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C1 noun 12分钟阅读

muhafaza

开始练习例句笔记与提示 muhafaza 30秒了解

解析 muhafaza in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to use the word 'muhafaza' yourself very often, but you will definitely see it! You will see it on the back of food packets in the supermarket or on medicine bottles. It simply means 'keep' or 'put'. When you see 'Serin yerde muhafaza ediniz', just remember it means 'Keep it in a cool place'. At this stage, think of it as a fancy way to say 'saklamak' (to keep/store). It's a word that helps you follow instructions. You might hear it in very simple sentences about keeping things safe. Imagine you have a treasure box; 'muhafaza' is what you do to the treasure inside to make sure it stays beautiful and doesn't break. It is a formal word, so it sounds very polite and official. You don't need to worry about the grammar too much yet, just recognize that 'muhafaza etmek' is a verb that means 'to keep something safe'.

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At the A2 level, you can start to understand the difference between 'saklamak' (to hide/store) and 'muhafaza etmek' (to preserve). While 'saklamak' is common in daily life for things like hiding a toy or putting away clothes, 'muhafaza etmek' is used when you want to sound more serious or professional. For example, if you are talking about keeping your passport safe, you might use 'muhafaza etmek'. You will also see this word in public places. For instance, at a museum, signs might say 'Eserleri muhafaza edelim' (Let's preserve the works). In your A2 studies, you should practice using it with 'etmek'. Remember: 'muhafaza' is the noun, and 'etmek' makes it a verb. You can use it to talk about keeping food fresh in the fridge or keeping your room clean and organized. It's a great word to use if you want to show your Turkish teacher that you know more than just basic vocabulary.

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At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 'muhafaza etmek' in a variety of contexts, especially in formal writing or when giving instructions. You can use it to describe maintaining a certain state, such as 'sakinliğini muhafaza etmek' (maintaining one's calm). This is a very useful phrase when describing a story or a person's character. You will also encounter 'muhafaza' in news reports about the environment or historical sites. For example, 'Ormanları muhafaza etmeliyiz' (We must preserve the forests). At this level, you should also notice how the word changes with suffixes: 'muhafazası' (its preservation), 'muhafazası için' (for its preservation). You are moving beyond just physical objects and starting to use 'muhafaza' for abstract things like secrets, peace, and traditions. It's a word that adds a layer of 'care' and 'responsibility' to the act of keeping something.

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At the B2 level, 'muhafaza' becomes an essential part of your formal vocabulary. You should be able to distinguish it clearly from 'koruma' (protection) and 'savunma' (defense). You will use 'muhafaza' when discussing social issues, such as 'kültürel kimliğin muhafazası' (the preservation of cultural identity). This is a common topic in Turkish exams and essays. You will also hear it in professional environments. If you work in a lab, a kitchen, or a law firm, 'muhafaza' will be part of your daily terminology. You should also be aware of the word 'muhafazakâr' (conservative), which comes from this root. Understanding the connection between 'preserving' (muhafaza) and 'being conservative' (muhafazakâr) will help you understand Turkish politics and social dynamics much better. You can now use the passive form 'muhafaza edilmek' fluently to describe how things are kept in a system or a society.

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At the C1 level, you are expected to use 'muhafaza' with all its nuances and in complex grammatical structures. You should understand its historical weight and its legal implications. For example, 'muhafaza-i hukuk' (the preservation of law/rights) is a high-level concept you might encounter in political science or history. You can use 'muhafaza' to describe the delicate balance of preserving the status quo versus making progress. Your usage should reflect an understanding of register; you know that 'muhafaza' is the appropriate word for an academic paper on archaeology or a legal brief about evidence. You can also use it metaphorically in literature, perhaps describing a character who 'muhafaza's their childhood innocence in a cruel world. At this level, you should also be familiar with related words like 'muhafız' (guard) and how they function in different sectors of the government and military.

At the C2 level, 'muhafaza' is a tool for precise and sophisticated expression. You use it to navigate the complexities of Turkish law, philosophy, and high literature. You are aware of its Arabic roots (ḥ-f-ẓ) and how this connects it to other words like 'hafıza' (memory) and 'hafız' (one who preserves the Quran). You can engage in deep debates about 'geleneklerin muhafazası' (the preservation of traditions) and the role of the state in 'kamu düzeninin muhafazası' (the preservation of public order). Your usage is indistinguishable from a native speaker who has had a high-level education. You can use it in fixed legal phrases like 'muhafaza altına almak' without hesitation. You also recognize the word in its most archaic or poetic forms in Ottoman-influenced texts. For you, 'muhafaza' is not just a word for 'keeping', but a concept that encompasses the human desire to resist time, decay, and the loss of essence.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

muhafaza 30秒了解

Muhafaza means preservation or protection, focusing on keeping something in its original state.
It is a formal noun usually used with 'etmek' (muhafaza etmek) to mean 'to preserve'.
Commonly found on food labels, in legal documents, and in museum settings.
It contrasts with 'koruma' (defense) by emphasizing maintenance and integrity over time.

