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A2 verb 8分钟阅读

kırmak

开始练习例句笔记与提示 kırmak 30秒了解

解析 kırmak in your Level:

At the A1 level, 'kırmak' is introduced as a basic action verb related to physical objects in the immediate environment. Students learn it primarily in the context of accidents in the kitchen or house. For example, 'Bardağı kırdım' (I broke the glass). At this stage, the focus is on the simple past tense and the present continuous tense. Learners should understand that 'kırmak' requires an object. You don't just 'break' in a vacuum; you break a plate, a toy, or a pencil. The grammar focus is on the accusative case suffix (-i, -ı, -u, -ü) which must be attached to the object being broken. A1 learners also encounter the word in very basic social contexts like 'Kalbimi kırdın' (You broke my heart), which is a common phrase even in early language acquisition due to its frequency in songs and basic conversations. The goal at A1 is to correctly identify the verb and use it for physical objects without confusing it with 'to fall' (düşmek) or 'to lose' (kaybetmek).

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At the A2 level, learners expand their use of 'kırmak' to include more common idioms and social interactions. This is where the distinction between physical breaking and emotional hurting becomes more nuanced. A2 students learn to use 'kırmak' in the negative and imperative forms, such as 'Lütfen tabağı kırma' (Please don't break the plate) or 'Onun kalbini kırma' (Don't hurt his/her feelings). The vocabulary expands to include objects like 'dal' (branch), 'oyuncak' (toy), and 'yumurta' (egg). A2 learners also start to see 'kırmak' in the context of simple 'breaking' of routines or patterns, although this is still limited. The focus is on building confidence with vowel harmony in the accusative case and understanding the difference between 'kırmak' (to break something) and 'kırılmak' (to be broken/to get offended). At this stage, learners should be able to describe a simple accident using a sequence of verbs, like 'Bardağı düşürdüm ve kırdım' (I dropped the glass and broke it).

By B1, 'kırmak' enters the realm of sports, achievements, and more complex social metaphors. Learners are expected to use the verb to talk about 'breaking records' (rekor kırmak). This is a vital part of news and media literacy. Additionally, B1 students learn the idiomatic use of 'kırmak' in 'fiyat kırmak' (to lower the price), which is essential for navigating Turkish markets and bazaars. The grammar becomes more complex as learners use 'kırmak' in subordinate clauses, such as 'Kırdığın bardağı temizle' (Clean the glass that you broke). The emotional use of the verb also deepens; learners understand that 'kırılmak' (the passive/reflexive form) also means 'to be offended'. So, 'Sana kırıldım' means 'I am offended/hurt by you'. This is a crucial distinction for intermediate social interaction. B1 learners also start to encounter 'kırmak' in the context of turning a vehicle, such as 'Direksiyonu sağa kırdı' (He turned the wheel to the right).

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At the B2 level, 'kırmak' is used in more abstract and formal contexts. Learners explore the verb's role in breaking resistance, breaking a fast (oruç kırmak - though 'açmak' is more common, 'kırmak' appears in literature), or breaking a spell of bad luck. The idiom 'şeytanın bacağını kırmak' (to break the devil's leg, meaning to finally succeed or break a streak of bad luck) is a classic B2-level cultural nugget. Learners also study the use of 'kırmak' in financial and economic contexts more deeply, such as 'piyasayı kırmak' (to undercut the market). The focus shifts to stylistic variety; instead of always using 'kırmak', the student learns when 'parçalamak' or 'tahrip etmek' might be more appropriate. B2 students should be able to write essays or give presentations where 'kırmak' is used to describe overcoming social barriers or breaking through glass ceilings in a professional environment.

