pôr a mesa
pôr a mesa في 30 ثانية
- Setting the table for a meal.
- Uses the irregular verb 'pôr'.
- Fundamental daily household chore.
- Requires the definite article 'a'.
The Portuguese expression pôr a mesa is a fundamental daily phrase that translates literally to 'to put the table,' but idiomatically means 'to set the table.' It encompasses the entire process of preparing a dining surface for a meal, including the placement of tablecloths, plates, cutlery (talheres), glasses (copos), and napkins (guardanapos). While the verb colocar can also mean 'to put,' pôr is the traditional and most common choice in this specific collocation across all Lusophone countries, from Portugal to Brazil.
- Daily Routine
- In a domestic setting, this is often a shared chore. Parents frequently ask children to pôr a mesa as a way to involve them in household responsibilities. It marks the transition from food preparation to the communal act of eating.
Antes do jantar, os filhos ajudam a pôr a mesa com cuidado.
- Social Etiquette
- When hosting a formal dinner, pôr a mesa takes on a more sophisticated meaning, involving specific rules for where the wine glasses go or how the dessert spoon should be oriented. It reflects the host's attention to detail and hospitality.
The phrase is also used in professional contexts. In a restaurant, a waiter (empregado de mesa) must pôr a mesa according to the establishment's standards before service begins. It is not just about utility; it is about creating an inviting atmosphere. The act of setting the table signals that a meal is imminent and that guests are welcome. In many Lusophone cultures, the dining table is the heart of the home, making this action symbolically significant for family unity.
O empregado de mesa está a pôr a mesa para o banquete de casamento.
- Grammar Note
- The verb pôr is highly irregular. Its stem changes significantly in the present tense (eu ponho) and the past tense (eu pus). Learners must practice these forms to use the phrase naturally in conversation.
Já pus a mesa, podem vir comer!
Quem vai pôr a mesa hoje?
Finally, the phrase can be used metaphorically in some contexts to suggest preparing the conditions for something to happen, though its literal meaning remains the primary usage. Understanding how to use pôr a mesa is essential for anyone living in a Portuguese-speaking environment, as it occurs at least once or twice every single day.
Using pôr a mesa correctly requires a solid grasp of the irregular verb pôr. Because the action is often a command, a request, or a statement of completed work, you will see it frequently in the imperative, present, and perfect past tenses. In this section, we will explore how to integrate this phrase into various grammatical structures to sound like a native speaker.
- The Imperative Mood
- When asking someone to set the table, use the imperative. For an informal 'you' (tu), say 'põe a mesa.' For a formal or Brazilian 'você,' say 'ponha a mesa.' For a group, use 'ponham a mesa.'
Maria, põe a mesa enquanto eu termino a sopa.
- Past Actions
- To say you have already set the table, use the Pretérito Perfeito. The first person singular is pus. Example: 'Eu pus a mesa às sete horas.' This indicates a completed action in the past.
Nós já pusemos a mesa para os convidados.
In questions, the phrase is often paired with auxiliary verbs like poder (can/may) or querer (want). This softens the request. For instance, 'Podes pôr a mesa?' is much more polite than a direct command. You can also use the future tense to describe upcoming plans: 'Amanhã, eu porei a mesa com a toalha nova' (Tomorrow, I will set the table with the new tablecloth), though the 'ir + infinitive' construction ('vou pôr') is much more common in spoken Portuguese.
Você pode pôr a mesa para quatro pessoas, por favor?
- Negative Sentences
- In negative sentences, simply place 'não' before the verb. 'Eu não pus a mesa ainda' (I haven't set the table yet). Note how the word order remains straightforward.
Ainda não pusemos a mesa porque a comida não está pronta.
When talking about habitual actions, use the Pretérito Imperfeito. 'Antigamente, a minha avó punha a mesa com muita elegância' (In the past, my grandmother used to set the table with much elegance). This tense describes a routine or a state in the past. Mastering these variations allows you to navigate any conversation about mealtime with ease and precision.
