When you're speaking Korean, you'll often want to connect ideas or provide a little more context. That's where '~는데/~은데' comes in handy! Think of it like saying 'but,' 'and,' or 'however,' or even just setting the scene for what you're about to say.
For example, you can use it to give background information before making a request or an observation. It helps make your sentences flow more naturally, showing how one part of your sentence relates to another.
If the verb stem ends in a vowel, you generally attach '-는데.' If it ends in a consonant, you use '-은데.'
The Korean conjunction ~는데/~은데 is very versatile and frequently used. It helps connect sentences by providing background information, indicating a contrast, or showing a natural continuation of thought. Think of it as a subtle "but," "and," or setting the scene for what's to come.
You use ~는데 after action verbs and descriptive verbs ending in a vowel, or if the descriptive verb stem ends in 'ㄹ'. If the descriptive verb stem ends in a consonant (and is not 'ㄹ'), you use ~은데. For example, you might say "지금 바쁜데..." (I'm busy, but...) to soften a request or provide a reason.
When attaching -는데/-은데 to a verb or adjective, it helps set the stage for the following clause. Think of it as providing context or background information. For example, if you say "날씨가 좋은데," you're setting up the expectation that you're about to say something related to the good weather.
It can also be used to express a gentle contrast, similar to "but." So, "저는 학생인데, 동생은 선생님이에요" would mean "I am a student, but my younger sibling is a teacher." Additionally, it can smoothly connect two related ideas without a strong contrast, implying a continuation or natural flow.
The choice between -는데 and -은데 depends on the ending of the preceding word. If the stem ends in a vowel or 'ㄹ', you use -는데. If the stem ends in a consonant (and not 'ㄹ'), you use -은데. It's a versatile conjunction that makes your Korean sound more natural and connected.
The Korean conjunction ~는데/~은데 is incredibly versatile and foundational for fluent communication. It primarily serves to connect clauses by providing background information for the following clause, setting a scene, or introducing a reason or condition. For example, you might say, "지금 비가 오는데 (It's raining now, so...) 우리 뭐 할까요?" (what shall we do?).
Beyond setting the scene, it's also used to express a mild contrast, similar to 'but,' but often softer and more like 'and yet.' For instance, "나는 공부를 많이 했는데 (I studied a lot, but...) 시험을 잘 못 봤어요" (I didn't do well on the exam). The nuance here is crucial; it's not a strong 'however' but rather a subtle transition.
Furthermore, ~는데/~은데 can indicate a continuation of a thought or an expectation. If someone asks, "저 영화 어땠어요?" (How was that movie?), you could respond, "재미있었는데..." (It was interesting, and...). This implies there's more to say, perhaps a 'but' or a further explanation. It creates a sense of anticipation.
Understanding this conjunction deeply allows for more natural and nuanced Korean speech, moving beyond simple sentence structures to convey complex relationships between ideas. Mastering its various uses is key to achieving a higher level of fluency and comprehension in Korean.
The Korean conjunction ~는데/은데 serves multiple practical functions. Primarily, it sets the background or context for the following clause, often translating to 'and' or 'meanwhile.' For instance, '비가 오는데, 우산이 없어요' means 'It's raining, and I don't have an umbrella.' It also introduces a contrast, similar to 'but,' as in '이 옷은 예쁜데, 너무 비싸요' which means 'These clothes are pretty, but they are too expensive.' Finally, it can indicate a continuation of thought or a mild suggestion. Understanding its versatile usage is key to natural Korean communication.
~는데/~은데 في 30 ثانية
- Connects sentences like 'but', 'and', 'so'.
- Adds background info or contrast.
- Very common and versatile in Korean.
§ What does it mean and when do people use it?
The Korean conjunction ~는데/~은데 (pronounced as ‘neun-de/eun-de’) is super useful. It's often translated as 'but', 'and', or 'so', but it's more about setting the scene or linking ideas naturally. Think of it as providing context or a smooth transition between sentences. It's a key connector that Korean speakers use constantly, so getting a handle on it will really boost your fluency.
- Definition
- ~는데/~은데 is a versatile Korean conjunction used to provide background information, express a contrast, or continue a thought from the previous clause. It sets the stage for what comes next.
Let's break down its main uses:
§ 1. Providing Background Information / Setting the Scene
This is perhaps the most common use. You use ~는데/~은데 to give some context before making a statement, asking a question, or giving a command. It's like saying, "Here's the situation, and based on that..." or "This is happening, so..."
지금 비가 오는데 우산 있어요? (It's raining now, do you have an umbrella?)
Here, 'It's raining now' provides the background for the question 'do you have an umbrella?'
배가 고픈데 뭐 좀 먹을까요? (I'm hungry, shall we eat something?)
'I'm hungry' is the reason or background for suggesting to eat.
§ 2. Expressing Contrast or 'But'
Similar to 'but' or 'however' in English, ~는데/~은데 can introduce a contrasting idea or situation. It's often a softer contrast than just using '하지만' (hajiman).
저는 한국 사람인데 한국어를 잘 못해요. (I'm Korean, but I'm not good at Korean.)
Here, being Korean contrasts with not being good at the language.
이 옷은 예쁜데 너무 비싸요. (These clothes are pretty, but they're too expensive.)
The prettiness of the clothes is contrasted with their high price.
§ 3. Continuing a Thought / 'And' or 'So'
When the second clause naturally follows from the first, ~는데/~은데 can act like 'and' or 'so', linking two related ideas without a strong sense of contrast or background.
제가 지금 바쁜데 나중에 다시 연락 드릴게요. (I'm busy now, so I'll contact you again later.)
Being busy leads directly to the action of contacting later.
친구가 보고 싶은데 주말에 만날까요? (I miss my friend, shall we meet on the weekend?)
Missing the friend leads to the suggestion of meeting.
§ How to attach ~는데/~은데
The choice between ~는데 and ~은데 depends on the type of word and its ending:
- Verbs: Always use ~는데. For example, 하다 → 하는데, 먹다 → 먹는데.
- Adjectives:
- If the adjective stem ends in a vowel, use ~ㄴ데. For example, 예쁘다 → 예쁜데, 바쁘다 → 바쁜데.
- If the adjective stem ends in a consonant, use ~은데. For example, 좋다 → 좋은데, 작다 → 작은데.
- Nouns:
- If the noun ends in a vowel, use ~인데. For example, 의사 → 의사인데, 학교 → 학교인데.
- If the noun ends in a consonant, use ~인데. For example, 학생 → 학생인데, 선생님 → 선생님인데.
This conjunction is fundamental for making your Korean sound natural and for connecting ideas smoothly. Don't be afraid to use it often!
§ What ~는데/~은데 means
The Korean conjunction ~는데/~은데 (read as 'neun-de/eun-de') is very useful. It connects two clauses in a sentence. It can mean 'but', 'and', or simply provide background information for the following clause. Think of it as setting the scene or providing context.
- Korean Word
- ~는데/~은데 (conjunction)
- CEFR Level
- A2
- Definition
- But/and/background; provides background info, contrast, or continuation.
§ How to use it in a sentence
The choice between ~는데 and ~은데 depends on the preceding word:
- If the verb stem ends in a vowel, use ~는데. For example, 하다 (to do) becomes 하는데.
- If the verb stem ends in a consonant (batchim), use ~은데. For example, 먹다 (to eat) becomes 먹는데.
- If the adjective stem ends in a consonant and is descriptive, use ~은데. For example, 좋다 (to be good) becomes 좋은데.
- If the adjective stem ends in a vowel and is descriptive, use ~ㄴ데. For example, 예쁘다 (to be pretty) becomes 예쁜데.
- For past tense, use ~았/었는데 or ~었는데. For example, 봤는데 (I saw, but/and).
- For nouns, use ~인데 or ~인데 (to be). For example, 학생인데 (I am a student, but/and).
Here's how ~는데/~은데 works in different situations:
§ 1. Providing background or context
This is one of the most common uses. You give some information first, and then follow it up with a related statement or question.
비가 오는데 우산이 없어요. (It's raining, and I don't have an umbrella.)
저는 한국 사람인데 한국말을 잘 못해요. (I am Korean, but I can't speak Korean well.)
§ 2. Expressing contrast or 'but'
Similar to how 'but' works in English, it connects two opposing ideas.
이 옷은 예쁜데 너무 비싸요. (These clothes are pretty, but too expensive.)
저는 공부했는데 시험을 망쳤어요. (I studied, but I messed up the exam.)
§ 3. Indicating continuation or 'and'
It can also simply connect two related actions or states, much like 'and'.
밥을 먹는데 친구가 전화했어요. (I was eating, and my friend called.)