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C1 learners master the most subtle and literary uses of 'kırmak'. This includes understanding the verb in historical texts or high-level journalism where it might refer to 'kırım' (slaughter/massacre - derived from the same root) or the 'breaking' of a political alliance. The nuances of 'pot kırmak' (to make a social gaffe/faux pas) are explored in detail, including the social consequences and how to recover from one. At this level, the learner uses 'kırmak' to describe complex physical phenomena, like light refraction (ışığın kırılması), though that is technically the passive form. The C1 student can use the verb in complex hypothetical sentences: 'Eğer bu ön yargıları kırabilirsek, toplumca ilerleyebiliriz' (If we can break these prejudices, we can progress as a society). The emphasis is on the metaphorical 'breaking' of abstract structures like traditions, systems, and ideologies.

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At the C2 level, 'kırmak' is a tool for philosophical and poetic expression. The learner understands the deepest etymological roots and how the verb has evolved in different Turkic dialects. They can appreciate the use of 'kırmak' in classical Ottoman-influenced poetry where it might represent the 'breaking' of the soul or the 'shattering' of the ego. The C2 speaker uses the verb with total precision, choosing it over synonyms to convey specific shades of meaning, such as the difference between 'mizacını kırmak' (to soften one's temperament) and 'iradesini kırmak' (to break someone's will). They are comfortable with all idiomatic expressions, including rare or regional ones, and can use them naturally in high-stakes professional or academic environments. At this stage, 'kırmak' is no longer just a verb; it is a versatile conceptual building block used to describe the fundamental human experience of change, destruction, and breakthrough.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

kırmak 30秒了解

Primary verb for 'to break' or 'to shatter' solid objects like glass, wood, or bone.
Commonly used metaphorically to mean 'to hurt someone's feelings' (kalp kırmak).
Essential in sports for 'breaking records' and in markets for 'breaking prices'.
Must be distinguished from 'bozmak', which is used for mechanical or electronic failures.

The Turkish verb kırmak is a cornerstone of the language, primarily translating to 'to break' in English. However, its utility extends far beyond the simple physical destruction of an object. To understand kırmak, one must envision the act of forceful separation or the sudden cessation of a state. Whether you are accidentally dropping a porcelain teacup or metaphorically shattering someone's expectations, this verb is your primary tool. It sits at the heart of daily Turkish life, from the kitchen to the boardroom, and even in the most sensitive romantic conversations.

Physical Destruction: This is the most direct use. It refers to hard objects like glass, wood, or stone snapping or shattering. Unlike the English 'to break' which can apply to a broken computer (which in Turkish is bozulmak), kırmak implies a physical change in the integrity of the material. If a window is hit by a ball, it is kırıldı (it was broken).

Emotional Impact: Turkish culture places a high value on social harmony and the 'heart' (kalp/gönül). Thus, kalp kırmak (to break a heart) is a very common expression. It doesn't just mean breaking up; it means hurting someone's feelings, being rude, or disappointing them deeply. It is a social transgression that often requires a formal apology.

Dün akşam yanlışlıkla en sevdiğim bardağı kırdım.

Beyond these, kırmak is used in sports (breaking a record), in finance (breaking a price/discounting), and even in navigation (breaking the steering wheel, meaning to turn sharply). It is a verb of decisive action. When you 'break' a price in a Turkish bazaar, you are performing a fiyat kırma. When a driver turns the wheel suddenly to avoid a cat, they direksiyonu kırar. This versatility makes it one of the top 100 verbs every learner must master. It captures the essence of change—sometimes destructive, sometimes competitive, and sometimes necessary for redirection.

Lütfen beni yanlış anlama, amacım seni kırmak değildi.

Numerical and Abstract Contexts: In mathematics or statistics, kırmak can refer to breaking down a number or a trend. In social contexts, it can mean breaking a spell or a long-standing tradition (şeytanın bacağını kırmak). It is a verb that signals a transition from one state to a vastly different one.

Using kırmak correctly involves understanding its transitivity. It is a transitive verb, meaning it almost always takes a direct object in the accusative case (-i, -ı, -u, -ü). You don't just 'break'; you break 'something'. This 'something' is the target of the action, whether it is a physical object or an abstract concept.

The Accusative Case Requirement: When you specify what you broke, you must use the accusative suffix. For example, 'I broke the plate' is Tabağı kırdım. Without the 'ı', the sentence feels incomplete or refers to 'plate-breaking' as a general activity rather than a specific event.