The Turkish word muhafaza is a multifaceted noun that primarily denotes the act of preservation, protection, or keeping something in its original, safe, or functional state. Derived from the Arabic root 'ḥ-f-ẓ', which relates to guarding and memory, it carries a weight of formality and precision that distinguishes it from more common synonyms like 'koruma' or 'saklama'. When a Turkish speaker uses 'muhafaza', they are often referring to a deliberate, structured, or technical effort to prevent decay, loss, or alteration. This can range from the physical storage of food in a refrigerator to the abstract preservation of cultural heritage or legal rights. The word is most frequently paired with the auxiliary verb 'etmek' to form the compound verb muhafaza etmek, meaning 'to preserve' or 'to maintain'.

Technical Context: In food science and logistics, 'muhafaza' refers to the specific conditions required to keep goods fresh, such as 'soğuk muhafaza' (cold storage).
Legal and Political Context: It is used in phrases like 'muhafaza-i hukuk' (preservation of rights) or maintaining the 'statüko' (status quo), implying a defense against encroaching changes.

Bu antika saat, orijinal kutusunda titizlikle muhafaza edilmiştir.

Translation: This antique watch has been meticulously preserved in its original box.

Culturally, the concept of 'muhafaza' is linked to the idea of 'emanet' (something entrusted). To 'muhafaza' something is to treat it as a sacred trust, ensuring that its essence remains untouched by time or external threats. This is why you will hear it in museums regarding artifacts, in libraries regarding rare manuscripts, and even in personal relationships regarding secrets or dignity. It suggests an active vigilance; one does not simply 'have' something, they 'muhafaza' it through constant care. In modern urban Turkish, the word is also the root for 'muhafazakâr', meaning conservative—someone who wishes to preserve traditional values and social structures. Understanding the noun 'muhafaza' provides the essential foundation for understanding this significant political and social label in Turkey.

Gıdaların tazeliğini muhafaza etmek için uygun nem oranı şarttır.

Furthermore, 'muhafaza' appears in specialized terminology such as 'muhafaza kabı' (storage container) or 'muhafaza memuru' (a guard or enforcement officer in specific governmental branches like customs). It implies a boundary—a 'muhafaza' creates a barrier between the object and the elements that would destroy it. Whether that barrier is a physical glass case or a diplomatic agreement, the goal is the same: the prevention of entropy. When you use this word, you signal a higher register of Turkish, showing that you are discussing the long-term sustainability and integrity of an object or idea rather than just its immediate safety.

Historical Usage: In the Ottoman era, 'muhafaza' was central to the administration of fortresses and the protection of the Caliphate's relics.

Sükunetinizi muhafaza etmeniz, bu kriz anında çok önemlidir.

Using muhafaza correctly involves understanding its role as a noun that usually functions within a phrasal verb. The most common construction is [Object] + [Accusative Case] + muhafaza etmek. For example, if you want to say 'preserve the documents,' you say 'belgeleri muhafaza etmek'. The nuance here is that you are not just hiding the documents, but keeping them in a way that they do not get damaged by moisture, light, or time. It is a very active form of keeping.

Physical Preservation: Used for artifacts, food, and sensitive materials. 'Tarihi eserlerin muhafazası devletin sorumluluğundadır' (The preservation of historical artifacts is the state's responsibility).
Abstract Preservation: Used for dignity, calm, secrets, or peace. 'Onurunu muhafaza etti' (He preserved his dignity).

İlaçlar, çocukların ulaşamayacağı bir yerde muhafaza edilmelidir.

Medicines must be kept (preserved) in a place where children cannot reach.

Another frequent usage is in the passive voice: muhafaza edilmek (to be preserved). This is common in formal instructions, labels, and historical texts. If you look at the back of a yogurt container or a medicine box, you will see 'serin ve kuru yerde muhafaza ediniz' (keep in a cool and dry place). The imperative form 'ediniz' adds a layer of formal politeness and authority. In literature, you might see 'muhafaza' used to describe a character's attempt to keep their cool in a heated debate: 'Soğukkanlılığını muhafaza etmeye çalışıyordu' (He was trying to maintain his composure/coolness).

Bu bölge, doğal güzelliğini yıllardır muhafaza etmeyi başardı.

In advanced Turkish, especially in academic or legal writing, 'muhafaza' can be used as a standalone noun in possessive constructions. For instance, 'mülkiyetin muhafazası' (the preservation of property) or 'delillerin muhafazası' (the preservation of evidence). In these cases, the word highlights the legal obligation to ensure that the state of the object remains unchanged for future scrutiny. It is also used in the context of 'self-preservation', known as 'nefsi muhafaza' or 'kendini muhafaza etme'. This refers to the instinct to stay safe from harm.

Collocations with Case Endings: 'Muhafazasına' (to its preservation), 'muhafazasından' (from its preservation). Example: 'Eserin muhafazasına özen gösterin' (Pay attention to the preservation of the work).

Barışı muhafaza etmek, savaşa girmekten daha zordur.

