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A2 noun #6,000 الأكثر شيوعاً 11 دقيقة للقراءة

पंथ

panth
تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح पंथ في 30 ثانية
الشرح पंथ in your Level:
At the A1 level, learners are just beginning to understand basic words. 'पंथ' (panth) would be a challenging word. If encountered, it would likely be in a very simple context, perhaps related to a very basic idea of a 'way' or a 'group'. For example, a simple picture might show a path, and the word 'पंथ' could be associated with it, but without deep understanding. The focus at A1 is on survival language and very common nouns and verbs.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
At the A2 level, learners can understand sentences and frequently used expressions related to areas of most immediate relevance (e.g., very basic personal and family information, shopping, local geography, employment). 'पंथ' (panth) starts to become accessible here, particularly its meaning as a 'path' or 'way'. Learners might encounter it in simple sentences like 'यह एक लंबा पंथ है' (Yah ek lamba panth hai - This is a long path). The meaning of 'sect' might still be a bit advanced, but the general idea of a 'way' or 'route' can be grasped. They can understand simple descriptions of groups or routes.
At the B1 level, learners can understand the main points of clear standard input on familiar matters regularly encountered in work, school, leisure, etc. They can deal with most situations likely to arise whilst travelling in an area where the language is spoken. 'पंथ' (panth) is well within the grasp at B1. Learners can understand both meanings: 'sect' and 'path'. They can comprehend sentences like 'यह पंथ शांति का संदेश देता है' (Yah panth shanti ka sandesh deta hai - This sect gives a message of peace) and 'जीवन का पंथ कठिन है' (Jeevan ka panth kathin hai - The path of life is difficult). They can also start to use it in simple sentences.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
At the B2 level, learners can understand the main ideas of complex text on both concrete and abstract topics, including technical discussions in their field of specialization. They can interact with a degree of fluency and spontaneity that makes regular interaction with native speakers quite possible without strain for either party. At B2, learners can fully understand and use 'पंथ' (panth) in its nuanced meanings. They can appreciate its use in literature, religious discourse, and discussions about life philosophies. They can differentiate it from similar words like 'मार्ग' (marg) and 'रास्ता' (rasta) and use it appropriately in more complex sentences, understanding its cultural and philosophical implications.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
At the C1 level, learners can understand a wide range of demanding, longer texts, and recognize implicit meaning. They can express themselves fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for expressions. 'पंथ' (panth) is a word they would use with precision and confidence at C1. They would understand its historical, cultural, and philosophical weight. They could analyze texts where 'पंथ' is used metaphorically or to describe specific religious or philosophical traditions with deep understanding. They would be able to use it in sophisticated arguments and discussions, demonstrating a mastery of its connotations.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
At the C2 level, learners have an ease of understanding almost everything heard or read. They can summarize information from different spoken and written sources, reconstructing arguments and accounts in a coherent presentation. They can express themselves spontaneously, very fluently and precisely, differentiating finer shades of meaning even in more complex situations. At C2, 'पंथ' (panth) would be a familiar word, used with complete mastery. Learners would understand its etymological roots, its subtle variations in meaning across different contexts and historical periods, and its figurative uses in advanced literature and critical theory. They could explain its usage to others with expert clarity.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح

पंथ في 30 ثانية

  • A group with specific beliefs or a path/way.
  • Used for religious sects and also for literal or figurative paths.
  • Can refer to a spiritual or philosophical following.
  • Also means a road, route, or course of action.
Religious/Philosophical Group
The most common usage of 'पंथ' (panth) is to refer to a sect or a denomination within a larger religion or a school of thought in philosophy. For instance, there are various 'पंथ' within Hinduism, Buddhism, and Sikhism, each with its unique interpretations and practices. People use this word when discussing different religious communities or philosophical traditions. For example, someone might say, "यह एक प्राचीन बौद्ध पंथ है" (Yah ek pracheen Bauddh panth hai), meaning "This is an ancient Buddhist sect." It's important to note that 'पंथ' often implies a distinct set of beliefs and a structured following.
Path or Way
Beyond its religious connotations, 'पंथ' also means a path, a way, a route, or a course. This can be a physical path one walks on, like a mountain trail, or a metaphorical path in life, such as a career path or a spiritual journey. For instance, one might refer to a difficult journey as a long 'पंथ' (panth). In this sense, it emphasizes the direction and the course taken. A common phrase is "सच्चाई का पंथ" (sachchai ka panth), meaning "the path of truth." This usage highlights the idea of a chosen direction or a way of living.
Distinguishing from Similar Terms
While 'मार्ग' (marg) also means path, 'पंथ' (panth) often carries a stronger sense of a prescribed way or a structured group following it, especially in religious contexts. 'रास्ता' (rasta) is a more general term for a road or way. Understanding these nuances helps in using 'पंथ' correctly. For example, a spiritual leader might guide their followers on a particular 'पंथ' (panth), implying a specific spiritual discipline.

The ancient yogis followed a strict पंथ of meditation and austerity.

He chose a difficult पंथ in life, dedicated to helping others.