Çocuk oyun oynarken pencereyi kırdı.

Tense usage with kırmak is straightforward. In the past tense (kırdım), it often implies an accident or a completed feat. In the present continuous (kırıyorum), it might describe an ongoing process like breaking walnuts (ceviz kırıyorum). In the future tense (kıracağım), it often carries a tone of warning or intent. For example, Bunu yaparsan kalbini kıracağım (If you do this, I will break your heart) is a common emotional warning.

Sporcu dünya rekorunu kırmak için çok çalıştı.

Compound Structures: Turkish often uses kırmak in compound verb structures. For instance, kırıp dökmek (to break and spill) literally means to cause a mess or figuratively to act roughly and hurt people's feelings in a spree of anger. Understanding these pairings helps you sound more like a native speaker.

In Turkey, kırmak echoes through various corridors of life. If you are in a bustling Turkish bazaar (çarşı), you will hear customers asking shopkeepers to 'break the price' (Fiyatı biraz kırar mısınız?). This isn't an insult; it's the opening move of a traditional negotiation. The shopkeeper might respond by 'breaking' the price just a little to show goodwill.

Pazarlık yaparken satıcı fiyatı biraz kırdı.

In domestic settings, the sound of a glass hitting the floor is almost always followed by the exclamation 'Eyvah, kırıldı!' (Oh no, it's broken!). Interestingly, if a glass breaks during a happy occasion, some might say 'Nazar çıktı' (The evil eye has left), suggesting the breaking of the object absorbed bad energy. You'll also hear kırmak in the kitchen when preparing snacks; fındık kırmak (breaking hazelnuts) or ceviz kırmak (breaking walnuts) are common winter activities while watching television.

Sports Journalism: Headline writers love this word. 'Rekor kırdı!' (He/She broke the record!) is a standard headline for any athletic achievement. It conveys a sense of power and overcoming a barrier that was once thought unbreakable.

Şeytanın bacağını kırdık ve sonunda maçı kazandık!

Finally, in more rural or traditional settings, you might hear kırmak used for folding branches or even herding animals (turning them in a certain direction). The word is rugged, versatile, and deeply embedded in the physical and emotional landscape of Turkey.

For English speakers, the biggest trap is using kırmak for everything that 'breaks'. English is very flexible with the word 'break', but Turkish is more specific. If your car or your phone stops working, do NOT use kırmak. If you say Telefonumu kırdım, a Turk will think you smashed the screen or snapped the phone in half. If the software just crashed, you should use bozulmak.

Kırmak vs. Bozulmak: Use kırmak for physical shattering or snapping (glass, wood, bone). Use bozulmak for mechanical or electronic failure (engines, computers, elevators) or for food going bad (spoiling).

Yanlış: Televizyon kırıldı (unless you hit it with a hammer). Doğru: Televizyon bozuldu.

Another mistake is forgetting the accusative case. Since kırmak is a transitive verb, saying Bardak kırdım (I broke glass/a glass) is grammatically okay but often sounds like you are a professional glass-breaker. Usually, you mean Bardağı kırdım (I broke the glass). Pay attention to those vowel harmony rules!

Confusion with 'Parçalamak': Parçalamak means to tear into pieces or shred. Use kırmak for hard things and parçalamak for things like paper, meat, or cloth. If you 'kırmak' a piece of paper, you are actually folding it or creasing it, not necessarily tearing it.

While kırmak is the general term for breaking, Turkish offers a rich palette of alternatives that provide more precision depending on the material and the intensity of the action. Choosing the right one will make your Turkish sound sophisticated and accurate.

Parçalamak: Meaning 'to shatter into many pieces' or 'to tear apart'. If kırmak is breaking a stick in two, parçalamak is running it through a wood chipper. It is much more violent and thorough.

Çatlatmak: Meaning 'to crack'. Use this when the object hasn't fully separated but has a visible line of damage. For example, Bardağı çatlattım (I cracked the glass) implies it's still in one piece but ruined.

