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A2 noun #8,600 الأكثر شيوعاً 12 دقيقة للقراءة

پسردایی

Q: How do I say 'my maternal cousins' (plural)?

You say 'پسرداییهایم' (pesardâyihâyam). The '-hâ' makes it plural and '-yam' makes it 'my'.

pesardaayi الأكثر شيوعاً #8,600

تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح پسردایی في 30 ثانية

الشرح پسردایی in your Level:

At the A1 level, you only need to know that 'pesardâyi' means a male cousin. You should recognize that Persian has many words for 'cousin' and this is one of them. You should be able to say 'This is my pesardâyi' (In pesardâyi-ye man ast) and understand that it refers to a male relative. At this stage, don't worry too much about the other seven types of cousins, but remember that 'pesar' means boy and 'dâyi' is your mother's brother. If you see this word in a simple family tree exercise, you should be able to point to the correct person. Focus on the basic pronunciation: pe-sar-dâ-yi. It is a very common word because family is the center of life in Iran, so you will see it in early lessons about 'The Family' (Khânevâdeh). You might also learn it alongside other simple nouns like 'mâdar' (mother) and 'pedar' (father). Even at A1, knowing this specific word will impress your Persian friends because it shows you are trying to learn the 'real' way Iranians speak about their relatives rather than just using a generic word for cousin.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

At the A2 level, you should be able to use 'pesardâyi' in simple sentences with possessive suffixes and basic verbs. You should understand the difference between 'pesardâyi' (mother's brother's son) and 'pesaramu' (father's brother's son). You can describe your pesardâyi using simple adjectives: 'Pesardâyi-ye man khayli mehrabân ast' (My maternal male cousin is very kind). You should also be able to form plurals and use the word in the context of daily activities, such as 'I am going to the park with my pesardâyi.' At this level, you are expected to know that the 'e' sound (Ezafe) links 'pesar' and 'dâyi', and that when you add 'my' (-am), it becomes 'pesardâyi-yam'. You should also be comfortable hearing this word in basic listening exercises about family members' jobs or ages. This word is a key building block for your vocabulary in the CEFR A2 'Personal and Family Information' category. You should also start to recognize the female equivalent, 'dokhtardâyi', and be able to switch between them correctly based on the gender of the person you are describing.

At the B1 level, you should be able to use 'pesardâyi' in more complex narratives and understand its cultural significance in Iranian society. You should be able to talk about your relationship with your pesardâyi in the past, present, and future tenses. For example, 'When we were children, my pesardâyi and I used to play in my grandmother's garden.' You should also be aware of the social expectations surrounding this relationship, such as attending their wedding or helping them in times of need. At this level, you can use the word in the context of 'Ta'arof' (Persian etiquette). For instance, when introducing your pesardâyi, you might use more polite forms or add 'jân' to the end. You should also be able to understand the word when it appears in short stories or news articles about family businesses or social events. Your grammar should be more precise, ensuring that verb agreement and pluralization are always correct. You might also start to learn about the 'Dâyi' (maternal uncle) role in depth, which helps you understand why the 'pesardâyi' is such a frequent character in Persian anecdotes and jokes.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

At the B2 level, you should have a nuanced understanding of 'pesardâyi' and be able to discuss complex family dynamics. You can explain the intricacies of the Persian kinship system to others and discuss why these specific terms are used instead of a general word for 'cousin'. You should be able to use 'pesardâyi' in hypothetical sentences or conditional structures, such as 'If my pesardâyi had lived in Tehran, we would have seen him more often.' At this level, you should also be comfortable with the word in professional or semi-formal contexts, such as discussing a colleague's family or a legal matter involving relatives. You should be able to distinguish between the formal 'Pesar-e Dâyi' and the more colloquial 'Pesardâyi' in both speech and writing. Your vocabulary should also include related idioms or common expressions involving cousins. You should be able to follow a fast-paced conversation between native speakers where multiple cousins are mentioned and keep track of who is related to whom. This level requires a deep grasp of the 'maternal' vs 'paternal' social divide in Middle Eastern cultures.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

At the C1 level, 'pesardâyi' is a word you use with complete naturalness and cultural fluency. You can use it in literary analysis, such as discussing the role of the 'maternal cousin' in classical Persian poetry or modern novels like 'The Blind Owl' or the works of Simin Daneshvar. You understand the subtle social cues associated with the word—for example, how mentioning your 'pesardâyi' in a certain context might imply a specific social class or regional background. You should be able to handle complex grammatical structures involving the word, such as nested Ezafe constructions or advanced relative clauses. You can also engage in debates about modern changes in Iranian family structures, such as the shift from large extended families to nuclear families, and how the role of the 'pesardâyi' is evolving in the diaspora. Your pronunciation should be indistinguishable from a native speaker, including the correct intonation and the subtle shortening of vowels in colloquial speech. You should also be familiar with archaic or dialectal variations of the word if you encounter them in older texts or regional dialects.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

At the C2 level, your mastery of 'pesardâyi' includes an understanding of its etymological roots and its place in the broader Indo-European language family. You can discuss the historical development of Persian kinship terms from Old Persian and Middle Persian (Pahlavi) to the modern day. You are fully aware of the legal, religious, and sociological implications of this specific relationship in various Persian-speaking regions (Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan). You can use the word in high-level academic writing or when translating complex legal documents where the distinction between maternal and paternal lineage is critical. You also understand the psychological archetypes often associated with the 'pesardâyi' in Persian folklore and storytelling. At this level, the word is not just a vocabulary item but a symbol of the deep-seated cultural values of the Persian-speaking world. You can navigate any social situation, no matter how formal or dialect-heavy, involving family introductions and kinship discussions with total ease and sophistication. You might even be able to explain how the concept of 'pesardâyi' differs slightly in Dari or Tajik contexts.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح

پسردایی في 30 ثانية

A specific Persian term for a maternal uncle's son.
Combines 'pesar' (son) and 'dâyi' (maternal uncle).
Essential for distinguishing maternal vs. paternal cousins.
Used in both formal and informal family contexts.

