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B1 noun #5,000 الأكثر شيوعاً 11 دقيقة للقراءة

出典

shutten الأكثر شيوعاً #5,000

تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح 出典 في 30 ثانية

الشرح 出典 in your Level:

At the A1 level, the word '出典' (shutten) is quite advanced and not typically taught. Beginners focus on basic needs like 'where' (doko). However, the concept of 'where did this come from?' is introduced early. While an A1 student wouldn't use 'shutten', they might use 'doko kara' (from where). 'Kore wa doko no hon desu ka?' (Which book is this from?) is a simpler way to express the same idea. It is helpful to recognize the first kanji '出' (out/exit), which is taught very early. If you see '出典' on a website, just know it means 'this information is from here.' You don't need to use it in your own speech yet, but knowing it exists helps you navigate Japanese media. Think of it as a label you see in books, like 'Made in Japan' but for ideas.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

At the A2 level, you begin to encounter more formal vocabulary in reading materials. You might see '出典' in a short article or a textbook. At this stage, you should understand that '出典' is a formal noun meaning 'source.' You might use it in a simple sentence like 'Shutten wa Wikipedia desu' (The source is Wikipedia). You are learning to distinguish between casual and formal Japanese, and '出典' is firmly on the formal side. It is used instead of 'doko kara' when you want to sound more like a student or a professional. You should also start to notice it in bibliographic citations in the books you read. It's a key word for understanding where facts in a text are coming from, which is a useful skill for basic reading comprehension.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

At the B1 level, '出典' becomes a functional part of your vocabulary, especially if you are studying in Japan or working in a Japanese office. You are expected to know how to cite sources in a basic essay or report. You should be able to use the pattern '出典を明記する' (to clearly state the source). You are moving beyond simple descriptions and starting to provide evidence for your opinions. Understanding '出典' allows you to participate in academic discussions and follow news reports more closely. You will also learn to distinguish it from 'inyou' (quotation). At B1, you should be able to ask someone for the source of their information politely: 'Shutten o oshiete moraemasu ka?' (Could you tell me the source?). This level is about using the word to add credibility to your own Japanese communication.

At the B2 level, you should have a nuanced understanding of '出典.' You understand that it specifically refers to written or recorded sources and wouldn't use it for a person or a physical origin. You are familiar with compound terms like '出典不明' (source unknown) and '出典元' (source origin). In your writing, you use '出典' to build complex arguments, ensuring that every claim is backed by a verifiable 'shutten.' You can also discuss the importance of 'shutten' in the context of copyright and plagiarism. You might encounter the word in legal or business documents where accuracy is paramount. At this level, you can also understand the difference between '出典' and '参考文献' (bibliography), using each correctly in a formal paper. Your speech and writing become more sophisticated as you use these precise terms.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

At the C1 level, your use of '出典' is indistinguishable from a native speaker's in a professional or academic setting. You understand the historical etymology of the word, involving the 'ten' (classics), and you can use it when discussing classical literature or historical documents. You are comfortable using the verb 'ataru' (to consult/check) with '出典' to describe the research process: 'Shutten ni atatte kakunin suru' (to check by consulting the original source). You can navigate complex academic debates where the validity of a 'shutten' might be questioned. You also understand the cultural weight of citing sources in Japan, including the etiquette of acknowledging intellectual lineage. You can use the word in high-level business negotiations or legal discussions regarding intellectual property with total confidence.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

At the C2 level, you possess a masterly command of '出典' and its synonyms. You can use it in highly specialized contexts, such as philology or advanced legal scholarship. You understand the subtle rhetorical effects of choosing '出典' over 'inyou-moto' or 'jouhou-gen' to convey authority or distance. You are capable of identifying 'shutten' in archaic or highly technical texts and can explain their significance to others. You might even use the word in creative writing to evoke a sense of scholarly precision or historical depth. Your understanding includes the legal nuances of 'shutten' in Japanese copyright law (著作権法) and how it relates to the 'fair use' of materials. At this level, the word is not just a tool for citation, but a part of your deep understanding of how knowledge is constructed and shared in Japanese society.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح

出典 في 30 ثانية

Shutten refers to the formal source of information, such as a book, article, or website, used primarily in academic or professional contexts.
It is essential for citing quotes, images, or statistics to avoid plagiarism and ensure intellectual property rights are respected in Japanese writing.
Commonly paired with verbs like 'meiki suru' (state clearly) and 'shiraberu' (investigate), it denotes the 'originating book' of a specific idea.
Unlike general 'sources' like people or physical origins, shutten is specifically reserved for recorded, published, or documentary evidence of information.

