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B1 adverb 8 دقيقة للقراءة

اندکی

andaki
أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح اندکی في 30 ثانية
الشرح اندکی in your Level:
At the A1 level, learners usually focus on the simplest word for 'little,' which is 'kam' (کم). However, introducing 'andaki' at this stage helps students recognize that Persian has different levels of formality. A1 students should understand 'andaki' as a 'polite' version of 'a little.' They might encounter it in simple signs (e.g., 'andaki sabr' - wait a little) or very basic formal greetings. The focus is on recognizing the word rather than producing it in complex sentences. We teach them that '-i' at the end makes it 'a little bit' of something. For example, 'andaki āb' means 'a little water.' It is a good way to introduce the concept of formal vs. informal Persian early on. Students are encouraged to see it as a single unit meaning 'slightly' or 'a bit.'
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
By A2, learners are beginning to construct more varied sentences. They can start using 'andaki' to modify adjectives, such as 'andaki garm' (a little warm) or 'andaki geran' (a little expensive). This level focuses on using the word in predictable contexts like shopping, weather, and basic health. An A2 student might say 'Hava andaki sard ast' (The weather is slightly cold) to sound more sophisticated than using 'kheyli kam.' We also introduce the idea that 'andaki' is used in written instructions. They learn that this word is more likely to be found in a textbook or a formal letter than in a text message to a friend. The goal is to expand their vocabulary beyond the most basic adjectives.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
At the B1 level, which is the target for this word, learners should be able to use 'andaki' fluently in both written and spoken contexts where a neutral or formal tone is required. They should understand its role as an adverb of degree and a quantifier. B1 students learn to use it in temporal phrases like 'andaki ba'd' (a little later) and in expressing nuanced opinions. For example, 'In pishnahad andaki ajib ast' (This proposal is a bit strange). They start to see how 'andaki' helps in 'softening' statements, a key part of Persian social etiquette. They should also be able to distinguish 'andaki' from its synonyms like 'qadri' and 'kamy' based on the subtle differences in register and context.
At the B2 level, students explore the stylistic functions of 'andaki.' They use it to create balance in their writing and to avoid repetition. A B2 learner might use 'andaki' in a formal debate or a complex essay to qualify their arguments. For instance, 'andaki az in moshkelat be dalil-e...' (A small part of these problems is due to...). They also begin to recognize 'andaki' in contemporary Persian literature and news analysis, understanding how it contributes to a professional and objective tone. At this level, the focus shifts to the nuances of placement and how 'andaki' can be used to emphasize or de-emphasize specific points in a narrative or analytical text.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
For C1 learners, 'andaki' is part of a deep repertoire of synonyms. They use it with high precision, often choosing it over 'kamy' specifically for its rhythmic or literary quality. C1 students study classical texts where 'andaki' appears in philosophical and Sufi contexts, representing the 'smallness' of the human condition or the 'slight' difference between truth and falsehood. They can use it in high-level academic writing, such as 'andaki ta'amol dar in mored' (a little reflection on this matter). They also understand how 'andaki' functions in complex grammatical structures, such as within relative clauses or as part of compound idiomatic expressions that are less common in everyday speech.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
At the C2 level, the mastery of 'andaki' is complete. The learner understands every historical and stylistic nuance of the word. They can appreciate its use in the 'Shahnameh' or the 'Masnavi' and compare it with modern usage. In their own production, they use 'andaki' to achieve specific rhetorical effects, such as irony or extreme politeness. They are aware of how the word has evolved and can identify its use in various regional dialects of Persian (like Dari or Tajik) where the frequency might differ. For a C2 speaker, 'andaki' is not just a word for 'a little'; it is a tool for precision, a mark of education, and a nod to the long history of Persian prose and poetic tradition.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح

اندکی في 30 ثانية

  • Andaki is a formal Persian adverb meaning 'a little' or 'slightly'.
  • It is more literary than the common word 'kam' and is used in professional contexts.
  • The word can modify adjectives, verbs, or act as a quantifier for nouns.
  • It is frequently used for small time durations and subtle emotional states.

The Persian word اندکی (andaki) is a sophisticated and versatile adverb that translates primarily to 'a little,' 'slightly,' or 'to a small extent.' While it shares a root with the adjective 'andak' (small/few), the addition of the suffix '-i' transforms it into a measure of degree or quantity that carries a more literary and refined tone than the everyday word 'kam' (کم). In the tapestry of Persian communication, using andaki signals a level of precision and politeness. It is the linguistic equivalent of using 'a touch' or 'somewhat' instead of just saying 'a bit.'