The Persian word پسردایی (Pesardâyi) is a compound noun that specifically identifies a male cousin from the mother's side of the family—specifically, the son of one's maternal uncle. In English, the word 'cousin' is a broad umbrella term that covers eight different specific relationships in Persian. Understanding pesardâyi is essential for navigating the intricate web of Iranian kinship, which prioritizes clarity regarding lineage and household connections. The word is formed by combining پسر (pesar), meaning 'son', and دایی (dâyi), meaning 'maternal uncle'. This linguistic precision reflects the historical and cultural importance of the extended family in Persian-speaking societies, where the role of the maternal uncle (the dâyi) is often one of great affection, protection, and social support.

Literal Translation: Son of the maternal uncle. Unlike Western cultures that use 'cousin' for everyone, Persian speakers need to know exactly which branch of the tree you are referring to.
Social Context: In Iran, cousins are often as close as siblings. A pesardâyi is frequently a childhood playmate, a confidant, and a constant presence at family gatherings like Nowruz (New Year) or Shab-e Yalda.

امروز با پسردایی عزیزم به بازار رفتیم تا برای عید خرید کنیم.
— Translation: Today, I went to the bazaar with my dear maternal male cousin to shop for the New Year.

The usage of this word extends beyond mere identification. In many Iranian households, the maternal side of the family is viewed through a lens of warmth and emotional closeness. While the paternal side (the amu and ammeh) might represent authority or traditional lineage, the maternal side (the dâyi and khâleh) is often associated with comfort. Therefore, your pesardâyi is someone you might share secrets with or turn to when you need a favor that you don't want your parents to know about immediately. The word is used in both formal and informal registers, though in very casual speech, the 'e' of the Ezafe (the invisible link between pesar and dâyi) is often shortened or swallowed.

آیا پسردایی شما هم در دانشگاه تهران درس می‌خواند؟
— Translation: Does your maternal male cousin also study at the University of Tehran?

Grammatical Structure: It is a compound noun. Pesar (Son) + -e- (Ezafe) + Dâyi (Maternal Uncle). In writing, it is often written as one word or with a half-space (Z-space), but it is pronounced as a single unit: pesardâyi.

When you meet someone for the first time and they are introduced as a 'cousin', an Iranian listener will almost always wait for the specific term. Saying 'He is my cousin' (U pesar-amuye man ast - using the paternal term) conveys a different social flavor than saying 'He is my pesardâyi'. The latter immediately places the individual on the mother's side of the family tree, which might lead to questions about your mother's health or your uncle's business. It is a word that builds a map of your social world in the mind of the listener.

من و پسردایی‌ام از بچگی با هم بزرگ شدیم.
— Translation: My maternal male cousin and I grew up together since childhood.

In summary, pesardâyi is more than a label; it is a vital part of the Persian kinship vocabulary that emphasizes maternal lineage. It is used daily in family conversations, introductions, and storytelling to provide precise genealogical information that English speakers usually leave vague.

Using پسردایی (Pesardâyi) correctly involves understanding the Ezafe construction and the possessive suffixes. Because it is a compound noun, you must decide how to attach 'my', 'your', or 'his/her' to it. In standard Persian, you add the suffix to the end of the entire compound. For example, 'my maternal male cousin' becomes پسردایی‌ام (pesardâyi-yam). Notice the 'y' that appears to bridge the vowel sound of 'i' in dâyi and the suffix 'am'. This is a common phonetic requirement in Persian grammar.

Possessive Forms

پسردایی‌ام (Pesardâyi-yam) - My cousin
پسردایی‌ات (Pesardâyi-yat) - Your cousin (informal)
پسردایی‌اش (Pesardâyi-yash) - His/Her cousin
پسردایی‌مان (Pesardâyi-yemân) - Our cousin

پسردایی‌اش مهندس است و در آلمان زندگی می‌کند.
— Translation: His maternal male cousin is an engineer and lives in Germany.

When pluralizing, you add the plural marker ها (hâ) to the end. So, 'maternal male cousins' becomes پسردایی‌ها (pesardâyihâ). In a sentence, you might say, 'All my maternal male cousins are coming to the party.' This would be: Hame-ye pesardâyihâyam be mehmâni mi-âyand. Note how the plural marker comes before the possessive suffix. This sequence is vital for grammatical accuracy in Persian.

من پنج پسردایی دارم که همه از من بزرگتر هستند.
— Translation: I have five maternal male cousins who are all older than me.

Another important aspect is using the word as a title or a way to address someone. While you wouldn't usually call someone 'Cousin!' in English as a name, in Persian, it is common to address your cousin as پسردایی (pesardâyi) or پسردایی‌جان (pesardâyi-jân) to show affection. Adding 'jân' (dear/soul) is a hallmark of Persian politeness and warmth. 'Pesardâyi-jân, can you help me with this?' sounds much more natural and polite than just using a name in a close family setting.

پسردایی‌جان، خیلی خوشحالم که به دیدن ما آمدی.
— Translation: Dear maternal male cousin, I am very happy that you came to visit us.

Formal vs. Informal: In formal writing, use 'Pesar-e Dâyi' or 'Pesardâyi'. In informal speech, you can shorten it, but the structure remains the same. Avoid using 'cousin' (kâzin) which is sometimes used in very westernized slang but is not native Persian.