You will encounter muhafaza in several specific domains of Turkish life. Firstly, in the culinary and domestic sphere, it is the standard word used on packaging. If you go to a Turkish supermarket (Migros, CarrefourSA, or BİM), look at the back of any perishable item like cheese, meat, or frozen vegetables. You will invariably see the sentence 'Serin ve güneş görmeyen bir yerde muhafaza ediniz'. This is the standard instruction for storage. In this context, 'muhafaza' implies a scientific necessity—if you don't 'muhafaza' it correctly, the product will spoil.

Museums and Art Galleries: Curators and guides will use the word to describe how ancient mosaics or Ottoman robes are kept. 'Bu eserler özel iklimlendirme sistemleri ile muhafaza edilmektedir' (These works are preserved with special climate control systems).
News and Media: During political broadcasts, commentators discuss 'statükonun muhafazası' (the preservation of the status quo) or 'anayasal düzenin muhafazası' (the preservation of the constitutional order).

Gümrük muhafaza memurları kaçak eşyaya el koydu.

Customs enforcement (protection) officers seized the smuggled goods.

Secondly, in official and legal settings. The Turkish Customs Enforcement is known as 'Gümrük Muhafaza'. Here, the word takes on a meaning of 'enforcement' or 'guarding'. It is about protecting the borders and the economic integrity of the country. Similarly, in a courtroom, a judge might order the 'muhafaza' of certain evidence, meaning it must be kept under lock and key and not tampered with. This formal usage underscores the word's association with authority and the law. If a police officer tells you that something is 'muhafaza altına alındı', it means it has been taken into protective custody or secured as evidence.

Lütfen çocukların güvenliğini muhafaza ediniz.

Thirdly, in intellectual and philosophical discussions. Turkish people often talk about 'değerlerimizi muhafaza etmek' (preserving our values). In a globalizing world, this is a common theme in literature, talk shows, and family dinners. It refers to the struggle to keep traditional customs, language, and social etiquette alive. When an elderly person says, 'Biz eski terbiyemizi muhafaza ediyoruz', they are expressing pride in having kept their old-school manners and upbringing intact despite modern changes. In this sense, 'muhafaza' is not just about physical objects, but about the continuity of identity.

Common Audio Cues: Listen for it in airplane announcements: 'Güvenliğinizi muhafaza etmek amacıyla kemerlerinizi bağlı tutun' (Keep your belts fastened to maintain your safety).

Bu ilaç, oda sıcaklığında muhafaza edilmelidir.

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make when learning Turkish is confusing muhafaza with its more common synonym koruma. While both translate to 'protection' or 'preservation', they are not always interchangeable. 'Koruma' is a very broad term that can mean physical protection from an attack (like a bodyguard, 'koruma'), or environmental protection. 'Muhafaza', however, is more about 'keeping' something in a specific state. For example, you 'koru' (protect) a child from danger, but you 'muhafaza et' (preserve) a document in an archive. Using 'muhafaza' for a person in danger sounds strange and overly technical.

Mistake: Muhafaza Yapmak: Incorrect: 'Peyniri dolapta muhafaza yaptım.' Correct: 'Peyniri dolapta muhafaza ettim.' (Always use 'etmek' with 'muhafaza').
Mistake: Confusing with Muhafazakâr: Don't use 'muhafaza' when you mean 'conservative' (the person). 'Muhafaza' is the act/noun; 'muhafazakâr' is the adjective/person.

Yanlış: Belgeleri kasada muhafaza yaptım.
Doğru: Belgeleri kasada muhafaza ettim.

Another mistake involves the word saklamak. 'Saklamak' means 'to hide' or 'to store'. If you say 'Anahtarı sakladım', it usually means you hid the key so no one can find it. If you say 'Anahtarı muhafaza ettim', it sounds like you kept the key in a special velvet box to ensure it doesn't rust or get scratched. Beginners often use 'saklamak' for everything, which is safe but makes your Turkish sound less sophisticated. Using 'muhafaza' in the right context—like talking about archival photos or professional storage—will immediately elevate your level. However, don't over-use it; using 'muhafaza' for putting your shoes in a closet is overkill and sounds humorous.

Yanlış: Beni yağmurdan muhafaza et.
Doğru: Beni yağmurdan koru.

Lastly, be careful with the possessive suffixes. Because 'muhafaza' ends in a vowel, when you add the third-person possessive, it becomes 'muhafazası' (its preservation), not 'muhafaza-ı'. For example, 'doğanın muhafazası' (the preservation of nature). Some learners forget the 's' buffer. Also, remember that in legal Turkish, 'muhafaza altına almak' is a specific fixed phrase. If you change the preposition or the verb, it loses its legal meaning of 'taking into custody'. Stick to the established patterns to avoid sounding unnatural.

Register Errors: Using 'muhafaza' in very casual slang or with friends might sound like you are mocking formal speech. Use 'tutmak' or 'saklamak' for everyday items like a pen or a sandwich.

Sırrını muhafaza edeceğime söz veriyorum.

Correct: I promise I will keep (preserve) your secret.

To truly master muhafaza, you must understand where it sits in the spectrum of Turkish words for keeping and protecting. Turkish is rich in synonyms, each with a specific 'flavor'. 'Muhafaza' is the formal, technical, and often abstract choice. Let's compare it with its closest relatives to see which one you should use in different situations.

