A1 Possessives 1 min read سهل

Possessive Reflexive Pronoun 'Си'

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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use 'си' when the possessor is the subject of the sentence to mean 'one's own'.

  • Use 'си' when the subject owns the object: 'Той мие ръцете си' (He washes his own hands).
  • Do not use 'си' if the object belongs to someone else: 'Той мие ръцете му' (He washes his hands - someone else's).
  • It is invariant, meaning it never changes regardless of gender or number.
Subject + Verb + Object + си

Usage of 'си' across persons

Person Bulgarian English
1st Sing
Аз мия си ръцете
I wash my hands
2nd Sing
Ти миеш си ръцете
You wash your hands
3rd Sing
Той/Тя мие си ръцете
He/She washes his/her hands
1st Plural
Ние мием си ръцете
We wash our hands
2nd Plural
Вие миете си ръцете
You wash your hands
3rd Plural
Те мият си ръцете
They wash their hands

Meanings

The particle 'си' is a reflexive possessive pronoun used to indicate that the object of the sentence belongs to the subject.

1

Possession of own items

Indicates ownership by the subject.

“Той взе чантата си.”

“Тя забрави ключовете си.”

2

Body parts

Used when referring to one's own body parts.

“Мия си ръцете.”

“Среснах си косата.”

3

Idiomatic/Dative reflexive

Used to add a sense of 'for oneself' or 'at one's own pace'.

“Пия си кафето.”

“Вървя си по улицата.”

Reference Table

Reference table for Possessive Reflexive Pronoun 'Си'
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
Subject + Verb + си + Object
Аз пия си кафето
Negative
Subject + не + Verb + си + Object
Аз не пия си кафето
Question
Verb + ли + си + Object?
Пиеш ли си кафето?
Imperative
Verb + си + Object!
Пий си кафето!
Past Tense
Subject + Verb + си + Object
Пиех си кафето
Future Tense
Subject + ще + Verb + си + Object
Ще си пия кафето

طيف الرسمية

رسمي
Консумирам кафето си.

Консумирам кафето си. (Morning routine)

محايد
Пия си кафето.

Пия си кафето. (Morning routine)

غير رسمي
Пия си кафето.

Пия си кафето. (Morning routine)

عامية
Цоцам си кафето.

Цоцам си кафето. (Morning routine)

The 'Си' Mirror

Subject

Action

  • Мия Wash

Reflexive

  • Си Own

Object

  • Ръцете Hands

Possessive Adjective vs. Reflexive 'Си'

Possessive Adjective
Моята кола My car
Reflexive 'Си'
Мия си колата I wash my car
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

أمثلة حسب المستوى

1

Аз мия си ръцете.

I am washing my hands.

2

Той взе чантата си.

He took his bag.

3

Тя чете книгата си.

She is reading her book.

4

Ние пием кафето си.

We are drinking our coffee.

1

Не си забравяй ключовете си!

Don't forget your keys!

2

Отвори си очите.

Open your eyes.

3

Те си купиха нова кола.

They bought themselves a new car.

4

Среши си косата.

Comb your hair.

1

Вървя си по улицата и мисля.

I am walking down the street and thinking.

2

Той си организира времето добре.

He organizes his time well.

3

Тя си намери нова работа.

She found herself a new job.

4

Ние си говорим за плановете.

We are talking about our plans.

1

Той си позволи да бъде искрен.

He allowed himself to be sincere.

2

Трябва да си пазиш здравето.

You must protect your health.

3

Те си изградиха репутация.

They built themselves a reputation.

4

Сложи си палтото, студено е.

Put on your coat, it's cold.

1

Той си приписа всички заслуги.

He attributed all the merits to himself.

2

Тя си навлече неприятности.

She brought trouble upon herself.

3

Всеки си носи кръста.

Everyone carries their own cross.

4

Той си остана верен на принципите.

He remained true to his principles.

1

Той си е самодостатъчен.

He is self-sufficient.

2

Тя си знае работата.

She knows her job (well).

3

Той си отиде без да каже дума.

He left without saying a word.

4

Те си живеят живота.

They are living their lives.

سهل الخلط

Possessive Reflexive Pronoun 'Си' مقابل Possessive Adjectives (мой, твой)

Learners use these when they should use 'си'.