Finally, consider the verb agreement. Since pesardâyi is a person, the verb must reflect the singular or plural nature of the subject. If you are talking about what your cousin did, use the third-person singular. If you are talking about multiple cousins, use the third-person plural. 'Pesardâyi-yam amad' (My cousin came) vs. 'Pesardâyihâyam âmadand' (My cousins came). This consistency is the hallmark of an A2-B1 level learner.

فردا قرار است با پسردایی‌ام به کوهنوردی برویم.
— Translation: Tomorrow we are supposed to go mountain climbing with my maternal male cousin.

By mastering these sentence patterns, you will not only sound more like a native speaker but also demonstrate a deep understanding of the Persian social hierarchy and family values.

You will hear پسردایی (Pesardâyi) most frequently in the domestic sphere. Iranian culture is deeply rooted in hospitality and large family networks. Therefore, any gathering—from a simple Friday lunch (Jom'e) to a massive wedding (Arusi)—will be filled with people identifying each other by these specific kinship terms. If you are invited to an Iranian home, you might hear the host say, 'This is my pesardâyi, Reza.' This tells you immediately that Reza's father is the host's mother's brother.

Family Gatherings: During Nowruz, the tradition of 'Did-o-Bazdid' (visiting relatives) means you will hear this word constantly as people list who they have visited or who is coming over next. 'We have to go to my pesardâyi's house today.'

توی مهمانی دیشب، همه پسردایی‌هایم حضور داشتند.
— Translation: At last night's party, all my maternal male cousins were present.

Beyond the home, you will hear this word in movies and TV dramas (especially 'Serial-hâ'). Family dynamics are a staple of Persian storytelling. A plot point might revolve around a rivalry between a protagonist and his pesardâyi, or perhaps a romantic subplot involves a 'cousin marriage' (ezdevâj-e fâmili), which is still culturally significant in some parts of the Persian-speaking world. In these contexts, the word carries weight regarding inheritance, loyalty, and social standing.

او همیشه با پسردایی‌اش رقابت می‌کند.
— Translation: He is always competing with his maternal male cousin.

In the marketplace or in a business setting, Iranians might use kinship terms metaphorically, though pesardâyi is less common for this than 'barâdar' (brother) or 'amu' (uncle). However, if two men are business partners and also cousins, they will frequently emphasize their blood relation using pesardâyi to signal to others that their bond is unbreakable and based on family trust rather than just a contract.

Legal and Formal Situations: When dealing with inheritance law (ers) or property disputes in a court of law, the specific term 'pesardâyi' is used to define the exact degree of relationship to the deceased, as maternal and paternal relatives have different standings under traditional Iranian civil law.

نامه را به پسردایی‌ام سپردم تا به مقصد برساند.
— Translation: I entrusted the letter to my maternal male cousin to deliver it.

Lastly, in the digital age, you will see pesardâyi in Instagram captions or Telegram group chats. Iranians are very active on social media and often post photos with their cousins during holidays, using hashtags like #pesardayi or #family to celebrate their bonds. If you are learning Persian to connect with friends or family, this is a word you will see and use constantly in your digital interactions.

The most frequent mistake English speakers make is using پسردایی (Pesardâyi) for any male cousin. In English, 'cousin' is gender-neutral and lineage-neutral. In Persian, if you call your paternal uncle's son your pesardâyi, you are effectively telling people that your mother and his father are siblings, which is incorrect. You must distinguish between the four types of male cousins:

The Four Male Cousins

پسردایی (Pesardâyi): Mother's brother's son.
پسرخاله (Pesarkhâleh): Mother's sister's son.
پسرعمو (Pesaramu): Father's brother's son.
پسرعمه (Pesarammeh): Father's sister's son.

اشتباه: او پسردایی من است (در حالی که پسرِ عمو است).
— Translation: Mistake: Calling him 'pesardâyi' when he is actually 'pesaramu'.

Another mistake involves the gender of the cousin. Pesar means boy/son. If you are talking about a female cousin from your maternal uncle, you MUST use دختردایی (dokhtardâyi). Using pesar for a girl is a major grammatical error that changes the meaning of the sentence entirely. Learners often get overwhelmed by the eight specific terms and try to pick one as a default—don't do this! It's better to pause and think about the parentage than to use the wrong term.

درست: مریم دختردایی من است. (نه پسردایی!)
— Translation: Correct: Maryam is my maternal female cousin. (Not pesardâyi!)

Pronunciation is also a common pitfall. The word is often written with a 'y' sound between pesar and dâyi in transliteration (pesardâyi), but some learners try to pronounce the 'i' and 'a' separately with a hard stop. It should flow smoothly. Also, be careful with the stress. The stress in Persian usually falls on the last syllable of the word. In pesardâyi, the stress is on the 'yi' at the end. Putting the stress on 'pe-' or '-sar-' will make you sound very foreign.

Spelling and Writing: Sometimes learners forget the 'y' (ی) at the end of 'dâyi' or the 'r' (ر) in 'pesar'. Always remember that this is a compound of two full words. In modern Persian typing, using a 'Nim-fâseleh' (zero-width non-joiner) between 'pesar' and 'dâyi' is common (پسر‌دایی) to keep them visually distinct but grammatically unified.

نباید پسردایی را با پسرخاله اشتباه بگیرید.
— Translation: You should not confuse 'pesardâyi' with 'pesarkhâleh'.

Finally, remember that in Persian, you don't use 'pesardâyi' for a second cousin or a cousin once removed. There are other, even more complex ways to describe those relationships. Stick to the immediate children of your maternal uncle when using this word to avoid confusion about your family tree.

