindeki temayül değişime işaret ediyor.

Toplumda giderek artan bir muhafazakarlaşma yönelimi var.

Çalışanların evden çalışmaya karşı güçlü bir meyli bulunuyor.

Other words like "yönelim" (orientation/direction) and "meyil" (inclination, another Arabic origin word) are also close cousins. "Yönelim" is often used for sexual orientation (cinsel yönelim) or career orientation. By understanding this web of related words, you can choose the exact term that fits your context. "Eğilim" remains the safest, most widely understood, and most versatile choice for the English concepts of "tendency" and "trend" in everyday modern Turkish.
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按水平分级的例句

1

O genellikle geç kalır.

He usually arrives late. (Using adverbs instead of 'eğilim')

A1 uses adverbs of frequency (genellikle) instead of abstract nouns like 'eğilim'.

2

Ben tatlı severim.

I like sweets.

Simple present tense for preferences.

3

İnsanlar yazın denize gider.

People go to the sea in summer.

Stating general facts.

4

O çok konuşur.

He talks a lot.

Describing a habit simply.

5

Bebekler çok ağlar.

Babies cry a lot.

Simple present for typical behavior.

6

Kediler uyumayı sever.

Cats like to sleep.

Basic sentence structure.

7

Kışın hava soğuk olur.

The weather is cold in winter.

General truth.

8

Ben her sabah kahve içerim.

I drink coffee every morning.

Expressing a routine.

1

Onun çok yemek yeme alışkanlığı var.

He has a habit of eating a lot.

Using 'alışkanlık' (habit) as a stepping stone to 'eğilim'.

2

Gençler yeni telefonlar almak istiyor.

Young people want to buy new phones.

Describing a trend using 'istemek' (to want).

3

Bu yıl kırmızı renk çok moda.

Red color is very fashionable this year.

Describing a fashion trend simply.

4

İnsanlar genellikle ucuz ürünleri seçer.

People generally choose cheap products.

Using 'genellikle' to show a tendency.

5

O, stresli olduğu zaman çok konuşuyor.

When he is stressed, he talks a lot.

Linking behavior to a condition.

6

Spor yapmak sağlığa iyi gelir.

Doing sports is good for health.

General statement about behavior and outcome.

7

Herkes yaz tatilini bekliyor.

Everyone is waiting for the summer holiday.

A common societal desire.

8

Benim erken uyuma alışkanlığım yok.

I don't have a habit of sleeping early.

Negative habit description.

1

İnsanların kolaya kaçma eğilimi vardır.

People have a tendency to take the easy way out.

Using 'eğilimi vardır' (has a tendency).

2

Fiyatlarda bir artış eğilimi var.

There is an upward trend in prices.

Noun compound: 'artış eğilimi'.

3

Olayları abartma eğiliminde.

He tends to exaggerate events.

Using the 'eğiliminde' structure.

4

Son yıllarda spora doğru bir eğilim başladı.

In recent years, a trend towards sports has started.

Using dative case + doğru (towards).

5

Toplumun genel eğilimi bu yönde.

The general tendency of the society is in this direction.

Using adjectives like 'genel' (general).

6

Çocukların tatlıya eğilimi doğaldır.

Children's inclination towards sweets is natural.

Dative case with 'eğilim' (tatlıya).

7

Bu hastalıkta ateşi yükselme eğilimi gösterir.

In this disease, the fever shows a tendency to rise.

Using 'eğilim göstermek' (to show a tendency).

8

Tüketici eğilimleri hızla değişiyor.

Consumer trends are changing rapidly.

Plural form 'eğilimler' in a business context.

1

Ekonomik kriz dönemlerinde tasarruf eğilimi artar.

During economic crisis periods, the propensity to save increases.

Academic/Economic vocabulary context.

2

Şirketler, değişen tüketici eğilimlerine ayak uydurmak zorundadır.

Companies have to keep up with changing consumer trends.

Complex sentence with 'ayak uydurmak' (to keep up).

3

Sanatçının son eserlerinde karamsarlığa belirgin bir eğilim var.

There is a clear inclination towards pessimism in the artist's recent works.

Using adjectives like 'belirgin' (clear/obvious).

4

İklim değişikliği, aşırı hava olaylarında artış eğilimi yaratıyor.

Climate change is creating an increasing trend in extreme weather events.

Scientific context.

5

Genetik yatkınlık ile çevresel eğilimler birbirini etkiler.

Genetic predisposition and environmental tendencies affect each other.

Distinguishing between 'yatkınlık' and 'eğilim'.

