C1 Honorifics & Register 1 min read صعب

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Bengali verbs change based on the social distance between the speaker and the listener or subject.

  • Use 'Tui' (intimate) for close friends/God: 'Tui kor' (You do).
  • Use 'Tumi' (familiar) for peers/younger: 'Tumi koro' (You do).
  • Use 'Apni' (formal) for elders/strangers: 'Apni koren' (You do).
Subject (Tui/Tumi/Apni) + Verb Root + Honorific Suffix

Verb 'To Do' (Kora) Honorific Conjugation

Pronoun Present Past Future Imperative
Tui
Korish
Korli
Korbi
Kor
Tumi
Koro
Korle
Korbe
Koro
Apni
Koren
Korlen
Korben
Korun

Meanings

The system of adjusting verb endings to reflect social hierarchy, intimacy, and respect.

1

Intimate (Tui)

Used for very close friends, children, or deities.

“তুই খা।”

“তুই যাবি?”

2

Familiar (Tumi)

Standard for peers, younger people, or family members.

“তুমি খাও।”

“তুমি যাবে?”

3

Formal (Apni)

Used for elders, superiors, or strangers to show respect.

“আপনি খান।”

“আপনি যাবেন?”

Reference Table

Reference table for Advanced Honorific Verb Endings
Form Structure Example
Tui (Intimate)
Root + -is
Tui korish
Tumi (Familiar)
Root + -o
Tumi koro
Apni (Formal)
Root + -en
Apni koren
Negative (Tui)
Tui + Root + -is + na
Tui korish na
Negative (Tumi)
Tumi + Root + -o + na
Tumi koro na
Negative (Apni)
Apni + Root + -en + na
Apni koren na
Question (Formal)
Apni + ki + Verb
Apni ki koren?
Question (Familiar)
Tumi + ki + Verb
Tumi ki koro?

طيف الرسمية

رسمي
আপনি কি খাবেন?

আপনি কি খাবেন? (Mealtime)

محايد
তুমি কি খাবে?

তুমি কি খাবে? (Mealtime)

غير رسمي
তুই কি খাবি?

তুই কি খাবি? (Mealtime)

عامية
খাবি নাকি?

খাবি নাকি? (Mealtime)

Bengali Honorific Hierarchy

Bengali Honorifics

Intimate

  • Tui Close friend/God

Familiar

  • Tumi Peer/Younger

Formal

  • Apni Elder/Stranger

Register Comparison

Tui
Korish Do
Tumi
Koro Do
Apni
Koren Do

أمثلة حسب المستوى

1

আপনি কেমন আছেন?

How are you? (formal)

2

তুমি কি খাবে?

Will you eat? (familiar)

3

তুই আয়।

Come here. (intimate)

4

আপনি বসুন।

Please sit. (formal)

1

আপনি কি চা খাবেন?

Would you like tea?

2

তুমি কি কাজ করছ?

Are you working?

3

তুই এটা করিস না।

Don't do this.

4

আপনি কোথায় যাবেন?

Where will you go?

1

আপনি যদি অনুমতি দেন, আমি যেতে পারি।

If you allow, I can go.

2

তুমি কি গতকাল সেখানে গিয়েছিলে?

Did you go there yesterday?

3

তুই কেন এমন করলি?

Why did you do that?

4

আপনি কি এই বইটি পড়েছেন?

Have you read this book?

1

আপনার কি মনে হয় এটা সঠিক হবে?

Do you think this would be correct?

2

তুমি কি নিশ্চিত যে তুমি এটা করতে পারবে?

Are you sure you can do this?

3

তুই যদি আসতিস, খুব ভালো হতো।

If you had come, it would have been great.

4

আপনি দয়া করে একটু অপেক্ষা করবেন?

Would you please wait a moment?

1

আপনার সদয় অবগতির জন্য জানানো যাচ্ছে যে...

For your kind information...

2

তুমি কি ভেবে দেখেছ এর পরিণাম কী হতে পারে?