책을 읽는데 잠이 들었어요. (I was reading a book, and fell asleep.)
§ 4. Asking for a suggestion or opinion
When used at the end of a sentence, it can imply a question or a request for the listener's input, often with a rising intonation.
배가 고픈데 뭐 먹을까요? (I'm hungry, what should we eat?)
주말인데 뭐 할 거예요? (It's the weekend, what are you going to do?)
Understanding ~는데/~은데 is key to making your Korean sound more natural. It's a versatile conjunction that allows you to express complex ideas smoothly.
§ What is ~는데/~은데?
- Definition
- This conjunction is super versatile! It connects two clauses and can mean 'but,' 'and,' or simply provide background information before the main point. Think of it as setting the scene or providing context.
It's used with verbs, adjectives, and nouns. The form changes slightly depending on whether the preceding verb or adjective stem ends in a consonant or a vowel, or if it's a descriptive verb.
For action verbs and adjectives:
- If the stem ends in a vowel, use ~는데. (e.g., 가다 -> 가는데)
- If the stem ends in a consonant, use ~은데. (e.g., 먹다 -> 먹는데)
- If the stem ends in ㄹ, drop ㄹ and add ~는데. (e.g., 살다 -> 사는데)
For descriptive verbs (adjectives):
- If the stem ends in a vowel, use ~ㄴ데. (e.g., 예쁘다 -> 예쁜데)
- If the stem ends in a consonant, use ~은데. (e.g., 좋다 -> 좋은데)
For nouns, use ~인데. (e.g., 학생 -> 학생인데)
§ Giving Background Information
This is one of the most common uses. You use ~는데/~은데 to set the stage for what you're about to say, similar to saying 'so' or 'by the way' in English.
비가 오는데, 우산 있어요? (It's raining, do you have an umbrella?)
저는 학생인데, 이 책이 필요해요. (I'm a student, I need this book.)
§ Expressing Contrast ('But')
Just like 'but' in English, ~는데/~은데 can show a contrast between two ideas. It's often a softer contrast than using '하지만' (hajiman).
이 옷은 예쁘는데, 너무 비싸요. (These clothes are pretty, but they are too expensive.)
저는 한국어를 공부했는데, 아직 어려워요. (I studied Korean, but it's still difficult.)
§ Continuing a Thought ('And')
Sometimes, it simply connects two related ideas or actions, where the second naturally follows from the first, or acts as a continuation.
친구를 만나는데, 같이 밥을 먹었어요. (I met a friend, and we ate together.)
영화가 재미있는데, 또 볼래요. (The movie is fun, and I want to watch it again.)
§ Similar Words: ~지만 vs ~는데/~은데
You might have learned ~지만 (jiman) to mean 'but.' While both express contrast, there's a subtle difference in nuance and usage.
- ~지만
- This is a stronger 'but.' It directly opposes two ideas, often with a clear contradiction or opposition.
이 옷은 예쁘지만 너무 비싸요. (These clothes are pretty, BUT they are too expensive.)
- ~는데/~은데
- When used for contrast, it often presents a milder opposition or a situation where the second clause is an unexpected outcome given the first. It can also imply 'although' or 'despite.'
이 옷은 예쁘는데 너무 비싸요. (These clothes are pretty, but [it turns out] they are too expensive.)
§ Similar Words: ~고 (and) vs ~는데/~은데
Both ~고 and ~는데/~은데 can connect sentences. The key difference lies in the relationship between the clauses.
- ~고
- Simply lists actions or states in a chronological or sequential order. There's no implied relationship beyond 'and then' or 'and also.'
밥을 먹고 커피를 마셨어요. (I ate, and then I drank coffee.)
- ~는데/~은데
- Connects ideas where the first clause provides context, background, or a mild contrast to the second. It implies a stronger logical connection than a simple 'and.'
밥을 먹는데, 친구가 왔어요. (I was eating, and a friend came. [Eating provides context for the friend's arrival.])
§ When to Choose ~는데/~은데
Mastering ~는데/~은데 will make your Korean sound much more natural and fluent. Here's a quick summary of when to reach for it:
- When you want to provide context or background before making a request, suggestion, or observation.
- When you want to express a mild contrast or an unexpected outcome.
- When you want to continue a thought where the first part naturally leads to the second.
- When you want to show that something is happening simultaneously or sets the scene for something else.
Practice using it in different contexts, and you'll soon get a feel for its versatility. Don't be afraid to experiment!
How Formal Is It?
"이론적으로는 가능합니다. 그러나 현실적인 적용은 어려움이 있습니다."
"오늘은 날씨가 좋네요. 그런데 내일은 비가 온다고 해요."
"배고픈데 뭐 먹을까?"
"사탕 먹고 싶지만, 너무 많이 먹으면 배 아파."
"헐, 대박인데 돈이 없네."
حقيقة ممتعة
This ending is incredibly versatile and is one of the most frequently used connective endings in spoken Korean. It's often used to soften statements or introduce a topic.
دليل النطق
- shortening the vowel sounds too much
- not clearly distinguishing between the 'n' and 'd' sounds
قواعد يجب معرفتها
Use ~는데 with action verbs (동사) and descriptive verbs (형용사) ending in a vowel or 'ㄹ'.
저는 밥을 먹는데, 친구는 빵을 먹어요. (I'm eating rice, but my friend is eating bread.)
Use ~은데 with descriptive verbs (형용사) ending in a consonant (except 'ㄹ').
날씨가 좋은데, 집에 있어요. (The weather is good, but I'm at home.)
Use ~인데 with nouns (명사).
이것은 제 가방인데, 저것은 친구 가방이에요. (This is my bag, and that is my friend's bag.)
~는데/~은데 can indicate a reason or background for the following statement.
배고픈데, 뭐 먹을까요? (I'm hungry, what should we eat?)
~는데/~은데 can express a contrast or a gentle suggestion.
비싼데, 예뻐요. (It's expensive, but it's pretty.)
أمثلة حسب المستوى
이것은 작은데 아주 좋아요.
This is small, but it's very good.
저는 학생인데, 제 친구는 선생님이에요.
I am a student, and my friend is a teacher.
지금 비가 오는데, 우산이 없어요.
It's raining now, but I don't have an umbrella.
배가 고픈데, 뭐 먹을까요?
I'm hungry, so what should we eat?
한국어는 재미있는데, 조금 어려워요.
Korean is interesting, but it's a little difficult.
오늘 날씨가 좋은데, 공원에 갈까요?
The weather is good today, so shall we go to the park?
저는 영화를 좋아하는데, 이 영화는 별로예요.
I like movies, but this movie isn't very good.
어제는 바빴는데, 오늘은 괜찮아요.
Yesterday I was busy, but today I'm okay.
이것은 비싼데, 아주 좋아요.
This is expensive, but it's very good.
저는 학생인데, 매일 공부해요.
I am a student, and I study every day.
날씨가 좋은데, 산책할까요?
The weather is good, shall we take a walk?
커피를 마시는데, 잠이 와요.
I'm drinking coffee, but I'm sleepy.
한국에 사는데, 한국어를 못 해요.
I live in Korea, but I can't speak Korean.
음식이 맛있는데, 너무 매워요.
The food is delicious, but it's too spicy.
친구가 오는데, 같이 저녁 먹을까요?
My friend is coming, shall we eat dinner together?
영화를 보는데, 재미있었어요.
I watched a movie, and it was interesting.
이것은 작은 식당인데, 음식이 정말 맛있어요.
This is a small restaurant, but the food is really delicious.
~은데 after adjective/있다/없다 ending in consonant
저는 학생인데, 아르바이트를 하고 있어요.
I am a student, and I'm doing a part-time job.
~인데 after noun ending in consonant
날씨가 좋은데, 우리 밖에 나갈까요?
The weather is nice, so shall we go outside?
~은데 after adjective/있다/없다 ending in consonant
배가 고픈데, 뭐 좀 먹을까요?
I'm hungry, shall we eat something?
~은데 after adjective/있다/없다 ending in consonant
피곤한데, 좀 쉬고 싶어요.
I'm tired, but I want to rest a bit.
~은데 after adjective/있다/없다 ending in consonant
어제 영화를 봤는데, 정말 재미있었어요.
I watched a movie yesterday, and it was really fun.
~는데 after verb
저는 한국에 사는데, 아직 한국말을 잘 못 해요.
I live in Korea, but I still can't speak Korean well.
~는데 after verb
이 책은 비싼데, 내용이 좋아요.
This book is expensive, but the content is good.
~은데 after adjective/있다/없다 ending in consonant
이것은 어렵지만 재미있는데, 같이 해볼까요?
