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B1 verb #3,000 الأكثر شيوعاً 9 دقيقة للقراءة

协商

xieshang
تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح 协商 في 30 ثانية
الشرح 协商 in your Level:
At the A1 level, you can think of **协商 (xiéshāng)** as a more 'polite' or 'serious' way to say 'talk and decide.' Even though it is a B1 word, you might hear it in very simple contexts like 'We talk together' (我们协商). In A1, you mostly use '商量' (shāngliang) for daily things like food or movies. 协商 is when you want to be very good and polite with a teacher or a boss. It means 'Let's talk to find a way that makes everyone happy.' Just remember: A and B 协商.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
At the A2 level, you start to see the difference between casual talk and 'consulting.' **协商** is used when there is a small problem to solve. For example, if two students want to use the same computer, they need to 协商. It's not just talking; it's talking to solve a problem. You will see it in simple work emails: 'Can we 协商 the time?' (我们可以协商时间吗？). It shows you are being professional. It usually follows the pattern: 'A 和 B 协商 + [Matter]'.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
As a B1 learner, **协商** is a key vocabulary word for your professional and social toolkit. It represents 'consultation' or 'negotiation' in a cooperative sense. You should use it when discussing contracts, work schedules, or resolving minor conflicts with colleagues. It implies that both sides are equal. A key phrase to learn at this level is '协商一致' (reach an agreement). You should be able to distinguish it from the more casual '商量' and the more intense '谈判'. It often appears in the context of 'friendly consultation' (友好协商).
At the B2 level, you should use **协商** to describe complex social and business processes. You'll encounter it in news reports about government policies or labor disputes. You should understand its use as both a verb and a noun. For example, '经过多轮协商' (after multiple rounds of consultation). You should also be comfortable using it in formal writing, such as '争议应通过协商解决' (disputes should be resolved through consultation). At this level, you recognize that 协商 is a vital part of 'saving face' and maintaining harmony in Chinese culture.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
For C1 learners, **协商** is part of the nuanced language of diplomacy and law. You should understand its role in phrases like '协商民主' (consultative democracy), which is a specific political concept in China. You should be able to use it to describe the delicate balance of interests in high-level corporate strategy or international relations. You'll notice it in legal documents where it defines the required procedure for dispute resolution. Your usage should reflect an understanding of its 'cooperative' nuance versus the 'adversarial' nature of '谈判'.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
At the C2 level, you master the subtle connotations of **协商** in various specialized fields. In legal Chinese, you understand the difference between '协商' (consultation), '调解' (mediation), and '仲裁' (arbitration). You can analyze how 协商 is used in high-level political discourse to signal a specific style of governance. You can use the word with perfect prosody in complex sentences, such as '在平等互利、协商一致的基础上，构建人类命运共同体.' You understand that 协商 is not just a word, but a philosophical approach to conflict and cooperation in the Sinosphere.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح

协商 في 30 ثانية

  • 协商 (xiéshāng) means to consult or negotiate cooperatively to reach a mutual agreement or solve a problem.
  • It is more formal than '商量' (shāngliang) and less adversarial than '谈判' (tánpàn).
  • Commonly used in business, law, and politics to describe reaching a consensus (协商一致).
  • Grammatically, it follows the pattern 'A with B consults about Topic' (A与B就...进行协商).

The term 协商 (xiéshāng) is a sophisticated yet practical Chinese verb that translates to 'consult,' 'negotiate,' or 'talk things over.' At its core, it describes a communicative process where two or more parties engage in a dialogue to reach a mutual understanding, solve a specific problem, or arrive at a collective agreement. Unlike more aggressive forms of negotiation, 协商 implies a high degree of cooperation, equality, and a genuine desire for a win-win outcome. It is the linguistic bridge between simple 'talking' (商量) and formal 'bargaining' (谈判).

Etymological Breakdown
The first character, 协 (xié), combines the radical for 'ten' (representing many) with 'power/strength' (力) repeated three times, symbolizing 'united strength' or 'cooperation.' The second character, 商 (shāng), originally referred to trade or discussion. Together, they form a word that literally means 'cooperative discussion.'
Semantic Nuance
It carries a tone of mutual respect. You don't '协商' with someone you are ordering around; you '协商' with a partner, a colleague, or a neighbor to find a middle ground that respects both parties' interests.

"为了解决这个邻里纠纷，我们决定坐下来好好协商一下。" (In order to resolve this neighborhood dispute, we decided to sit down and consult properly.)