Odunları baltayla yarmak daha kolaydır.

In a metaphorical sense, if you want to say someone 'broke' your spirit or 'crushed' you, you might use ezmek (to crush) or yıkmak (to demolish/destroy). Yıkmak is particularly common for breaking someone's dreams or hopes (hayallerini yıkmak). While kalp kırmak is about feelings, hayal yıkmak is about the total destruction of a vision for the future.

Fırtına ağacın dallarını kopardı.

Finally, for 'breaking off' a piece of bread or a flower, use koparmak. This implies a pulling or plucking motion rather than a shattering one. Learning these distinctions will help you navigate Turkish with the precision of a native speaker.

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

The word 'kırım' (meaning massacre) comes from the same root 'kır-', reflecting the violent history of the word's application to human life.

发音指南

UK /kɯɾˈmak/

US /kərˈmɑk/

The stress is on the second syllable: kır-MAK.

押韵词

Vurmak (to hit) Kurmak (to set up) Durmak (to stop) Sormak (to ask) Yormak (to tire) Burmak (to twist) Germek (to stretch - slant rhyme) Vermek (to give - slant rhyme)

常见错误

Pronouncing 'ı' like English 'ee' (long i). It should be a neutral, back vowel.
Over-rolling the 'r'. It is a single tap, not a trill.
Pronouncing 'mak' as 'mack'. The 'a' should be deeper, as in 'father'.

难度评级

阅读 2/5

Easy to recognize in texts but requires context to know if literal or metaphorical.

写作 3/5

Requires correct use of the accusative case and vowel harmony.

口语 2/5

Commonly used, easy to pronounce, very useful for daily needs.

听力 2/5

Clear pronunciation, usually easy to catch in conversation.

接下来学什么

前置知识

Bardak Kalp Düşmek Yapmak Bozmak

接下来学习

Kırılmak Parçalamak Çatlatmak Tamir etmek İncitmek

高级

Refraksiyon Hegemonya Tabu Mizaç Kırınım

需要掌握的语法

Accusative Case

Bardağı kırdım.

Passive Voice (-il/ıl)

Bardak kırıldı.

Causative Form (-dir/tır)

Odunları kardeşime kırdırdım.

Vowel Harmony in Suffixes

Kırdım (back vowel harmony).

Negative Imperative (-ma/me)

Kırma!

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按水平分级的例句

Annem mutfakta bir tabak kırdı.

My mother broke a plate in the kitchen.

Simple past tense (kırdı) with a direct object (bir tabak).

Lütfen oyuncağımı kırma.

Please don't break my toy.

Negative imperative (kırma).

Ali kalemi ikiye kırdı.

Ali broke the pencil in two.

Use of 'ikiye' to show the result of breaking.

Bardağı kim kırdı?

Who broke the glass?

Interrogative sentence with the accusative 'bardağı'.

Kardeşim her gün bir şey kırıyor.

My brother breaks something every day.

Present continuous tense (kırıyor) for habitual action.

Dün bir vazo kırdım.

I broke a vase yesterday.

First person singular past tense (kırdım).

Bu dalı kırma.

Don't break this branch.

Negative imperative with a specific object.

Camı kırmak tehlikelidir.

Breaking glass is dangerous.

Infinitive form (kırmak) used as a subject.

Sözlerinle kalbimi kırdın.

You broke my heart with your words.

Metaphorical use of 'kalp kırmak'.

Yumurtaları dikkatlice kır.

Break the eggs carefully.

Imperative (kır) used for food preparation.

Ceviz kırmak çok eğlenceli.

Breaking walnuts is very fun.

Gerundial use of the infinitive.

Arabanın anahtarını kilitte kırdı.

He broke the car key in the lock.

Locative 'kilitte' showing where the breaking happened.

Onu kırmak istemedim.

I didn't want to hurt (break) him/her.

Using 'kırmak' to mean hurting someone's feelings.

Kedim saksıyı kırdı.

My cat broke the flowerpot.

Simple subject-object-verb structure.

Bu rekoru ben kıracağım.