The phrase pôr a mesa is ubiquitous in Portuguese-speaking households. It is one of the first chores a child learns and a sentence heard daily in homes from Lisbon to Luanda. However, its reach extends beyond the kitchen. You will encounter it in literature, television dramas (telenovelas), and even in professional hospitality settings.
- In the Home
- The most common place to hear this is during the 'golden hour' before dinner. It is the soundtrack of family life. 'Quem põe a mesa hoje?' is a classic question that often leads to a quick negotiation between siblings or partners.
Sempre que temos visitas, a minha mãe gosta de pôr a mesa na sala de jantar.
- In Restaurants
- In the service industry, managers use this phrase when instructing staff. You might hear a 'gerente' (manager) saying, 'Temos uma reserva para dez, comecem a pôr a mesa agora.' It refers to the professional mise-en-place required for service.
In pop culture, particularly in telenovelas, scenes often begin or end with characters performing this action. It serves as a visual shorthand for domesticity or a moment of tension where characters must interact while performing a mundane task. Authors also use the description of how a character põe a mesa to reveal their social status or state of mind—a messy table suggests chaos, while a perfectly set one suggests control or anticipation.
Naquela cena da novela, ela estava a pôr a mesa quando recebeu a notícia bombástica.
- Formal Events
- During holidays like Christmas (Natal) or Easter (Páscoa), the phrase is used with a sense of ceremony. 'Vamos pôr a mesa de Natal' implies using the best china and silver. It is an act of love and celebration.
É uma tradição de família pôr a mesa todos juntos na véspera de Natal.
Whether you are in a humble village kitchen or a high-end restaurant in Luanda, pôr a mesa is the universal signal that food—and more importantly, the company of others—is about to be enjoyed. It is a phrase that carries the warmth of Portuguese culture.
Learning to use pôr a mesa involves navigating a few linguistic pitfalls. Because 'pôr' is a versatile verb and 'mesa' is a common noun, English speakers often make literal translations that don't quite fit the Portuguese idiom. Here are the most frequent errors and how to avoid them.
- Mistake 1: Using 'Setar'
- English speakers often try to 'portuguesify' the English verb 'to set' into 'setar.' While 'setar' is used in IT contexts (like setting a variable), it is never used for a dining table. Stick to pôr or colocar.
Incorreto: Eu vou setar a mesa. Correto: Eu vou pôr a mesa.
- Mistake 2: Forgetting the Article 'a'
- In English, we say 'set the table.' In Portuguese, the definite article 'a' is mandatory. Saying 'pôr mesa' sounds incomplete and ungrammatical to a native ear.
Another common issue is the conjugation of pôr. Because it's an irregular verb from the old '-er' conjugation (formerly 'poer'), it doesn't follow standard patterns. Many students say 'eu poro' or 'eu pondo' instead of 'eu ponho.' Similarly, in the past, students often say 'eu pori' instead of the correct 'eu pus.' These errors are very noticeable because 'pôr' is such a high-frequency verb.
Incorreto: Eu pori a mesa ontem. Correto: Eu pus a mesa ontem.
- Mistake 3: Confusing 'Pôr' with 'Por'
- In writing, learners often forget the circumflex accent on the infinitive pôr. Without the accent, 'por' is a preposition meaning 'by' or 'for.' While they sound similar, the accent is vital for written clarity.
Incorreto: Vou por a mesa. Correto: Vou pôr a mesa.
Lastly, avoid confusing pôr a mesa with fazer a mesa. In English, we 'make the bed,' but we don't 'make the table' in the sense of setting it. In Portuguese, fazer a mesa would literally mean constructing a wooden table from scratch. To prepare for dinner, always use pôr.
While pôr a mesa is the most standard way to express setting the table, Portuguese offers several alternatives and related terms depending on the region, the level of formality, and the specific stage of the meal. Understanding these nuances will help you expand your vocabulary and understand different speakers.
- Colocar a mesa
- This is the most common synonym. Colocar is a regular '-ar' verb, making it easier for many learners to conjugate. It is slightly more formal than pôr in some contexts but is used interchangeably in Brazil.
Podes colocar a mesa para o almoço?