Quantity and Volume
When referring to physical amounts, اندکی suggests a portion that is small but sufficient or noteworthy. For example, 'andaki āb' (a little water) implies a modest amount often used in recipes or formal descriptions.
Temporal Measurement
It is frequently used to describe short durations of time. The phrase 'andaki ba'd' (shortly after) is a staple in narrative storytelling and news reporting to indicate a brief lapse before an event occurs.
Degree of Emotion or State
In psychological or emotional contexts, it softens the impact of a statement. Saying someone is 'andaki negaran' (slightly worried) is more formal and less blunt than using common colloquialisms.

لطفاً اندکی صبر کنید تا نتیجه اعلام شود.

Translation: Please wait a little while until the result is announced.

Historically, this word appears frequently in classical Persian poetry and prose, from Saadi to Hafez, often used to denote the humility of the speaker or the fleeting nature of worldly things. In modern contexts, you will find it in academic papers, high-end journalism, and formal correspondence. It avoids the casualness of 'yek kam' while remaining accessible to any B1-level learner. Understanding andaki is about understanding the Persian preference for understatement and elegance in expression.

او اندکی تغییر در برنامه ایجاد کرد.

Translation: He made a slight change in the schedule.
Register Variation
While 'kamy' is its closest synonym, 'andaki' feels more deliberate. In a legal document or a medical report, 'andaki' is preferred to describe minor deviations or small quantities.

Mastering اندکی requires recognizing its placement within the sentence structure, which typically precedes the adjective or noun it modifies. In Persian grammar, this word acts as a quantifier or an adverb of degree, providing a specific shade of meaning that suggests 'not much, but enough to be noticed.' It is essential for learners to distinguish between its use as a standalone adverb and its role as a modifier.

Modifying Adjectives
When modifying an adjective, اندکی comes directly before it. Example: 'andaki dars-khan' (slightly studious) or 'andaki geran' (slightly expensive). This usage is very common in reviews and comparisons.
Quantifying Nouns
As a quantifier, it precedes the noun. Unlike 'kamy' which can sometimes feel more concrete, 'andaki' often refers to abstract concepts like 'andaki omid' (a little hope) or 'andaki tavajoh' (a little attention).

هوا اندکی سردتر از دیروز است.

Translation: The weather is slightly colder than yesterday.

In complex sentences, andaki often pairs with 'ba'd' (after) or 'pish' (before) to create temporal markers. For instance, 'andaki pish az marg' (shortly before death) is a standard literary phrase. In technical writing, it helps in maintaining objectivity by avoiding absolute terms. Instead of saying something is 'not important,' one might say it is of 'andaki ahammiyat' (slight importance) to remain professional.

او اندکی پول برای روز مبادا پس‌انداز کرد.

Translation: He saved a little money for a rainy day.
Positioning in Negative Sentences
When used with negative verbs, it can emphasize the lack of something: 'Hich, hatta andaki ham...' (Nothing, not even a little...).

The word اندکی is a bridge between the formal world of literature and the polite world of social interaction. You will encounter it most frequently in settings where precision and decorum are valued. It is not a word you would typically hear in a boisterous street market, but it is exactly what you would hear in a doctor's office, a university lecture, or a news broadcast.

News and Media
Journalists use 'andaki' to report minor fluctuations in the stock market or slight changes in political climates. 'Shakhese bourse andaki kahesh yaft' (The stock index decreased slightly) is a very common headline structure.
Formal Invitations and Instructions
In instructions, 'andaki' provides a gentle directive. A cooking show host might say, 'andaki Roghan ezafe konid' (add a little oil), which sounds more professional than the colloquial 'ye kam'.

پس از اندکی تأمل، او پاسخ داد.

Translation: After a little reflection, he replied.

In the realm of Persian cinema and television dramas, 'andaki' is used by characters who are educated, refined, or trying to be persuasive. It adds a layer of 'shakhsiat' (character/class) to the dialogue. If a character says 'andaki sabr kon' instead of 'ye lahze vayssa,' it immediately tells the audience something about their social background or the gravity of the situation.

این دارو ممکن است باعث اندکی سرگیجه شود.