The Japanese word 出典 (しゅってん - shutten) is a formal noun that refers to the origin or source of a piece of information, a quotation, an illustration, or a literary reference. In a world where information is shared at lightning speed, understanding how to acknowledge the 'roots' of knowledge is crucial. The term is composed of two kanji: 出 (shutsu/deru), meaning 'to come out' or 'exit,' and 典 (ten), which refers to a 'classic,' 'code,' 'standard,' or 'ceremonial book.' Together, they literally describe the 'book from which something comes out.' This word is primarily used in academic, legal, and professional contexts to ensure intellectual property rights are respected and to provide a trail for others to verify facts.

Academic Context: In university settings, students are constantly reminded to provide the shutten for every claim they make that isn't common knowledge. This is the cornerstone of academic integrity (学術的誠実性).

When you see a caption under a photo in a textbook or a footnote at the bottom of a Wikipedia page, the label preceding the name of the book or website is often 出典：. It serves as a seal of credibility. If a statement lacks a clear shutten, it is often dismissed as '出典不明' (shutten fumei - source unknown) or '根拠のない' (konkyo no nai - groundless). In Japanese culture, which values harmony and the lineage of ideas, correctly identifying the shutten is seen as a sign of respect toward the original creator.

この論文を書く際、情報の出典をすべて巻末に記載しました。(When writing this paper, I listed all the sources of information at the end of the volume.)

Beyond books, shutten applies to classical literature allusions. For example, if a modern poem references a phrase from the 'Man'yoshu' (Japan's oldest song anthology), the 'Man'yoshu' is the shutten. This is slightly different from the English word 'source' which can be very broad; shutten specifically points to the documentary or recorded origin. You wouldn't usually use shutten for the 'source' of a river (which is minamoto) or the 'source' of a rumor (which is de-dokoro), highlighting its specialized, formal nature.

Legal and Media Usage: Broadcasters must display the shutten when using footage from other networks or social media to avoid copyright infringement (著作権侵害). It is often displayed in small text in the corner of the screen.

画像の右下に出典を明記してください。(Please clearly state the source in the bottom right of the image.)

In summary, use shutten when you are being precise about where a specific quote, statistic, or image came from. It elevates your speech from casual observation to professional or academic reporting. It is a word that carries the weight of authority and evidence.

Comparison with 'Source': While 'Source' can mean a person (informant), 'Shutten' almost always refers to a published or recorded work. For a person, you would use '情報源' (jouhou-gen).

この引用の出典は夏目漱石の『こころ』です。(The source of this quotation is Natsume Soseki's 'Kokoro'.)

Using 出典 correctly requires pairing it with specific verbs and particles that reflect its formal nature. Because it is a noun, it often functions as the object of an action (identifying, clarifying, or searching) or as a subject describing the origin of a text. The most common grammatical pattern is [Information/Quote] no shutten wa [Source] desu. However, in professional writing, you will frequently encounter the verb 明記する (meiki suru), which means 'to state clearly.'

Pattern 1: Specifying a Source: [Noun] + の + 出典 + を + [Verb]. Example: 引用の出典を明記する (Clearly specify the source of the quote).

When you are unsure where a piece of information came from, you use the term 出典不明 (shutten fumei). This is a common label in archives or on the internet for images whose original creator cannot be traced. Conversely, if you are conducting research, you might say you are shutten o sagasu (searching for the source) or shutten o ataru (consulting the source). The verb ataru (当たる) here is particularly sophisticated, suggesting you are checking the original text to verify accuracy.

インターネット上の情報を利用する際は、必ず出典を確認しましょう。(When using information on the internet, let's always check the source.)

Another important nuance is the difference between shutten and inyou (引用). While inyou is the act of quoting, shutten is the place the quote came from. You provide the shutten to support your inyou. In Japanese sentence structure, shutten is often followed by the particle yori (より), meaning 'from,' in bibliographic citations. For example: 出典：朝日新聞より (Source: From Asahi Shimbun).

Pattern 2: Questioning the Source: 出典はどこですか？ (Where is the source?) or 出典は何ですか？ (What is the source?).

この統計データの出典が示されていないので、信頼性に欠けます。(Since the source of this statistical data is not shown, it lacks reliability.)

In business presentations, you might use the phrase 出典元 (shutten-moto). While slightly redundant (as 'moto' also means source), it is a very common way to emphasize the 'originating entity.' For example, '出典元を記載してください' (Please write down the source origin). Mastering these patterns allows you to navigate Japanese intellectual environments with the proper etiquette and precision.

Common Verbs used with 出典: 明記する (to specify), 記載する (to record/list), 示す (to show), 探す (to look for), 偽る (to falsify).

彼は出典を偽って、自分の手柄にしようとした。(He falsified the source and tried to take the credit for himself.)