This is difficult but fun, shall we try it together?
Used for contrast: 'difficult but fun'.
비가 오는데 우산이 없어요.
It's raining, and I don't have an umbrella.
Provides background: 'it's raining'.
저는 학생인데, 이 도서관은 처음이에요.
I'm a student, and this is my first time at this library.
Provides background: 'I'm a student'.
커피를 마시는데 졸려요.
I'm drinking coffee, but I'm sleepy.
Used for contrast: 'drinking coffee but sleepy'.
내일 시험인데, 아직 공부를 안 했어요.
Tomorrow is the exam, but I haven't studied yet.
Provides background and contrast: 'exam tomorrow but haven't studied'.
날씨가 좋은데 밖에 나가서 산책할까요?
The weather is good, so shall we go out for a walk?
Provides background for a suggestion: 'weather is good'.
이 식당은 음식이 맛있는데, 좀 비싸요.
This restaurant's food is delicious, but it's a bit expensive.
Used for contrast: 'delicious but expensive'.
저는 한국에 가봤는데, 정말 좋았어요.
I've been to Korea, and it was really good.
Provides background for a continuation: 'been to Korea and it was good'.
이 식당은 분위기는 좋은데, 음식이 좀 비싸요.
This restaurant's atmosphere is nice, but the food is a bit expensive.
Used to express contrast, similar to 'but'.
저는 한국어를 배우고 있는데, 아직 어렵습니다.
I am learning Korean, and it's still difficult.
Used to provide background information or a continuing action.
친구가 집에 있는데, 같이 저녁 먹을까요?
My friend is at home, shall we eat dinner together?
Used to provide background for a suggestion or question.
날씨가 좋은데, 산책하러 나갈까요?
The weather is nice, shall we go out for a walk?
Used to provide background for a suggestion or proposal.
어제는 숙제가 너무 많았는데, 오늘은 좀 여유가 있어요.
Yesterday I had too much homework, but today I have some free time.
Used to express contrast between two situations.
이 옷은 디자인은 예쁜데, 재질이 좀 안 좋아요.
This clothing's design is pretty, but the material isn't very good.
Used to express contrast, similar to 'but'.
도서관에 가는 길인데, 혹시 뭐 필요한 거 있으세요?
I'm on my way to the library, do you need anything by any chance?
Used to provide background for asking a question or offering help.
그 영화는 내용도 좋고 배우들 연기도 훌륭한데, 결말이 좀 아쉬웠어요.
That movie had a good story and the actors' performances were excellent, but the ending was a bit disappointing.
Used to connect two clauses, often with a slight contrast or an unexpected outcome in the second clause.
오늘은 비가 오는데, 우산 가져가세요.
It's raining today, so take an umbrella.
Provides background information for a suggestion.
이 식당은 분위기는 좋은데, 음식이 좀 비싸요.
This restaurant has a nice atmosphere, but the food is a bit expensive.
Expresses a contrast.
저는 학생인데, 주말에는 아르바이트를 해요.
I am a student, and I work part-time on weekends.
Connects two related ideas, providing additional information.
밖에 추운데, 따뜻하게 입고 나가세요.
It's cold outside, so dress warmly before you go out.
Provides background information for an instruction.
그분은 한국 사람인데, 영어를 아주 잘해요.
That person is Korean, and they speak English very well.
Connects two facts about a person, with a slight implied contrast.
지금 시간이 없는데, 나중에 다시 이야기할까요?
I don't have time right now, shall we talk again later?
Provides background information leading to a suggestion.
이 옷은 예쁜데, 저한테는 좀 작아요.
These clothes are pretty, but they're a bit small for me.
Expresses a contrast.
저는 매운 음식을 좋아하는데, 친구는 못 먹어요.
I like spicy food, but my friend can't eat it.
Shows a contrast between two subjects' preferences.
تلازمات شائعة
العبارات الشائعة
이거 좋은데, 저것도 좋아요.
This is good, but that is also good.
저는 학생인데, 동생은 선생님이에요.
I am a student, but my younger sibling is a teacher.
비가 오는데, 우산이 없어요.
It's raining, but I don't have an umbrella.
배고픈데, 뭐 먹을까요?
I'm hungry, so what should we eat?
한국 음식은 매운데, 맛있어요.
Korean food is spicy, but it's delicious.
지금 바쁜데, 나중에 전화해도 될까요?
I'm busy now, but can I call you later?
어제 영화를 봤는데, 정말 재미있었어요.
I watched a movie yesterday, and it was really fun.
날씨가 추운데, 옷 따뜻하게 입으세요.
The weather is cold, so wear warm clothes.
제가 한국 사람인데, 영어를 가르칠 수 있어요.
I am Korean, so I can teach English.
커피 마시는데, 잠이 안 와요.
I drank coffee, but I can't sleep.
يُخلط عادةً مع
Many Korean conjunctions express 'but' or 'although'. ~는데 is one of the milder and more versatile ones, often used to soften a contrast or provide context.
~는데 is frequently used to set the scene or provide context before making a main statement or asking a question.
While ~는데 can show continuation, it often implies a slight shift or additional information rather than a simple sequence like ~고.
أنماط نحوية
تعبيرات اصطلاحية
"눈 깜짝할 사이"
In the blink of an eye
너무 재미있어서 눈 깜짝할 사이에 시간이 다 갔어요. (It was so fun that time flew by in the blink of an eye.)
neutral"입이 짧다"
Picky eater (literally: short mouth)
우리 아이는 입이 짧아서 먹는 게 항상 고민이에요. (My child is a picky eater, so what they eat is always a concern.)
neutral"발이 넓다"
Well-connected (literally: wide feet)
그 사람은 발이 넓어서 모르는 사람이 없어요. (That person is well-connected, so there's no one they don't know.)
neutral"귀가 얇다"
Easily swayed/gullible (literally: thin ears)
내 친구는 귀가 얇아서 남의 말을 잘 믿어요. (My friend is easily swayed, so they readily believe what others say.)
neutral"손이 크다"
Generous (especially with food/spending) (literally: big hands)
우리 엄마는 손이 커서 음식을 항상 많이 하세요. (My mom is generous, so she always makes a lot of food.)
neutral"바람을 쐬다"
To get some fresh air
머리 아플 때는 나가서 바람을 쐬는 게 좋아요. (When your head hurts, it's good to go out and get some fresh air.)
neutral"눈이 높다"
High standards (literally: high eyes)
그는 눈이 높아서 여자친구가 없어요. (He has high standards, so he doesn't have a girlfriend.)
neutral"배가 아프다"
To be jealous (literally: stomach hurts)
친구가 승진해서 배가 아파요. (My friend got promoted, so I'm jealous.)
neutral"식은 죽 먹기"
A piece of cake/very easy (literally: eating cold porridge)
이 시험은 식은 죽 먹기였어요. (This exam was a piece of cake.)
neutral"엎질러진 물"
Spilled milk (something that cannot be undone)
이미 엎질러진 물이니 후회해도 소용없어요. (It's already spilled milk, so regretting it is useless.)
neutralسهل الخلط
Sounds similar to ~는데 and can also mean 'but'.
근데 is a standalone conjunction, while ~는데 attaches to a verb or adjective stem. 근데 introduces a new, often contrasting, sentence. ~는데 connects clauses within a sentence.
날씨가 좋은데, 집에 있을 거예요? (The weather is nice, but are you going to stay home?)
Also means 'but'.
하지만 is a stronger 'but' and often introduces a more significant contrast or a change of topic than ~는데. It's usually placed at the beginning of a new sentence.
피곤하지만, 숙제를 해야 해요. (I'm tired, but I have to do homework.)
Can connect sentences like ~는데, especially for continuation.
~고 primarily indicates a sequence of events or simply lists things without a strong 'but' or 'background' nuance. ~는데 often implies a mild contrast or sets the scene.
밥을 먹고, 영화를 볼 거예요. (I'll eat and then watch a movie.)
Can indicate a reason or background, similar to ~는데's background function.
~어서/아서 strictly means 'because' or 'so' and implies a direct cause and effect. ~는데 can provide background without necessarily implying a direct cause.
배고파서 밥을 먹었어요. (I was hungry, so I ate.)
Means 'but' or 'although'.
~지만 is similar to 하지만 in expressing contrast, but it attaches to a verb or adjective stem like ~는데. However, ~지만 often presents a more direct or explicit contrast than ~는데, which can be milder or simply provide context.
이 영화는 재미있지만, 좀 길어요. (This movie is interesting, but it's a bit long.)
أنماط الجُمل
V-는데...