Translation: This medicine may cause a little dizziness.
Literature
Modern Persian novels use 'andaki' to describe subtle sensory details—a slight smell of jasmine, a little light filtering through a window—to create atmosphere without being overly dramatic.

Learning to use اندکی correctly involves navigating the fine line between formal and informal registers. Many learners either over-apply it in casual settings or confuse it with its more common synonyms. Understanding these pitfalls will help you sound more like a native speaker who has a command of different linguistic styles.

Register Mismatch
Using 'andaki' while hanging out with close friends at a fast-food joint might sound overly stiff or even sarcastic. In such cases, 'ye kam' or 'ye zareh' is much more natural. Save 'andaki' for when you want to impress or show respect.
Confusing 'Andak' and 'Andaki'
'Andak' is an adjective meaning 'small/few' (e.g., forsat-e andak - small opportunity). 'Andaki' is usually the adverbial form. While they are related, 'andaki' is more commonly used to modify verbs and adjectives or to act as a quantifier in modern prose.

اشتباه: من اندکی گرسنه هستم. (In a casual setting)

Correction: In casual speech, say 'Ye kam gishne-am'. Use 'andaki' in writing.

Another mistake is the redundant use of 'kamy' and 'andaki' together. They serve the same purpose, so picking one is sufficient. Furthermore, be careful with the placement; placing 'andaki' after the noun it modifies is a rare poetic construction and should be avoided in standard modern Persian unless you are specifically mimicking an archaic style.

اشتباه: اندکی کتاب‌ها روی میز است.

Correction: Use 'tedadi ketab' or 'andaki az ketabha'.
Pronunciation
Do not drop the final 'i' sound. In some dialects, 'andak' is used alone, but 'andaki' is the standard form for the adverbial 'a little'.

Persian is rich with words that describe 'smallness' or 'small amounts.' Choosing the right one depends entirely on the context and the level of formality you wish to achieve. اندکی sits comfortably in the middle-to-high register, making it a safe choice for most written work.

کمی (Kamy)
The most direct synonym. 'Kamy' is slightly more common and slightly less formal than 'andaki'. They are often interchangeable in news and academic writing.
قدری (Qadri)
This word specifically implies 'a certain amount.' It is often used when the small amount is significant or when asking for something (e.g., 'qadri nan' - a bit of bread). It feels very polite and traditional.
مختصری (Mokhtasari)
Used when referring to length or detail. For example, 'tozihi mokhtasar' (a brief explanation). It implies brevity and efficiency.
جزیی (Joz'i)
Translates to 'minor' or 'trivial.' Use this for technical descriptions of small errors or tiny parts of a whole.

مقایسه:
۱. اندکی نمک (Formal/Literary)
۲. یه ذره نمک (Very Informal/Colloquial)

For learners, the key is to move away from using 'kheyli kam' (very little) and start using 'andaki' to express the same idea with more linguistic flair. In poetic contexts, you might even see 'andak' used as a noun, but for everyday B1-level usage, focusing on 'andaki' as an adverb will provide the most benefit.

How Formal Is It?

حقيقة ممتعة

The word 'andak' is related to the Sanskrit 'antaka', though in Persian it evolved to specifically mean quantity rather than termination.

دليل النطق

UK /æn.dæ.kiː/
US /æn.dæ.ki/
The stress is typically on the second syllable 'dæ'.
يتقافى مع
اندکی (andaki) رودکی (rudaki) کودکی (kudaki) زیرکی (ziraki) نازکی (nazaki) بانمکی (banamaki) پولکی (pulaki) موشکی (mushaki)
أخطاء شائعة
  • Pronouncing it as 'andak' (omitting the final 'i').
  • Putting too much stress on the first syllable.
  • Confusing the 'a' sound with 'o'.
  • Making the final 'i' too short.
  • Pronouncing the 'k' as a 'g'.

مستوى الصعوبة

القراءة 2/5

Easy to recognize in texts once the root 'andak' is known.

الكتابة 3/5

Requires knowledge of register to use appropriately.

التحدث 3/5

Learners often default to 'ye kam', making 'andaki' a step up.

الاستماع 2/5

Distinct pronunciation makes it easy to hear in formal speech.