Referring to Religious/Philosophical Sects
When you want to talk about a specific religious or philosophical group, you can use 'पंथ' (panth). It's often used with possessive pronouns or in phrases that describe the group. For example, "यह पंथ शांति पर जोर देता है" (Yah panth shanti par zor deta hai) translates to "This sect emphasizes peace." You can also say, "उनके पंथ के अनुयायी बहुत अनुशासित हैं" (Unke panth ke anuyayi bahut anushasit hain), meaning "The followers of his sect are very disciplined." This usage is common when discussing the diversity within major religions or different philosophical schools of thought.
Describing a Path or Way
To describe a path, route, or a specific way of doing things, 'पंथ' (panth) can be used. It often implies a chosen or deliberate course. For instance, "यह पंथ पहाड़ों से होकर गुजरता है" (Yah panth pahadon se hokar guzarta hai) means "This path goes through the mountains." Metaphorically, you might say, "जीवन का पंथ हमेशा आसान नहीं होता" (Jeevan ka panth hamesha aasaan nahin hota), which means "The path of life is not always easy." You can also use it to talk about a way of living or behaving, such as "सादा जीवन जीने का पंथ" (Saada jeevan jeene ka panth), meaning "the way of living a simple life."
Combining Meanings
Sometimes, the meaning can be inferred from the context. If someone is talking about spiritual guidance, 'पंथ' (panth) might refer to a spiritual path or a specific spiritual tradition. For example, "गुरु ने हमें सही पंथ दिखाया" (Guru ne hamein sahi panth dikhaya) can mean "The guru showed us the right spiritual path" or "The guru showed us the right sect/tradition." The context is key to disambiguation. Remember that 'पंथ' is a masculine noun, so adjectives and verbs will agree with it accordingly.

Many people follow the पंथ of non-violence.

This पंथ is known for its ancient rituals.

Religious Discourse and Discussions
You will frequently encounter 'पंथ' (panth) in discussions about religion, spirituality, and philosophy in Hindi. Religious scholars, commentators, and even laypeople discussing different faiths often use it to distinguish between various denominations or schools of thought. For instance, in a documentary about Indian religions, you might hear a narrator explaining the origins and tenets of a specific 'पंथ' within Hinduism or Buddhism. News reports covering religious festivals or interfaith dialogues are also likely to feature this word. It's a common term in theological texts and sermons.
Travel and Geography
In its meaning of a path or route, 'पंथ' (panth) is used in contexts related to travel, geography, and journeys. You might hear it in stories about trekking, hiking, or ancient trade routes. For example, a travel guide describing a scenic route might say, "यह पंथ आपको सुंदर दृश्यों तक ले जाएगा" (Yah panth aapko sundar drishyon tak le jayega), meaning "This path will take you to beautiful views." It can also be used metaphorically in motivational speeches or life advice, referring to the 'path of life' or a specific 'way of living'.
Literature and Poetry
'पंथ' (panth) is a word that lends itself well to literary and poetic expression. Poets and writers often use it to evoke a sense of spiritual journey, a chosen destiny, or a unique way of life. You might find it in verses describing a seeker's quest or a community's distinct traditions. For example, a poem might speak of following the 'पंथ' of love or the 'पंथ' of wisdom. The word carries a certain gravitas and depth, making it suitable for evocative language.
Historical Accounts
When discussing historical events, especially those involving the formation of religious groups, social movements, or ancient travel routes, 'पंथ' (panth) is commonly used. Historians might refer to the establishment of a new religious 'पंथ' or the routes taken by ancient travelers. This usage helps to contextualize historical narratives and understand the development of societies and beliefs.

The documentary explored the history of the Sufi पंथ.

He described the challenging mountain पंथ he had to traverse.

Confusing 'पंथ' with General 'Path' Terms
A common mistake is to use 'पंथ' (panth) interchangeably with 'रास्ता' (rasta) or 'सड़क' (sadak) for any physical path or road. While 'पंथ' can mean a path, it often carries a connotation of a specific, perhaps spiritual or prescribed, way. If you are simply referring to a street or a general road, 'रास्ता' or 'सड़क' would be more appropriate. For example, saying "मुझे पंथ पर चलना है" (Mujhe panth par chalna hai) when you mean "I need to walk on the road" might sound a bit unusual unless it's a specific pilgrimage route or a path with a particular significance. It's better to use 'रास्ते' (raste) or 'सड़क' (sadak) in such general contexts.
Overuse in Non-Religious Contexts
Another mistake is to overuse 'पंथ' (panth) when referring to any group or community that isn't specifically religious or philosophical. While 'पंथ' can sometimes be used for a school of thought, it's not a general term for any group. For instance, calling a political party or a sports club a 'पंथ' would be incorrect. For such groups, words like 'दल' (dal - party), 'समूह' (samuh - group), or 'संगठन' (sangathan - organization) are more suitable. Using 'पंथ' for non-religious groups can sound awkward or even misleading.
Grammatical Gender Confusion
'पंथ' (panth) is a masculine noun in Hindi. Learners sometimes forget this and might use feminine verb conjugations or adjective endings. For example, saying "यह पंथ अच्छी थी" (Yah panth achhi thi) would be incorrect. The correct form would be "यह पंथ अच्छा था" (Yah panth achha tha) because 'पंथ' is masculine. Always ensure that adjectives and verbs agree with the masculine gender of 'पंथ'.
Misinterpreting Nuances
Sometimes, learners might not grasp the subtle difference between 'पंथ' (panth) and other related terms like 'मार्ग' (marg - path) or 'सम्प्रदाय' (sampraday - sect/denomination). While 'पंथ' and 'सम्प्रदाय' can be similar in the religious context, 'पंथ' often implies a more foundational or distinct approach. Similarly, 'मार्ग' is a more general term for a path, whereas 'पंथ' can imply a specific, often spiritual, way. Using 'पंथ' when a simpler term like 'रास्ता' (rasta) would suffice can make the sentence sound overly formal or even slightly out of place.

Incorrect: यह पंथ बहुत लम्बी थी। (This path was very long.)

Correct: यह पंथ बहुत लम्बा था। (This path was very long.)

Incorrect: वह एक नया राजनीतिक पंथ शुरू कर रहा है। (He is starting a new political sect.)

Correct: वह एक नया राजनीतिक दल शुरू कर रहा है। (He is starting a new political party.)