You are most likely to hear 出典 (shutten) in environments where information accuracy and intellectual property are at the forefront. This includes universities, newsrooms, publishing houses, and law firms. It is not a word you would typically hear at a casual dinner party unless the conversation turns to a debate about a specific fact or a book someone is reading. However, in the digital age, it has become more common in the vocabulary of content creators and social media users who want to appear professional.

In the Classroom: A professor might say to a class: 'レポートには必ず出典を書いてください' (Please be sure to write the sources in your reports). This is a standard instruction from middle school through graduate school.

In Japanese television news (ニュース番組), whenever a graph or a piece of video from another source is shown, the announcer or a text overlay will mention the shutten. For instance, if they use a clip from a YouTuber, they will display '出典：YouTube' or the specific channel name. This is part of the strict compliance (コンプライアンス) culture in Japanese media. You will also hear it in documentaries when the narrator explains where a historical quote was found: 'この言葉の出典は「論語」です' (The source of these words is the Analects of Confucius).

テレビ番組で使われた映像の出典が画面の隅に表示されている。(The source of the footage used in the TV program is displayed in the corner of the screen.)

On the internet, particularly on Japanese Wikipedia or informational blogs (まとめサイト), the word is ubiquitous. If you are a fan of trivia, you might hear people asking for the shutten of a particularly unbelievable fact. In these contexts, asking '出典は？' is a way of saying 'Prove it' or 'Where did you get that from?' It acts as a filter for 'fake news' (フェイクニュース).

In Libraries and Archives: When asking a librarian for help, you might say, 'この情報の出典を探しています' (I am looking for the source of this information). Librarians are experts at tracing 'shutten'.

図書館の司書さんに、古い和歌の出典を調べてもらった。(I had the librarian look up the source of an old waka poem.)

Finally, in the world of traditional Japanese arts like Tea Ceremony (茶道) or Ikebana, the shutten of a scroll's calligraphy or a specific style might be discussed among practitioners. Here, the word takes on a more historical and reverent tone, connecting the present practice to centuries of tradition.

Business Meetings: 'その数字の出典を教えていただけますか？' (Could you tell me the source of those figures?) is a polite but firm way to challenge data in a corporate setting.

会議の資料には、グラフの出典を必ず入れるようにしています。(I make sure to always include the source of the graphs in the meeting materials.)

While 出典 (shutten) is a relatively straightforward term, English speakers and even native Japanese speakers often make specific errors regarding its scope, its synonyms, and its pronunciation. The most frequent mistake is confusing shutten with other 'source' words like gen-sens (源泉), minamoto (源), or jouhou-gen (情報源). Understanding the 'textual' nature of shutten is key to avoiding these pitfalls.

Mistake 1: Using it for physical origins: You cannot use shutten for the source of a river or the source of heat. For a river, use '源流' (genryuu). For heat, use '熱源' (netsugen). Shutten is strictly for information or literature.

Another common error involves the confusion between shutten and inyou (引用). As mentioned previously, inyou is the quote itself (the action of quoting), whereas shutten is the origin. A student might say '出典を読み上げます' (I will read the source aloud) when they actually mean '引用文を読み上げます' (I will read the quoted text aloud). You read the quote; you cite the source.

× この川の出典は山の中にあります。
○ この川の源流は山の中にあります。
(The source of this river is in the mountains.)

Pronunciation can also be a hurdle. The small 'tsu' (っ) in shutten (しゅってん) is vital. If pronounced as shuten (しゅてん), it sounds like 'shuten' (酒天 - a poetic term for a heavy drinker) or 'shuten' (主点 - principal point in optics). The double 't' sound creates a necessary pause that distinguishes the word. Furthermore, do not confuse it with shuppan (出版 - publishing). While related, shuppan is the act of publishing a book, not the source of a specific quote.

Mistake 2: Confusing with 'Moto-neta': In casual internet slang, people use '元ネタ' (moto-neta). Using shutten in a casual Discord chat about a meme might sound overly stiff or sarcastic. Use moto-neta for pop culture and shutten for serious work.

× あのギャグの出典は何？
○ あのギャグの元ネタは何？
(What's the source/inspiration for that joke?)

Finally, be careful with the particle usage. People sometimes say shutten ni yoru to (according to the source). While understandable, it is more natural to say shutten o sanshou suru to (referring to the source) or simply name the source directly: [Book Name] ni yoru to. Shutten is the category, not the name itself.

Mistake 3: Misusing 'Reference' (Sanshou): 'Sanshou' (参照) is the act of looking at something for information. 'Shutten' is the thing you are looking at. You 'sanshou' a 'shutten'.

正しい使い方：詳細については、下記の出典を参照してください。(Correct usage: For details, please refer to the sources below.)