ماذا تتعلّم بعد ذلك

المتطلبات الأساسية

کم زیاد بسیار صبر وقت

تعلّم لاحقاً

قدری مختصر جزیی ناچیز اندک‌مانده

متقدم

قلیل شمه‌ای نمودی سرسوزنی کما‌بیش
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

أمثلة حسب المستوى

1

اندکی آب بنوش.

Drink a little water.

Simple imperative with a quantifier.

2

اندکی صبر کن.

Wait a little.

Common phrase using the imperative.

3

هوا اندکی گرم است.

The weather is a little warm.

Subject + Adverb + Adjective + Verb.

4

او اندکی نان خورد.

He ate a little bread.

Past tense with a quantifier.

5

اندکی بخند!

Smile a little!

Using 'andaki' with a verb.

6

کتاب اندکی بزرگ است.

The book is a little big.

Modifying an adjective.

7

اندکی پول دارم.

I have a little money.

Possession with a quantifier.

8

اندکی راه برو.

Walk a little.

Verb phrase with 'andaki'.

1

او اندکی دیر به کلاس رسید.

He arrived a little late to class.

Adverb modifying another adverb/adjective.

2

این لباس اندکی برای من تنگ است.

This dress is a little tight for me.

Expressing degree of a physical state.

3

لطفاً اندکی شکر در چای بریزید.

Please pour a little sugar in the tea.

Polite request with 'andaki'.

4

فیلم اندکی طولانی بود.

The movie was a little long.

Simple past description.

5

اندکی بعد، باران شروع شد.

Shortly after, the rain started.

Temporal adverbial phrase.

6

او اندکی از غذایش را به من داد.

He gave me a little of his food.

Using 'andaki az' (a little of).

7

مسیر اندکی دشوار بود.

The path was slightly difficult.

Descriptive adjective modification.

8

اندکی استراحت برای شما لازم است.

A little rest is necessary for you.

Andaki + Noun as a subject phrase.

1

او اندکی نگران نتایج امتحان است.

He is slightly worried about the exam results.

Adverb of degree for emotions.

2

این تغییرات اندکی در روند کار تأثیر می‌گذارد.

These changes affect the workflow slightly.

Formal sentence structure.

3

پس از اندکی جستجو، کلید را پیدا کردم.

After a little searching, I found the key.

Using 'andaki' after a prepositional phrase.

4

اندکی تفاوت بین این دو رنگ وجود دارد.

There is a slight difference between these two colors.

Noun phrase with 'andaki' as the head.

5

او اندکی با احتیاط صحبت می‌کرد.

He was speaking with a little caution.

Modifying a prepositional phrase.

6

اندکی فرصت باقی مانده است.

A little opportunity/time remains.

Formal quantifier.

7

او اندکی از حرف‌های مرا متوجه نشد.

He didn't understand a small part of what I said.

Partitive use with 'az'.

8

قیمت‌ها اندکی افزایش یافته است.

Prices have increased slightly.

Standard news/business register.

1

اندکی تأمل در این موضوع، حقیقت را روشن می‌کند.

A little reflection on this subject clarifies the truth.

Formal subject phrase in an analytical sentence.

2

او اندکی از مواضع خود عقب‌نشینی کرد.

He withdrew slightly from his positions.

Idiomatic/Formal political usage.

3

این اثر هنری اندکی فراتر از زمان خود بود.

This artwork was slightly ahead of its time.

Expressing subtle abstract degrees.

4

اندکی تردید در چشمانش دیده می‌شد.

A little doubt could be seen in his eyes.

Literary description.

5

گزارش اندکی با واقعیت فاصله داشت.

The report was slightly distant from reality.

Formal critique.

6

اندکی پیش از غروب، به روستا رسیدیم.

Shortly before sunset, we reached the village.

Complex temporal adverbial.

7

او اندکی به توانایی‌های خود شک کرد.

He doubted his abilities a little.

Verb modification in psychological context.

8

اندکی تلاش بیشتر، موفقیت را تضمین می‌کند.

A little more effort guarantees success.

Condition-like subject phrase.

1

اندکی از این شرابِ معرفت، جان را صفا می‌دهد.

A little of this wine of knowledge purifies the soul.

Sufi/Literary metaphor.

2

او اندکی در بیانِ مقصودِ خویش لغزش داشت.

He had a slight slip in expressing his intention.

High-level formal prose.

3

اندکی درنگ در این مرحله، خساراتِ جبران‌ناپذیری دارد.

A little hesitation at this stage has irreparable damages.