Muhafaza vs. Koruma: 'Koruma' is general protection. You protect a forest from fire (koruma), but you preserve the biological diversity within it (muhafaza). 'Koruma' is often about defense against an external enemy, while 'muhafaza' is about maintaining internal integrity.
Muhafaza vs. Saklama: 'Saklama' is simple storage or hiding. You 'sakla' (hide) a gift from a child. You 'muhafaza' (preserve) a wedding dress by wrapping it in acid-free paper and keeping it in a climate-controlled room.
Muhafaza vs. İdame: 'İdame' means 'maintenance' or 'continuation', usually of a process or a life. 'Hayatını idame ettirmek' means to sustain one's life. 'Muhafaza' is more about keeping a static thing as it is, while 'idame' is about keeping a dynamic process going.

Eski binaların dış cephesi muhafaza edilerek restore edildi.

The old buildings were restored while preserving their exterior facades.

In some contexts, you might use sürdürmek (to maintain/continue). If you are talking about maintaining a relationship or a habit, 'sürdürmek' is more natural. However, if you are talking about maintaining a specific 'level' or 'standard', 'muhafaza etmek' works beautifully. For example, 'Seviyeyi muhafaza etmek' (to maintain the level). Another alternative is esirgemek, which means to protect or spare, but it has a more emotional or religious tone, often used in prayers like 'Allah seni esirgesin' (May God protect/spare you).

Sükunetinizi muhafaza edin, her şey kontrol altında.

In legal terminology, you might encounter hıfzetmek. This is the older, more purely Arabic version of 'muhafaza etmek'. While rare in daily speech, it appears in old law books and religious texts. Understanding that 'hıfzetmek' and 'muhafaza etmek' are essentially the same will help you if you ever read Ottoman-era literature or legal documents. In modern business, you might also hear depolama (storage). While 'muhafaza' focuses on the quality of keeping, 'depolama' focuses on the quantity and the logistical act of putting things in a warehouse (depo).

Summary of Alternatives: 1. Koruma (General Protection) 2. Saklama (General Storing) 3. İdame (Maintenance of life/process) 4. Sürdürmek (Continuation) 5. Depolama (Logistical storage).

Bu gelenek, köylerde hâlâ muhafaza ediliyor.

How Formal Is It?

正式

中性

非正式

Child friendly

俚语

趣味小知识

The words 'memory' (hafıza) and 'guard' (muhafız) share the same root because in ancient times, the best way to 'preserve' a story or a law was to 'guard' it in your mind.

发音指南

UK /mu.haː.fa.'za/

US /mu.hɑ.fə.'zɑ/

Final syllable (za).

押韵词

hafıza arıza itiraz (partial) mağaza murtaza mülahaza münakaşa (rhythm) müsamaha

常见错误

Pronouncing the 'h' too harshly like a German 'ch'. It should be a soft breathy 'h'.
Shortening the long 'a' in the second syllable.
Stress on the first syllable.

难度评级

阅读 4/5

Common in formal texts and labels, but requires understanding of Arabic roots for deep meaning.

写作 5/5

Requires correct use of auxiliary verbs (etmek) and case endings (accusative).

口语 4/5

Used in professional or serious conversations; might sound too formal in casual chat.

听力 3/5

Easily recognizable once the 'muhafaza etmek' pattern is learned.

接下来学什么

前置知识

korumak saklamak etmek güvenli eski

接下来学习

muhafazakâr muhafız hıfzetmek idame istikrar

高级

statüko beka otantiklik restorasyon mahremiyet

需要掌握的语法

Compound Verbs with 'Etmek'

Muhafaza (noun) + etmek (verb) = To preserve.

Accusative Case for Specific Objects

Sırr-ı (The secret) + muhafaza etmek.

Passive Voice with '-il'

Muhafaza ed-il-mek = To be preserved.

Genitive-Possessive Chains

Belgeler-in muhafaza-sı (The preservation of the documents).

Formal Imperatives

Muhafaza ed-iniz (Please preserve - formal).

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按水平分级的例句

Sütü dolapta muhafaza et.

Keep the milk in the fridge.

Simple imperative 'et' used with 'muhafaza'.

İlaçları güvenli bir yerde muhafaza ediniz.

Keep the medicines in a safe place.

Formal imperative 'ediniz'.

Bu kutu eşyalarımı muhafaza ediyor.

This box preserves my things.

Present continuous 'ediyor'.

Lütfen sessizliğinizi muhafaza edin.

Please maintain your silence (keep quiet).

Abstract usage of 'muhafaza'.

Yiyecekleri taze muhafaza etmek zordur.

It is hard to keep foods fresh.

Infinitive 'etmek' as a subject.

Kitaplarımı kütüphanede muhafaza ediyorum.

I am keeping my books in the library.

First person singular 'ediyorum'.

Soğuk hava meyveleri muhafaza eder.

Cold air preserves the fruits.

Simple present 'eder' for general facts.

Paranı cüzdanında muhafaza etmelisin.