6

Hükümetin otoriterleşme eğiliminde olduğu iddia ediliyor.

It is claimed that the government tends to become authoritarian.

Passive voice reporting (iddia ediliyor).

7

İnsan psikolojisi, olumsuz haberlere daha fazla odaklanma eğilimindedir.

Human psychology tends to focus more on negative news.

Psychological context.

8

Piyasadaki dalgalanmalar, yatırımcıların riskten kaçınma eğilimini güçlendirdi.

Market fluctuations strengthened the investors' tendency to avoid risk.

Financial context with complex object.

1

Postmodern edebiyatta, anlatıcının güvenilirliğini sarsma yönünde güçlü bir eğilim gözlemlenir.

In postmodern literature, a strong tendency to undermine the narrator's reliability is observed.

Literary analysis context.

2

Demografik veriler, yaşlanan nüfusun muhafazakar politikalara yönelme eğilimini doğruluyor.

Demographic data confirms the tendency of an aging population to lean towards conservative policies.

Sociological and demographic analysis.

3

Merkez bankasının faiz kararı, enflasyonist eğilimleri dizginlemeyi amaçlıyor.

The central bank's interest rate decision aims to curb inflationary trends.

Macro-economic terminology (enflasyonist eğilimler).

4

Bireylerin grup içi normlara uyma eğilimi, sosyal psikolojinin temel araştırma konularındandır.

The tendency of individuals to conform to in-group norms is one of the fundamental research topics of social psychology.

Academic psychology context.

5

Küreselleşme karşıtı eğilimler, yerel ekonomilerin korunması argümanından beslenmektedir.

Anti-globalization trends are fed by the argument of protecting local economies.

Political science terminology.

6

Teknolojik determinizm, toplumsal değişimi salt teknolojik gelişmelere bağlama eğilimi taşıdığı için eleştirilir.

Technological determinism is criticized for carrying the tendency to attribute social change solely to technological developments.

Philosophical and sociological critique.

7

Yargı kararlarındaki bu yeni temayül, hukuki öngörülebilirliği zedelemektedir.

This new tendency in judicial decisions is damaging legal predictability.

Using the formal synonym 'temayül' in a legal context.

8

Tarihsel süreç incelendiğinde, imparatorlukların genişleme ve ardından çöküş eğilimi sergiledikleri aşikardır.

When the historical process is examined, it is obvious that empires exhibit a tendency of expansion and subsequent collapse.

Historical analysis.

1

Toplumsal histerinin temelinde, kitlelerin rasyonel düşünceden ziyade duygusal hezeyanlara kapılma eğilimi yatar.

At the root of social hysteria lies the tendency of the masses to be caught up in emotional delusions rather than rational thought.

Highly abstract sociological observation.

2

Ontolojik güvensizlik, modern insanın varoluşsal bir boşluğa sürüklenme eğilimini ivmelendiren başlıca faktördür.

Ontological insecurity is the primary factor accelerating modern man's tendency to drift into an existential void.

Philosophical and existential discourse.

3

Makroekonomik dengesizlikler, spekülatif sermaye hareketlerinin yıkıcı eğilimlerini daha da belirginleştirir.

Macroeconomic imbalances make the destructive tendencies of speculative capital movements even more pronounced.

Advanced economic theory.

4

Dilin evrimi, karmaşık yapıların zamanla basitleşme eğilimi göstermesi paradigması üzerinden okunabilir.

The evolution of language can be read through the paradigm that complex structures show a tendency to simplify over time.

Linguistic analysis.

5

Sanatsal avangard, yerleşik estetik normları yıkma eğilimini bir varoluş koşulu olarak içselleştirmiştir.

The artistic avant-garde has internalized the tendency to destroy established aesthetic norms as a condition of existence.

Art history and theory.

6

Nöroplastisite çalışmaları, beynin çevresel uyaranlara göre yapısal olarak yeniden şekillenme eğilimini kanıtlamaktadır.

Neuroplasticity studies prove the brain's tendency to structurally reshape itself according to environmental stimuli.

Neuroscience terminology.

7

Epistemolojik krizler, hakikat arayışının yerini rölativist sapmalara bırakma eğilimini doğurur.

Epistemological crises give rise to the tendency for the pursuit of truth to be replaced by relativist deviations.

Advanced epistemology.

8

Hegemonik güçlerin, çevre ülkeleri uydulaştırma eğilimi, uluslararası ilişkiler disiplininin kadim bir tartışma konusudur.

The tendency of hegemonic powers to satelliteize peripheral countries is an ancient topic of debate in the discipline of international relations.

International relations theory.

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