मार्ग (Marg)
'मार्ग' (Marg) is a very common word for 'path' or 'way'. It is generally more neutral and can refer to both physical paths and metaphorical ways of life or approaches. While 'पंथ' (panth) can also mean path, it often carries a stronger connotation of a specific, prescribed, or spiritual way, or a structured group following it.
Example Sentence for 'मार्ग': "यह मार्ग जंगल से होकर जाता है।" (Yah marg jangal se hokar jaata hai.) - "This path goes through the forest."
Example Sentence for 'पंथ' (in path context): "गुरु ने शिष्यों को ज्ञान का पंथ दिखाया।" (Guru ne shishyon ko gyaan ka panth dikhaya.) - "The guru showed the disciples the path of knowledge."
रास्ता (Rasta)
'रास्ता' (Rasta) is the most common and general word for 'road', 'way', or 'path'. It's used for everyday paths, streets, and routes. It is less likely to be used for a specific sect or a deeply spiritual way.
Example Sentence for 'रास्ता': "घर जाने का रास्ता क्या है?" (Ghar jaane ka rasta kya hai?) - "What is the way to go home?"
Comparison: You wouldn't typically use 'पंथ' to ask for directions to a friend's house; 'रास्ता' is appropriate.
सम्प्रदाय (Sampraday)
'सम्प्रदाय' (Sampraday) is a direct synonym for 'sect' or 'denomination', especially in a religious context. It is very close in meaning to 'पंथ' (panth) when 'पंथ' refers to a religious group. Often, 'सम्प्रदाय' is used for established, recognized sects within larger religions. 'पंथ' can sometimes refer to a slightly less formalized or more distinct school of thought or a more specific lineage.
Example Sentence for 'सम्प्रदाय': "यह सम्प्रदाय वैष्णव धर्म का एक हिस्सा है।" (Yah sampraday Vaishnav dharm ka ek hissa hai.) - "This sect is a part of Vaishnavism."
Comparison: Both can be used for religious groups, but 'पंथ' might sometimes imply a more distinct or founder-led tradition.
विचारधारा (Vichardhara)
'विचारधारा' (Vichardhara) means 'ideology' or 'school of thought'. While a 'पंथ' (panth) can have a distinct ideology, 'विचारधारा' focuses more on the set of beliefs and ideas themselves, rather than the group of people following them.
Example Sentence for 'विचारधारा': "उसकी विचारधारा काफी क्रांतिकारी थी।" (Uski vichardhara kaafi krantikari thi.) - "His ideology was quite revolutionary."
Comparison: A 'पंथ' has an ideology, but not every ideology forms a 'पंथ'.
रीति (Riti)
'रीति' (Riti) means 'custom', 'tradition', or 'method'. A 'पंथ' (panth) will have its own 'रीति-रिवाज़' (riti-rivaz - customs and traditions), but 'रीति' itself does not mean sect or path.
Example Sentence for 'रीति': "यह हमारे रीति-रिवाज़ हैं।" (Yah hamare riti-rivaz hain.) - "These are our customs and traditions."
Comparison: 'रीति' refers to the practices, while 'पंथ' refers to the group or the way of life itself.

'मार्ग' (Marg) is a general path, while 'पंथ' (panth) can be a specific spiritual path or a sect.

'रास्ता' (Rasta) is for everyday roads, 'पंथ' is more specific.

How Formal Is It?

حقيقة ممتعة

The Sanskrit root 'path' (meaning path) is related to the English word 'path' itself, highlighting a shared linguistic ancestry stemming from Proto-Indo-European. This connection underscores the fundamental human concept of a way or route.

دليل النطق

UK /pʌnθ/
US /pʌnθ/
The stress is on the first syllable: PANTH.
يتقافى مع
manth shanth kanth kanthak santh
أخطاء شائعة
  • Pronouncing the 'th' sound as 't' or 'f'.
  • Using a long 'a' sound instead of the short 'a'.
  • Aspirating the 'p' sound too strongly.

مستوى الصعوبة

القراءة 3/5

At A2 level, understanding 'पंथ' in simple sentences related to paths is achievable. Comprehending its use for religious sects requires more context and vocabulary.

الكتابة 3/5

Using 'पंथ' correctly in writing requires careful attention to its dual meaning and grammatical gender. Learners might initially confuse it with more general terms for path.

التحدث 3/5

Pronunciation is relatively straightforward, but choosing the correct meaning (sect vs. path) and using it appropriately in spontaneous speech can be challenging.

الاستماع 3/5

Distinguishing between the two meanings of 'पंथ' in spoken Hindi depends heavily on the surrounding context and the speaker's intonation.

ماذا تتعلّم بعد ذلك

المتطلبات الأساسية

रास्ता (rasta) मार्ग (marg) धर्म (dharm) लोग (log) अच्छा (achha) बुरा (bura) चलना (chalna) देखना (dekhna)

تعلّم لاحقاً

सम्प्रदाय (sampraday) अनुयायी (anuyayi) दर्शन (darshan) परंपरा (parampara) आस्था (aastha)

متقدم

अध्यात्म (adhyatm) दर्शनशास्त्र (darshan-shastra) सांप्रदायिकता (sampradayikta) रूढ़िवादी (rudhivadi) कट्टरपंथी (kattarpanthi)

قواعد يجب معرفتها

Masculine Noun Agreement

'पंथ' (panth) is a masculine noun. Adjectives and verbs must agree with it in gender. Example: यह पंथ अच्छा था. (This path/sect was good.) - Incorrect: 'अच्छी थी'.

Pluralization

The plural form of 'पंथ' is 'पंथों' (panthon). Example: विभिन्न पंथों के अनुयायी। (Followers of various sects.)

Possessive Case with 'का/के/की'

'पंथ' uses 'का/के/की' to show possession or relation. Example: पंथ का इतिहास। (The history of the sect.)

Prepositional Phrases

'पंथ' can be used with prepositions like 'पर' (on/upon). Example: पंथ पर चलना। (To walk on the path.)

Compound Words

'पंथ' frequently combines with other words to form compound nouns. Example: धार्मिक-पंथ (religious sect).

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

أمثلة حسب المستوى

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1

यह पंथ बहुत लम्बा है।

This path is very long.

