B1 · متوسط فصل 32

Relative Clauses: Connecting Ideas with 'Who' and 'Which'

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القواعد في هذا الفصل تدريب سريع

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Transform your simple sentences into fluid, sophisticated Croatian narratives using relative clauses.

  • Identify the correct relative pronoun based on noun gender and case.
  • Combine simple sentences using 'koji', 'što', and 'tko'.
  • Apply correct punctuation rules to define or describe nouns.
Connect your thoughts with precision and grace.

ما ستتعلمه

Master the use of relative pronouns (tko, što, koji) to form relative clauses. This allows you to combine sentences and provide more detailed information about nouns.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Construct complex sentences using 'koji' to describe people and objects.

نصائح وحيل (4)

💡

Check the Noun

Always look at the noun before 'koji'. Its gender and number dictate the form of 'koji'.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Introduction to Relative Clauses
💡

Check the Noun

Before you write 'koji', look at the noun it modifies. Is it masculine? Feminine? Neuter? That's your first step.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Relative Pronoun 'Koji' (Which, Who, That)
💡

Check the Case

Always identify the case of the noun first. It will tell you which form of 'koji' to use.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Declension of 'Koji' (Gender, Number, Case Agreement)
💡

The Comma Rule

Always put a comma before 'što' when it introduces a relative clause. It's a hallmark of good Croatian writing.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Relative Pronoun 'Što' (What, That)

المفردات الرئيسية (6)

koji which/who tko who što what/that rečenica sentence imenica noun zarez comma

Real-World Preview

coffee

Meeting a New Friend

Review Summary

  • Noun + koji/koja/koje + verb

أخطاء شائعة

Use 'tko' for people when the antecedent is missing or general.

Wrong: Čovjek koji radi...
صحيح: Čovjek tko radi...

Gender agreement failure. Knjiga is feminine.

Wrong: Knjiga koji čitam.
صحيح: Knjiga koju čitam.

Accusative case confusion for inanimate objects.

Wrong: Grad kojeg volim
صحيح: Grad koji volim

Next Steps

You've mastered the art of connection! Keep practicing these structures in your daily writing.

Read a Croatian news article and highlight all relative pronouns.

Continue to: Conditional Sentences (Type I): Real Possibilities

تدريب سريع (10)

Choose the correct sentence.

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Auto koji vozim je brz.
Auto is masculine.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Relative Pronoun 'Koji' (Which, Who, That)

Choose the correct sentence.

Which one is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: b
Since we have a specific noun 'čovjek', we must use 'koji', not 'tko'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Relative Pronoun 'Tko' (Who)

Fill in the blank.

Ovo je prijateljica s ___ idem na kavu.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: kojom
Instrumental case after 's'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Relative Pronoun 'Koji' (Which, Who, That)

Fill in the blank.

Ovo je čovjek ___ radi.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: koji
Masculine nominative.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Declension of 'Koji' (Gender, Number, Case Agreement)

Fill in the correct form of 'koji' with the preposition.

Grad u ___ živim je velik.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: kojem
Locative case.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Introduction to Relative Clauses

Choose the correct relative pronoun.

Osoba ___ sam poslao pismo je sretna.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: kojoj
Dative case.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Introduction to Relative Clauses

Find the error in the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

On puno radi koji je dobro.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: koji
Should be 'što' because it refers to the fact that he works a lot.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Relative Pronoun 'Što' (What, That)

Fill in the blank with the correct form of 'koji'.

Ovo je žena ___ radi u banci.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: koja
Žena is feminine.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Relative Pronoun 'Koji' (Which, Who, That)

Correct the case of 'tko'.

Find and fix the mistake:

Tko se ne sviđa ovaj film, neka izađe.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Kome
The verb 'sviđati se' requires the dative case.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Relative Pronoun 'Tko' (Who)

Choose the correct relative pronoun.

To je problem ___ moramo riješiti.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: koji
Problem is masculine.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Relative Pronoun 'Koji' (Which, Who, That)

Score: /10

أسئلة شائعة (6)

Use 'koji' to modify a noun (relative clause). Use 'da' to connect a verb to a clause (e.g., 'Želim da dođeš').
Yes, it changes based on gender, number, and case.
No, you must match the gender and number of the noun. Also, use 'što' for abstract concepts.
Croatian is a case-based language. The pronoun must reflect the grammatical role it plays in the sentence.
It changes to match the noun's gender, number, and case.
Look at the role of the noun in the relative clause.
الفصل التالي
Conditional Sentences (Type I): Real Possibilities
العودة إلى خارطة الطريق