- Arrumar a mesa
- Common in Brazil, arrumar implies 'tidying' or 'arranging.' It suggests a bit more care in the organization of the items. It can also refer to clearing up a messy table before setting it properly.
When the meal is over, you need the opposite action. In Portuguese, this is levantar a mesa (literally 'to lift the table') or tirar a mesa (to take away the table). These phrases mean to clear the dishes and leftovers after eating. In Brazil, limpar a mesa is also frequently used if the focus is on cleaning the surface.
Depois de comer, todos ajudam a levantar a mesa.
- Servir a mesa
- This means 'to serve the table.' It refers to the act of bringing food to the people already sitting down. While pôr a mesa is about the plates and forks, servir a mesa is about the meal itself.
Finally, in very formal or literary contexts, you might see aparelhar a mesa, though this is quite rare in modern conversation. It refers to the complete 'outfitting' of the table with all necessary apparatus. For most learners, mastering pôr, colocar, and levantar will cover 99% of all dining situations.
How Formal Is It?
حقيقة ممتعة
The verb 'pôr' is one of the most irregular in Portuguese because it lost a syllable over time; it used to be 'poer' in Old Portuguese.
دليل النطق
- Pronouncing 'pôr' like 'poor' in English.
- Using an open 'e' in 'mesa' (sounding like 'messa').
- Forgetting to voice the 's' as a 'z' in 'mesa'.
- Stress on the first syllable of 'mesa'.
- Treating 'pôr' as a regular '-or' verb.
مستوى الصعوبة
The phrase is simple, but recognizing the irregular verb forms can be tricky.
The circumflex accent on 'pôr' is often forgotten by learners.
أمثلة حسب المستوى
Eu ponho a mesa todos os dias.
I set the table every day.
Present tense, 1st person singular of the irregular verb 'pôr'.
Tu pões a mesa para o almoço?
Do you set the table for lunch?
Informal 'tu' form in a question.
A mãe põe a mesa na cozinha.
The mother sets the table in the kitchen.
3rd person singular 'põe'.
Nós pomos a mesa agora.
We set the table now.
1st person plural 'pomos'.
Eles põem a mesa na sala.
They set the table in the living room.
3rd person plural 'põem'.
Por favor, põe a mesa.
Please, set the table.
Imperative mood, informal 'tu'.
Eu não ponho a mesa hoje.
I am not setting the table today.
Negative sentence in the present tense.
Quem põe a mesa?
Who sets the table?
Interrogative pronoun 'quem'.
Ontem, eu pus a mesa sozinho.
Yesterday, I set the table alone.
Pretérito Perfeito (past tense), 1st person singular.
Podes pôr a mesa, por favor?
Can you set the table, please?
Polite request using the auxiliary verb 'podes'.
Ela já pôs a mesa para o jantar.
She has already set the table for dinner.
Use of the adverb 'já' with the past tense.
Nós pusemos a mesa no jardim.
We set the table in the garden.
Pretérito Perfeito, 1st person plural.
Vocês puseram a mesa muito bem.
You (plural) set the table very well.
3rd person plural past tense (used for 'vocês').
Eu vou pôr a mesa em cinco minutos.
I am going to set the table in five minutes.
Future with 'ir' + infinitive.
Quem é que pôs a mesa ontem?
Who was it that set the table yesterday?
Emphatic 'é que' in a question.
Não te esqueças de pôr a mesa.
Don't forget to set the table.
Negative imperative with 'esquecer-se'.
Quando eu era criança, punha a mesa sempre.
When I was a child, I used to set the table always.
Pretérito Imperfeito, indicating a past habit.
Se eu tivesse tempo, poria a mesa com flores.
If I had time, I would set the table with flowers.
Conditional mood 'poria'.
Espero que tu ponhas a mesa com cuidado.
I hope that you set the table carefully.
Present Subjunctive after 'espero que'.
Ela estava a pôr a mesa quando o telefone tocou.
She was setting the table when the phone rang.
Past continuous (Pretérito Imperfeito + gerund/infinitive).