I will break this record.

Future tense (kıracağım).

Gözlüğünü nasıl kırdın?

How did you break your glasses?

Question word 'nasıl' with past tense.

Satıcı fiyatı biraz daha kırdı.

The seller lowered the price a bit more.

Idiomatic use of 'fiyat kırmak' for discounting.

Koşucu dünya rekorunu kırdı.

The runner broke the world record.

Standard phrase for athletic achievement.

Direksiyonu aniden sola kırdı.

He suddenly turned the wheel to the left.

Idiomatic use for steering/turning.

Bu soğuk hava direncinizi kırabilir.

This cold weather can break your resistance.

Metaphorical use for health or willpower.

Zincirleri kırmak için çok uğraştılar.

They struggled hard to break the chains.

Literal and symbolic use of 'zincir kırmak'.

Şeytanın bacağını kırdım ve işe alındım.

I broke the devil's leg and got hired (finally had good luck).

Common Turkish idiom for breaking a streak of bad luck.

Öğretmen notlarımı kırdı.

The teacher deducted points from my grades.

Idiomatic use for deducting points/value.

Buzları kırmak için önce o konuştu.

He spoke first to break the ice.

Translation of the universal 'break the ice' idiom.

Düşmanın direncini kırmak vakit aldı.

It took time to break the enemy's resistance.

Abstract use in military/strategic context.

Bu kadar sert konuşup gururunu kırma.

Don't speak so harshly and break his pride.

Use with abstract nouns like 'gurur' (pride).

Kışın odun kırmak zor bir iştir.

Breaking (chopping) wood in winter is a hard job.

Using 'kırmak' for wood, similar to 'baltalamak'.

Şirket piyasayı kırmak için fiyatları indirdi.

The company lowered prices to break (undercut) the market.

Business context for aggressive competition.

Hevesimi kırmak için elinden geleni yaptı.

He did his best to break my enthusiasm.

Idiom 'hevesini kırmak'.

Gelenekleri kırmak her zaman kolay değildir.

Breaking traditions is not always easy.

Abstract use for social norms.

Dalgakıranlar dalgaların hızını kırmak içindir.

Breakwaters are for breaking the speed of waves.

Technical/functional use of the verb.

Yine pot kırdım ve herkesi güldürdüm.

I made another faux pas and made everyone laugh.

Idiom 'pot kırmak' (to make a gaffe).

Işık prizmadan geçerken kırılır.

Light refracts (is broken) as it passes through a prism.

Scientific use of the passive form 'kırılmak'.

Yazarın üslubu, okuyucunun beklentilerini kırıyor.

The author's style breaks the reader's expectations.

Literary analysis context.

Bu politika, toplumun önyargılarını kırmayı amaçlıyor.

This policy aims to break society's prejudices.

Sociopolitical context.

Döviz kurlarındaki artış, piyasanın belini kırdı.

The rise in exchange rates broke the back of the market.

Idiom 'belini kırmak' (to break the back/destroy).

Kırıp geçiren bir mizah anlayışı vardı.

He had a sense of humor that broke everyone up (made them laugh hysterically).

Idiom 'kırıp geçirmek' for extreme laughter.

Olayların seyrini kırmak için müdahale etti.

He intervened to break the course of events.

Abstract use for temporal/situational flow.

Fırtına, ağaçların direncini birer birer kırdı.

The storm broke the resistance of the trees one by one.

Personification of resistance.

Sanatçı, klasik formları kırarak yeni bir tarz yarattı.

The artist created a new style by breaking classical forms.

Use of adverbial '-arak' with kırmak.

Varlığın bu derin sessizliği kırması gerekiyordu.

Existence needed to break this deep silence.

Philosophical/Poetic usage.

İktidarın hegemonyasını kırmak, entelektüel bir çaba gerektirir.

Breaking the hegemony of power requires an intellectual effort.

High-level political discourse.

Zamanın lineer akışını kırmak modern edebiyatın temelidir.

Breaking the linear flow of time is the basis of modern literature.

Academic literary theory.