Possessive Reflexive Pronoun 'Си' مقابل Reflexive Pronoun (себе си)

Learners confuse 'си' (possessive) with 'себе си' (reflexive object).

Possessive Reflexive Pronoun 'Си' مقابل Personal Pronouns (ми, ти, му)

Learners use these to indicate possession.

أخطاء شائعة

✗

Аз мия моите ръце

✓

Аз си мия ръцете

Using a possessive adjective instead of the reflexive particle.
✗

Той мие си ръцете

✓

Той си мие ръцете

Incorrect word order.
✗

Аз мия сито ръцете

✓

Аз си мия ръцете

Trying to decline 'си'.
✗

Аз мия ръцете

✓

Аз си мия ръцете

Omitting the particle entirely.
✗

Тя взе нейната чанта

✓

Тя си взе чантата

Using possessive adjective when the subject is the owner.
✗

Ние пием нашето кафе

✓

Ние си пием кафето

Redundant possessive.
✗

Те си купиха тяхната кола

✓

Те си купиха кола

Using both 'си' and a possessive adjective.
✗

Той си мисли неговите мисли

✓

Той си мисли мислите

Overusing possessives.
✗

Тя си счупи крака си

✓

Тя си счупи крака

Redundant 'си' at the end.
✗

Аз си направих моята работа

✓

Аз си свърших работата

Wrong verb choice and redundant possessive.
✗

Той си е негов собствен шеф

✓

Той си е сам шеф

Clunky phrasing.
✗

Тя си говореше със себе си

✓

Тя си говореше сама

Confusing reflexive pronoun with reflexive possessive.
✗

Всеки си носи неговия кръст

✓

Всеки си носи кръста

Redundant possessive in a fixed expression.

أنماط الجُمل

Аз ___ си ___.

Ти ___ ли си ___?

Той си ___ ___.

Ние ще си ___ ___.

Real World Usage

Social Media constant

Пътувам си към морето! 🌊

Texting very common

Пия си кафето, чакай ме.

Job Interview common

Организирам си задачите ефективно.

Travel common

Търся си хотела.

Food Delivery common

Поръчвам си пица.

Daily Routine constant

Мия си зъбите.

سجّل مجاناً لرؤية جميع الأمثلة
💡

The Mirror Rule

If the subject is the owner, use 'си'. If not, use a possessive adjective.
⚠️

Don't Decline!

Never try to change 'си' to 'сито' or 'сити'. It is always 'си'.
🎯

Clitic Position

Keep 'си' close to the verb for the most natural flow.
💬

Sounding Local

Use 'си' for small, personal actions to sound like a native speaker.

Smart Tips

Always use 'си' for body parts to sound natural.

Мия ръцете. → Мия си ръцете.

Use 'си' instead of 'мой/моята'.

Това е моята кола. → Това е колата ми (or 'си' if reflexive).

Place 'си' after the verb, even in negatives.

Не мия си ръцете. → Не си мия ръцете.

Place 'си' after the verb.

Ще си купя кола. → Ще си купя кола.

النطق

si (unstressed)

Stress

'Си' is an enclitic and never carries stress.

Statement

Аз си пия кафето ↘

Neutral declarative statement.

Question

Пиеш ли си кафето ↗

Yes/No question.

احفظها

وسيلة تذكّر

Think of 'си' as a 'Self-Indicator'. It points back to the subject like a boomerang.

ربط بصري

Imagine a person looking in a mirror while brushing their hair. The mirror reflects the action back to them, just like 'си' reflects the ownership back to the subject.

Rhyme

When the subject is the owner, use 'си' to be the boner (of grammar).

Story

Ivan is washing his face. He uses 'си' because it is HIS face. If he washed his brother's face, he would not use 'си'. He looks in the mirror and says 'Мия си лицето'.

Word Web

сисобственсвойрефлексивенпритежание

تحدٍّ

For the next 5 minutes, describe every action you do using 'си' (e.g., 'Пия си водата', 'Отварям си лаптопа').

ملاحظات ثقافية

Bulgarians use 'си' to express a sense of comfort and ownership in daily life.