지금 비가 오는데, 우리 영화 볼까요? (It's raining now, so shall we watch a movie?)
Adj-은데...
이 옷이 예쁜데, 너무 비싸요. (These clothes are pretty, but they're too expensive.)
N-인데...
저는 학생인데, 아르바이트를 해요. (I'm a student, and I work part-time.)
V-았/었는데...
어제 잠을 많이 잤는데, 아직 졸려요. (I slept a lot yesterday, but I'm still sleepy.)
Adj-았/었는데...
그 식당 음식이 맛있었는데, 지금은 문을 닫았어요. (That restaurant's food was delicious, but it's closed now.)
N-이었/었는데...
옛날에는 의사였는데, 지금은 선생님이에요. (He used to be a doctor, but now he's a teacher.)
V-는데 (with future/imperative)
내일 시험인데, 같이 공부할까요? (It's a test tomorrow, shall we study together?)
Adj-은데 (with future/imperative)
날씨가 좋은데, 산책하러 갈까요? (The weather is nice, shall we go for a walk?)
كيفية الاستخدام
How to Use ~는데/~은데
This versatile conjunction connects clauses, providing context or showing contrast. The form depends on the preceding verb or adjective:
- ~는데 (neun-de):
- Verbs: Attach directly to the stem. (e.g., 먹다 → 먹는데, 가다 → 가는데)
- Adjectives ending in a vowel: Attach directly to the stem. (e.g., 예쁘다 → 예쁜데, 크다 → 큰데)
- Adjectives ending in 'ㄹ': Remove 'ㄹ' and add ~는데. (e.g., 길다 → 기는데)
- Past tense: Add ~았/었는데. (e.g., 먹었다 → 먹었는데, 예뻤다 → 예뻤는데)
- Future tense: Add ~을 건데. (e.g., 먹을 거다 → 먹을 건데)
- ~은데 (eun-de):
- Adjectives ending in a consonant: Attach directly to the stem. (e.g., 좋다 → 좋은데, 작다 → 작은데)
- ~인데 (in-de):
- Nouns: Add ~인데. (e.g., 학생 → 학생인데, 의사 → 의사인데)
Main Functions:
- Background Information: Sets the scene for the following clause. The second clause often provides a request, suggestion, or question related to the first.
- 지금 바쁜데, 나중에 이야기할까요? (I'm busy now, shall we talk later?)
- 비가 오는데, 우산 가져가세요. (It's raining, take an umbrella.)
- Contrast/But: Similar to "but" or "however."
- 이 식당은 비싼데, 맛은 있어요. (This restaurant is expensive, but the taste is good.)
- 저는 한국 사람인데, 한국어를 잘 못해요. (I'm Korean, but I can't speak Korean well.)
- Continuation/And: Connects two related ideas, often with a slight implication of surprise or a lead-in to another thought.
- 이 노래 좋은데, 같이 들을래요? (This song is good, want to listen together?)
- 어제 영화를 봤는데, 정말 재미있었어요. (I watched a movie yesterday, and it was really fun.)
Common Mistakes with ~는데/~은데
- Confusing with ~지만: While both can mean 'but', ~지만 provides a stronger, more direct contrast. ~는데/~은데 often implies a softer contrast or provides context before the contrast. If the two clauses are simply opposing facts, ~지만 is often more appropriate.
- Incorrect attachment to adjectives: Remember the vowel/consonant rule for adjectives: ~은데 for consonant-ending stems (좋다 → 좋은데), and ~는데 for vowel-ending stems (예쁘다 → 예쁜데).
- Overusing it as a direct translation of 'and': While it can connect ideas, it's not a general-purpose 'and' like 그리고. Use it when there's an implicit relationship of background, contrast, or continuation.
- Not using ~인데 for nouns: Always use ~인데 when connecting a noun to the following clause (학생인데, 의사인데).
نصائح
Basic use of ~는데/~은데
This conjunction means 'but,' 'and,' or sets the background for the next clause. It's very versatile.
Choosing between ~는데 and ~은데
Use ~는데 after verb stems and adjective stems ending in a vowel. Use ~은데 after adjective stems ending in a consonant.
Using with '이다' (to be)
For '이다,' use ~인데 after a noun. For example, '학생인데' (I am a student, but/and...).
Expressing contrast (but)
It often functions like 'but.' For example, '비가 오는데, 나갈 거예요.' (It's raining, but I will go out.)
Providing background information (and)
It sets the scene. '제가 지금 바쁜데, 나중에 전화해도 될까요?' (I'm busy now, can I call you later?)
Suggesting a continuation
Sometimes it implies 'so' or 'and then.' '배고픈데, 뭐 먹을까요?' (I'm hungry, what should we eat?)
Asking for information politely
You can use it to preface a question. '이거 얼만데, 좀 알려주세요?' (This is how much, could you tell me?)
Past tense with ~았/었는데
You can attach it to the past tense marker: ~았/었는데. '어제 영화를 봤는데, 정말 좋았어요.' (I watched a movie yesterday, and it was really good.)
Don't confuse with ~지만
~는데/~은데 often has a softer contrast than ~지만. ~지만 is a more direct 'but' or 'however.'
Listen for natural flow
Pay attention to how native speakers use it. It creates a natural flow in conversation and often implies a slight pause or expectation for a response.
احفظها
وسيلة تذكّر
Think of '~는데/~은데' as 'N.D.' (New Detail). You're adding a new detail, which could be a contrast, a continuation, or just setting the scene.
ربط بصري
Imagine a bridge connecting two ideas. Sometimes the bridge shows a detour (contrast), sometimes it just smoothly continues the road (continuation/background).
Word Web
تحدٍّ
Try to describe your daily routine using '~는데/~은데'. For example, '저는 아침을 먹는데, 커피도 마셔요.' (I eat breakfast, and I also drink coffee.) Or, '오늘은 날씨가 좋은데, 저는 집에 있을 거예요.' (Today the weather is good, but I will stay home.)
أصل الكلمة
Native Korean
المعنى الأصلي: connective ending
Koreanicالسياق الثقافي
When speaking Korean, politeness and indirectness are often valued. The ~는데/~은데 ending is a great way to introduce information or a request subtly, making the conversation flow more smoothly without sounding too abrupt. It's a key element in natural-sounding Korean conversation.
تدرّب في الحياة الواقعية
سياقات واقعية
Describing a situation then an outcome/reaction
- 비가 오는데 우산이 없어요. (It's raining, but I don't have an umbrella.)
- 배고픈데 뭐 좀 먹을까요? (I'm hungry, so shall we eat something?)
- 피곤한데 좀 쉴게요. (I'm tired, so I'll rest a bit.)
Introducing a contrast or unexpected result
- 이 옷은 예쁜데 너무 비싸요. (These clothes are pretty, but too expensive.)
- 공부했는데 시험을 잘 못 봤어요. (I studied, but I didn't do well on the test.)
- 날씨가 좋은데 집에 있어요. (The weather is nice, but I'm at home.)
Setting the scene or providing background information for a question/request
- 제가 좀 바쁜데 도와주실 수 있어요? (I'm a bit busy, could you help me?)
- 지금 점심시간인데 같이 드실래요? (It's lunchtime now, would you like to eat together?)
- 내일이 제 생일인데 파티에 올래요? (Tomorrow is my birthday, would you like to come to the party?)
Expressing mild surprise or a comment on a situation
- 여기가 정말 조용한데. (It's really quiet here.)
- 음식이 맛있는데! (The food is delicious!)
- 벌써 5시인데 퇴근 안 해요? (It's already 5 o'clock, aren't you leaving work?)
Connecting two related clauses naturally (like 'and' or 'so')
- 커피 마시는데 친구가 왔어요. (I was drinking coffee, and my friend came.)
- 책을 읽는데 재미있어요. (I'm reading a book, and it's interesting.)
- 한국에 가는데 비행기 표가 비싸요. (I'm going to Korea, and the plane ticket is expensive.)
بدايات محادثة
"오늘 날씨가 좋은데 뭐 할 거예요?"
"제가 지금 배고픈데, 뭐 먹을까요?"
"이번 주말에 시간이 되는데, 같이 영화 볼까요?"
"이 식당 음식이 맛있는데, 다른 것도 먹어볼래요?"
"저는 한국 드라마를 좋아하는데, 추천해 줄 수 있어요?"
مواضيع للكتابة اليومية
오늘 있었던 일 중에 가장 기억에 남는 일이 있는데, 왜 기억에 남는지 써보세요.
만약 당신이 슈퍼히어로인데, 어떤 능력을 가지고 싶은지, 그 능력으로 무엇을 하고 싶은지 써보세요.