Toplumsal tabuları kırmak, bireyin cesaretiyle başlar.

Breaking social taboos begins with the individual's courage.

Sociological axiom.

Yalnızlığın o katı kabuğunu kırmak hiç de kolay olmadı.

It was not easy at all to break that hard shell of loneliness.

Deeply metaphorical psychological use.

Metaforlar, dilin dar kalıplarını kırmak için vardır.

Metaphors exist to break the narrow molds of language.

Linguistic philosophy.

Sistemin çarklarını kırmak yerine onları dönüştürmeyi seçti.

He chose to transform the gears of the system instead of breaking them.

Complex contrastive structure.

Kırılan her hayal, yeni bir gerçeğin tohumudur.

Every broken dream is the seed of a new reality.

Aphoristic usage.

近义词

Parçalamak Çatlatmak Tahrip etmek İncinmek Koparmak Yarmak Bozmak Ezmek

反义词

Yapmak Onarmak Tamir etmek Birleştirmek

常见搭配

Kalp kırmak

Rekor kırmak

Fiyat kırmak

Bardak kırmak

Direksiyon kırmak

Dal kırmak

Ceviz kırmak

Pot kırmak

Buzları kırmak

Heves kırmak

常用短语

Kırıp dökmek

— To act destructively or hurtfully in a fit of anger.

Sinirlenince her şeyi kırıp döktü.

Kafayı kırmak

— To go crazy or to lose one's mind (slang).

Sonunda o da kafayı kırdı.

Kırk yılda bir

— Once in a blue moon (literally: once in forty years).

Kırk yılda bir sinemaya gideriz.

Kırılma noktası

— Breaking point or turning point.

Bu maçın kırılma noktasıydı.

Belini kırmak

— To break the back of a task (to finish the hardest part).

İşin belini kırdık sayılır.

Fay hattı kırılması

— The breaking/rupture of a fault line (geology).

Fay hattı kırılınca deprem oldu.

Direnci kırmak

— To break the resistance of someone or something.

Antibiyotik bakterinin direncini kırdı.

Umut kırmak

— To break someone's hope.

Gençlerin umudunu kırmayın.

Kırgın olmak

— To be offended or hurt (adjective form).

Sana hala biraz kırgınım.

Kırıp geçirmek

— To make everyone laugh or to destroy everything in its path.

Komedyen izleyicileri kırıp geçirdi.

容易混淆的词

kırmak vs Bozmak

English speakers use 'break' for both. Turkish uses 'kırmak' for shattering and 'bozmak' for malfunctioning.

kırmak vs Kesmek

Sometimes 'cutting' a price and 'breaking' a price are used, but 'kırmak' is more about the discount amount.

kırmak vs Parçalamak

Use 'kırmak' for a simple break; 'parçalamak' for total destruction into many pieces.

习语与表达

"Şeytanın bacağını kırmak"

— To finally succeed after a long period of bad luck.

Sonunda şeytanın bacağını kırdık ve gol attık.

Informal

"Pot kırmak"

— To say something embarrassing or inappropriate accidentally.

Düğünde eski sevgilisinden bahsedince pot kırdı.

Neutral

"Ceviz kırmak"

— To flirt or engage in secret romantic escapades (slang).

Bizimki yine gizli gizli ceviz kırıyor.

Slang

"Zincirlerini kırmak"

— To break free from limitations or oppression.

Kendi zincirlerini kırmak için şehirden ayrıldı.

Literary

"Fiyat kırmak"

— To lower the price significantly during bargaining.

Satıcıyla konuşup fiyatı kırmayı başardım.

Neutral

"Belini kırmak"

— To cause severe damage or to complete the hardest part of something.

Bu borçlar belimizi kırdı.

Informal

"Kalp kırmak"

— To hurt someone's feelings deeply.

Kalp kırmak Kabe yıkmak gibidir (Turkish proverb).

Neutral

"Buzları kırmak"

— To ease tension between people who don't know each other or are angry.

Bir espri yaparak ortamdaki buzları kırdı.