To truly master 出典 (shutten), you must understand its place within a family of related terms. Japanese has many words for 'source' or 'origin,' and choosing the right one depends entirely on the context—whether it's a physical object, a person, a piece of data, or a literary work.

1. 引用元 (Inyou-moto): This is the most direct synonym. While shutten is the 'originating book/classic,' inyou-moto literally means 'the place where the quote came from.' It is slightly more modern and is frequently used in digital contexts and blogging.

Next is 情報源 (Jouhou-gen). This is broader than shutten. A jouhou-gen can be a person, a secret informant, a whispered rumor, or a satellite image. If a journalist has a 'source' in the government, they would never call that person a shutten; they are a jouhou-gen. Shutten is for tangible, published material.

彼は貴重な情報源をたくさん持っている。(He has many valuable information sources.)

For the physical origin of things, we use 源 (Minamoto) or 根源 (Kongen). These words have a more philosophical or natural flavor. Minamoto is used for the headwaters of a river or the 'source' of one's strength. Kongen is used for the 'root' of a problem or the 'origin' of the universe. Using shutten in these cases would be a major category error.

2. 参考文献 (Sankou Bunken): This means 'Reference Literature' or 'Bibliography.' While shutten usually refers to the specific source of a single quote or image, sankou bunken is the entire list of books you consulted for your work.

In casual conversation, especially regarding movies, anime, or jokes, the word 元ネタ (Moto-neta) is king. If a scene in an anime parodies a famous movie, that movie is the moto-neta. Using shutten here would sound like you're treating a cartoon like a 12th-century manuscript—though sometimes people do this for comedic effect!

このパロディの元ネタがわかる人は少ないだろう。(Few people will probably understand the source material for this parody.)

Finally, there is 根拠 (Konkyo), meaning 'grounds' or 'basis.' If someone makes a claim, you ask for their konkyo. The shutten is the document that provides the konkyo. For example: 'その主張の根拠となる出典を示してください' (Please show the source that serves as the basis for that claim).

Summary of Alternatives

出典 (Shutten): Formal, textual/published sources.
引用元 (Inyou-moto): Functional, the place quoted from.
情報源 (Jouhou-gen): Broad, including people and data.
元ネタ (Moto-neta): Casual, pop-culture origins.
源 (Minamoto): Natural/physical origins.

How Formal Is It?

حقيقة ممتعة

The kanji '典' originally depicted a book (tablets of bamboo) placed on a stand, signifying something important or ceremonial. This is why it is used in words like 'classic' (古典) and 'ceremony' (儀典).

دليل النطق

UK /ʃʊt.tɛn/

US /ʃʊt.tɛn/

The stress is relatively flat, but there is a distinct rhythmic break between 'shu' and 'ten'.

يتقافى مع

Batten (ばってん) Ketten (欠点) Setten (接点) Metten (めったに - partial) Ten (点) Genzai-ten (現在点) Heiten (閉店) Kaiten (開店)

أخطاء شائعة

Pronouncing it as 'shuten' (missing the double 't' pause).
Confusing it with 'shuppan' (publishing).
Over-pronouncing the 'u' like 'shoo-ten'.
Nasalizing the 'n' too much.
Stressing the 'ten' too heavily.

مستوى الصعوبة

القراءة 3/5

The kanji are common in academic reading, but beginners might struggle with the 'ten' kanji.

الكتابة 4/5

Writing '典' correctly requires practice with stroke order.

التحدث 2/5

The pronunciation is easy once you master the small 'tsu' pause.

الاستماع 3/5

Can be confused with 'shuten' or 'shuppan' if listening quickly.

ماذا تتعلّم بعد ذلك

المتطلبات الأساسية

出る (To go out) 本 (Book) 書く (To write) 引用 (Quotation) 場所 (Place)

تعلّم لاحقاً

参考文献 (References) 著作権 (Copyright) 脚注 (Footnote) 明記 (State clearly) 根拠 (Grounds/Basis)

متقدم

典拠 (Authority) 原典 (Original text) 博捜 (Extensive search) 信憑性 (Credibility) 依拠 (Reliance)

قواعد يجب معرفتها

Noun + の + 出典 (The source of [Noun])

引用の出典 (The source of the quotation)

出典 + に + 基づく (Based on the source)

出典に基づくデータ (Data based on the source)

出典 + を + 明記する (Clearly state the source)

レポートに出典を明記する (State the source clearly in the report)

出典 + ： + [Name] (Source: [Name])

出典：厚生労働省 (Source: Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare)

出典 + が + 不明だ (The source is unknown)

この噂は出典が不明だ (The source of this rumor is unknown)

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

أمثلة حسب المستوى

この本の出典は何ですか？

What is the source of this book?

Simple A wa B desu ka pattern.