'पंथ' (panth) is a masculine noun, hence the masculine adjective 'लम्बा' (lamba) and the masculine verb ending 'है' (hai).

2

हम एक नए पंथ की तलाश में हैं।

We are in search of a new way.

Here, 'पंथ' refers to a 'way' or 'path' in a more abstract sense.

3

यह पंथ पहाड़ी है।

This path is hilly.

Simple description of a physical path using 'पंथ'.

4

क्या आप मुझे पंथ बता सकते हैं?

Can you tell me the way?

Used informally to ask for directions, similar to asking for the 'way'.

5

उस पंथ पर बहुत लोग चलते हैं।

Many people walk on that path.

'पंथ' used for a commonly used path.

6

यह पंथ मंदिर की ओर जाता है।

This path leads towards the temple.

'पंथ' indicating a route to a destination.

7

हमें पंथ बदलना होगा।

We will have to change our path/way.

Implies a change in direction or course of action.

8

यह पंथ सुरक्षित है।

This path is safe.

Describing the nature of a physical path.

1

यह पंथ सत्य और अहिंसा पर आधारित है।

This sect is based on truth and non-violence.

Here, 'पंथ' clearly refers to a religious or philosophical sect.

2

जीवन का पंथ हमेशा सीधा नहीं होता।

The path of life is not always straight.

Metaphorical use of 'पंथ' for life's journey.

3

उन्होंने एक विशेष पंथ की दीक्षा ली।

They took initiation into a special sect.

Implies joining a specific religious or spiritual group.

4

यह पंथ ध्यान और योग पर जोर देता है।

This sect emphasizes meditation and yoga.

Describes the practices associated with a particular sect.

5

पुरातत्वविदों ने प्राचीन पंथ के अवशेष खोजे।

Archaeologists discovered the remains of an ancient sect.

Historical context for 'पंथ' referring to a historical group.

6

सच्चाई का पंथ अपनाना मुश्किल है।

It is difficult to adopt the path of truth.

Moral or philosophical path.

7

वह अपने पंथ के सिद्धांतों का पालन करता है।

He follows the principles of his sect.

Referring to adherence to the doctrines of a sect.

8

यह पंथ पहाड़ों से होकर गुजरता है।

This path passes through the mountains.

Literal meaning of path, but perhaps with a sense of a specific route.

1

विभिन्न पंथों के अनुयायियों के बीच संवाद आवश्यक है।

Dialogue between followers of different sects is essential.

Uses the plural 'पंथों' (panthon) for multiple sects.

2

यह पंथ सामाजिक सुधारों का पुरजोर समर्थक रहा है।

This sect has been a strong supporter of social reforms.

Describes the social stance of a sect.

3

आध्यात्मिक पंथ अक्सर आत्म-ज्ञान की ओर ले जाता है।

The spiritual path often leads towards self-knowledge.

Sophisticated use of 'पंथ' for a spiritual journey.

4

उसकी पंथ की अपनी अनूठी परंपराएं हैं।

His sect has its own unique traditions.

Focuses on the distinct customs of a sect.

5

यह पंथ मुख्यधारा से काफी अलग है।

This sect is quite different from the mainstream.

Highlights the distinctiveness of a sect.

6

सही पंथ चुनना जीवन का एक महत्वपूर्ण निर्णय है।

Choosing the right path is an important life decision.

Metaphorical use, implying a choice of life direction or belief system.

7

इतिहास में कई पंथ उभरे और विलीन हो गए।

Many sects emerged and merged throughout history.

Historical perspective on the formation and dissolution of sects.

8

वह पंथ प्रकृति के साथ सामंजस्य बिठाने पर बल देता है।

That sect emphasizes living in harmony with nature.

Describes the philosophy of a sect related to nature.

1

मध्यकालीन भारत में भक्ति पंथों का अभूतपूर्व विकास हुआ।

In medieval India, there was unprecedented growth of Bhakti sects.

Historical and cultural context, using plural 'पंथों'.

2

उसके लेखन में एक विशिष्ट पंथ की झलक मिलती है।

A glimpse of a specific ideology/way of thinking is seen in his writing.

Figurative use, implying a unique philosophical or ideological stance.

3

यह पंथ ज्ञान की खोज में कठोर तपस्या पर बल देता है।

This sect emphasizes severe austerity in the pursuit of knowledge.

Describes the rigorous practices of a sect.

4

सांसारिक मोह-माया से परे, वह एक आध्यात्मिक पंथ पर चल पड़ा।

Beyond worldly attachments, he embarked on a spiritual path.

Poetic and profound use of 'पंथ' for a spiritual journey.

5

उस पंथ के अनुयायी अपनी जीवनशैली के लिए जाने जाते हैं।

Followers of that sect are known for their lifestyle.

Highlights the lifestyle associated with a specific sect.

6

परंपरागत पंथों से हटकर, उन्होंने एक नया मार्ग प्रशस्त किया।

Diverging from traditional sects, they paved a new way.

Contrasts traditional sects with innovation.

7

अक्सर, पंथ की पहचान उसके अनुष्ठानों से होती है।

Often, the identity of a sect is determined by its rituals.

Connects sect identity with specific practices.

8

उस पंथ का दर्शन अत्यंत गूढ़ और जटिल है।

The philosophy of that sect is extremely profound and complex.

Describes the depth of a sect's philosophy.

1

भारतीय उपमहाद्वीप में पंथों के उद्भव और विकास का अध्ययन एक विस्तृत विषय है।

The study of the emergence and development of sects in the Indian subcontinent is a vast subject.

Academic and comprehensive use of the plural 'पंथों'.

2

यह पंथ अपनी गूढ़ रहस्यमयता के लिए जाना जाता है, जो इसे अन्य पंथों से अलग करती है।

This sect is known for its profound mysticism, which distinguishes it from other sects.

Highlights the unique mystical aspect of a sect and compares it to others.