가장 좋아하는 계절은 언제인데, 그 계절에 무엇을 하는 것을 좋아하는지 써보세요.
지금 배우고 싶은 것이 있는데, 무엇인지, 왜 배우고 싶은지 써보세요.
친구가 고민이 있는데, 어떻게 위로하고 조언해 줄 것인지 써보세요.
الأسئلة الشائعة
10 أسئلةYou use ~는데 after verbs and adjectives ending in a vowel. You use ~은데 after adjectives ending in a consonant. For nouns, you use ~인데.
The main purpose is to provide background information for what comes next, or to show a contrast between two clauses. It can also just connect two related sentences.
Yes, absolutely! It's a common way to express 'but' or 'however' in Korean, especially when the contrast isn't super strong. For a stronger 'but,' you might use ~지만.
Not really. The core meaning of providing background, contrast, or continuation stays the same whether you attach it to a verb or an adjective. The only difference is the particle itself (~는데 for verbs, ~은데 for adjectives ending in a consonant, ~는데 for adjectives ending in a vowel).
No, it's a conjunction, so it connects two clauses within a single sentence. It's usually in the middle, setting up the second part of the sentence.
You attach it to the past tense stem of the verb or adjective. For example, 갔는데 (went, but/and...), 먹었는데 (ate, but/and...).
Yes! When used with a question or a suggestion in the second clause, ~는데/~은데 can imply a polite suggestion or an invitation. For example, 비 오는데, 영화 볼까요? (It's raining, [so] shall we watch a movie?)
It's generally neutral in formality and can be used in both formal and informal situations. Its politeness often depends on the ending of the second clause.
~고 simply connects two actions or states in a sequence or lists them. ~는데/~은데 provides more nuance – background, contrast, or continuation with a specific relationship between the clauses.
Yes, it's very common! By setting up the background with ~는데/~은데, you can subtly introduce a complaint or an issue. For example, 음식이 맛있는데, 좀 짜요. (The food is delicious, but it's a bit salty.)
اختبر نفسك 150 أسئلة
저는 학생이__ 선생님은 아닙니다. (I am a student, but I am not a teacher.)
Use -ㄴ데 after a noun ending in a consonant.
저는 한국어를 배우___ 재미있어요. (I am learning Korean, and it's fun.)
Use -는데 after a verb stem.
이 책은 재미있___ 비싸요. (This book is interesting, but it's expensive.)
Use -는데 after an adjective stem.
이 사람은 학생이__ 그 사람은 선생님입니다. (This person is a student, and that person is a teacher.)
Use -ㄴ데 after a noun ending in a consonant.
저는 밥을 먹___ 친구는 기다려요. (I am eating, and my friend is waiting.)
Use -는데 after a verb stem.
날씨가 좋___ 우리는 산책했어요. (The weather was good, so we went for a walk.)
Use -은데 after an adjective stem ending in a consonant.
Choose the correct ending: 비가 오다 ____, 저는 집에 있어요. (It's raining, I'm at home.)
Use -는데 after a verb stem ending in a vowel or 'ㄹ', or after a descriptive verb (adjective) stem ending in a vowel.
Which one is correct? 이 가게는 작다 ____, 물건이 많아요. (This store is small, but there are many things.)
Use -은데 after a descriptive verb (adjective) stem ending in a consonant.
Select the correct particle: 저는 학생이다 ____, 책이 없어요. (I am a student, but I don't have books.)
Use -인데 after a noun.
You can use '-는데' with a verb to describe a background situation before a main action.
Yes, for example, '밥을 먹는데, 친구가 왔어요.' (While eating, my friend came.)
'-은데' is used when the preceding clause is an adjective ending in a vowel.
No, '-은데' is used when the adjective stem ends in a consonant. If it ends in a vowel, you use '-ㄴ데'.
The conjunction '~는데/~은데' can only be used to express contrast.
It can also provide background information or connect sentences naturally, not just express contrast.
It's raining now, do you have an umbrella?
This movie is interesting, shall we watch it together?
I am a student, and I study every day.
Read this aloud:
날씨가 좋은데 산책할까요?
Focus: 좋은데 (joh-eun-de)
قلت:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
저는 키가 작은데 동생은 커요.
Focus: 작은데 (jak-eun-de), 커요 (keo-yo)
قلت:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
이것은 제 가방인데 안에 책이 있어요.
Focus: 가방인데 (ga-bang-in-de)
قلت:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
You want to say, "It's raining, so I'm staying home." How would you connect these two ideas in Korean using '~는데'?
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
비가 오는데 집에 있어요.
You want to say, "The weather is good, but I'm tired." Connect these two phrases using '~은데' or '~는데'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
날씨가 좋은데 피곤해요.
You are describing your friend: "My friend is tall, and she is a student." Use '~은데' or '~는데' to connect the descriptions.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
제 친구는 키가 큰데 학생이에요.
What is Minjun's nationality?
Read this passage:
저는 한국 사람인데, 영어를 공부해요. 제 이름은 민준이에요.
What is Minjun's nationality?
The passage says '저는 한국 사람인데' which means 'I am Korean, but...'
The passage says '저는 한국 사람인데' which means 'I am Korean, but...'
What is true about the coffee?
Read this passage:
이 커피는 비싼데 맛있어요. 저는 매일 마셔요.
What is true about the coffee?
'비싼데 맛있어요' means 'It's expensive but tasty.'
'비싼데 맛있어요' means 'It's expensive but tasty.'
What is the speaker going to do tomorrow?
Read this passage:
내일 시험이 있는데, 저는 아직 공부 안 했어요.
What is the speaker going to do tomorrow?
'내일 시험이 있는데' means 'There is a test tomorrow, but...'
'내일 시험이 있는데' means 'There is a test tomorrow, but...'
This sentence uses '~는데' to show a contrast between two facts: 'I am a student' and 'my younger sibling is a teacher'.
Here, '~는데' connects two facts about the food: it's spicy and it's delicious. It implies a 'but' or a gentle contrast.
This uses '~는데' to give background information ('I'm busy now') before making a suggestion ('Let's talk later').
저는 학생이__ 선생님은 가르쳐요. (I am a student, but the teacher teaches.)
Here, '~인데' is used to show a contrast between being a student and the teacher teaching. It sets up a 'but' relationship.
날씨가 좋은__, 우리 공원에 갈까요? (The weather is nice, so shall we go to the park?)
'~는데' is used here to provide background information (the good weather) before suggesting an action.
이 영화는 재미있___, 같이 볼래요? (This movie is interesting, want to watch it together?)
For descriptive verbs (adjectives) ending in a vowel, '~는데' is used. Here, '재미있다' (to be interesting) is such a case.
저는 밥을 먹___, 친구는 운동해요. (I eat rice, and my friend exercises.)
'~는데' can be used to connect two simultaneous or contrasting actions, acting like 'and' or 'while'.
지금 바쁘___, 나중에 이야기해요. (I'm busy now, so let's talk later.)
When the preceding verb stem ends in 'ㅂ' (like '바쁘다'), '~는데' is used. It sets the background for the suggestion.
저는 한국 사람__, 영어를 잘 못해요. (I am Korean, but I can't speak English well.)
'~인데' is used after nouns (like '사람') to provide background or contrast. Here, it contrasts being Korean with not speaking English well.
Choose the best conjunction for: 날씨가 좋___, 공원에 갈까요? (The weather is nice, shall we go to the park?)
Use -는데 after action verbs and descriptive verbs ending in a vowel. '좋다' ends in a vowel.
Which sentence correctly uses ~는데/~은데? (It's difficult, but fun.)
After descriptive verbs ending in a consonant, use -은데. '어렵다' ends in a consonant.
Complete the sentence: 저는 학생___, 제 친구는 선생님이에요. (I am a student, but my friend is a teacher.)
When using with nouns, '이다' (to be) combines with -은데 to become -인데.
You can use ~는데 to introduce background information, like '지금 비가 오는데, 우산 있어요?' (It's raining now, do you have an umbrella?)
~는데 is often used to provide context or background for the following statement or question.
The conjunction ~는데/~은데 can only be used to express contrast, not continuation.
It can express contrast, background information, or continuation of an idea.
When a descriptive verb stem ends with 'ㄹ', like '길다' (long), you attach '은데' directly.
When a descriptive verb stem ends with 'ㄹ', the 'ㄹ' is dropped and 'ㄴ데' is attached (e.g., 길다 + 는데 = 긴데).
You want to say that the weather is good, but you're tired. Complete the sentence: '날씨가 좋은데...'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
날씨가 좋은데 피곤해요. (The weather is good, but I'm tired.)