出典はウェブサイトです。

The source is a website.

Basic noun identification.

出典を教えてください。

Please tell me the source.

Using 'o oshiete kudasai' for a request.

これは出典がありません。

This has no source.

Using 'ga arimasen' for non-existence.

出典はどこですか？

Where is the source?

Using 'doko' for location/origin.

出典はあそこです。

The source is over there.

Using 'asoko' for distance.

出典を読みます。

I will read the source.

Simple object-verb sentence.

出典は大切です。

Sources are important.

Simple adjective-noun relationship.

レポートに出典を書きました。

I wrote the source in the report.

Using the particle 'ni' for the location of writing.

出典がわからないので、調べます。

I don't know the source, so I will look it up.

Using 'node' to show reason.

この写真は出典が明記されています。

The source of this photo is clearly stated.

Passive voice 'sarete imasu' for state.

出典を忘れないでください。

Please don't forget the source.

Negative request 'nai de kudasai'.

出典は新聞の記事です。

The source is a newspaper article.

Noun modification with 'no'.

正しい出典を見つけました。

I found the correct source.

Past tense 'mitsukemashita'.

出典を確認しましょう。

Let's check the source.

Volitional form 'shimashou' for suggestion.

出典はどこにありますか？

Where can I find the source?

Using 'ni arimasu ka' for existence in a place.

引用した文の出典を明記してください。

Please clearly state the source of the quoted sentence.

Relative clause 'inyou shita bun'.

その情報の出典は信頼できますか？

Is the source of that information reliable?

Using 'shinrai dekimasu ka' for possibility.

出典が不明な情報は使わない方がいいです。

It's better not to use information whose source is unknown.

Using 'hou ga ii' for advice.

出典を巻末にまとめて記載しました。

I listed the sources together at the end of the book.

Adverbial use of 'matomete'.

出典を調べるのに時間がかかりました。

It took time to investigate the source.

Using 'no ni' for purpose/duration.

このグラフの出典は政府の統計です。

The source of this graph is government statistics.

Noun phrase 'seifu no toukei'.

出典を示すことは著作権を守ることです。

Showing the source means protecting copyright.

Using 'koto wa ... koto desu' to define concepts.

出典を偽るのは大きな問題になります。

Falsifying a source will become a big problem.

Gerund 'nitsuite' implied, using 'no' as a nominalizer.

出典をあたって、事実関係を確認した。

I checked the facts by consulting the original source.

Using 'ataru' in a research context.

出典元が多岐にわたるため、整理が必要だ。

Since the sources are diverse, organization is necessary.

Using 'tame' for cause and 'taki ni wataru'.

二次資料ではなく、一次出典を確認すべきだ。

You should check the primary source, not the secondary material.

Using 'beki da' for obligation.

出典の記載漏れがないか、再三チェックした。

I checked repeatedly to make sure no sources were omitted.

Using 're-re' (saisan) and 'kisai-more'.

この古語の出典は万葉集にさかのぼる。

The source of this archaic word goes back to the Man'yoshu.

Using 'ni sakanoboru' for historical origin.

出典を明らかにしないまま引用するのは盗作だ。

Quoting without making the source clear is plagiarism.

Using 'nai mama' for 'without doing'.

論文の信頼性は、出典の質に左右される。

The reliability of a paper depends on the quality of its sources.

Passive voice 'sayuu sareru'.

出典が多すぎて、脚注がページを埋めている。

There are so many sources that the footnotes fill the page.

Using 'sugite' for excess.

出典の正当性をめぐって、学者たちの間で論争が起きた。

A dispute arose among scholars regarding the authenticity of the source.

Using 'o megutte' for 'concerning'.

この記述は出典の文脈から切り離されている。

This description is detached from the context of the source.

Passive voice 'kirihanasarete iru'.

出典を精査した結果、誤報であることが判明した。

As a result of scrutinizing the source, it turned out to be a false report.

Using 'seisa shita kekka' and 'hanmei shita'.

彼は出典を恣意的に解釈し、自説を補強した。

He interpreted the source arbitrarily to bolster his own theory.

Using adverbs like 'shiiteki ni'.

出典を辿ることで、思想の変遷を明らかにできる。

By tracing the sources, one can clarify the transition of thought.

Using 'tadoru koto de' for means.

出典の秘匿は、ジャーナリズムの倫理に抵触する場合がある。

Concealing a source can sometimes conflict with journalistic ethics.

Using 'hitoku' and 'teishoku suru'.

この詩の出典は、散逸した古い歌集にあると言われている。

The source of this poem is said to be in an old song collection that has been lost.

Using 'san'itsu shita' and 'to iwarete iru'.