3

उसके पंथ की व्याख्या पारंपरिक पंथों से भिन्न थी, जिसने अकादमिक जगत में बहस छेड़ दी।

The interpretation of his sect differed from traditional sects, sparking debate in academia.

Discusses the academic reception and distinctiveness of a sect's interpretation.

4

आधुनिक समाज में, पंथ शब्द का प्रयोग अक्सर एक रूढ़िवादी या कट्टरवादी समूह को इंगित करने के लिए किया जाता है।

In modern society, the term 'sect' is often used to indicate a conservative or fundamentalist group.

Discusses the evolving connotations and potential negative uses of the word 'sect'.

5

यह पंथ प्रकृति के साथ एक एकात्मक संबंध स्थापित करने पर बल देता है, जो इसे अन्य पंथों से पृथक करता है।

This sect emphasizes establishing a unified relationship with nature, which separates it from other sects.

Highlights a unique philosophical tenet that differentiates a sect.

6

उसकी पंथ की आध्यात्मिक यात्रा प्रतीकात्मक रूप से उस पंथ का अनुसरण करती है जो प्राचीन ऋषियों ने अपनाया था।

The spiritual journey of his sect symbolically follows the path that ancient sages adopted.

Connects a modern sect's spiritual journey to ancient traditions.

7

साहित्य में, पंथ शब्द का प्रयोग अक्सर किसी विशेष साहित्यिक प्रवृत्ति या दार्शनिक दृष्टिकोण को दर्शाने के लिए किया जाता है।

In literature, the word 'sect' is often used to denote a particular literary trend or philosophical outlook.

Discusses the application of the term 'sect' in literary analysis.

8

सभी पंथों का अंतिम लक्ष्य एक ही हो सकता है, परंतु उनके पंथ भिन्न हैं।

The ultimate goal of all sects may be the same, but their paths are different.

Philosophical statement about the diversity of approaches to a common goal.

المرادفات

मार्ग रास्ता सम्प्रदाय विचारधारा रीति पथ ढंग दिशानिर्देश

الأضداد

अंधकार भटकाव अव्यवस्था सामान्य

تلازمات شائعة

धार्मिक पंथ
आध्यात्मिक पंथ
सच्चाई का पंथ
जीवन का पंथ
सही पंथ
प्राचीन पंथ
निर्धारित पंथ
अनोखा पंथ
ज्ञान का पंथ
अहिंसा का पंथ

العبارات الشائعة

यह पंथ है।

— This is a sect. / This is a path.

Context determines the meaning. If discussing religions, it's a sect. If discussing travel, it's a path.

उस पंथ के लोग।

— People of that sect.

Refers to the followers of a particular religious or philosophical group.

पंथ पर चलना।

— To follow a path. / To follow a sect's teachings.

Can be literal (walk on a path) or metaphorical (adhere to beliefs).

एक नया पंथ।

— A new sect. / A new path.

Can refer to the formation of a new religious group or the discovery of a new route.

पुराना पंथ।

— Old sect. / Old path.

Refers to an established religious tradition or an ancient route.

पंथ का अनुयायी।

— Follower of a sect.

Someone who adheres to the beliefs and practices of a particular sect.

जीवन का पंथ।

— The path of life.

A metaphorical expression for one's life journey or chosen way of living.

सही पंथ।

— The right path. / The right sect.

Implies a correct or preferred way of living or believing.

ज्ञान का पंथ।

— The path of knowledge.

A metaphorical path focused on acquiring wisdom and understanding.

शांति का पंथ।

— The path of peace.

A way of life or belief system centered on achieving peace.

يُخلط عادةً مع

पंथ vs मार्ग (Marg)

'मार्ग' is a more general term for path or way. 'पंथ' can also mean path but often implies a more specific, prescribed, or spiritual way, or a structured group following it.

पंथ vs रास्ता (Rasta)

'रास्ता' is the most common word for road or path, used for everyday routes. 'पंथ' is typically not used for simple roads unless they have a special significance.

पंथ vs सम्प्रदाय (Sampraday)

'सम्प्रदाय' is a close synonym for 'sect' in religious contexts. 'पंथ' can sometimes imply a more distinct or founder-led tradition compared to 'सम्प्रदाय'.

تعبيرات اصطلاحية

"सबका पंथ एक है।"

— Everyone's path/goal is the same (despite different ways of reaching it).

This idiom suggests that different methods or beliefs can lead to the same ultimate outcome or truth.

Proverbial
"गलत पंथ पर चलना।"

— To follow the wrong path.

This idiom implies making incorrect choices in life, adopting wrong beliefs, or straying from a righteous way.

Figurative
"अपने पंथ पर अडिग रहना।"

— To remain steadfast in one's path/sect.

This idiom means to stay committed to one's chosen beliefs, way of life, or principles, without wavering.

Figurative
"नया पंथ खोलना।"

— To start a new sect. / To forge a new path.

Can refer to establishing a new religious group or pioneering a new approach or way of doing things.

Figurative
"एक ही पंथ के लोग।"

— People of the same sect. / Like-minded people.

This phrase refers to individuals who share the same beliefs, affiliations, or ways of thinking.

Figurative
"पंथ-निरपेक्ष"

— Secular (literally, 'sect-independent').

This term is used to describe a state or policy that is neutral with respect to religious sects.

Formal/Political
"पंथ-भ्रष्ट"

— One who has strayed from their sect/path (apostate).

This term refers to someone who has abandoned their original religious or philosophical affiliation.

Formal/Religious
"पंथ का मार्ग दिखाना।"

— To show someone the path of a sect/way.

This means to guide someone towards a particular belief system, lifestyle, or spiritual journey.

Figurative
"पंथ की जड़ें गहरी होना।"

— A sect having deep roots.

This idiom signifies that a particular sect or belief system is well-established and has a long history.

Figurative
"अलग पंथ अपनाना।"

— To adopt a different sect/path.

This implies changing one's beliefs, way of life, or religious affiliation.