You are explaining that you studied Korean yesterday, and today you are going to meet a friend. Use '~는데' to connect these ideas: '어제 한국어를 공부했어요. 오늘 친구를 만날 거예요.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
어제 한국어를 공부했는데 오늘 친구를 만날 거예요. (I studied Korean yesterday, and today I'm going to meet a friend.)
Describe a situation where a store is open, but you don't have money. Start with '가게가 열었는데...' (The store is open, but...)
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
가게가 열었는데 돈이 없어요. (The store is open, but I don't have money.)
What is the speaker doing?
Read this passage:
저는 한국어를 배우고 있는데, 아직 어려워요. 그렇지만 매일 연습하고 있어요.
What is the speaker doing?
The sentence '저는 한국어를 배우고 있는데, 아직 어려워요' means 'I am learning Korean, but it is still difficult.'
The sentence '저는 한국어를 배우고 있는데, 아직 어려워요' means 'I am learning Korean, but it is still difficult.'
What did the friend do?
Read this passage:
친구가 선물을 줬는데, 정말 예뻐요. 저는 친구에게 고맙다고 말했어요.
What did the friend do?
The sentence '친구가 선물을 줬는데, 정말 예뻐요' means 'My friend gave me a gift, and it's really pretty.'
The sentence '친구가 선물을 줬는데, 정말 예뻐요' means 'My friend gave me a gift, and it's really pretty.'
What does the speaker do on weekends?
Read this passage:
저는 학생인데, 주말에는 아르바이트를 해요.
What does the speaker do on weekends?
The sentence '주말에는 아르바이트를 해요' means 'On weekends, I do a part-time job.' The '~인데' here provides background information about being a student.
The sentence '주말에는 아르바이트를 해요' means 'On weekends, I do a part-time job.' The '~인데' here provides background information about being a student.
This sentence uses '~는데' to show a contrast between the deliciousness of bibimbap and its spiciness. The correct order places the subject, then the first descriptive clause, then the contrasting element.
This sentence uses '~인데' to introduce background information about the speaker (being a student) before introducing a contrasting fact about their friend (being an office worker). The correct order follows this logical flow.
Here, '~운데' is used to provide background information about the outside weather being cold, leading to the contrasting information that the house is warm. The sentence order places the current situation first.
저는 한국어를 공부하___, 아직 어려워요.
Here, '는데' is used to provide a contrast: 'I am studying Korean, but it's still difficult.'
날씨가 좋___, 공원에 갈까요?
'은데' is used for descriptive adjectives when providing background information: 'The weather is good, shall we go to the park?'
저는 학생이___, 주말에는 아르바이트를 해요.
'인데' is used with nouns when providing background information or continuation: 'I am a student, and I work part-time on weekends.'
이 영화는 재미있___, 사람들이 많이 안 봐요.
Here, '는데' indicates a contrast: 'This movie is interesting, but not many people watch it.'
친구가 선물을 줬___, 정말 고마웠어요.
In this context, '는데' provides background information for the following statement: 'My friend gave me a gift, and I was really grateful.'
제가 좋아하는 가수는 키가 크고 잘생겼___, 노래도 잘해요.
'는데' connects two descriptive clauses that provide additional information: 'My favorite singer is tall and handsome, and sings well too.'
저는 피자를 좋아해요. 하지만 친구는 _______.
'-는데' is used to show contrast or provide background information before a new statement. In this case, it introduces a contrasting preference. The other options don't fit grammatically or naturally to express this contrast in a flow.
내일 시험이 _______, 오늘 밤새서 공부해야 해요.
'-는데' can be used to set the background for the following statement. Here, '내일 시험이 있는데' explains *why* '오늘 밤새서 공부해야 해요'. '있지만' implies contrast, '있어서' implies a direct cause, and '있거나' implies 'or'.
저는 한국어를 배우고 _______, 한국 드라마를 자주 봐요.
'-는데' connects two related actions or situations, where the first provides context or a reason for the second. Learning Korean is the background for watching K-dramas often.
'비가 오는데 우산이 없어요.'는 '비가 오지만 우산이 없어요.'와 같은 의미입니다.
Both sentences express a contrast: it's raining, but I don't have an umbrella. While '-지만' is a stronger 'but', '-는데' can also convey contrast in this context.
'친구가 한국 사람인데 한국어를 못해요.'는 어색한 문장입니다.
This is a perfectly natural and grammatically correct sentence. It uses '-인데' to present a surprising or contrasting fact: a friend is Korean, but cannot speak Korean.
'밥을 먹었는데 배고파요.'에서 '-는데'는 시간 순서를 나타냅니다.
In this sentence, '-는데' is used to express a surprising contrast or continuation. It's not primarily indicating a sequential order of events, but rather the unexpected outcome (still hungry after eating).
The speaker is on their way and almost there.
The book is interesting, but also a bit difficult.
The speaker is a student and works part-time on weekends.
Read this aloud:
오늘 날씨가 좋은데, 같이 산책 갈까요?
Focus: 좋은데
قلت:
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Read this aloud:
배가 고픈데, 뭐 좀 먹을까요?
Focus: 고픈데
قلت:
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Read this aloud:
저는 한국 사람인데, 아직 한국어가 어려워요.
Focus: 한국 사람인데
قلت:
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You are meeting a friend. Describe the weather and what you plan to do, using ~는데/~은데.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
오늘 날씨가 정말 좋은데, 우리 공원에서 산책할까요? 아니면 비가 오는데, 카페에서 얘기하는 건 어때요?
You want to explain why you like a certain food. Use ~는데/~은데 to describe its taste and your feeling about it.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
저는 김치를 정말 좋아하는데, 좀 매운데도 계속 먹게 돼요. 건강에도 좋아서 자주 먹어요.
Describe a situation where you had a plan, but something unexpected happened. Use ~는데/~은데.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
주말에 영화를 보러 가려고 했는데, 갑자기 친구가 아픈데서 병원에 갔어요. 그래서 영화는 못 봤어요.
화자는 어제 숙제를 다 했는데 왜 시간이 남았나요?
Read this passage:
저는 어제 숙제를 다 했는데, 오늘 선생님이 숙제를 안 내줬어요. 그래서 시간이 남는데, 뭘 할지 모르겠어요. 친구한테 전화해 볼까요?
화자는 어제 숙제를 다 했는데 왜 시간이 남았나요?
지문에서 '오늘 선생님이 숙제를 안 내줬어요. 그래서 시간이 남는데' 라고 언급되어 있습니다.
지문에서 '오늘 선생님이 숙제를 안 내줬어요. 그래서 시간이 남는데' 라고 언급되어 있습니다.
이 식당의 장점과 단점은 무엇인가요?
Read this passage:
이 식당은 음식이 맛있는데, 가격이 좀 비싸요. 그래서 특별한 날에만 가는 편이에요. 그래도 분위기가 좋아서 자주 가게 돼요.
이 식당의 장점과 단점은 무엇인가요?
지문에서 '음식이 맛있는데, 가격이 좀 비싸요' 라고 언급되어 있습니다.
지문에서 '음식이 맛있는데, 가격이 좀 비싸요' 라고 언급되어 있습니다.
화자는 친구가 한국 드라마를 보는 것에 대해 어떻게 생각하나요?
Read this passage:
제 친구는 한국 드라마를 정말 좋아하는데, 요즘 새로운 드라마를 시작했어요. 매일 밤 늦게까지 보는데, 피곤할까봐 걱정돼요. 그래도 너무 재미있다고 하네요.
화자는 친구가 한국 드라마를 보는 것에 대해 어떻게 생각하나요?
지문에서 '매일 밤 늦게까지 보는데, 피곤할까봐 걱정돼요' 라고 언급되어 있습니다.
지문에서 '매일 밤 늦게까지 보는데, 피곤할까봐 걱정돼요' 라고 언급되어 있습니다.
The conjunction '-은데' connects '저는 학생' (I am a student) with '졸업하고 싶어요' (I want to graduate), setting up the background.
'-는데' connects '비가 와요' (it's raining) with '우산이 없어요' (I don't have an umbrella), showing a contrast or problem.
'-는데' connects '숙제가 많아요' (there is a lot of homework) with '같이 할까요?' (shall we do it together?), setting the context for a suggestion.
저는 지금 한국에 사___, 아직 한국어가 유창하지 않습니다.
The verb '살다' (to live) in the present tense uses '는데' to provide background information or a contrast. '살았는데' would be past tense, and '살지만' uses a different conjunction.
그 식당은 분위기가 좋___, 음식이 정말 맛있어요.