出典の記載方法は、各学会の規定に準拠しなければならない。

The method of citing sources must comply with the regulations of each academic society.

Using 'ni junkyo shinakereba naranai'.

出典の信憑性を担保するために、複数の資料を照合した。

In order to guarantee the credibility of the source, I cross-referenced multiple documents.

Using 'tanpo suru' and 'shougou suru'.

その言説の出典を博捜したが、結局見つからなかった。

I searched extensively for the source of that remark, but in the end, I couldn't find it.

Using the sophisticated verb 'bakusou suru'.

出典の曖昧さが、歴史解釈の多様性を生んでいる。

The ambiguity of the sources is giving rise to a diversity of historical interpretations.

Using 'aimaisa' and 'unde iru'.

出典を詳述することは、先人への敬意の表れでもある。

Describing sources in detail is also an expression of respect for those who came before.

Using 'shoujutsu suru' and 'araware'.

この学説は、ある偽書の出典に基づいていることが露見した。

It was revealed that this theory is based on a forged source.

Using 'gisho' and 'roken shita'.

出典の有無が、単なる噂と学術的知見を峻別する。

The presence or absence of a source strictly distinguishes mere rumors from academic knowledge.

Using 'shunbetsu suru'.

出典を遡及的に調査し、原典の意図を再構築する。

By retrospectively investigating the sources, I will reconstruct the intent of the original text.

Using 'sokyuuteki ni' and 'saikouchiku suru'.

出典の引用作法における微細な差異が、宗派の対立を象徴している。

Subtle differences in the manner of citing sources symbolize the conflicts between sects.

Using 'bisai na sa' and 'shouchou shite iru'.

المرادفات

ソース原典引用元情報源根拠

الأضداد

創作捏造

تلازمات شائعة

出典を明記する

出典を調べる

出典不明

出典を示す

出典をあたる

出典元

出典を偽る

出典を引用する

一次出典

出典：[Name]

العبارات الشائعة

出典は以下の通りです。

— The sources are as follows. Used when listing multiple sources in a presentation or document.

参考文献及び出典は以下の通りです。

出典を明らかにする

— To make the source clear. A slightly more formal version of 'meiki suru'.

情報の透明性を保つため、出典を明らかにする。

出典に記載がある

— It is recorded in the source. Used to confirm that a fact can be found in a specific text.

その事実は出典に記載があります。

出典を辿る

— To trace the source. Used when investigating the history or origin of a quote.

噂の出典を辿るのは難しい。

出典に基づき

— Based on the source. Used when explaining that your work is derived from specific data.

出典に基づき、グラフを作成しました。

出典が示されていない

— The source is not shown. A polite way to point out missing citations.

この主張には出典が示されていません。

出典を確認済み

— Source already verified. Used in professional contexts to show work has been checked.

全てのデータの出典を確認済みです。

出典の正当性

— The validity/authenticity of the source.

出典の正当性を疑う余地はない。

出典を引用元とする

— To treat a source as the place of quotation.

この本を出典を引用元として執筆した。

出典の範囲

— The scope of the source. Used to define which parts of a book are being used.

出典の範囲を明確に定義する。

يُخلط عادةً مع

出典 vs 出版 (Shuppan)

Shuppan means 'publishing' (the act of making a book), while shutten is the 'source' (the book itself from which info is taken).

出典 vs 出所 (De-dokoro)

De-dokoro is for the origin of rumors, money, or people. Shutten is specifically for texts and recorded info.

出典 vs 引用 (Inyou)

Inyou is the 'quote' (the words you take). Shutten is the 'source' (where you took the words from).

تعبيرات اصطلاحية

"出典を明記せず"

— Without specifying the source. Often used in warnings about plagiarism.

出典を明記せず引用してはいけない。

Formal

"出典に当たる"

— To go back to the original source text. Implies deep research.

翻訳の正確さを期すため、出典に当たる。

Academic

"出典を偽る"

— To falsify or lie about where information came from.

出典を偽ることは学術的な自殺行為だ。

Ethical

"出典を求める"

— To demand or ask for a source.

反対派は彼の主張に出典を求めた。

Formal

"出典が確かだ"

— The source is certain/reliable.

この情報は出典が確かだ。

Neutral

"出典を伏せる"

— To keep the source secret/hidden.

安全のため、出典を伏せて報道する。

Professional

"出典を洗う"

— To thoroughly investigate sources (like 'washing' through them).

記者は出典を徹底的に洗った。

Journalistic

"出典に依拠する"

— To rely heavily on a specific source.

この学説は唯一の出典に依拠している。

Academic

"出典を欠く"

— To lack a source.

出典を欠く記述は削除されるべきだ。

Formal

"出典を明示する"

— To clearly indicate the source.