While پسردایی (Pesardâyi) is very specific, there are several related terms you should know to complete your understanding of the Persian family system. The most direct alternative is simply using the person's name, but in Iranian culture, adding the relationship title is a sign of respect and intimacy. Here is how pesardâyi compares to its counterparts:

Comparison Table

Term	Relation	Side
پسردایی	Uncle's Son	Maternal
پسرخاله	Aunt's Son	Maternal
پسرعمو	Uncle's Son	Paternal
پسرعمه	Aunt's Son	Paternal

او نه پسرعموی من است و نه پسردایی‌ام؛ او پسرخاله من است.
— Translation: He is neither my paternal male cousin nor my maternal male cousin; he is my maternal aunt's son.

Another word often associated with pesardâyi is فامیل (fâmil). While fâmil is a general term for 'relative' or 'extended family', pesardâyi is the specific role within that fâmil. You might say, 'He is one of our relatives' (U az fâmil-hâ-ye mâst), but if someone asks for clarification, you would then use pesardâyi. In some regions, the word خویشاوند (khishâvand) is used in more formal or literary contexts to mean 'kin', but it is rarely used in daily conversation compared to the specific kinship terms.

تمام پسردایی‌ها و پسرخاله‌ها در حیاط بازی می‌کردند.
— Translation: All the maternal male cousins (from both uncles and aunts) were playing in the yard.

If you want to be more affectionate, you can use the term داداش (dâdâsh), which means 'brother' but is often used for close male cousins. If you and your pesardâyi are very close, you might introduce him as your brother to emphasize the bond. Conversely, in a very formal setting, you might use the full descriptive phrase فرزندِ ذکورِ دایی (farzand-e zokur-e dâyi), which means 'the male offspring of the maternal uncle', though this is strictly for legal documents or very archaic literature.

Antonyms and Opposites: The 'opposite' of pesardâyi could be seen as dokhtardâyi (the female version) or pesaramu (the paternal version). In terms of family dynamics, the amu (paternal uncle) and dâyi (maternal uncle) are the two primary male poles of the extended family.

رابطه من با پسردایی‌ام بهتر از رابطه‌ام با پسرعمویم است.
— Translation: My relationship with my maternal male cousin is better than my relationship with my paternal male cousin.

Understanding these distinctions is the key to moving from a beginner to an intermediate speaker. It shows that you respect the nuances of Persian culture and the importance of maternal lineage.

How Formal Is It?

حقيقة ممتعة

In many Indo-European languages, the word for 'uncle' and 'nephew' once shared roots, but Persian developed highly specific terms to manage complex tribal and family alliances.

دليل النطق

UK /pɛ.sæɾ.dɑː.jiː/

US /pe.sær.dɑ.ji/

The primary stress is on the very last syllable: 'yi'. Secondary stress can be heard on 'sar'.

يتقافى مع

دمپایی (Dampâyi - Slipper) تنهایی (Tanhâyi - Loneliness) زیبایی (Zibâyi - Beauty) تماشایی (Tamâshâyi - Spectacular) هرجایی (Harjâyi - Ubiquitous) بالایی (Bâlâyi - Upper) پایانی (Pâyâni - Final) دریایی (Daryâyi - Marine)

أخطاء شائعة

Pronouncing 'dâyi' as 'die-yee' (English 'die'). It should be 'dâ' like 'father'.
Putting the stress on the first syllable 'pe-'.
Forgetting the 'y' sound between 'dâ' and 'i'.
Merging 'pesar' and 'dâyi' without the slight Ezafe transition.
Confusing the 'â' (long) with 'a' (short).

مستوى الصعوبة

القراءة 2/5

Easy to read as it consists of two familiar words (pesar and dâyi).

الكتابة 3/5

Requires attention to the 'y' at the end and the Ezafe connection.

التحدث 3/5

The transition between 'pesar' and 'dâyi' needs to be smooth.

الاستماع 4/5

Can be easily confused with 'pesarkhâleh' or 'pesaramu' in fast speech.

ماذا تتعلّم بعد ذلك

المتطلبات الأساسية

پسر مادر برادر دایی خانواده

تعلّم لاحقاً

دختردایی پسرخاله پسرعمو پسرعمه نوه

متقدم

شجره‌نامه خویشاوندی ارث و میراث صله‌رحم قوم و خویش

قواعد يجب معرفتها

Ezafe Construction

Pesar-e dâyi (The son of the uncle). The 'e' links the two nouns.

Possessive Suffixes with 'i' ending nouns

Dâyi + am = Dâyi-y-am. A 'y' is added for phonetic flow.

Pluralization with '-hâ'

Pesardâyi + hâ = Pesardâyihâ.

Direct Object Marker 'râ'

Pesardâyi-yam râ didam (I saw my maternal cousin).

Compound Noun Stress

The stress stays at the end of the whole compound word.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

أمثلة حسب المستوى

این پسردایی من است.

This is my maternal male cousin.

Basic 'Subject + Noun + Verb' structure.

پسردایی من مهربان است.

My maternal male cousin is kind.

Use of the adjective 'mehrabân' with the subject.

نام پسردایی تو چیست؟

What is your maternal male cousin's name?

Simple question structure.

من یک پسردایی دارم.

I have one maternal male cousin.

Using the verb 'dâshtan' (to have).

پسردایی من در تهران است.

My maternal male cousin is in Tehran.

Prepositional phrase 'dar Tehran'.

آیا او پسردایی شماست؟

Is he your maternal male cousin?

Question with 'âyâ'.

پسردایی من دانش‌آموز است.

My maternal male cousin is a student.

Simple noun predicate.

سلام پسردایی!

Hello, maternal male cousin!