When the adjective stem ends in a consonant (like '좋다'), '은데' is used. It connects two positive statements, adding more information.
어제 날씨가 춥___, 많은 사람들이 밖에서 축제를 즐겼어요.
Since '춥다' is a descriptive verb and the event happened yesterday (past tense), '았는데' is the correct form to show a contrasting situation.
저는 커피를 좋아하___, 저의 친구는 차를 더 좋아해요.
The verb '좋아하다' (to like) takes '는데' to show a contrast between two preferences.
이 노트북은 비싸___, 성능이 정말 좋아요.
When the adjective '비싸다' (expensive) is used, and the stem ends in a vowel, it takes 'ㄴ데' (or '은데' after a consonant), but '비싸다' is an adjective, so it's '비싼데'. However, in this context, '은데' is the closest and most appropriate option offered to express 'expensive but good performance'.
지금 제가 바쁘___, 나중에 다시 전화해도 될까요?
The adjective '바쁘다' (to be busy) ends in a vowel, so it takes 'ㄴ데' when forming the connective. Among the options, '은데' is the most suitable for providing background for a request.
다음 중 '~는데'의 사용이 가장 자연스러운 문장은 무엇입니까?
The conjunction '~는데' here shows a slight contrast or unexpected situation. The weather is good, but the person is staying home, which creates a natural flow.
빈칸에 들어갈 가장 알맞은 표현은 무엇입니까? '저는 의사___ 지금은 쉬는 중이에요.'
The final syllable of '의사' (uisa) is a vowel, so '~인데' is the correct form to connect it to the next clause. It provides background information about the speaker's profession.
다음 문장 중 '배경 정보'를 제공하는 '~는데'의 용법으로 적절하지 않은 것은 무엇입니까?
This sentence primarily shows a contrast between the price and the design, rather than simply providing background information for the following clause.
동사 '먹다' 뒤에는 항상 '~는데'가 붙습니다.
For action verbs, if the stem ends in a vowel or 'ㄹ' (like '가다' -> 가는데, '팔다' -> 파는데), you use '~는데'. If it ends in a consonant (like '먹다' -> 먹는데, '읽다' -> 읽는데), you also use '~는데'. So, '먹다' always takes '~는데'.
형용사 '예쁘다' 뒤에 '~는데'를 붙이면 '예쁜데'가 됩니다.
For descriptive verbs (adjectives) and '있다/없다', if the stem ends in a vowel, you use '~ㄴ데' (e.g., '예쁘다' -> 예쁜데, '크다' -> 큰데). If it ends in a consonant, you use '~은데' (e.g., '작다' -> 작은데, '좋다' -> 좋은데). So, '예쁘다' becomes '예쁜데'. The statement is true, as '예쁜데' is the correct form, but the question implies '예쁘다 + 는데 = 예쁜데', which is correct for adjectives.
'~는데'는 주로 문장의 끝에 와서 다음 문장과의 연결을 나타냅니다.
'~는데' is a conjunctive ending, meaning it connects two clauses within a single sentence. It does not typically come at the very end of a sentence to connect to a new, separate sentence.
The speaker is suggesting going to the park because the weather is good today.
The speaker is describing a movie as interesting but long.
The speaker is stating they are a student and study Korean daily.
Read this aloud:
저는 피곤한데 저녁을 먹고 싶어요.
Focus: 피곤한데
قلت:
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Read this aloud:
이 음식은 매운데 맛있어요.
Focus: 매운데
قلت:
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Read this aloud:
제가 어제 백화점에 갔는데 예쁜 옷이 많았어요.
Focus: 갔는데
قلت:
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This sentence uses '~는데' to provide background information (it rained) leading to the consequence (got all wet because I didn't have an umbrella).
Here, '~는데' shows a contrast: the food is delicious, but the price is a bit high.
This sentence uses '~는데' to provide background information about the speaker's status (a student) and then adds a continuing action (works at a cafe on weekends).
그는 똑똑하___ 경험이 부족해서 실수를 자주 합니다.
The speaker is smart, but lacks experience, thus makes mistakes frequently. '은데' for adjectives ending in a consonant.
날씨가 춥___ 옷을 따뜻하게 입고 나가는 게 좋겠어요.
The weather is cold, so it's better to wear warm clothes. '은데' for adjectives ending in a consonant.
이번 프로젝트는 중요___ 기한이 짧아서 걱정입니다.
This project is important, but the deadline is short, which is a concern. '한데' for adjectives ending in a consonant.
저는 지금 바쁘___ 이따가 전화해도 될까요?
I'm busy now, but can I call later? '은데' for adjectives ending in a consonant.
이 식당 음식은 맛있___ 가격이 너무 비싸요.
The food at this restaurant is delicious, but the price is too high. '는데' for verbs and adjectives ending in a vowel.
그는 열심히 공부하___ 시험에 떨어졌어요.
He studied hard, but failed the exam. '는데' for verbs.
Choose the most natural sentence:
'-는데' is often used to connect two clauses where the second clause provides a contrast or unexpected outcome to the first. While '지만' also expresses contrast, '-는데' can also imply a milder opposition or simply provide background for the following statement. Here, it smoothly transitions from 'delicious' to 'too spicy' as a slight drawback.
Which sentence uses '~는데' correctly to set the background for an upcoming action?
In this context, '-는데' introduces the background situation ('it's raining now') which explains the subsequent problem ('I don't have an umbrella'). It sets the scene for the following statement or action.
Select the sentence that uses '~은데' to describe a current state or fact as a premise for the next clause.
When the preceding clause ends with an adjective (like '재미있다'), '-은데' (for adjectives ending in a consonant) or '-는데' (for adjectives ending in a vowel) is used. It sets up the first clause as a premise for the question or statement that follows. Here, 'This movie is really interesting' serves as a background for 'Have you seen it?'.
The sentence '저는 학생인데, 이 책은 너무 어려워요.' correctly uses '-는데' to express a contrast between being a student and finding a book difficult.
When used with a noun, '-인데' connects the noun clause (저는 학생이다) with a contrasting or related statement. Here, it implies that even though the speaker is a student, the book is still too difficult, showing a contrast.
'~는데' can always be replaced with '~지만' to express contrast without changing the nuance.
While both can express contrast, '-는데' often implies a milder contrast or simply provides background information without as strong an oppositional feeling as '지만'. Sometimes, '-는데' functions more like 'and' or 'meanwhile' setting context, which '지만' does not.
When the first clause is a statement of fact or observation that sets the stage for the second clause, '~는데/~은데' is an appropriate conjunction to use.
This is one of the primary functions of '-는데/~은데': to establish background information or a setting for the subsequent statement, question, or action. For example, '날씨가 좋은데, 산책 갈까요?' (The weather is nice, so shall we go for a walk?).
You are organizing a community event but face unexpected challenges. Write a short paragraph (3-4 sentences) describing these challenges and how you plan to overcome them, using '~는데/~은데' at least once to connect your ideas. Focus on practical solutions.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
이번 행사를 준비하고 있는데, 예기치 않게 장소 섭외에 어려움이 많습니다. 원래 예약했던 곳이 갑자기 취소되었는데, 다행히 다른 대안을 찾고 있습니다. 자원봉사자 모집도 쉽지 않은데, 온라인 홍보를 강화해서 더 많은 참여를 유도할 계획입니다. 모든 문제가 잘 해결되어서 성공적인 행사가 되기를 바랍니다.
Imagine you are giving advice to a friend who is starting a new business. Write a short email (3-4 sentences) advising them on potential difficulties they might encounter and how to prepare for them, using '~는데/~은데' at least once.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
새로운 사업을 시작한다고 들었는데, 정말 대단하다! 처음에는 예상치 못한 문제들이 많이 생길 텐데, 너무 당황하지 말고 침착하게 대응하는 것이 중요해. 특히 자금 관리가 어려울 수 있는데, 항상 여유 자금을 확보해두는 게 좋을 거야. 분명히 잘 해낼 수 있을 거야. 응원할게!
You are writing a review for a new café you visited. Describe your overall impression, mentioning both positive aspects and any minor drawbacks. Use '~는데/~은데' at least once to link your observations.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
이 카페는 분위기가 정말 좋아서 자주 오고 싶은데, 커피 맛도 훌륭합니다. 특히 디저트가 맛있는데, 종류가 좀 더 다양했으면 좋겠습니다. 좌석 간 간격이 좁아서 조금 불편한 점도 있었는데, 전체적으로 만족스러운 경험이었습니다. 다음에는 친구들과 함께 방문할 예정입니다.
젊은 세대가 높은 취업난을 겪는 주요 원인으로 언급되지 않은 것은 무엇입니까?
