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B1 adjective محايد 2 دقيقة للقراءة

crónico

ˈkɾɔ.ni.ku
تدرّب عليها ملاحظات ونصائح

Overview

The Portuguese word 'crónico' (feminine 'crónica') directly translates to 'chronic' in English. It is primarily used to describe a disease or condition that is persistent, long-lasting, or constantly recurring, mirroring the English definition perfectly. This adjective is crucial in medical contexts to differentiate conditions that are acute (short-term and severe) from those that have a prolonged duration.

In medicine, a 'doença crónica' (chronic disease) refers to a health problem that requires ongoing management over years or decades. Examples include diabetes ('diabetes crónico'), hypertension ('hipertensão crónica'), asthma ('asma crónica'), and arthritis ('artrite crónica'). These conditions often do not have an immediate cure but can be managed to improve the patient's quality of life.

Beyond the strictly medical sense, 'crónico' can also be applied in more figurative or general contexts to describe situations or problems that are persistent or habitual. For instance, 'um problema crónico' refers to a recurring or long-standing problem in society, an organization, or even a personal habit. You might hear of 'desemprego crónico' (chronic unemployment) or 'falta crónica de recursos' (chronic lack of resources), indicating a persistent state of affairs.

It's important to note the nuance in such non-medical uses. While 'crónico' still implies persistence, the severity or impact might differ from a medical context. A 'mentiroso crónico' (chronic liar) describes someone who habitually lies, implying a deeply ingrained pattern of behavior rather than a health condition.

Grammatically, 'crónico' is an adjective and must agree in gender and number with the noun it modifies. So, 'doença crónica' (feminine singular) but 'problemas crónicos' (masculine plural). Its etymology traces back to the Greek 'chronos,' meaning time, which perfectly encapsulates the concept of duration inherent in the word.

أمثلة

1

Ele sofre de uma doença crónica.

health

He suffers from a chronic illness.

2

O problema crónico da falta de água afeta a região.

environmental

The chronic problem of water scarcity affects the region.

3

A sua dor de cabeça é crónica.

health

Her headache is chronic.

4

É um fumador crónico.

habit

He is a chronic smoker.

5

A situação de pobreza crónica exige soluções urgentes.

social

The situation of chronic poverty demands urgent solutions.

تلازمات شائعة

doença crónica
dor crónica
fadiga crónica
bronquite crónica

يُخلط عادةً مع

crónico مقابل w
80+ WORDS

أنماط نحوية

p1 p2 p3

كيفية الاستخدام

ملاحظات الاستخدام

When using 'crónico' in Portuguese, it's essential to consider the context to ensure the correct nuance. In a medical context, it directly translates to 'chronic' and refers to conditions of long duration. For example, 'Ele sofre de asma crónica' (He suffers from chronic asthma). When applied to non-medical situations, it implies persistence or habitual recurrence, often with a negative connotation, indicating a problem that doesn't go away easily. For instance, 'A empresa tem um problema crónico de produtividade' (The company has a chronic productivity problem). The word typically precedes the noun it modifies, as in 'um problema crónico'. It can also be used as a noun, particularly in 'a crónica', referring to a column or regular feature in a newspaper or magazine, though this is a distinct usage and less directly related to the 'persisting' meaning. The pronunciation is /kɾɔ.ni.ku/ in European Portuguese and /kɾɔ.ni.kʊ/ in Brazilian Portuguese.

أخطاء شائعة

A common mistake is confusing 'crónico' with 'agudo' (acute). 'Crónico' refers to something long-lasting or recurring, while 'agudo' refers to something sudden, severe, and short-lived. For example, a 'dor crónica' is a chronic pain that lasts a long time, whereas a 'dor aguda' is a sharp, sudden pain.

نصائح

💡

Etimologia e Uso

A palavra 'crónico' deriva do grego 'khronikos', que significa 'relativo ao tempo'. É comumente usada para descrever doenças que têm longa duração ou que se repetem com frequência. Por exemplo, 'dor crónica', 'doença crónica'.
💡

Erro Comum

Não confunda 'crónico' com 'agudo'. Enquanto 'crónico' se refere a algo de longa duração, 'agudo' descreve algo de início súbito e curta duração. Uma doença pode ter fases agudas e crónicas, mas os termos não são intercambiáveis.
💡

Contextos Adicionais

Além da medicina, 'crónico' pode ser usado em outros contextos para descrever situações que persistem por um longo tempo, como 'problema crónico' (um problema que persiste) ou 'falta crónica de tempo' (falta de tempo que é constante).

أصل الكلمة

From Latin chronicus, from Ancient Greek χρονικός (khronikós, “of time”), from χρόνος (khrónos, “time”).

السياق الثقافي

The Portuguese word 'crónico' (feminine 'crónica') shares its etymological roots and primary medical meaning with the English 'chronic'. It is widely understood in the context of health to describe conditions that are long-lasting or recurring, such as 'dor crónica' (chronic pain) or 'doença crónica' (chronic illness). Beyond medicine, 'crónico' can also be used in a more figurative sense, similar to English, to describe persistent or habitual issues. For instance, one might speak of a 'problema crónico de trânsito' (chronic traffic problem) in a city, or a 'falta crónica de tempo' (chronic lack of time). This broader application highlights its integration into everyday Portuguese discourse, extending its use beyond purely medical or scientific contexts. It is a common term used across different social strata, understood by most speakers of Portuguese.

نصيحة للحفظ

Visualize a 'chronometer' (a device for measuring time) to remember 'crónico' relates to something persisting over a long 'time.'

الأسئلة الشائعة

4 أسئلة
'Crónico' in Portuguese refers to something that is chronic, meaning it persists for a long time or constantly recurs. It is often used in a medical context to describe diseases or conditions that are long-lasting, such as chronic pain, chronic illness, or chronic fatigue. Beyond health, it can also describe habits, problems, or situations that are persistent and difficult to change, like chronic unemployment or a chronic shortage of resources.
In a sentence, 'crónico' typically acts as an adjective. For example, you might hear 'Ele sofre de uma dor crônica nas costas,' which translates to 'He suffers from chronic back pain.' Another example could be 'A falta de água é um problema crónico nesta região,' meaning 'The lack of water is a chronic problem in this region.' It emphasizes the prolonged and recurring nature of whatever it describes.
Yes, there are several related terms and synonyms for 'crónico' depending on the context. In a medical sense, 'persistente' (persistent) or 'prolongado' (prolonged) can sometimes be used. For more general recurring issues, terms like 'contínuo' (continuous) or 'duradouro' (long-lasting) might apply. However, 'crónico' often carries a specific connotation of a difficult or unresolvable long-term situation.
The word 'crónico' in Portuguese, like its English counterpart 'chronic,' originates from the Greek word 'chronos,' meaning 'time.' This etymology clearly reflects its core meaning of something related to time, specifically its extended duration. The suffix '-ico' is a common adjectival ending in Portuguese, further solidifying its role in describing characteristics related to time or duration.

اختبر نفسك

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A dor de cabeça ____ impede-o de trabalhar.

صحيح! ليس تمامًا. الإجابة الصحيحة:
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Ele sofre de uma tosse ____ que não passa.

صحيح! ليس تمامًا. الإجابة الصحيحة:
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A falta de sono pode levar à fadiga ____.

صحيح! ليس تمامًا. الإجابة الصحيحة:

النتيجة: /3

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