You should keep your money in your wallet.

Necessitative mood '-meli'.

Eski fotoğrafları albümde muhafaza ediyoruz.

We are preserving the old photos in an album.

First person plural 'ediyoruz'.

Pasaportunu dikkatli muhafaza etmelisin.

You must preserve/keep your passport carefully.

Adverb 'dikkatli' modifying the verb.

Bu müze tarihi eserleri muhafaza ediyor.

This museum preserves historical artifacts.

Noun phrase 'tarihi eserler' as object.

Gıdaları uzun süre muhafaza etmek için dondurucu kullanın.

Use a freezer to preserve foods for a long time.

Purpose clause with 'için'.

Sakinliğinizi muhafaza ettiğiniz için teşekkürler.

Thank you for maintaining your calm.

Gerund '-diğiniz için' (because you did).

Eski elbiseler sandıkta muhafaza ediliyor.

Old dresses are being preserved in a chest.

Passive voice 'ediliyor'.

Doğayı muhafaza etmek hepimizin görevidir.

Preserving nature is the duty of all of us.

Infinitive as a noun phrase.

Sırlarını muhafaza edeceğime söz veriyorum.

I promise I will keep (preserve) your secrets.

Future tense with object suffix '-eceğime'.

Kütüphaneci nadir kitapların muhafazasına çok önem veriyor.

The librarian gives great importance to the preservation of rare books.

Dative case 'muhafazasına' after 'önem vermek'.

Gümrükte eşyaların muhafazası için özel depolar bulunur.

There are special warehouses for the preservation of goods at customs.

Genitive-possessive construction 'eşyaların muhafazası'.

Kriz anlarında soğukkanlılığınızı muhafaza etmeniz gerekir.

You need to maintain your composure in moments of crisis.

Possessive infinitive 'etmeniz' with 'gerekir'.

Bu bölge doğal dokusunu yüzyıllardır muhafaza etmiştir.

This region has preserved its natural texture for centuries.

Perfective '-miştir' for long-standing facts.

Dostluğumuzu muhafaza etmek için elimden geleni yapacağım.

I will do my best to preserve our friendship.

Idiom 'elimden geleni yapmak'.

Yazma eserler nemden korunarak muhafaza edilmelidir.

Manuscripts should be preserved by being protected from moisture.

Adverbial '-arak' (by doing).

Şirket verilerinin muhafazası büyük bir güvenlik meselesidir.

The preservation of company data is a major security issue.

Compound noun 'şirket verileri'.

Geleneksel el sanatlarını muhafaza etmeye çalışıyoruz.

We are trying to preserve traditional handicrafts.

Dative infinitive 'etmeye' with 'çalışmak'.

Anayasal düzenin muhafazası ordunun ve yargının temel görevidir.

The preservation of the constitutional order is the fundamental duty of the army and the judiciary.

Formal political terminology.

Sanatçı, eserinde toplumsal belleği muhafaza etmeyi amaçlıyor.

The artist aims to preserve social memory in their work.

Accusative infinitive 'etmeyi' with 'amaçlamak'.

Buzullar eridikçe, içlerinde muhafaza edilen sırlar açığa çıkıyor.

As glaciers melt, the secrets preserved within them are revealed.

Conjunction '-dikçe' (as/the more).

Dengeli bir ekosistem için biyoçeşitliliğin muhafazası şarttır.

The preservation of biodiversity is essential for a balanced ecosystem.

Genitive 'biyoçeşitliliğin'.

Yatırımcılar, portföylerinin değerini muhafaza etmek için altına yöneldi.

Investors turned to gold to preserve the value of their portfolios.

Financial context.

Kültürel mirasın muhafazası konusunda uluslararası bir iş birliği gerekiyor.

International cooperation is required regarding the preservation of cultural heritage.

Postpositional phrase 'konusunda'.

Hukukun üstünlüğünü muhafaza etmek, demokrasinin temelidir.

Maintaining the rule of law is the foundation of democracy.

Abstract legal concept.

Gümrük muhafaza memurları limanda geniş çaplı bir operasyon başlattı.

Customs enforcement officers launched a large-scale operation at the port.

Specific professional title 'Gümrük muhafaza'.

Statükonun muhafazası, çoğu zaman değişimin önündeki en büyük engeldir.

The preservation of the status quo is often the biggest obstacle to change.

Latin-derived 'statüko' used in Turkish.

Bu antlaşma, bölgedeki güç dengesini muhafaza etmeyi hedeflemektedir.

This treaty aims to maintain the balance of power in the region.

Diplomatic register.

Toplumun ahlaki değerlerini muhafaza etme çabası bazen baskıya dönüşebilir.

The effort to preserve the moral values of society can sometimes turn into oppression.

Complex subject phrase.

Arşiv belgeleri, asitsiz kağıtlarda ve kontrollü ortamlarda muhafaza altına alınmıştır.

Archive documents have been taken into preservation in acid-free papers and controlled environments.

Fixed phrase 'muhafaza altına alınmak'.

Yazar, romanında dilin saflığını muhafaza etmek için büyük bir titizlik göstermiş.