Read this passage:
최근 한 연구에 따르면, 젊은 세대들은 과거 세대들보다 직업 선택의 폭이 넓어졌는데도 불구하고, 여전히 높은 취업난을 겪고 있다고 한다. 이는 단순히 일자리가 부족해서라기보다는, 원하는 직업에 대한 기대치가 높아진 데다, 기업들이 요구하는 역량 또한 변화했기 때문으로 분석된다. 특히, 4차 산업혁명 시대가 도래하면서 새로운 기술을 습득하는 것이 중요해졌는데, 교육 시스템이 이러한 변화를 따라가지 못하는 것이 문제점으로 지적되고 있다.
젊은 세대가 높은 취업난을 겪는 주요 원인으로 언급되지 않은 것은 무엇입니까?
지문에서 '직업 선택의 폭이 넓어졌는데도 불구하고'라고 언급되었으므로, 직업 선택의 폭이 좁아진 것은 원인이 아닙니다.
지문에서 '직업 선택의 폭이 넓어졌는데도 불구하고'라고 언급되었으므로, 직업 선택의 폭이 좁아진 것은 원인이 아닙니다.
친환경 제품 대중화의 걸림돌이 되는 주요 요인은 무엇입니까?
Read this passage:
환경 보호에 대한 사회적 인식이 높아지면서 많은 기업들이 친환경 제품 개발에 투자하고 있다. 하지만 이러한 노력에도 불구하고, 소비자들은 여전히 가격 경쟁력이나 편리성을 우선시하는 경향이 있는데, 이것이 친환경 제품의 대중화에 걸림돌이 되고 있다. 친환경 제품이 비싸거나 사용하기 불편하다는 인식을 바꾸지 못한다면, 환경 보호는 구호에 그칠 수밖에 없을 것이다. 정부와 기업은 물론, 소비자들의 적극적인 참여가 필요한 시점이다.
친환경 제품 대중화의 걸림돌이 되는 주요 요인은 무엇입니까?
지문에서 '소비자들은 여전히 가격 경쟁력이나 편리성을 우선시하는 경향이 있는데, 이것이 친환경 제품의 대중화에 걸림돌이 되고 있다.'고 명시되어 있습니다.
지문에서 '소비자들은 여전히 가격 경쟁력이나 편리성을 우선시하는 경향이 있는데, 이것이 친환경 제품의 대중화에 걸림돌이 되고 있다.'고 명시되어 있습니다.
인공지능 기술 발전이 가져오는 긍정적인 변화로 언급된 것은 무엇입니까?
Read this passage:
인공지능 기술의 발전은 우리의 삶에 많은 변화를 가져오고 있다. 의료 분야에서는 질병 진단 정확도를 높이고 있는데, 이는 환자들에게 더 나은 치료 기회를 제공할 수 있다. 하지만 동시에 일자리 감소에 대한 우려도 커지고 있는데, 특히 단순 반복 업무는 인공지능으로 대체될 가능성이 높다. 따라서 미래 사회를 대비하기 위해서는 새로운 기술을 배우고 적응하는 노력이 필요하며, 정부는 이에 대한 지원 정책을 마련해야 할 것이다.
인공지능 기술 발전이 가져오는 긍정적인 변화로 언급된 것은 무엇입니까?
지문에서 '의료 분야에서는 질병 진단 정확도를 높이고 있는데, 이는 환자들에게 더 나은 치료 기회를 제공할 수 있다.'고 언급되었습니다.
지문에서 '의료 분야에서는 질병 진단 정확도를 높이고 있는데, 이는 환자들에게 더 나은 치료 기회를 제공할 수 있다.'고 언급되었습니다.
This sentence uses '~는데' to show a contrast: the meeting was long, but they haven't reached a conclusion.
This sentence uses '~은데' to provide background information (he usually doesn't talk much) and then shows a contrast with today's behavior.
This sentence uses '~은데' to provide background information (the weather is nice) and then suggests an action.
그는 똑똑하___ 경험이 부족해요. (He is smart, but lacks experience.)
Use '~은데' after an adjective ending in a consonant.
날씨가 좋___ 우리 공원에 갈까요? (The weather is nice, so shall we go to the park?)
Use '~은데' after an adjective ending in a consonant. In this context, it provides background for a suggestion.
제가 한국 사람이___ 한자를 잘 몰라요. (I am Korean, but I don't know Chinese characters well.)
Use '~인데' after a noun. Here, it sets up a contrast.
지금 밥을 먹___ 갑자기 손님이 왔어요. (I was eating dinner, and suddenly a guest came.)
Use '~는데' after a verb when describing an ongoing action or situation as background.
책이 재미있___ 읽기 시작하면 멈출 수가 없어요. (The book is interesting, so once I start reading, I can't stop.)
Use '~는데' after an adjective ending in a vowel. Here, it provides background for the consequence.
그는 부자이___ 전혀 과시하지 않아요. (He is rich, but he doesn't show off at all.)
Use '~인데' after a noun. This sentence uses it for contrast.
다음 중 '~는데/~은데'의 사용이 가장 적절한 문장은?
'~는데/~은데'는 연결어미로, 두 절을 자연스럽게 연결하는 역할을 합니다. 다른 선택지들은 문법적으로 부자연스럽거나 중복된 표현입니다.
비가 오는데도 불구하고 그는 밖에 나갔다. 이 문장에서 '~는데도 불구하고'와 가장 유사한 의미를 가지는 표현은?
'~는데도 불구하고'는 앞 절의 내용에도 불구하고 뒤 절의 내용이 일어남을 나타내는 역접의 의미를 가집니다. '비가 오지만'도 동일한 역접의 의미를 전달합니다.
친구가 늦게 오는데, 저녁 식사는 어떻게 할까요? 이 문장에서 '~는데'가 나타내는 의미는?
이 문장에서 '~는데'는 친구가 늦게 온다는 상황을 제시하며, 이에 대한 질문인 '저녁 식사는 어떻게 할까요?'의 배경 정보를 제공합니다.
'날씨가 더운데, 에어컨을 켜도 될까요?'에서 '~는데'는 뒤 절에 대한 이유를 나타낸다.
이 문장에서 '~는데'는 날씨가 더운 것이 에어컨을 켜도 되는지에 대한 이유, 즉 배경 상황을 제시하고 있습니다.
'그는 부자인데도 인색하다.'는 '~는데도 불구하고'를 사용하여 '그는 부자인데도 불구하고 인색하다.'로 바꿔 쓸 수 있다.
둘 다 앞 절의 내용에도 불구하고 뒤 절의 내용이 일어나는 역접의 의미를 강조합니다.
'시간이 없는데 빨리 가자.'에서 '~는데'는 단순한 시간의 흐름을 나타낸다.
이 문장에서 '~는데'는 시간이 없다는 배경 상황을 제시하며, 그로 인해 '빨리 가자'는 행동을 촉구하는 이유를 나타냅니다.
'너무 졸린데' sets the background ('I'm so sleepy'), and '커피 한잔 마실까요?' is the suggestion that follows.
'비가 오는데' provides the background condition ('It's raining'), and '우산 가지고 가세요' is the advice given.
'한국어는 어려운데' presents one aspect ('Korean is difficult'), and '재미있어요' offers a contrasting or additional perspective ('but it's interesting').
/ 150 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
Use ~는데/~은데 to smoothly connect ideas, providing context, contrast, or continuation in your Korean sentences.
- Connects sentences like 'but', 'and', 'so'.
- Adds background info or contrast.
- Very common and versatile in Korean.
Basic use of ~는데/~은데
This conjunction means 'but,' 'and,' or sets the background for the next clause. It's very versatile.
Choosing between ~는데 and ~은데
Use ~는데 after verb stems and adjective stems ending in a vowel. Use ~은데 after adjective stems ending in a consonant.
Using with '이다' (to be)
For '이다,' use ~인데 after a noun. For example, '학생인데' (I am a student, but/and...).
Expressing contrast (but)
It often functions like 'but.' For example, '비가 오는데, 나갈 거예요.' (It's raining, but I will go out.)
مثال
날씨가 좋은데 우리 산책 갈까요?
محتوى ذو صلة
مزيد من كلمات food
몇 개
A2How many items?
~정도
A1Suffix meaning "about" or "approximately."
추가
A2Addition, extra (e.g., extra order).
~은/는 후에
A2After ~ing; indicates an action that occurs subsequent to another.
중에서
A2Among, out of (selection).
식욕
A2Appetite.
에피타이저
A2An appetizer.
전채
A2Appetizer.
먹음직스럽다
B2To look appetizing, delicious.
사과
A1apple