É tradicional pôr a mesa com uma toalha branca.
It is traditional to set the table with a white tablecloth.
Impersonal expression with 'é' + adjective.
Ajudas-me a pôr a mesa para os convidados?
Will you help me set the table for the guests?
Pronominal verb 'ajudar-me'.
Ninguém pôs a mesa ainda, pois não?
No one has set the table yet, have they?
Tag question 'pois não'.
Depois de pôr a mesa, vou descansar um pouco.
After setting the table, I will rest a bit.
Preposition 'depois de' followed by the infinitive.
Embora estivesse cansado, ele pôs a mesa.
Although he was tired, he set the table.
Concessive clause with 'embora' + subjunctive.
É fundamental que ponhamos a mesa antes das oito.
It is fundamental that we set the table before eight.
Present Subjunctive, 1st person plural.
Caso eles não ponham a mesa, nós faremos isso.
In case they don't set the table, we will do it.
Conditional clause with 'caso' + subjunctive.
Ele pôs a mesa com um requinte impressionante.
He set the table with impressive refinement.
Noun 'requinte' modifying the action.
Teríamos posto a mesa se tivéssemos os pratos.
We would have set the table if we had the plates.
Conditional perfect with 'ter posto'.
Diz-lhes para porem a mesa imediatamente.
Tell them to set the table immediately.
Personal infinitive 'porem'.
Ela prefere que eu ponha a mesa à minha maneira.
She prefers that I set the table in my own way.
Verb of preference + 'que' + subjunctive.
Mal ele pôs a mesa, a campainha tocou.
As soon as he set the table, the doorbell rang.
Conjunction 'mal' meaning 'as soon as'.
A anfitriã esmerou-se ao pôr a mesa para o banquete.
The hostess excelled herself when setting the table for the banquet.
Pronominal verb 'esmerar-se' (to take great pains).
O protocolo exige que se ponha a mesa com rigor.
Protocol requires that the table be set with rigor.
Passive 'se' with the subjunctive.
Havia um certo desleixo na forma como punham a mesa.
There was a certain sloppiness in the way they used to set the table.
Noun 'desleixo' (negligence/sloppiness).
Ao pormos a mesa, percebemos que faltavam talheres.
Upon setting the table, we realized that cutlery was missing.
Personal infinitive with 'ao'.
Oxalá eles ponham a mesa antes de a comida arrefecer.
Hopefully they set the table before the food gets cold.
'Oxalá' + subjunctive to express a wish.
A arte de pôr a mesa reflete a cultura de um povo.
The art of setting the table reflects a people's culture.
Philosophical use of the infinitive as a noun.
Não obstante o atraso, ela insistiu em pôr a mesa.
Notwithstanding the delay, she insisted on setting the table.
Formal 'não obstante' (despite).
Quem quer que ponha a mesa deve usar a toalha de linho.
Whoever sets the table must use the linen tablecloth.
Indefinite relative 'quem quer que' + subjunctive.
A disposição dos cristais ao pôr a mesa era milimétrica.
The arrangement of the crystals when setting the table was millimetric.
Use of highly specific vocabulary ('cristais', 'milimétrica').
Pôr a mesa tornou-se um ritual quase litúrgico para ele.
Setting the table became an almost liturgical ritual for him.
Metaphorical use of 'litúrgico'.
A obra descreve minuciosamente o ato de pôr a mesa.
The work describes minutely the act of setting the table.
Adverb 'minuciosamente' (meticulously).
Se porventura puseres a mesa, usa o faqueiro de prata.
If by chance you set the table, use the silver cutlery set.
Future Subjunctive 'puseres' with 'porventura'.
O requinte do palácio via-se até no modo de pôr a mesa.
The palace's refinement was seen even in the way of setting the table.
Passive 'via-se' and abstract noun 'requinte'.
Pusera a mesa com tal zelo que ninguém ousava tocar-lhe.
He had set the table with such zeal that no one dared touch it.
Pretérito Mais-Que-Perfeito Simples ('pusera').
A cadência com que punha a mesa era hipnotizante.