Neutral

"Kırıp geçirmek"

— To cause widespread laughter or destruction.

Yeni filmi izleyicileri gülmekten kırıp geçirdi.

Informal

"Kolunu kanadını kırmak"

— To leave someone helpless or take away their support.

Onun gidişi kolumu kanadımı kırdı.

Poetic

容易混淆

kırmak vs Bozmak

Both translate to 'break' in English.

Kırmak is physical/structural; Bozmak is functional (electronics, machines, plans).

Televizyonu bozdum (not kırdım).

kırmak vs Dökmek

Often used together in 'kırıp dökmek'.

Dökmek means 'to pour' or 'to spill'.

Suyu döktüm.

kırmak vs Koparmak

Both involve separating things.

Koparmak is 'to pluck' or 'to pull off' (flowers, bread); Kırmak is 'to snap' or 'to shatter'.

Çiçeği kopardım.

kırmak vs Yıkmak

Both mean destruction.

Yıkmak is 'to demolish' (buildings, dreams); Kırmak is for smaller, hard objects.

Evi yıktılar.

kırmak vs Çatlatmak

Both describe damage to glass/ceramics.

Çatlatmak is 'to crack' (the object stays in one piece).

Bardağı çatlattım.

句型

[Subject] [Object] [Verb-Past]

Ben bardağı kırdım.

[Subject] [Possessive Object] [Verb-Negative-Imperative]

Sen benim kalbimi kırma.

[Subject] [Abstract Object] [Verb-Aorist]

O her zaman rekor kırar.

[Gerund] [Verb]

Fiyatı kırarak aldım.

[Passive Subject] [Verb-Present]

Işık burada kırılır.

[Complex Noun Phrase] [Verb-Infinitive] [Auxiliary]

Tabuları kırmak zordur.

[Object] [Verb-Future]

Seni kıracağım.

[Condition] [Verb-Conditional]

Kırsan bile tamir ederim.

词族

名词

Kırık (Broken/A break)

Kırım (Slaughter/Discount)

Kırılma (Refraction/Breaking)

Kırıcı (Offensive/Hurtful person)

动词

Kırılmak (To be broken/To be offended)

Kırdırmak (To have something broken)

Kırışmak (To wrinkle)

形容词

Kırık (Broken)

Kırılgan (Fragile)

Kırıcı (Hurtful)

如何使用

frequency

Extremely high in daily speech, literature, and news.

常见错误

Bilgisayarı kırdım. → Bilgisayarı bozdum.
Unless you physically smashed the computer, use 'bozdum' for it not working.
Bardak kırdım. → Bardağı kırdım.
You need the accusative case to refer to a specific object you broke.
Çiçeği kırdım. → Çiçeği kopardım.
For flowers or soft stems, 'koparmak' (to pluck) is more natural than 'kırmak'.
Kanunu kırdı. → Kanunu çiğnedi.
In Turkish, you 'trample' (çiğnemek) or 'violate' (ihlal etmek) the law, not 'break' it with kırmak.
Kalbim kırdı. → Kalbim kırıldı.
If your heart is broken, use the passive 'kırıldı'. 'Kırdı' means your heart broke something else!

小贴士

The Accusative Rule

Always remember the -i suffix. 'Bardağı kırdım' is the specific glass on the table.

Kırmak vs. Bozmak

Hard things = Kırmak. Electronic/Mechanical things = Bozmak. Don't mix them up!

Nazar Çıktı

If you break a glass at a Turkish house, say 'Nazar çıktı' to lighten the mood.

Şeytanın Bacağı

Use 'Şeytanın bacağını kırdım' when you finally get something right after many failures.

The 'ı' Sound

The 'ı' in 'kır' is like the 'u' in 'muck'. Don't make it sound like 'keer'.

Bargaining

Use 'Fiyatı kırar mısınız?' politely in bazaars to ask for a discount.

Apologizing

If you hurt someone, say 'Kalbini kırdığım için özür dilerim'.

Branches

Use 'kırmak' for dry branches, but 'koparmak' for green leaves or flowers.