The author showed great meticulousness to preserve the purity of the language in their novel.

Literary criticism context.

Hücre zarının temel işlevi, hücrenin iç ortamını muhafaza etmektir.

The primary function of the cell membrane is to maintain the internal environment of the cell.

Scientific/Biological register.

Siyasi istikrarın muhafazası, ekonomik büyüme için vazgeçilmez bir unsurdur.

The maintenance of political stability is an indispensable element for economic growth.

Economic/Political analysis.

Onurunu her ne pahasına olursa olsun muhafaza etmeye kararlıydı.

He was determined to preserve his honor at any cost.

Idiomatic 'her ne pahasına olursa olsun'.

Muhafaza-i hukuk müdafaası, Milli Mücadele döneminin en kritik teşkilatlanma biçimiydi.

The defense of the preservation of rights was the most critical form of organization during the National Struggle period.

Archaic/Historical compound 'muhafaza-i hukuk'.

Bireyin mahremiyetini dijital çağda muhafaza etmek, teknik olduğu kadar etik bir sorunsaldır.

Preserving individual privacy in the digital age is an ethical problem as much as a technical one.

Philosophical/Academic register.

Ekolojik dengenin muhafazası, antroposen çağında insanlığın en büyük sınavıdır.

The preservation of ecological balance is humanity's greatest test in the Anthropocene era.

Advanced environmental terminology.

Eserin otantikliğini muhafaza etmek adına yapılan restorasyon çalışmaları tartışma yarattı.

The restoration works carried out in the name of preserving the work's authenticity sparked debate.

Phrase 'adına' (in the name of).

Zihinsel melekelerini son nefesine kadar muhafaza etmeyi başarmış bir dehaydı.

He was a genius who managed to maintain his mental faculties until his last breath.

Eulogistic/High literary register.

Devletin bekası ve bütünlüğünün muhafazası, anayasanın değiştirilemez maddeleri arasındadır.

The preservation of the state's survival and integrity is among the unchangeable articles of the constitution.

Constitutional law register.

Şiirsel imgenin muhafazası, çeviri sürecinde karşılaşılan en çetin zorluktur.

The preservation of the poetic image is the toughest challenge encountered in the translation process.

Linguistic/Literary theory.

Kendi öz benliğini yabancılaşmaya karşı muhafaza etmek, modern bireyin temel sancısıdır.

Preserving one's own core self against alienation is the fundamental pain of the modern individual.

Existentialist philosophical context.

常见搭配

muhafaza etmek

muhafaza altına almak

soğuk muhafaza

muhafaza kabı

sakinliğini muhafaza etmek

statükoyu muhafaza etmek

gümrük muhafaza

aslına uygun muhafaza

serin yerde muhafaza

hukukunu muhafaza etmek

常用短语

Muhafaza ediniz.

— Please preserve/keep it. Standard instruction on products.

Güneş ışığından uzakta muhafaza ediniz.

Nefsi muhafaza.

— Self-preservation. The instinct to stay alive.

Nefsi muhafaza içgüdüsü her canlıda vardır.

Sırrı muhafaza etmek.

— To keep a secret. To ensure it is not revealed.

Dostunun sırrını muhafaza etmelisin.

Hakkını muhafaza etmek.

— To preserve one's rights. To ensure they are not taken away.

Dava açarak hakkını muhafaza etti.

Mevcudiyetini muhafaza etmek.

— To maintain its existence. Often used for small nations or old companies.

Bu küçük dükkan 50 yıldır mevcudiyetini muhafaza ediyor.

İstikrarı muhafaza etmek.

— To maintain stability. Usually in economics or politics.

Merkez Bankası fiyat istikrarını muhafaza etmeye çalışıyor.

Düzeni muhafaza etmek.

— To maintain order. Keeping things organized or peaceful.

Sınıfta düzeni muhafaza etmek öğretmenin görevidir.

Mesafe muhafaza etmek.

— To maintain distance. Physical or social distance.

Sürüş sırasında takip mesafesini muhafaza edin.

Sağlığını muhafaza etmek.

— To preserve one's health. Staying healthy through care.

Spor yaparak sağlığını muhafaza ediyor.

Saygınlığını muhafaza etmek.

— To maintain one's reputation or dignity.

Zor durumlarda bile saygınlığını muhafaza etmeyi bildi.

容易混淆的词

muhafaza vs Muhafız

A muhafız is a person (a guard), whereas muhafaza is the action (preservation).

muhafaza vs Muhafazakâr

This is an adjective meaning 'conservative'. It describes a person's ideology, not the act of storage.

muhafaza vs Müdafaa

Müdafaa means 'defense' against an attack. Muhafaza is more about 'keeping' something safe over time.

习语与表达

"Muhafaza-i nefs etmek"

— To protect oneself, especially from sin or moral decay in a religious context.

Kötü alışkanlıklardan muhafaza-i nefs etti.

literary/religious

"Sükuneti muhafaza etmek"

— To keep one's cool. Not to panic in a difficult situation.