Academic/Professional warning.

4

او اندکی بر لبه‌ی پرتگاهِ ناامیدی ایستاده بود.

He was standing slightly on the edge of the abyss of despair.

Metaphorical literary usage.

5

اندکی از شکوهِ گذشته در ویرانه‌ها باقی است.

A little of the past glory remains in the ruins.

Poetic historical observation.

6

اندکی از حقایقِ تاریخی همچنان در پرده‌ی ابهام است.

A few historical facts are still shrouded in ambiguity.

Scholarly tone.

7

او اندکی با طعنه و کنایه سخن می‌گفت.

He was speaking with a touch of sarcasm and irony.

Describing nuanced social interaction.

8

اندکی از بارِ مسئولیت بر دوشِ او سنگینی می‌کرد.

A little of the burden of responsibility weighed on his shoulders.

Abstract metaphorical quantifier.

1

اندکی از آن شمیمِ قدسی در فضای ایوان پیچیده بود.

A little of that sacred scent was wafting through the porch.

Archaic/High-literary register.

2

او اندکی در ساحتِ اندیشه، بی‌باکانه گام برمی‌داشت.

He stepped somewhat boldly into the realm of thought.

Abstract philosophical prose.

3

اندکی از غبارِ ایام بر چهره‌اش نشسته بود.

A little of the dust of time had settled on his face.

Classic Persian metaphor for aging.

4

اندکی تامل در نصوصِ کهن، افق‌های جدیدی می‌گشاید.

A little reflection on ancient texts opens new horizons.

Academic research register.

5

او اندکی از جامِ بلا نوشیده بود و صبور می‌نمود.

He had drunk a little from the cup of calamity and seemed patient.

Highly idiomatic literary expression.

6

اندکی از این مایه، برایِ تلطیفِ فضا کفایت می‌کند.

A little of this substance suffices to soften the atmosphere.

Formal instructional/poetic mix.

7

او اندکی با دیده‌ی تردید به این مکتب می‌نگریست.

He looked at this school of thought with a bit of a skeptical eye.

Sophisticated metaphorical adverbial.

8

اندکی از آن شور و حالِ جوانی در رگ‌هایش باقی بود.

A little of that youthful passion remained in his veins.

Evocative literary description.

تلازمات شائعة

اندکی بعد
اندکی پیش
اندکی صبر
اندکی تفاوت
اندکی نگران
اندکی تأمل
اندکی تغییر
اندکی پول
اندکی نمک
اندکی دورتر

العبارات الشائعة

اندکی صبر، سحر نزدیک است

— Be a little patient, the morning (relief) is near. A famous line from a poem.

ناامید نشو، اندکی صبر سحر نزدیک است.

پس از اندکی

— After a little while. Used as a transition in stories.

پس از اندکی، همه چیز آرام شد.

اندکی بیش نیست

— It is not more than a little. Used to downplay something.

این مایه اندکی بیش نیست.

حتی اندکی

— Even a little. Used for emphasis in negative sentences.

او حتی اندکی هم غذا نخورد.

اندکی پیش از این

— Shortly before this. A formal temporal marker.

اندکی پیش از این حادثه، او آنجا بود.

اندکی به فکر خود باش

— Think about yourself a little. A common advice.

خیلی کار می‌کنی، اندکی به فکر خود باش.

اندکی آرام‌تر

— A little calmer or a little quieter.

لطفاً اندکی آرام‌تر صحبت کنید.

اندکی دقت

— A little precision or care.

با اندکی دقت می‌توان این کار را انجام داد.

اندکی تردید

— A little doubt.

او بدون اندکی تردید پذیرفت.

اندکی از همه چیز

— A little of everything.

او اندکی از همه چیز می‌دانست.

تعبيرات اصطلاحية

"اندکی صبر، سحر نزدیک است"

— Patience leads to success. Used to encourage someone in a tough spot.

دوست من، اندکی صبر سحر نزدیک است.

Literary/Proverbial
"اندکی به خود آمدن"

— To come to one's senses a little bit.

بعد از شنیدن خبر، اندکی به خود آمد.

Neutral
"اندکی از بسیار"

— A little out of a lot. Used when giving a small sample of a large topic.

این‌ها اندکی از بسیار بود که گفتم.

Formal
"اندکی دست و پا زدن"

— To struggle slightly to achieve something.