Have you considered what the consequences might be?

3

আপনি যদি একটু সময় দিতেন, তবে আমরা বিস্তারিত আলোচনা করতে পারতাম।

If you could spare some time, we could discuss in detail.

4

তুই কি সত্যিই মনে করিস এটা সম্ভব?

Do you really think this is possible?

1

আপনার সুচিন্তিত মতামত আমাদের জন্য অত্যন্ত মূল্যবান।

Your well-thought-out opinion is very valuable to us.

2

তুমি কি কখনো ভেবেছ যে আমাদের এই বন্ধুত্ব কত গভীর?

Have you ever thought about how deep our friendship is?

3

আপনি কি দয়া করে বিষয়টি পুনরায় বিবেচনা করবেন?

Would you please reconsider the matter?

4

তুই যদি না থাকতিস, তবে আমি হয়তো হেরে যেতাম।

If you hadn't been there, I might have lost.

سهل الخلط

Advanced Honorific Verb Endings مقابل Tumi vs Apni

Learners often use Apni for everyone to be safe, missing the warmth of Tumi.

Advanced Honorific Verb Endings مقابل Tui vs Tumi

Tui is often mistaken for Tumi by beginners.

Advanced Honorific Verb Endings مقابل Imperative vs Present

Learners mix up the command form with the present tense.

أخطاء شائعة

Apni korish

Apni koren

Pronoun mismatch.

Tumi koren

Tumi koro

Verb suffix mismatch.

Tui koren

Tui korish

Register clash.

Apni kor

Apni koren

Missing formal suffix.

Tumi korish

Tumi koro

Mixing intimate and familiar.

Apni korli

Apni korlen

Using intimate past tense.

Tui koro

Tui korish

Using familiar verb with intimate pronoun.

Apni korbe

Apni korben

Using familiar future tense.

Tumi korish na

Tumi koro na

Using intimate negative.

Tui korlen

Tui korli

Using formal past tense.

Apni korish

Apni koren

Subtle register slip.

Tui koren

Tui korish

Inappropriate formality.

Tumi korlen

Tumi korle

Using formal past with familiar pronoun.

Apni kor

Apni koren

Using imperative root instead of formal.

أنماط الجُمل

আপনি কি ___?

তুমি কি ___?

তুই কি ___?

যদি আপনি ___ তবে আমি ___.

Real World Usage

Job Interview constant

আপনি কি এই কাজের জন্য প্রস্তুত?

Texting a friend very common

তুই কোথায়?

Ordering food common

আপনি কি খাবারটা দেবেন?

Social Media common

আপনার মতামত কী?

Travel occasional

আপনি কি আমাকে সাহায্য করবেন?

Family dinner constant

তুমি কি খাবে?

💡

When in doubt, use Apni.

It is better to be overly polite than rude.
⚠️

Avoid Tui with strangers.

It can lead to serious social conflict.
🎯

Listen to the speaker.

Mirror the honorific level they use with you.
💬

Age matters.

Always use Apni for elders regardless of status.

Smart Tips

Always start with Apni.

Tumi kemon acho? Apni kemon achen?

Use Tui to show closeness.

Tumi ki korcho? Tui ki korchis?

Use Apni consistently.

Tumi ki bolcho? Apni ki bolchen?

Always use Apni.

Tumi ki khabe? Apni ki khaben?

النطق

koren [ko-ren]

Formal Suffixes

The 'en' suffix is often nasalized.

korish [ko-rish]

Intimate Suffixes

The 'is' suffix is sharp.

Question

Apni ki koren? ↗

Rising intonation for yes/no questions.

احفظها

وسيلة تذكّر

Tui is for Two (close), Tumi is for Team (peers), Apni is for All (respect).

ربط بصري

Imagine a ladder. Tui is at the bottom (close to the ground/intimate), Tumi is in the middle, and Apni is at the top (respectful distance).