Figurative

سهل الخلط

पंथ vs मार्ग (Marg)

Both 'पंथ' and 'मार्ग' can mean 'path'.

'मार्ग' is a general term for any path, road, or way. It can be physical or metaphorical. 'पंथ', when meaning path, often implies a specific, chosen, or spiritual way of life or a route with a particular purpose (like a pilgrimage route). It can also refer to a structured group or sect.

The sentence 'यह <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>मार्ग</mark> जंगल से होकर जाता है।' (This path goes through the forest) uses the general term. The sentence 'यह <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>पंथ</mark> सत्य की ओर ले जाता है।' (This path leads towards truth) uses 'पंथ' for a more philosophical or spiritual way.

पंथ vs रास्ता (Rasta)

Both 'पंथ' and 'रास्ता' can mean 'path' or 'way'.

'रास्ता' is the most common and general word for a road, street, or path. It's used for everyday navigation. 'पंथ' is less common for simple roads and is usually reserved for paths with a specific purpose, a spiritual journey, or a structured group (sect).

Asking for directions to a friend's house would use 'रास्ता': 'घर जाने का <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>रास्ता</mark> क्या है?' (What is the way home?). Using 'पंथ' here would sound unusual. However, 'सच्चाई का <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>पंथ</mark>' (the path of truth) is a common metaphorical use of 'पंथ'.

पंथ vs सम्प्रदाय (Sampraday)

Both 'पंथ' and 'सम्प्रदाय' translate to 'sect' or 'denomination' in English.

'सम्प्रदाय' is a very direct synonym for a religious sect or denomination and is often used for established religious groups. 'पंथ' can also mean sect, but it sometimes carries a connotation of a more distinct, founder-led tradition, or a particular school of thought that might be less formalized than a 'सम्प्रदाय'. In some contexts, 'पंथ' can also refer to a philosophical school.

'वैष्णव <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>सम्प्रदाय</mark>' (Vaishnav sect) is a standard term. 'कबीर <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>पंथ</mark>' (Kabir's sect/tradition) refers to a specific lineage and philosophy associated with Kabir.

पंथ vs विचारधारा (Vichardhara)

A 'पंथ' (sect) is defined by its 'विचारधारा' (ideology).

'विचारधारा' refers specifically to a system of beliefs, ideas, or principles. It's the intellectual content. 'पंथ', on the other hand, refers to the group of people who follow that ideology, or the way of life derived from it. A 'पंथ' has an 'विचारधारा', but an 'विचारधारा' doesn't necessarily constitute a 'पंथ' unless it's followed by a group or forms a distinct way of life.

The <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>विचारधारा</mark> (ideology) of the <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>पंथ</mark> (sect) was about equality. Here, 'विचारधारा' is the set of beliefs, and 'पंथ' is the group adhering to them.

पंथ vs रीति (Riti)

The practices associated with a 'पंथ' are called 'रीति' (customs/traditions).

'रीति' refers to customs, traditions, or methods of doing things. A 'पंथ' will have its own specific 'रीति-रिवाज़' (customs and traditions). However, 'रीति' itself is not a sect or a path. It's the set of observable practices associated with a group or a way of life.

The <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>पंथ</mark> (sect) has unique <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>रीति</mark>-रिवाज़ (customs). Here, 'पंथ' is the group, and 'रीति' are their specific practices.

أنماط الجُمل

A2

This <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>पंथ</mark> is [adjective].

यह <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>पंथ</mark> लम्बा है। (This path is long.)

A2

We are looking for a new <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>पंथ</mark>.

हम एक नए <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>पंथ</mark> की तलाश में हैं। (We are in search of a new way.)

B1

This <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>पंथ</mark> is based on [noun/concept].

यह <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>पंथ</mark> सत्य और अहिंसा पर आधारित है। (This sect is based on truth and non-violence.)

B1

The <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>पंथ</mark> of life is not always [adjective].

जीवन का <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>पंथ</mark> हमेशा सीधा नहीं होता। (The path of life is not always straight.)

B2

Followers of [possessive pronoun] <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>पंथ</mark> [verb phrase].

उस <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>पंथ</mark> के अनुयायी अपनी जीवनशैली के लिए जाने जाते हैं। (Followers of that sect are known for their lifestyle.)

B2

This <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>पंथ</mark> emphasizes [noun/concept].

यह <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>पंथ</mark> प्रकृति के साथ सामंजस्य बिठाने पर बल देता है। (That sect emphasizes living in harmony with nature.)

C1

In [time period/context], [noun] <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>पंथों</mark> [verb phrase].

मध्यकालीन भारत में भक्ति <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>पंथों</mark> का अभूतपूर्व विकास हुआ। (In medieval India, there was unprecedented growth of Bhakti sects.)

C1

His/Her writing shows a glimpse of a specific <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>पंथ</mark>.

उसके लेखन में एक विशिष्ट <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>पंथ</mark> की झलक मिलती है। (A glimpse of a specific ideology/way of thinking is seen in his writing.)

عائلة الكلمة

الأسماء

पंथ (panth) - sect, path

مرتبط

मार्ग (marg) - path, way
रास्ता (rasta) - road, way
सम्प्रदाय (sampraday) - sect, denomination
विचार (vichar) - thought
अनुयायी (anuyayi) - follower
سجّل مجاناً لرؤية جميع الأمثلة

كيفية الاستخدام

frequency

Medium-High, especially in contexts related to religion, philosophy, and travel.

أخطاء شائعة
  • Using 'पंथ' interchangeably with 'रास्ता' for any road. → Use 'रास्ता' (rasta) or 'सड़क' (sadak) for general roads. Use 'पंथ' for specific, significant, or spiritual paths.

    While 'पंथ' can mean path, it implies more than just a physical road. It suggests a chosen way, a route with a purpose, or a spiritual journey. For everyday navigation, 'रास्ता' is more appropriate.