図表の下に出典を明示する。

Formal

سهل الخلط

出典 vs 根拠 (Konkyo)

Both relate to the 'basis' of a statement.

Konkyo is the logical 'ground' or 'reason' for an argument. Shutten is the physical or digital document that provides the evidence. You use a shutten to support your konkyo.

彼の主張には根拠がないし、出典も示されていない。

出典 vs 原典 (Genten)

Both refer to an original work.

Genten specifically means the 'original text' (often in its original language or first edition). Shutten is the 'source' you are using, which could be a translation or a later edition.

翻訳だけでなく、原典（出典）も確認すべきだ。

出典 vs 文献 (Bunken)

Both refer to written materials.

Bunken is a general term for 'literature' or 'documents.' Shutten is the specific document used for a specific quote. A bibliography is a list of 'bunken.'

この分野の文献をすべて調べ、出典を特定した。

出典 vs 情報源 (Jouhou-gen)

Both mean 'source of information.'

Jouhou-gen is broad and includes people (informants). Shutten is narrow and usually refers to published/recorded works. You wouldn't call a spy a 'shutten.'

記者は情報源を守るが、論文は出典を明かす。

出典 vs 出所 (De-dokoro)

Both mean 'where it came from.'

De-dokoro is used for rumors, money, or suspects. Shutten is for academic or literary sources. You ask for the de-dokoro of a rumor, but the shutten of a quote.

噂の出所は不明だが、情報の出典は確かだ。

أنماط الجُمل

出典は [Noun] です。

出典は新聞です。

出典を明記してください。

レポートには出典を明記してください。

[Noun] の出典を調べる。

引用の出典を調べる。

出典不明な [Noun]。

出典不明な画像。

出典に当たって [Verb]。

出典に当たって事実を確認する。

出典の [Noun] を精査する。

出典の信憑性を精査する。

出典を [Adverb] 解釈する。

出典を恣意的に解釈する。

出典の有無が [Noun] を峻別する。

出典の有無が学説を峻別する。

عائلة الكلمة

الأسماء

出典 (Source)

原典 (Original text)

典拠 (Authority/Basis)

古典 (Classic literature)

字典 (Dictionary)

الأفعال

出典する (To cite - rare)

引用する (To quote)

参照する (To refer)

明記する (To state clearly)

الصفات

出典不明な (Source unknown)

典雅な (Elegant/Refined - related to 'ten')

典型的な (Typical)

مرتبط

参考文献 (References)

著作権 (Copyright)

引用句 (Quotation phrase)

脚注 (Footnote)

巻末 (End of volume)

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كيفية الاستخدام

frequency

High in academia, journalism, and business; Low in daily casual conversation.

أخطاء شائعة

Using '出典' for a person. → 情報源 (Jouhou-gen)
You cannot call a person a 'shutten.' 'Shutten' is only for written or recorded works. Use 'jouhou-gen' for people.
Saying 'shuten' instead of 'shutten'. → 出典 (しゅってん)
Missing the small 'tsu' pause changes the word. 'Shuten' can mean 'heavy drinker' or 'principal point.'
Confusing '出典' with '出版'. → 出典 (Source), 出版 (Publishing)
They sound similar, but 'shuppan' is the industry or act of publishing, while 'shutten' is the specific source.
Using '出典' for the source of a river. → 源流 (Genryuu) or 源 (Minamoto)
'Shutten' is only for information. Use 'genryuu' for the geographical source of water.
Using '出典' in a very casual joke conversation. → 元ネタ (Moto-neta)
'Shutten' is too formal for pop culture or jokes. Use 'moto-neta' when talking about anime or memes.

نصائح

Always cite your sources

In Japan, citing the '出典' is a critical part of social and academic etiquette. It shows you are not trying to take credit for someone else's work.

Look for the label

When reading Japanese textbooks, look for the '出典' label at the end of paragraphs or under images to find where the info came from.

Master the pause

The small 'tsu' in 'shutten' (しゅってん) is important. Make sure to pause briefly to sound like a native speaker.

Kanji stroke order

The kanji '典' can be tricky. Practice the 'eight' shape at the bottom (ハ) carefully to make it look balanced.

Primary vs Secondary

Try to find the '一次出典' (primary source) whenever possible. Citing a secondary source is less reliable in high-level academic work.

Wikipedia trick

Japanese Wikipedia uses '出典' as the standard header for the references section. It's a great place to see the word in action.

Business Etiquette

In business presentations, always include the '出典' for statistics. It prevents people from questioning your data's validity.

Classic roots

Remember that 'ten' (典) is the same 'ten' in 'koten' (classic). This helps you remember that 'shutten' refers to books/documents.

Copyright Law

Under Japanese copyright law, you are often legally required to state the '出典' when quoting a work.