Rhyme

Tui for the heart, Tumi for the part, Apni for the smart.

Story

Imagine meeting a king. You must use 'Apni'. Then you meet your best friend, you switch to 'Tui'. Finally, you talk to your classmate, you use 'Tumi'.

Word Web

TuiTumiApniKoraKhawaJawaDekhaBola

تحدٍّ

Write three sentences about your day, one for each honorific level.

ملاحظات ثقافية

More flexible with 'Tumi' and 'Apni'.

Highly formal in professional settings.

Uses distinct honorifics.

Derived from Sanskrit-based social stratification.

بدايات محادثة

আপনি আজ কী করেছেন?

তুমি কি কাল আসবে?

তুই কি এটা দেখেছিস?

আপনি কি চা পছন্দ করেন?

مواضيع للكتابة اليومية

Write about a teacher using formal honorifics.
Write a dialogue with a friend using intimate honorifics.
Describe a meeting with a peer using familiar honorifics.
Reflect on why honorifics matter in Bengali culture.

أخطاء شائعة

Incorrect

صحيح


Incorrect

صحيح


Incorrect

صحيح


Incorrect

صحيح

Test Yourself

Fill in the correct verb form.

আপনি কি চা ___? (khawa)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: খাবেন
Apni requires the -en suffix.
Choose the correct pronoun. اختيار متعدد

___ কি কাজ করছ? (familiar)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: তুমি
Tumi matches the -o suffix.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Tui koren.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Tui korish
Tui requires the -ish suffix.
Change to formal. Sentence Transformation

তুমি কি খাবে? -> ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: আপনি কি খাবেন?
Formal requires Apni and -en.
Is this true? True False Rule

Tui is for strangers.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
Tui is for close friends.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: আপনি কেমন আছেন? B: ___

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: আমি ভালো আছি।
Standard response.
Build the sentence. Sentence Building

Apni / koren / ki / ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Apni ki koren?
Correct word order.
Conjugate 'Jawa' (to go) for Tui. Conjugation Drill

Tui ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: যাবি
Tui future tense.

Score: /8

تمارين تطبيقية

8 exercises
Fill in the correct verb form.

আপনি কি চা ___? (khawa)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: খাবেন
Apni requires the -en suffix.
Choose the correct pronoun. اختيار متعدد

___ কি কাজ করছ? (familiar)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: তুমি
Tumi matches the -o suffix.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Tui koren.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Tui korish
Tui requires the -ish suffix.
Change to formal. Sentence Transformation

তুমি কি খাবে? -> ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: আপনি কি খাবেন?
Formal requires Apni and -en.
Is this true? True False Rule

Tui is for strangers.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
Tui is for close friends.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: আপনি কেমন আছেন? B: ___

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: আমি ভালো আছি।
Standard response.
Build the sentence. Sentence Building

Apni / koren / ki / ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Apni ki koren?
Correct word order.
Conjugate 'Jawa' (to go) for Tui. Conjugation Drill

Tui ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: যাবি
Tui future tense.

Score: /8

الأسئلة الشائعة (8)

Yes, it is the safest choice, but you might seem distant.

Apologize immediately and switch to Apni.

Only in very specific, poetic, or religious contexts.

When the other person invites you to or after a long period of friendship.

No, Bengali honorifics are gender-neutral.

Yes, it is the standard for respect.

There are regional variations, but these three are standard.

Try to identify the honorific level in Bengali movies.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish moderate

Tu/Usted

Bengali has three tiers, Spanish has two.

French moderate

Tu/Vous

Bengali's Tui is more intimate than French tu.

German moderate

Du/Sie

Bengali honorifics affect every verb, not just pronouns.

Japanese high

Keigo

Japanese is more complex in its honorific system.

Arabic low

Anta/Antum

Arabic uses pluralization for respect, Bengali uses specific suffixes.

Chinese low

Ni/Nin

Bengali changes the verb, Chinese changes the pronoun.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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