  • Using 'पंथ' for non-religious groups. → Use 'दल' (dal), 'समूह' (samuh), or 'संगठन' (sangathan) for political parties, clubs, or general groups.

    'पंथ' primarily refers to religious or philosophical sects. Applying it to secular organizations can be inaccurate or sound strange.

  • Incorrect gender agreement with 'पंथ'. → Adjectives and verbs must agree with the masculine gender of 'पंथ'. Example: 'यह <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>पंथ</mark> <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>अच्छा</mark> <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>था</mark>' (This path/sect was good).

    'पंथ' is a masculine noun. Forgetting this leads to grammatical errors like using feminine endings.

  • Confusing 'पंथ' with 'सम्प्रदाय' without understanding the nuance. → Use 'सम्प्रदाय' for established religious denominations. Use 'पंथ' when referring to a more distinct tradition, school of thought, or a specific lineage.

    While close synonyms for 'sect', 'पंथ' can sometimes imply a more unique or founder-centric tradition compared to the more general term 'सम्प्रदाय'.

  • Using 'पंथ' when a simpler word like 'विचारधारा' (ideology) would suffice. → Use 'विचारधारा' when referring to a system of beliefs or ideas. Use 'पंथ' when referring to the group following those beliefs or the way of life.

    'पंथ' implies a group or a way of life, whereas 'विचारधारा' is just the set of ideas. They are related but not interchangeable.

نصائح

Look for Context

To understand whether 'पंथ' means 'sect' or 'path', always look at the surrounding words. Discussions about religion, beliefs, or followers point to 'sect'. Mentions of travel, directions, or life journeys suggest 'path'.

Mind the Gender

Remember that 'पंथ' is a masculine noun. Ensure your adjectives and verbs agree with it. For example, say 'यह पंथ अच्छा था' (This path/sect was good), not 'अच्छी थी'.

Know Your Synonyms

Be aware of words like 'मार्ग' (marg), 'रास्ता' (rasta), and 'सम्प्रदाय' (sampraday). 'रास्ता' is for general roads, 'मार्ग' is a general path, and 'सम्प्रदाय' is a direct synonym for religious sect. 'पंथ' often has a more specific or spiritual connotation.

Use it in Sentences

Try creating your own sentences using 'पंथ' in both its meanings. Write one sentence about a religious sect and another about a physical or metaphorical path. This active recall will solidify your understanding.

Clear Pronunciation

Practice the pronunciation of 'पंथ' (/pʌnθ/), paying attention to the short 'a' sound and the voiceless 'th' at the end. Clear pronunciation helps in being understood and understanding others.

Understand the Cultural Context

Recognize that 'पंथ' plays a significant role in the diverse religious and philosophical landscape of India. Understanding this context will help you grasp its usage more deeply.

Differentiate Meanings

Actively try to differentiate between 'पंथ' as a sect and 'पंथ' as a path. Consider if the context implies a group of people with shared beliefs or a route one travels.

Learn Related Words

Expand your vocabulary by learning related words like 'अनुयायी' (anuyayi - follower), 'दर्शन' (darshan - philosophy), and 'परंपरा' (parampara - tradition). This will enrich your understanding of 'पंथ'.

Pay Attention When Listening

When listening to Hindi, actively listen for the word 'पंथ'. Note down the sentences and try to infer its meaning from the context. This is a great way to learn natural usage.

Read Hindi Texts

Read articles, stories, or religious texts in Hindi. Encountering 'पंथ' in various written forms will help you understand its different applications and nuances.

احفظها

وسيلة تذكّر

Imagine a 'path' (पंथ) leading to a 'temple' (like a religious sect). The word sounds like 'pant', and you can picture yourself wearing a 'pant' while walking on a long 'path' to a temple.

ربط بصري

Picture a winding path with a signpost pointing in two directions: one labeled 'Sect' (with religious symbols) and the other labeled 'Path' (with a map icon).

Word Web

Sect Path Way Route Religion Philosophy Journey Beliefs Tradition Followers Spiritual Guidance

تحدٍّ

Try to explain the two main meanings of 'पंथ' (panth) to someone else using only simple Hindi words. Then, try to use 'पंथ' in a sentence where it means 'sect' and another sentence where it means 'path'.

أصل الكلمة

The word 'पंथ' (panth) has Sanskrit origins. It is derived from the Sanskrit word 'पन्थ' (pantha), which means 'path', 'way', 'road', or 'course'. This root is common in Indo-Aryan languages and signifies a route or a method of progression.

المعنى الأصلي: Path, way, road, course.

Indo-Aryan (Sanskrit)

السياق الثقافي

When discussing religious 'पंथ' (sects), it's important to be respectful of different beliefs and avoid making judgmental statements. The term itself is neutral, but its usage can sometimes carry connotations depending on the context.

In English, 'sect' is often used for religious groups, while 'path' or 'way' is used for routes or lifestyles. The Hindi word 'पंथ' bridges these meanings, making it versatile but requiring context for clear understanding.

The various philosophical schools within Hinduism are often referred to as 'पंथ'. The different Buddhist traditions can be seen as distinct 'पंथ'. The concept of 'Bhakti panth' refers to devotional paths within Hinduism.

تدرّب في الحياة الواقعية

سياقات واقعية

Religious discussions

  • यह <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>पंथ</mark>...
  • <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>पंथ</mark> के अनुयायी
  • विभिन्न <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>पंथों</mark>

Describing routes or journeys

  • यह <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>पंथ</mark>...
  • <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>पंथ</mark> पर चलना
  • सही <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>पंथ</mark>

Philosophical or life advice

  • जीवन का <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>पंथ</mark>
  • सच्चाई का <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>पंथ</mark>
  • अपने <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>पंथ</mark> पर चलना

Historical narratives

  • प्राचीन <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>पंथ</mark>
  • नए <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>पंथ</mark> का उदय
  • <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>पंथों</mark> का इतिहास

Asking for directions

  • <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>पंथ</mark> बताइये?
  • यह <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>पंथ</mark> कहाँ जाता है?
  • मुझे <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>पंथ</mark> चाहिए।

بدايات محادثة

"क्या आप किसी विशेष धार्मिक पंथ के बारे में जानते हैं?"