Using the noun as a direct address.

پسردایی‌ام فردا به خانه ما می‌آید.

My maternal male cousin is coming to our house tomorrow.

Future/Present continuous usage.

من و پسردایی‌ام با هم فوتبال بازی می‌کنیم.

My maternal male cousin and I play football together.

Compound subject with 'va' (and).

پسردایی‌اش در یک بانک کار می‌کند.

His maternal male cousin works in a bank.

Third-person singular possessive 'ash'.

آیا پسردایی‌های شما ازدواج کرده‌اند؟

Have your maternal male cousins married?

Plural noun with present perfect verb.

من برای پسردایی‌ام یک هدیه خریدم.

I bought a gift for my maternal male cousin.

Use of the preposition 'barâye' (for).

پسردایی من خیلی بلندقد است.

My maternal male cousin is very tall.

Intensifier 'khayli' with adjective.

امروز تولد پسردایی‌ام است.

Today is my maternal male cousin's birthday.

Possessive construction for birthday.

پسردایی‌ام ماشین جدیدی خریده است.

My maternal male cousin has bought a new car.

Present perfect tense.

وقتی بچه بودیم، من و پسردایی‌ام همیشه با هم به کوه می‌رفتیم.

When we were kids, my maternal male cousin and I always went to the mountains together.

Past habitual action using 'mi-' prefix.

پسردایی‌ام به من قول داده که در درس ریاضی کمکم کند.

My maternal male cousin has promised me to help with my math lesson.

Subjunctive mood after 'ghol dâdan'.

اگر پسردایی‌ام بیاید، خیلی خوشحال می‌شوم.

If my maternal male cousin comes, I will be very happy.

First conditional structure.

پسردایی‌ام از شیراز برای ما سوغاتی آورده است.

My maternal male cousin has brought souvenirs from Shiraz for us.

Use of 'sougâti' (souvenir).

من سال‌هاست که پسردایی‌ام را ندیده‌ام.

I haven't seen my maternal male cousin for years.

Negative present perfect with duration.

پسردایی‌ام تصمیم گرفته که برای ادامه تحصیل به خارج از کشور برود.

My maternal male cousin has decided to go abroad to continue his studies.

Complex verb 'tasmim gereftan'.

دیروز در بازار به طور اتفاقی پسردایی‌ام را دیدم.

Yesterday, I accidentally saw my maternal male cousin in the bazaar.

Adverbial phrase 'be tour-e ettefâghi'.

پسردایی‌ام همیشه بهترین توصیه‌ها را به من می‌کند.

My maternal male cousin always gives me the best advice.

Superlative adjective 'behtarin'.

رابطه صمیمی من با پسردایی‌ام ناشی از سال‌ها رفت و آمد خانوادگی است.

My close relationship with my maternal male cousin stems from years of family interaction.

Abstract noun 'râbete-ye samimi'.

پسردایی‌ام با وجود مشکلات زیاد، توانست در رشته پزشکی موفق شود.

Despite many problems, my maternal male cousin managed to succeed in the field of medicine.

Concession phrase 'bâ vojud-e'.

ای کاش پسردایی‌ام در این مراسم حضور داشت.

I wish my maternal male cousin were present at this ceremony.

Wish construction with 'ey kâsh'.

پسردایی‌ام به عنوان نماینده خانواده در جلسه شرکت خواهد کرد.

My maternal male cousin will participate in the meeting as the family representative.

Formal future tense and 'be onvân-e'.

اختلاف نظر بین من و پسردایی‌ام هرگز باعث دوری ما نشده است.

The difference of opinion between my maternal male cousin and me has never caused us to drift apart.

Complex subject with negative result.

پسردایی‌ام در مدیریت شرکت خانوادگی نقش کلیدی ایفا می‌کند.

My maternal male cousin plays a key role in managing the family company.

Idiomatic expression 'naghsh-e kelidi ifâ kardan'.

او پسردایی‌اش را برای این کار انتخاب کرد چون به او اعتماد کامل داشت.

He chose his maternal male cousin for this task because he had full trust in him.

Causal clause with 'chon'.

پسردایی‌ام پس از سال‌ها دوری، بالاخره به وطن بازگشت.

After years of absence, my maternal male cousin finally returned to the homeland.

Prepositional phrase 'pas az' and 'belakhare'.

در ادبیات معاصر، گاهی پسردایی نمادی از پیوندهای خونی و وفاداری خانوادگی است.

In contemporary literature, the maternal male cousin is sometimes a symbol of blood ties and family loyalty.

Academic tone with abstract symbols.

پسردایی‌ام با تسلط بر چند زبان، در سازمان‌های بین‌المللی مشغول به کار است.

My maternal male cousin, with mastery over several languages, is working in international organizations.

Complex participial phrase 'bâ tasallot bar'.

چنانچه پسردایی‌ام از این موضوع مطلع شود، قطعاً واکنش نشان خواهد داد.

Should my maternal male cousin become aware of this matter, he will certainly react.

Formal conditional 'chonânche'.

پسردایی‌ام همواره در پی احیای سنت‌های فراموش شده خانوادگی بوده است.

My maternal male cousin has always been seeking the revival of forgotten family traditions.

Continuous perfect 'dar pey-ye ... bude ast'.

ارثیه‌ای که به پسردایی‌ام رسید، باعث تغییر و تحول بزرگی در زندگی او شد.

The inheritance that reached my maternal male cousin caused a major transformation in his life.

Relative clause starting with 'ke'.

پسردایی‌ام علی‌رغم دوری از وطن، همواره به ترویج فرهنگ ایرانی پرداخته است.

Despite being away from the homeland, my maternal male cousin has always engaged in promoting Iranian culture.