The cadence with which he set the table was mesmerizing.
Abstract noun 'cadência' applied to a chore.
Tendo posto a mesa, retirou-se para os seus aposentos.
Having set the table, he retired to his quarters.
Compound gerund 'tendo posto'.
المرادفات
الأضداد
تلازمات شائعة
العبارات الشائعة
— Indicates the action will be done quickly.
Não te preocupes, vou pôr a mesa num instante.
— Something that still needs to be done.
A comida está pronta, mas ainda falta pôr a mesa.
— Specifying the number of people.
Pusemos a mesa para dez pessoas no aniversário.
— Expressing a preference for location.
No verão, gosto de pôr a mesa ao ar livre.
— Taking responsibility for the turn-based chore.
Não te preocupes, hoje é a minha vez de pôr a mesa.
— A compliment on someone's skill.
A minha avó põe a mesa como ninguém, é uma arte.
— Slang for 'setting the table is boring/a drag'.
Pôr a mesa todos os dias é uma seca!
تعبيرات اصطلاحية
— To be honest and open about one's intentions.
Temos de pôr as cartas na mesa e decidir o futuro.
informal— To prepare the conditions for success to happen.
O treinador pôs a mesa para o sucesso da equipa.
metaphorical— To depend on public or company funds (figurative).
Muitos projetos comem à mesa do orçamento do estado.
formal— To remain at the table talking after a meal (post-prandial).
Ficámos na mesa a conversar durante horas.
neutral— To give something easily to someone (related to table service).
Eles serviram a vitória de bandeja ao adversário.
informal— To provide for one's family (earn a living).
Trabalho muito para pôr o pão na mesa todos os meses.
neutral— During a meal or social drinking.
Muitos negócios resolvem-se entre a mesa e o copo.
informal— To establish discipline during a meal.
O pai teve de pôr ordem na mesa porque os miúdos gritavam.
neutral— To assert authority firmly (literally hit the table).
O diretor deu um soco na mesa e exigiu resultados.
informalعائلة الكلمة
الأسماء
الأفعال
الصفات
مرتبط
احفظها
وسيلة تذكّر
Think of 'POURing' wine onto a 'MESA' (which sounds like 'messy' if you don't set it right).
ربط بصري
Imagine a perfectly set table with a giant letter 'P' (for Pôr) made out of forks.
Word Web
تحدٍّ
Try to set the table tonight while saying 'Estou a pôr a mesa' out loud five times.
أصل الكلمة
From the Latin 'ponere' (to place) and 'mensa' (table).
المعنى الأصلي: To place something upon a flat surface for dining.
Romance (Indo-European).السياق الثقافي
No specific sensitivities; it is a neutral household term.
Similar to 'setting the table' in the UK/US, but often seen as more of a mandatory family ritual in Portugal.
Summary
Setting the table is 'pôr a mesa'. Use 'pôr' (irregular) + 'a' (article) + 'mesa'. Example: 'Eu ponho a mesa' (I set the table).
- Setting the table for a meal.
- Uses the irregular verb 'pôr'.
- Fundamental daily household chore.
- Requires the definite article 'a'.
محتوى ذو صلة
قواعد ذات صلة
عبارات ذات صلة
مزيد من كلمات home
à direita de
A2To the right side of something or someone.
à esquerda de
A2To the left side of something or someone.
a gás
B1يعمل بالغاز. يستخدم لوصف الأجهزة أو المركبات التي تستخدم الغاز كوقود.
a minha
B1My (feminine singular possessive determiner).
a nossa
B1لنا (للمؤنث المفرد). هذه لنا.
a tua
B1ك (للمؤنث، غير رسمي). 'منزلك' تترجم إلى 'a tua casa'.
abafado
A2الجو مكتوم جداً اليوم في هذه الغرفة الصغيرة.
abaixo de
A2القطة تحت الطاولة (abaixo de).
abajur
A2الأباجور هو مصباح طاولة صغير بغطاء.
abrir à chave
A2يفتح بالمفتاح. فعل استخدام المفتاح لفتح باب أو صندوق مقفل.