برای رسیدن به هدف، اندکی دست و پا زد.

Neutral
"اندکی با هم کنار آمدن"

— To compromise slightly with each other.

آن‌ها باید اندکی با هم کنار بیایند.

Neutral
"اندکی دل سرد شدن"

— To become slightly discouraged.

او از این شکست اندکی دل‌سرد شد.

Neutral
"اندکی پا پس کشیدن"

— To retreat slightly from a position or commitment.

دولت اندکی پا پس کشید.

Formal/Political
"اندکی روی خوش نشان دادن"

— To show a little kindness or friendliness.

بالاخره اندکی روی خوش نشان داد.

Neutral
"اندکی سر کیسه را شل کردن"

— To spend a little more money than usual (slightly loosening the purse strings).

باید اندکی سر کیسه را شل کنی.

Informal/Idiomatic
"اندکی به سیم آخر زدن"

— To act slightly recklessly or out of character.

او اندکی به سیم آخر زده است.

Informal

عائلة الكلمة

الأسماء

اندک

الصفات

اندک

مرتبط

کم
کمی
کمیاب
کمینه
اندک‌اندک
سجّل مجاناً لرؤية جميع الأمثلة

احفظها

وسيلة تذكّر

Think of 'And' + 'A' + 'Key'. A small key (andaki) can open a big door of understanding.

ربط بصري

Imagine a tiny pinch of salt being dropped into a large pot. That pinch is 'andaki'.

Word Web

کم مقدار زمان ادب کتاب صبر تغییر کمی

تحدٍّ

Try to use 'andaki' three times today instead of 'ye kam' when writing an email or practicing your speaking.

أصل الكلمة

The word 'andaki' comes from the Middle Persian (Pahlavi) word 'andak'. It has been a staple of the Persian language for over a millennium.

المعنى الأصلي: Small, few, or insignificant.

Indo-European -> Indo-Iranian -> Iranian -> West Iranian -> Persian.

السياق الثقافي

No specific sensitivities, but using it in very low-register slang might seem out of place.

Similar to 'a tad' or 'a smidge' but with a more formal and literary tone.

Poem by Saadi: 'Andak andak kheyli shavad' (Little by little it becomes a lot). The phrase 'Andaki sabr...' from modern literature. Used frequently in the titles of Persian short stories to denote minimalism.

تدرّب في الحياة الواقعية

سياقات واقعية

Cooking

  • اندکی نمک اضافه کنید
  • اندکی روغن بریزید
  • اندکی حرارت را کم کنید
  • اندکی زعفران بزنید

Professional Meetings

سجّل مجاناً للنصائح والملاحظات

محتوى ذو صلة

مزيد من كلمات weather

عقب نشینی کردن

B1

التراجع؛ لأن جبهة الطقس أو النظام يتحرك للخلف. اضطر الجيش للتراجع من المنطقة المتنازع عليها. تراجعت الجبهة الباردة باتجاه الجنوب.

عقب رفتن

B1

التحرك إلى الخلف أو التراجع؛ الذهاب عكسياً. الفعل 'عقب رفتن' يعني التحرك إلى الخلف، مثل سيارة ترجع للخلف، أو لشيء ما أن يتدهور أو يتراجع في التقدم أو الجودة.

عرض جغرافیایی

B1

المسافة الزاوية لمكان ما شمال أو جنوب خط الاستواء الأرضي.

آب شدن

B1

يذوب. يتحول من الحالة الصلبة إلى الحالة السائلة بسبب الحرارة.

ابهام

B1

الغموض هو صفة الانفتاح على أكثر من تفسير واحد.

ابرناکی

B1

The state or degree of being cloudy.

ابری شدن

B1

تصبح السماء ملبدة بالغيوم، مما يجعلها تبدو رمادية أو داكنة. يصبح الطقس غائماً.

ابریشمین

B1

حريري؛ يشبه الحرير في الملمس أو المظهر. لها شعر حريري (abrishamin) ناعم.

افق

B1

الأفق هو الخط الذي يلتقي فيه السماء والأرض.

آفتاب سوختگی

B1

حروق الشمس، أو "آفتاب سوختگی" بالفارسية، هي التهاب في الجلد ناتج عن التعرض المفرط لأشعة الشمس. تظهر على شكل احمرار وألم وأحيانًا بثور. من المهم الحماية من الشمس لتجنبها.

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