Yangın sırasında herkes sükunetini muhafaza etti.

neutral

"Zannı muhafaza etmek"

— To keep an opinion or suspicion. To continue believing something.

Onun dürüstlüğü hakkındaki zannımı muhafaza ediyorum.

formal

"Hadlerini muhafaza etmek"

— To stay within one's boundaries. Not to overstep or be rude.

Konuşurken hadlerini muhafaza etmeleri gerekir.

formal

"Muvazeneyi muhafaza etmek"

— To maintain balance. Often used for physical balance or political equilibrium.

İp üzerinde yürürken muvazeneyi muhafaza etmek zordur.

literary

"Geleneklere muhafaza göstermek"

— To show care for traditions. To be protective of old ways.

Bu köy halkı geleneklerine büyük muhafaza gösterir.

neutral

"İffetini muhafaza etmek"

— To preserve one's chastity or honor.

Eski romanlarda kahramanlar iffetlerini muhafaza ederler.

literary

"Sınırları muhafaza etmek"

— To guard the borders. Both literal national borders and personal boundaries.

Ordunun görevi vatan sınırlarını muhafaza etmektir.

formal

"Hukuku muhafaza etmek"

— To uphold the law. To ensure justice is maintained.

Hakimler hukuku muhafaza etmekle yükümlüdür.

formal

"Mirasını muhafaza etmek"

— To preserve one's legacy or inheritance.

Babamın kültürel mirasını muhafaza etmek istiyorum.

neutral

容易混淆

muhafaza vs Saklamak

Both involve 'keeping' something.

Saklamak is for hiding or general storage. Muhafaza is for professional preservation or maintaining a state.

Anahtarı sakladım (I hid the key). Belgeleri muhafaza ettim (I preserved the documents).

muhafaza vs Korumak

Both translate to 'protect'.

Korumak is defense against an external threat. Muhafaza is maintenance of internal quality.

Evi hırsızdan koru (Protect the house from the thief). Evi temiz muhafaza et (Keep/preserve the house clean).

muhafaza vs İdame

Both mean 'maintain'.

İdame is for continuing a process (like life or a business). Muhafaza is for keeping an object or a state as it is.

Hayatını idame ettirdi (He sustained his life). Onurunu muhafaza etti (He preserved his honor).

muhafaza vs Depolama

Both involve storage.

Depolama is the logistical act of putting things in a warehouse. Muhafaza is the qualitative act of keeping them in good condition.

Eşyaların depolanması (Storing the goods). Eşyaların muhafazası (Preserving the goods).

muhafaza vs Tutmak

Both can mean 'keep'.

Tutmak is the most basic word for holding or keeping. Muhafaza is formal and specific.

Sözünü tut (Keep your promise). Sırrı muhafaza et (Preserve the secret).

句型

[Object] [Accusative] muhafaza et.

Sütü muhafaza et.

[Place] + [Locative] muhafaza etmek.

Dolapta muhafaza etmek.

[Abstract Noun] [Possessive] [Accusative] muhafaza etmek.

Sakinliğini muhafaza etmek.

[Noun] + [Genitive] muhafazası.

Doğanın muhafazası.

Muhafaza altına alınmak.

Eserler muhafaza altına alındı.

[Noun] muhafazası amacıyla...

Barışın muhafazası amacıyla...

Muhafaza-i [Noun] (Archaic compound).

Muhafaza-i hukuk.

[Noun] aslına uygun muhafaza edilerek...

Bina aslına uygun muhafaza edilerek restore edildi.

词族

名词

动词

形容词

如何使用

frequency

Common in formal writing, instructions, and news; moderate in daily speech.

常见错误

Muhafaza yapmak → Muhafaza etmek
In Turkish, nouns like muhafaza, yardım, or telefon use 'etmek' to become verbs. 'Yapmak' sounds unnatural here.
Beni muhafaza et. → Beni koru.
You 'koru' (protect) people from danger. You 'muhafaza' (preserve) objects or states. Using it for people sounds like you are an artifact.
Muhafaza-ı hukuk → Muhafazası veya Muhafaza-i hukuk (archaic)
In modern Turkish, use 'muhafazası'. The '-i' version is Persian/Arabic grammar used only in historical contexts.
Saklamak for everything → Using muhafaza for formal preservation
While 'saklamak' is correct, using it for historical artifacts or legal evidence makes your Turkish sound too basic.
Muhafaza memuruna 'muhafaza' demek → Muhafız veya Memur
You don't call the person 'muhafaza'. The person is a 'muhafız' or a 'muhafaza memuru'.

小贴士

Always pair with 'etmek'

Never use 'yapmak' with muhafaza. It's always 'muhafaza etmek'. This is a common marker of a non-native speaker.

Think of Museums

If you are talking about something that belongs in a museum (old, valuable, fragile), 'muhafaza' is the perfect word.

Use in Business

In professional emails about data or documents, use 'verilerin muhafazası' to sound more authoritative and competent.

Abstract Usage

Don't forget that you can preserve abstract things like 'peace' (barış), 'calm' (sakinlik), and 'dignity' (onur).