Exit Book

Think: Information 'Exits' (出) the 'Classic Book' (典). That's your '出典'.

احفظها

وسيلة تذكّر

Think of a book (典) that information is jumping OUT (出) of. The 'shutten' is the 'Exit of the Book' where the info came from.

ربط بصري

Imagine a library where each book has a glowing exit sign. When you take a quote, you follow the light back to the 'shutten' (the exit/source).

Word Web

Book Origin Citation Library Academic Quote Evidence Reliability

تحدٍّ

Try to find the '出典' for a famous quote you like. Write down the title of the book and the author using the phrase '出典：[Author]『[Title]』'.

أصل الكلمة

The word '出典' comes from the combination of '出' (exit/out) and '典' (classic/standard book). It appeared in Chinese texts (where it is pronounced 'chūdiǎn') to refer to the literary origins of phrases and idioms. It was adopted into Japanese to describe the 'roots' of knowledge found in classic works like the Analects or Buddhist sutras.

المعنى الأصلي: The book or classic from which a phrase or idea emerges.

Sino-Japanese (Kango)

السياق الثقافي

Always ensure the 'shutten' is accurate. Misattributing a quote can be seen as offensive to the original author or the institution.

In English, we use 'Source' for everything from a river to a spy. In Japanese, 'Shutten' is much more specific to books and documents, showing the Japanese preference for precise categorization.

Japanese Wikipedia (出典 section) Academic Guidelines for the University of Tokyo The Japanese Copyright Act (著作権法)

تدرّب في الحياة الواقعية

سياقات واقعية

University Essay

出典を明記する
参考文献リスト
引用の出典
適切な出典

Professional Report

統計の出典
出典元を記載
出典を確認
一次出典

Newspaper/Media

出典：共同通信
映像の出典
出典不明の画像
出典を伏せる

Library Research

出典を調べる
出典をあたる
原典の確認
出典を探す

Internet Debate

出典は？
出典を出して
出典不明
ソース（出典）

بدايات محادثة

"この興味深い情報の出典を教えていただけますか？ (Could you tell me the source of this interesting information?)"

"レポートを書くとき、出典はどのように記載すればいいですか？ (When writing a report, how should I list the sources?)"

"この古い言葉の出典は何の物語ですか？ (What story is the source of this old saying?)"

"インターネットで出典不明な画像を見つけたことはありますか？ (Have you ever found an image with an unknown source on the internet?)"

"論文の信頼性を高めるために、どの出典を参考にしましたか？ (Which sources did you refer to in order to increase the reliability of your paper?)"

مواضيع للكتابة اليومية

今日学んだ新しい言葉や情報の出典をメモしてみましょう。 (Let's make a note of the sources of the new words or information we learned today.)

なぜ情報を発信する際に出典を明記することが重要だと思いますか？ (Why do you think it is important to clearly state the source when disseminating information?)

あなたが一番信頼している情報の出典（ニュースサイトや本）は何ですか？ (What is the information source—news site or book—that you trust the most?)

出典を調べるために図書館やインターネットで苦労した経験はありますか？ (Do you have any experience struggling in a library or on the internet to find a source?)

もし自分の作品の出典が明記されずに使われたら、どう感じますか？ (How would you feel if your work was used without the source being clearly stated?)

الأسئلة الشائعة

10 أسئلة

No, '出典' is only for books, websites, and other recorded materials. If you want to refer to a person as a source, use '情報源' (jouhou-gen) or '取材先' (shuzai-saki). For example, '私の情報源は彼です' (My source of information is him).

They are very similar, but '出典' is more formal and academic. '引用元' is often used on the internet or in casual blogs. In a university paper, you should always use '出典'.

The standard way is '出典：ウィキペディア'. You can also say 'ウィキペディアより引用' (Quoted from Wikipedia).

Not usually. In daily life, people use 'doko kara?' (From where?) or 'nani de mita no?' (What did you see it in?). '出典' is reserved for formal discussions, school, or work.

It means 'source unknown.' It is used for images or quotes where the original creator or book cannot be identified.

While '出典する' exists in some dictionaries, it is extremely rare. It is much more natural to use '出典を明記する' (state the source clearly) or '出典を示す' (show the source).

No. For a river, use '源流' (genryuu) or 'みなもと' (minamoto). '出典' is strictly for information.

'出典' refers to the specific source of a specific quote or image. '参考文献' (sankou bunken) refers to the entire list of books you read or referred to for your whole project.

The kanji '典' means 'standard,' 'classic,' or 'law.' It implies that the source is a recognized, recorded work of some authority.

In a casual setting, people use '元ネタ' (moto-neta). However, if you are writing a serious analysis or a Wikipedia article about an anime, you would use '出典'.

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