Formal preposition 'ali-raghm-e'.

تحقیقات پسردایی‌ام در زمینه باستان‌شناسی، دریچه‌های جدیدی به روی ما گشوده است.

My maternal male cousin's research in the field of archaeology has opened new windows for us.

Metaphorical expression 'dariche-hâ-yi goshude ast'.

من و پسردایی‌ام در بسیاری از پروژه‌های عام‌المنفعه با یکدیگر همکاری داریم.

My maternal male cousin and I collaborate on many public benefit projects.

Use of the compound adjective 'âm-ol-manfa'e'.

واکاوی پیوندهای خویشاوندی نشان می‌دهد که واژه پسردایی ریشه در ساختارهای کهن اجتماعی دارد.

The analysis of kinship ties shows that the word 'pesardâyi' is rooted in ancient social structures.

Highly formal academic vocabulary.

پسردایی‌ام به عنوان یکی از نظریه‌پردازان برجسته، در همایش‌های جهانی سخنرانی می‌کند.

My maternal male cousin, as one of the prominent theorists, speaks at global conferences.

Appositive phrase with 'be onvân-e'.

در وصیت‌نامه، سهم مشخصی برای پسردایی‌اش در نظر گرفته شده بود تا عدالت رعایت شود.

In the will, a specific share had been considered for his maternal male cousin to ensure justice was served.

Passive voice 'dar nazar gerefte shode bud'.

پسردایی‌ام با اتکا به دانش بومی، به بازسازی بافت‌های فرسوده شهری همت گماشته است.

My maternal male cousin, relying on indigenous knowledge, has committed himself to the reconstruction of worn-out urban fabrics.

Idiomatic formal verb 'hemmat gomâshtan'.

تعاملات فرهنگی من و پسردایی‌ام منجر به خلق آثاری بدیع در حوزه هنرهای تجسمی گشت.

The cultural interactions between my maternal male cousin and me led to the creation of novel works in the field of visual arts.

Formal verb 'gasht' instead of 'shod'.

پسردایی‌ام در خاطرات خود، به تفصیل از دوران پرفراز و نشیب مهاجرت سخن گفته است.

In his memoirs, my maternal male cousin has spoken in detail about the ups and downs of the migration era.

Idiomatic phrase 'por-farâz o nashib'.

مناسبات خانوادگی ایجاب می‌کرد که پسردایی‌ام در مراسم ختم حضور یابد.

Family relations required that my maternal male cousin attend the funeral ceremony.

Subjunctive mood after 'ijâb kardan'.

پسردایی‌ام همواره با دیدگاهی انتقادی به بررسی تحولات سیاسی منطقه می‌پردازد.

My maternal male cousin always examines regional political developments with a critical perspective.

Formal present continuous 'mi-pardâzad'.

تلازمات شائعة

پسرداییِ ارشد

پسرداییِ ناتنی

پسرداییِ عزیز

پسرداییِ کوچک

پسرداییِ بزرگ

دیدار با پسردایی

خانه پسردایی

عروسیِ پسردایی

همبازی بودن با پسردایی

کمک گرفتن از پسردایی

العبارات الشائعة

پسردایی‌جان

— Dear maternal male cousin. A polite and affectionate way to address him.

پسردایی‌جان، حال دایی چطور است؟

مثل پسردایی

— Like a maternal cousin. Used to describe a close relationship.

او برای من مثل پسردایی است.

پسردایی‌های من

— My maternal male cousins. Used when talking about the whole group.

پسردایی‌های من همه مهندس هستند.

پسرِ داییِ بزرگ

— The son of the eldest maternal uncle. Specifies which uncle.

او پسرِ داییِ بزرگ من است.

دعوت پسردایی

— Inviting the maternal male cousin. Common in social planning.

حتماً پسردایی را هم دعوت کن.

به یاد پسردایی

— In memory of the maternal male cousin. Used if he has passed away.

این مراسم به یاد پسردایی‌ام برگزار شد.

سلام به پسردایی

— Greetings to the maternal male cousin. A common message to send via others.

سلام من را به پسردایی‌ات برسان.

همراه با پسردایی

— Along with the maternal male cousin. Used for travel or activities.

همراه با پسردایی‌ام به سفر رفتیم.

عکس با پسردایی

— A photo with the maternal male cousin. Common for social media.

یک عکس یادگاری با پسردایی‌ام گرفتم.

هدیه برای پسردایی

— A gift for the maternal male cousin. Common for birthdays or events.

این هدیه را برای پسردایی‌ام خریده‌ام.

يُخلط عادةً مع

پسردایی vs پسرخاله

This is your mother's SISTER'S son. People often mix up maternal uncle and maternal aunt.

پسردایی vs پسرعمو

This is your father's brother's son. This is the paternal side.

پسردایی vs دختردایی

This is the female version. 'Pesar' means male.

تعبيرات اصطلاحية

"پسرخاله شدن"

— To become overly friendly or informal too quickly. While it uses 'pesarkhâleh', it's the most common cousin-related idiom.

زود با همه پسرخاله می‌شود.

Informal

"عقدِ پسردایی و دخترعمه را در آسمان‌ها بسته‌اند"

— A traditional saying suggesting that the marriage between these specific cousins is predestined.

قدیمی‌ها می‌گفتند عقد پسردایی و دخترعمه را در آسمان‌ها بسته‌اند.

Traditional/Folklore

"هفت پشت پسردایی"

— A distant maternal cousin. Used to describe someone who is barely related.

او با ما هفت پشت پسردایی است.

Colloquial

"پسرِ داییِ من!"

— Used as an exclamation of surprise or to address someone as a 'bro' metaphorically in some dialects.