Watch the 's'

When adding a possessive suffix to muhafaza, remember the 's' buffer: muhafaza-sı. This is because it ends in a vowel.

Religious Roots

Understanding that 'Hafız' comes from the same root helps you see the 'sacred' nuance of preservation in Turkish culture.

Elevate your Turkish

Replace 'tutmak' with 'muhafaza etmek' in formal essays to immediately boost your CEFR score from B2 to C1.

Fixed Phrases

Memorize 'muhafaza altına almak' as a single unit. It's very common in news reports about crime or archaeology.

Read Labels

The best way to learn this word is to read the back of every bottle in your Turkish kitchen. You will see it everywhere!

Long 'a'

Lengthen the second 'a' (haaa). It sounds more elegant and closer to the original Arabic-influenced Turkish.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of a 'MUSEUM' (Müze). What do museums do? They MUHAFAZA historical things. M for Museum, M for Muhafaza.

视觉联想

Imagine a glass case (muhafaza kabı) protecting a golden crown from dust and hands. The case is the 'muhafaza'.

Word Web

Koruma Saklama Müze Arşiv Gelenek Buzdolabı Hafıza Güvenlik

挑战

Try to find 3 items in your house that require 'muhafaza' and write a sentence for each using 'muhafaza etmek'.

词源

Derived from the Arabic root 'ḥ-f-ẓ' (حفظ), which means to guard, protect, or preserve.

原始含义： The act of guarding or keeping something safe from harm or change.

Semitic (Arabic) origin, integrated into Ottoman Turkish and maintained in Modern Turkish.

文化背景

When discussing 'muhafazakâr' (conservative) people, be aware that it is a political and social label that carries significant weight in Turkey.

English speakers might use 'protect' for everything. In Turkish, using 'muhafaza' makes you sound more educated and precise when talking about items or values.

Hakan: Muhafız (The Protector - Netflix series) Muhafaza-i Hukuk Cemiyetleri (Historical resistance groups) Topkapı Sarayı Kutsal Emanetler Muhafazası (The preservation of Sacred Relics)

在生活中练习

真实语境

Kitchen / Food

Serin yerde muhafaza ediniz.
Tazeliğini muhafaza etmek.
Soğuk zincir muhafazası.
Vakumlu muhafaza.

Legal / Police

Muhafaza altına almak.
Delillerin muhafazası.
Gümrük muhafaza.
Hukuku muhafaza etmek.

Museum / History

Eserlerin muhafazası.
Aslına uygun muhafaza.
Arşiv muhafazası.
Kültürel mirası muhafaza etmek.

Personal / Emotional

Sakinliğini muhafaza etmek.
Sırrı muhafaza etmek.
Onurunu muhafaza etmek.
Dostluğu muhafaza etmek.

Political / Social

Statükoyu muhafaza etmek.
Değerleri muhafaza etmek.
Düzeni muhafaza etmek.
Muhafazakâr görüş.

对话开场白

"Kendi kültürümüzü modern dünyada nasıl muhafaza edebiliriz?"

"Eski fotoğraflarınızı nasıl muhafaza ediyorsunuz? Dijital mi yoksa albümde mi?"

"Sizce bir sırrı muhafaza etmek neden bu kadar zordur?"

"Tarihi binaların aslına uygun muhafaza edilmesi hakkında ne düşünüyorsunuz?"

"Zor durumlarda sakinliğinizi nasıl muhafaza edersiniz?"

日记主题

Bugün hayatında neleri muhafaza etmek için çaba gösterdin? (Gelenekler, ilişkiler, eşyalar...)

Gelecek nesillere muhafaza edilip aktarılması gereken en önemli değer nedir?

Bir müze küratörü olsaydın, hangi nesneyi sonsuza kadar muhafaza etmek isterdin?

Hangi alışkanlıkların seni sen yapıyor? Bunları muhafaza etmek için neler yapıyorsun?

İnternet çağında mahremiyetimizi muhafaza etmek mümkün mü?

常见问题

10 个问题

Generally, no. You use 'korumak' for people. 'Muhafaza' is for objects, values, or states. However, you can say 'Muhafız' for a bodyguard.

No. In Turkish, nouns ending in -a often take 'etmek' to become verbs. 'Muhafaza etmek' is the only correct form.

It means 'cold storage'. It is a technical term used in the food and medical industries for keeping things in refrigerators or freezers.

You can say 'nefsi muhafaza' (more formal/old) or 'kendini koruma içgüdüsü' (more modern).

Yes! They share the same Arabic root. Memory is the act of 'preserving' information in your mind.

Use 'saklamak' for everyday things like 'I kept the receipt' or 'I hid the toy'. Use 'muhafaza' for 'I preserved the historical document'.

It is a legal term meaning 'to take into protective custody' or 'to secure as evidence'. Police and courts use it.

Yes, 'muhafaza kabı' or just 'muhafaza' can refer to a protective casing or sheath for a sword or a delicate instrument.

No, it is a standard political term for 'conservative'. Whether it is seen as positive or negative depends on the political context.

It can. 'Sırrı muhafaza etmek' is a very common way to say 'to keep a secret safe'.

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