B1 · متوسط فصل 32

Relative Clauses: Connecting Ideas with 'Who' and 'Which'

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القواعد في هذا الفصل تدريب سريع

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Transform your simple sentences into fluid, sophisticated Croatian narratives using relative clauses.

  • Identify the correct relative pronoun based on noun gender and case.
  • Combine simple sentences using 'koji', 'što', and 'tko'.
  • Apply correct punctuation rules to define or describe nouns.
Connect your thoughts with precision and grace.

ما ستتعلمه

Master the use of relative pronouns (tko, što, koji) to form relative clauses. This allows you to combine sentences and provide more detailed information about nouns.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Construct complex sentences using 'koji' to describe people and objects.

نصائح وحيل (4)

💡

Check the Noun

Always look at the noun before 'koji'. Its gender and number dictate the form of 'koji'.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Introduction to Relative Clauses
💡

Check the Noun

Before you write 'koji', look at the noun it modifies. Is it masculine? Feminine? Neuter? That's your first step.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Relative Pronoun 'Koji' (Which, Who, That)
💡

Check the Case

Always identify the case of the noun first. It will tell you which form of 'koji' to use.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Declension of 'Koji' (Gender, Number, Case Agreement)
💡

The Comma Rule

Always put a comma before 'što' when it introduces a relative clause. It's a hallmark of good Croatian writing.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Relative Pronoun 'Što' (What, That)

المفردات الرئيسية (6)

koji which/who tko who što what/that rečenica sentence imenica noun zarez comma

Real-World Preview

coffee

Meeting a New Friend

Review Summary

  • Noun + koji/koja/koje + verb

أخطاء شائعة

Use 'tko' for people when the antecedent is missing or general.

Wrong: Čovjek koji radi...
صحيح: Čovjek tko radi...

Gender agreement failure. Knjiga is feminine.

Wrong: Knjiga koji čitam.
صحيح: Knjiga koju čitam.

Accusative case confusion for inanimate objects.

Wrong: Grad kojeg volim
صحيح: Grad koji volim

Next Steps

You've mastered the art of connection! Keep practicing these structures in your daily writing.

Read a Croatian news article and highlight all relative pronouns.

Continue to: Conditional Sentences (Type I): Real Possibilities

تدريب سريع (10)

Choose the correct case after the preposition.

To je ono o ___ razmišljam.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: čemu
The preposition 'o' (about) requires the locative case 'čemu'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Relative Pronoun 'Što' (What, That)

Correct the mistake.

Find and fix the mistake:

To je grad u koji živim.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: To je grad u kojem živim.
Locative case is needed.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Relative Pronoun 'Koji' (Which, Who, That)

Fill in the blank.

Ovo je čovjek ___ radi.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: koji
Masculine nominative.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Declension of 'Koji' (Gender, Number, Case Agreement)

Choose the correct relative pronoun.

Zaboravio je ključeve, ___ me naljutilo.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: što
We use 'što' because it refers to the whole situation of forgetting keys.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Relative Pronoun 'Što' (What, That)

Fill in the blank with the correct form of 'koji'.

Ovo je žena ___ radi u banci.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: koja
Žena is feminine.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Relative Pronoun 'Koji' (Which, Who, That)

Fill in the correct form of 'koji' with the preposition.

Grad u ___ živim je velik.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: kojem
Locative case.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Introduction to Relative Clauses

Choose the correct relative pronoun.

Osoba ___ sam poslao pismo je sretna.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: kojoj
Dative case.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Introduction to Relative Clauses

Choose the correct relative pronoun.

To je problem ___ moramo riješiti.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: koji
Problem is masculine.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Relative Pronoun 'Koji' (Which, Who, That)

Fill in the correct form of 'tko'.

Onaj ___ uči, taj i zna.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: tko
The subject of the clause is needed, so we use the nominative 'tko'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Relative Pronoun 'Tko' (Who)

Fix the punctuation in this sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Knjiga koju, čitam je dosadna.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
The comma goes before 'koju' and another one must close the clause.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Punctuation in Relative Clauses

Score: /10

أسئلة شائعة (6)

Use 'koji' to modify a noun (relative clause). Use 'da' to connect a verb to a clause (e.g., 'Želim da dođeš').
Yes, it changes based on gender, number, and case.
No, you must match the gender and number of the noun. Also, use 'što' for abstract concepts.
Croatian is a case-based language. The pronoun must reflect the grammatical role it plays in the sentence.
It changes to match the noun's gender, number, and case.
Look at the role of the noun in the relative clause.
الفصل التالي
Conditional Sentences (Type I): Real Possibilities
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