پسر دایی من! این چه حرفی است؟

Dialectal/Informal

"خونِ پسردایی"

— Referring to shared maternal blood; implies a strong biological bond.

خون پسردایی در رگ‌هایش است.

Literary

"دایی‌زاده"

— A more formal/archaic term for pesardâyi or dokhtardâyi.

او دایی‌زاده بزرگ بنده است.

Formal

"مثل دایی، مثل پسردایی"

— Like uncle, like son. Suggesting the cousin inherited the uncle's traits.

واقعاً مثل دایی‌اش است؛ مثل دایی، مثل پسردایی.

Proverbial

"پسرداییِ ناتنی، برادرِ جانی"

— Even if he's a step-cousin, he's a soul brother. Emphasizing chosen family.

او پسردایی ناتنی من است اما برایم برادر جانی است.

Poetic/Informal

"سایه پسردایی"

— The support or presence of the cousin.

سایه پسردایی‌ام همیشه بالای سر من بوده است.

Affectionate

"چشم و چراغ دایی"

— The 'eye and light' of the uncle (referring to the pesardâyi as the uncle's pride).

این پسر، چشم و چراغ دایی است.

Idiomatic/Polite

سهل الخلط

پسردایی vs پسرعمو

Both are male cousins.

Pesaramu is from the father's side; Pesardâyi is from the mother's side.

پسرعمویم را در مسجد دیدم، اما پسردایی‌ام در خانه بود.

پسردایی vs پسرخاله

Both are maternal cousins.

Pesarkhâleh is your aunt's son; Pesardâyi is your uncle's son.

پسرخاله و پسردایی‌ام با هم برادر نیستند.

پسردایی vs دایی

The root is the same.

Dâyi is the uncle himself; Pesardâyi is his son.

دایی‌ام پیر است اما پسردایی‌ام جوان است.

پسردایی vs پسرعمه

Both are male cousins.

Pesarammeh is the son of the paternal aunt.

پسردایی‌ام از طرف مادری است و پسرعمه‌ام از طرف پدری.

پسردایی vs پسر

It is the first part of the compound.

Pesar means 'son' or 'boy' in general.

او پسرِ دایی من است، پس او پسردایی من است.

أنماط الجُمل

[Name] پسردایی من است.

علی پسردایی من است.

من با پسردایی‌ام به [Place] می‌روم.

من با پسردایی‌ام به سینما می‌روم.

پسردایی‌ام به من [Verb] کمک کرد.

پسردایی‌ام به من در خرید ماشین کمک کرد.

اگر پسردایی‌ام [Subjunctive Verb]، من هم می‌روم.

اگر پسردایی‌ام بیاید، من هم می‌روم.

با وجود اینکه پسردایی‌ام [Verb], اما...

با وجود اینکه پسردایی‌ام گرفتار بود، اما به دیدن من آمد.

مناسبات حاکم بر رابطه من و پسردایی‌ام...

مناسبات حاکم بر رابطه من و پسردایی‌ام فراتر از نسبت فامیلی است.

آیا شما پسردایی دارید؟

پسردایی‌ام از [City] برگشته است.

پسردایی‌ام از لندن برگشته است.

عائلة الكلمة

الأسماء

پسر (Pesar - Son/Boy)

دایی (Dâyi - Maternal Uncle)

دختردایی (Dokhtardâyi - Maternal female cousin)

دایی‌زاده (Dâyizâdeh - Uncle's child)

الصفات

دایی‌وار (Dâyivâr - Uncle-like)

مرتبط

پسرعمو

پسرخاله

پسرعمه

برادرزاده

خواهرزاده

سجّل مجاناً لرؤية جميع الأمثلة

كيفية الاستخدام

frequency

Very High in family-oriented contexts.

أخطاء شائعة

Using 'pesardâyi' for a girl. → dokhtardâyi
'Pesar' specifically means male. Using it for a female cousin is grammatically wrong.
Using 'pesardâyi' for a paternal cousin. → pesaramu
This changes the family tree. Your father's brother's son is your 'pesaramu'.
Saying 'pesardâyi-am' instead of 'pesardâyi-yam'. → pesardâyi-yam
When a word ends in 'i', you need a 'y' bridge before the possessive suffix '-am'.
Pronouncing 'dâyi' like 'day'. → dâ-yi
The 'â' is a long back vowel, like in 'car' or 'father'.
Forgetting the Ezafe in formal writing. → پسرِ دایی
In very formal contexts, the 'e' (Ezafe) should be explicitly considered or written.

نصائح

Master the Ezafe

Remember that 'Pesardâyi' is short for 'Pesar-e Dâyi'. While the 'e' is often hidden in the compound, it's the grammatical glue that holds the word together.

The Maternal Bond

In Iran, the maternal side is often seen as more 'relaxed'. Showing interest in your 'pesardâyi' is a great way to bond with a Persian family.

Stress the End

Always put the emphasis on the last syllable. Say: pe-sar-dâ-YI. This is the key to sounding natural.

Learn the Set

Don't just learn 'pesardâyi'. Learn it along with 'pesaramu', 'pesarkhâleh', and 'pesarammeh' to see the full pattern.

Use 'Jân'

When talking to your cousin, say 'Pesardâyi-jân'. It makes a huge difference in how friendly you sound.

Spelling check

Make sure to include the 'y' (ی) at the end. Without it, the word is incomplete and incorrect.

Context Clues

If you hear 'Dâyi' mentioned earlier in a conversation, expect to hear 'pesardâyi' or 'dokhtardâyi' soon after.

Family Tree

Draw a small family tree and label the maternal uncle's son as 'Pesardâyi'. Visual aids are best for kinship terms.