Kafayı Kırmak

Only use 'kafayı kırmak' (going crazy) with close friends; it's quite informal.

Records

'Rekor kırmak' is the only way to say 'break a record'. It's very common in news.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of a 'CRACK'. The 'kır' sound is like the sound of a dry branch snapping. 'Kır-mak' = 'Crack-make'.

视觉联想

Imagine a heart (kalp) with a visible crack in it. This helps you remember both the literal and the 'hurt feelings' meaning.

Word Web

Bardak (Glass) Kalp (Heart) Rekor (Record) Fiyat (Price) Dal (Branch) Kemik (Bone) Zincir (Chain) Pot (Gaffe)

挑战

Try to use 'kırmak' in three different ways today: one for an object, one for a price, and one for a feeling.

词源

Kırmak originates from the Old Turkic root 'kır-', which has been used for centuries to denote the act of breaking, crushing, or destroying.

原始含义： The original sense was likely related to crushing or splitting hard materials, which evolved into the modern sense of breaking.

Turkic language family.

文化背景

Avoid using 'kırmak' in a way that sounds like you are threatening to break someone's bones, unless you are in a very specific (and aggressive) context.

English speakers should be careful not to use 'kırmak' for broken machines, where they would normally say 'My phone is broken'.

The song 'Kalbimi Kıra Kıra' (By breaking my heart repeatedly). The movie 'Rekor' (The Record). Turkish idioms involving 'Şeytanın bacağını kırmak' in sports commentary.

在生活中练习

真实语境

Kitchen Accidents

Bardağı kırdım
Tabak kırıldı
Cam kırıkları
Yumurta kırmak

Sports

Rekor kırmak
Dünya rekoru
Direnci kırmak
Hız rekoru

Relationships

Kalp kırmak
Beni kırdın
Kırılmak
Gönül almak

Shopping

Fiyat kırmak
Pazarlık yapmak
İndirim istemek
Son fiyat

Driving

Direksiyonu kırmak
Sağa kırmak
Sola kırmak
Aniden kırmak

对话开场白

"Daha önce hiç dünya rekoru kırmayı hayal ettin mi?"

"En son ne zaman yanlışlıkla bir şey kırdın?"

"Sence birinin kalbini kırmak her zaman kötü müdür?"

"Pazarda fiyat kırmak için hangi taktikleri kullanırsın?"

"Şeytanın bacağını kırmak deyimini hiç duydun mu?"

日记主题

Bugün yanlışlıkla bir şey kırdın mı? Nasıl hissettin?

Birinin kalbini kırdığında nasıl özür dilersin? Yazılı bir özür hazırla.

Hayatında kırmak istediğin en büyük rekor nedir? Neden?

Toplumdaki hangi ön yargıları kırmak istersin? Düşüncelerini açıkla.

Bir pazarlık anını anlat. Fiyatı nasıl kırdınız?

常见问题

10 个问题

No, you should use 'bozulmak'. If you say 'telefonumu kırdım', it means you physically smashed it. For software or internal errors, 'bozuldu' is correct.

'Kırdım' is active (I broke it), while 'kırıldı' is passive (It was broken). Use 'kırıldı' if it was an accident or you don't want to take blame.

In Turkish, we usually say 'alışkanlığı bırakmak' (to leave/quit a habit) rather than 'kırmak'.

Yes, it implies you have been insensitive or hurtful. It's a serious matter in Turkish social etiquette.

It depends on the item, but usually asking for a 10-20% 'kırım' (discount) is a good starting point.

Yes, in specific contexts like 'kağıdı kırmak' (folding paper) or 'pantolonun ütü izini kırmak', but 'katlamak' is more common for clothes.

'Pot' refers to a fold or crease in fabric that shouldn't be there. 'Breaking' it means making a visible mistake.

No, they are etymologically distinct, although they sound similar.

No, use 'çiğnemek' (to trample/violate) or 'ihlal etmek' (to violate).

It's a breakwater—a structure built into the sea to 'break' the force of the waves and protect the harbor.

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