In urban settings, 'си' is often used to add a casual, relaxed tone to activities.

Used in traditional proverbs to emphasize personal responsibility.

Derived from the Old Church Slavonic reflexive pronoun 'sę'.

بدايات محادثة

“

Какво си правиш?

“

Пиеш ли си кафето всяка сутрин?

“

Защо си купи тази кола?

“

Как си организираш времето?

مواضيع للكتابة اليومية

Describe your morning routine using 'си'.
What did you buy for yourself recently?
How do you manage your stress?
Reflect on a personal achievement.

أخطاء شائعة

Incorrect

صحيح

Incorrect

صحيح

Incorrect

صحيح

Incorrect

صحيح

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Test Yourself

Fill in the blank with 'си'.

Аз ___ мия ръцете.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: си
The subject is 'Аз', so we use 'си'.
Choose the correct sentence. اختيار متعدد

Which sentence is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Той си мие ръцете
Correct reflexive possessive usage.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Аз мия моите ръце.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Аз си мия ръцете
Use 'си' for reflexive possession.
Transform to reflexive. Sentence Transformation

Той мие ръцете на Иван.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Той си мие ръцете
Reflexive possessive replaces the possessor.
Is this true? True False Rule

'Си' changes for gender.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
'Си' is invariant.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

А: Какво правиш? Б: ___ кафето си.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Пия си
Reflexive possessive needed.
Order the words. Sentence Building

си / ръцете / мия / Аз

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Аз си мия ръцете
Correct word order.
Sort by usage. Grammar Sorting

Which uses 'си'?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Мия си ръцете
Reflexive possessive.

Score: /8

تمارين تطبيقية

8 exercises
Fill in the blank with 'си'.

Аз ___ мия ръцете.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: си
The subject is 'Аз', so we use 'си'.
Choose the correct sentence. اختيار متعدد

Which sentence is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Той си мие ръцете
Correct reflexive possessive usage.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Аз мия моите ръце.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Аз си мия ръцете
Use 'си' for reflexive possession.
Transform to reflexive. Sentence Transformation

Той мие ръцете на Иван.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Той си мие ръцете
Reflexive possessive replaces the possessor.
Is this true? True False Rule

'Си' changes for gender.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
'Си' is invariant.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

А: Какво правиш? Б: ___ кафето си.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Пия си
Reflexive possessive needed.
Order the words. Sentence Building

си / ръцете / мия / Аз

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Аз си мия ръцете
Correct word order.
Sort by usage. Grammar Sorting

Which uses 'си'?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Мия си ръцете
Reflexive possessive.

Score: /8

الأسئلة الشائعة (8)

No, 'си' is invariant. It is the same for men, women, and neuter nouns.

Yes, it works for both singular and plural objects.

Usually, yes. It is a clitic and prefers to be near the verb.

Your sentence might sound like you are talking about someone else's belongings.

Yes, it is standard in all registers of Bulgarian.

'Си' is possessive (my own), while 'се' is reflexive (myself).

No, that is redundant. Just use 'си'.

It is a very efficient way to express personal involvement.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

سجّل مجاناً للتدريب

In Other Languages

Spanish high

se / suyo

Bulgarian 'си' is invariant, while Spanish reflexive pronouns change with the subject.

French high

se

French 'se' is restricted to third person, while Bulgarian 'си' is used for all persons.

German moderate

sich

German 'sich' is strictly for reflexive verbs, whereas Bulgarian 'си' is a broader possessive marker.

Japanese partial

jibun no

Japanese is a separate word, while Bulgarian 'си' is a clitic attached to the verb.

Arabic low

nafs

Arabic requires a noun-based construction, unlike the Bulgarian clitic.

Chinese low

zìjǐ de

Chinese is analytic and lacks the clitic nature of Bulgarian 'си'.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
Using 'На' for Possession (На кого е?)
Next
Asking 'Whose is this?' (Чий е?)

Related Grammar Rules

A1

Possessive Pronouns (Моят, Твоят, Неговият)
A1

Possessive Adjectives (Мой, Твой, Негов)
A1

Agreement of Possessive Adjectives
A1

Using 'На' for Possession (На кого е?)
A1

Expressing Possession with 'Имам'
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