Respectful Reference

When speaking to an elder about their son, you can say 'Pesar-e Dâyi-ye azizam' to show respect to both the uncle and the cousin.

Substitution

Take any sentence with 'friend' and try to replace it with 'pesardâyi' to practice the possessive suffixes.

احفظها

وسيلة تذكّر

Think of 'Pesar' as 'Person' (a boy person) and 'Dâyi' as 'Dear' (your mother's dear brother). So, 'Pesardâyi' is the 'Person of your Dear (uncle)'.

ربط بصري

Imagine your mother standing next to her brother. Now imagine her brother's son standing next to them. That boy is your pesardâyi. Visualize a 'M' for Maternal on his forehead.

Word Web

Mother Brother Son Family Cousin Maternal Relative Lineage

تحدٍّ

Try to find a photo of your mother's brother's son and label it 'Pesardâyi' in Persian script. Then, write three sentences about him using the possessive 'am'.

أصل الكلمة

The word is a compound of 'Pesar' (Middle Persian 'pus', 'pusar') and 'Dâyi' (from Sogdian 'dāy' or related Old Iranian roots).

المعنى الأصلي: Literally 'Son of the maternal uncle'.

Indo-European > Indo-Iranian > Iranian > Western Iranian > Modern Persian.

السياق الثقافي

Always ensure you are identifying the correct side of the family. Calling a paternal cousin 'pesardâyi' can be seen as a sign of being disconnected from your family roots.

English speakers often find the eight Persian cousin terms confusing because they only use one word. It helps to think of 'pesardâyi' as a title rather than just a description.

Commonly featured in Iranian family sitcoms like 'Pâyetakt'. In the book 'Dâyi Jân Napoleon', family relations (though focused on the uncle) define the entire plot. The movie 'Mehmân-e Mâmân' depicts the chaotic but loving interactions of extended family members.

تدرّب في الحياة الواقعية

سياقات واقعية

Introductions

ایشان پسردایی من هستند.
می‌خواهم پسردایی‌ام را معرفی کنم.
پسردایی‌ام را می‌شناسی؟
او پسرداییِ بزرگِ من است.

Family Events

عروسی پسردایی دعوت هستیم.
پسردایی هم به مهمانی می‌آید؟
همه پسردایی‌ها دور هم جمع شدند.
پسردایی‌ام در مراسم سخنرانی کرد.

Storytelling

یک روز با پسردایی‌ام رفتیم شکار...
پسردایی‌ام همیشه می‌گفت که...
خاطراتی که با پسردایی‌ام دارم...
پسردایی‌ام مرد بسیار شجاعی بود.

Asking for Help

می‌توانم از پسردایی‌ام قرض بگیرم.
پسردایی‌ام در این کار تخصص دارد.
باید با پسردایی‌ام مشورت کنم.
پسردایی‌ام حتماً به ما کمک می‌کند.

Holidays (Nowruz)

عید دیدنی رفتیم خونه پسردایی.
به پسردایی‌ام عیدی دادم.
پسردایی‌ام برای عید به ایران آمد.
سفره هفت‌سین پسردایی خیلی قشنگ بود.

بدايات محادثة

"آیا شما پسردایی دارید که با او صمیمی باشید؟"

"پسردایی شما در چه رشته‌ای تحصیل کرده است؟"

"آخرین باری که پسردایی‌تان را دیدید کی بود؟"

"آیا پسردایی شما هم در این شهر زندگی می‌کند؟"

"بهترین خاطره‌ای که با پسردایی‌تان دارید چیست؟"

مواضيع للكتابة اليومية

درباره یکی از پسردایی‌های خود بنویسید و ویژگی‌های اخلاقی او را توصیف کنید.

یک روز خیالی را توصیف کنید که با پسردایی‌تان به سفر رفته‌اید.

تفاوت‌های شخصیتی خودتان و پسردایی‌تان را در یک متن کوتاه بنویسید.

چرا در فرهنگ ایرانی، رابطه‌ی با پسردایی اهمیت زیادی دارد؟ نظر خود را بنویسید.

نامه‌ای به پسردایی خود بنویسید و او را به خانه‌تان دعوت کنید.

الأسئلة الشائعة

10 أسئلة

It is a compound noun. In modern Persian, it is often written as one word (پسردایی) or with a half-space (پسر‌دایی). Grammatically, it functions as a single unit.

Technically, no. 'Pesardâyi' is for your first cousin (mother's brother's son). For a second cousin, you would need to describe the relationship more elaborately, such as 'پسرداییِ مادرم' (my mother's maternal male cousin).

You say 'پسردایی‌هایم' (pesardâyihâyam). The '-hâ' makes it plural and '-yam' makes it 'my'.

No, it's not rude, but using 'pesardâyi' or 'pesardâyi-jân' adds a layer of warmth and respect that is very common in Iranian families.

'Dâyizâdeh' is a more formal or literary term that can mean either a male or female cousin from the maternal uncle. 'Pesardâyi' specifically specifies that the cousin is male.

The word itself doesn't change, but you can add 'bozorg' (big/older) or 'kuchek' (small/younger) to specify: 'پسرداییِ بزرگم'.

This is due to the historical importance of kinship, lineage, and tribal structures where knowing the exact blood relationship was vital for social and legal reasons.

Yes, but you might add 'nâtani' (step/half) if you want to be precise: 'پسردایی ناتنی'.

It is a long 'i' sound, like the 'ee' in 'see'. It should be clear and not swallowed.

Yes, though Tajiks might use slightly different variations or regional dialects, the core concept remains the same across the Persian-speaking world.

سجّل مجاناً للنصائح والملاحظات