"जीवन में अपना पंथ चुनना कितना महत्वपूर्ण है?"

"क्या आपने कभी कोई नया पंथ या रास्ता अपनाया है?"

"इस पंथ पर चलकर हमें क्या मिलेगा?"

"आपके अनुसार, सबसे अच्छा पंथ कौन सा है?"

مواضيع للكتابة اليومية

आज मैंने जो <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>पंथ</mark> (रास्ता) चुना, उसके बारे में लिखें।

क्या कोई ऐसा <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>पंथ</mark> (समूह/विचारधारा) है जिससे आप जुड़ना चाहेंगे? क्यों?

अपने जीवन के <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>पंथ</mark> (मार्ग) के बारे में सोचें और उसे विस्तार से लिखें।

क्या आपने कभी किसी <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>पंथ</mark> (सेक्ट) के बारे में सुना है जो आपको दिलचस्प लगा हो?

अपने आदर्श <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>पंथ</mark> (जीवन शैली) का वर्णन करें।

الأسئلة الشائعة

10 أسئلة

'रास्ता' (rasta) is a general term for any road, path, or way, used for everyday navigation. 'पंथ' (panth) can also mean path, but it often implies a specific, chosen, or spiritual way of life, or a route with a particular purpose. For example, you would use 'रास्ता' to ask for directions to a shop, but 'पंथ' might be used for a spiritual journey or a philosophical path.

Primarily, 'पंथ' refers to religious or philosophical sects. While it can sometimes be used metaphorically for a distinct 'way' or 'ideology' followed by a group, it's not generally used for secular groups like political parties or clubs. For those, words like 'दल' (dal - party) or 'समूह' (samuh - group) are more appropriate.

The word 'पंथ' itself is neutral. It simply denotes a sect or a path. However, in some contexts, particularly in modern usage, 'sect' can sometimes carry negative connotations of being exclusionary or fanatical. The term 'पंथ-भ्रष्ट' (panth-bhrasht) means one who has strayed from their sect, implying a deviation. The context and surrounding words determine the connotation.

The plural of 'पंथ' is 'पंथों' (panthon). For example, 'विभिन्न पंथों के अनुयायी' means 'followers of various sects'.

The context is key. If the sentence discusses beliefs, followers, rituals, or religious figures, it likely means 'sect'. If it talks about journeys, directions, life choices, or a way of living, it likely means 'path'. For example, 'यह पंथ शांति का संदेश देता है।' (This sect gives a message of peace) refers to a sect. 'यह पंथ जंगल से होकर जाता है।' (This path goes through the forest) refers to a path.

'धर्म' (dharm) means religion or duty. 'पंथ' (panth) is often a specific sect or tradition within a larger 'धर्म'. So, Hinduism is a 'धर्म', but within Hinduism, there are various 'पंथ' like Shaivism, Vaishnavism, etc. 'पंथ' is a subdivision or a specific way within a broader religious framework.

'पंथ' is a masculine noun in Hindi. This means that adjectives, verbs, and pronouns referring to it should use masculine forms. For example, 'यह पंथ अच्छा था।' (This path/sect was good.)

While less common, 'पंथ' can sometimes be used metaphorically for a distinct ideology or a rigid way of thinking that a group follows, similar to a 'school of thought'. However, 'विचारधारा' (vichardhara - ideology) or 'दल' (dal - party) are more standard terms for political ideologies and groups.

'मार्ग' (marg) is a general term for path or way. 'पंथ' (panth), when meaning path, often implies a more specific, chosen, or spiritual way of life, or a route with a particular purpose. It can also refer to a structured group or sect, which 'मार्ग' does not.

'पंथ-निरपेक्ष' (panth-nirpeksh) literally means 'sect-independent' or 'sect-neutral'. It is the Hindi term for 'secular', referring to a state or policy that does not favor any particular religious sect.

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محتوى ذو صلة

مزيد من كلمات society

आस्था

A2

لدي إيمان عميق بالله.

आज़ादी

A2

الحرية هي القدرة على التصرف دون قيود.

अहिंसा

A2

أهيمسا هي مبدأ عدم العنف في الفلسفة الهندية.

अजनबी

A2

كلمة 'غريب' تصف الشخص الذي لا نعرفه أو الذي نلتقي به للمرة الأولى. تُستخدم للإشارة إلى أي شخص خارج دائرة معارفنا أو أصدقائنا.

अमीर

A2

كلمة 'غني' تصف الشخص الذي يمتلك ثروة كبيرة أو وفرة في الموارد المالية. تُستخدم أيضاً مجازياً لوصف وفرة في الصفات المعنوية أو الأخلاقية.

अपराधी

B1

المجرم هو الشخص الذي ارتكب جريمة. تم تحديد اللص باعتباره 'مجرم' وتم اعتقاله.

अशिष्ट

B1

كلمة 'Ashisht' تعني 'وقح' أو 'غير مهذب' باللغة الهندية. تُستخدم في السياقات الرسمية لوصف سوء السلوك.

भगवान

A2

كلمة تعني الإله أو الخالق، وتستخدم للإشارة إلى الذات الإلهية في الثقافة الهندية. تعبر عن التقدير والتبجيل للقدرة المطلقة التي تدير شؤون الكون.

भारत

A1

الهند هي دولة تقع في جنوب آسيا، وتُعد واحدة من أكبر دول العالم من حيث المساحة والسكان. تشتهر بتنوعها الثقافي والحضاري العريق.

बेईमान

A2

شخص غير صادق أو يغش. من عدم الأمانة أن تأخذ شيئاً ليس لك.

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