— Example of community-level 协商

In a professional context, 协商 is the standard procedure for adjusting contract terms, setting project timelines, or resolving internal conflicts. It is less about 'winning' a debate and more about 'aligning' perspectives. When you use this word, you are signaling that you value the other person's input and are willing to be flexible for the sake of harmony.

"经过多次协商，双方终于达成了共识。" (After multiple consultations, both sides finally reached a consensus.)

Register and Usage
It is commonly found in news reports, business emails, and legal documents. While it can be used in daily life, it sounds more formal and serious than the colloquial '商量'.

"政府正在与当地居民协商拆迁补偿方案。" (The government is consulting with local residents on the demolition compensation plan.)

Ultimately, 协商 represents the spirit of 'seeking common ground while reserving differences' (求同存异). It is a vital tool for anyone navigating Chinese social or professional environments, as it emphasizes the process of reaching an agreement as much as the agreement itself. Whether it's a small adjustment to a schedule or a major policy change, 协商 ensures that the path forward is paved with mutual consent.

Using 协商 (xiéshāng) correctly requires understanding its grammatical flexibility and its social weight. As a verb, it can take an object directly or be used with various prepositions to specify the parties involved and the topic at hand.

Grammatical Pattern 1: A与B协商 (A consults with B)
This is the most common structure. You can use '与' (yǔ), '和' (hé), or '跟' (gēn) as the preposition.
Example: 我需要跟老板协商一下薪水问题。 (I need to consult with my boss about the salary issue.)
Grammatical Pattern 2: 协商 + [Topic]
协商 can directly precede the matter being discussed.
Example: 双方正在协商合同条款。 (Both parties are negotiating the contract terms.)

"这个问题我们需要进一步协商。" (We need to further consult on this issue.)

One of the most powerful ways to use 协商 is as a noun or a modifier in formal phrases. For instance, '协商一致' (reach a consensus through consultation) is a standard legal and diplomatic phrase. It implies that the decision was not forced but agreed upon by everyone involved.

"在友好协商的基础上，我们签署了合作协议。" (On the basis of friendly consultation, we signed the cooperation agreement.)

In terms of register, use 协商 when you want to sound objective and professional. If you are asking a friend where to go for dinner, use '商量'. If you are discussing a project delay with a client, use '协商'. This distinction shows your mastery of Chinese social nuances.

Common Complements
You will often see 协商 followed by resultative complements like '好' (hǎo) or '妥' (tuǒ), meaning the consultation has been successfully completed.
Example: 事情已经协商好了。 (The matter has been settled through consultation.)

"请你们内部先协商，再给我们答复。" (Please consult internally first, then give us an answer.)

Remember: 协商 is a two-way street. It implies that you are listening as much as you are speaking. In writing, it often appears in the passive voice or as part of a collective subject (e.g., '经双方协商' - after consultation by both parties), which depersonalizes the process and makes it feel more official and fair.

You will encounter 协商 (xiéshāng) in environments where collective decision-making is paramount. It is a staple of Chinese institutional and professional life.

1. Political and Diplomatic News
In China, the 'Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference' (CPPCC) is literally called the '中国人民政治协商会议'. You will hear this word daily on CCTV News (新闻联播) when reporting on government meetings or international summits.
2. Corporate and Business Meetings
When departments need to share resources or when a company is negotiating with a vendor, 协商 is the go-to term. You'll hear: '我们需要和财务部协商预算' (We need to consult with the finance department about the budget).

"有关贸易争端，各国代表正在进行紧急协商。" (Regarding trade disputes, representatives from various countries are conducting emergency consultations.)

In the legal realm, 协商 is often the first step before litigation. Lawyers and mediators will encourage parties to '协商解决' (resolve through consultation) to avoid the cost and bitterness of a court case. If you read a Chinese contract, you will almost certainly find a clause stating that 'disputes shall be resolved through friendly consultation' (争议应通过友好协商解决).

"如果对合同有异议，我们可以进一步协商。" (If there are objections to the contract, we can consult further.)

Community management (物业) also uses this word frequently. When a neighbor's renovation is too loud or a parking spot is blocked, the property management will say, '我们会找业主协商' (We will find the owner to consult/negotiate). It sounds much more polite and effective than saying 'we will tell them to stop.'

Academic and Research Settings
Researchers '协商' on authorship, methodology, and funding allocation. It is the language of the 'committee' and the 'working group.'

"经过校方与学生代表的协商，图书馆将延长开放时间。" (After consultation between the school authorities and student representatives, the library will extend its opening hours.)

In summary, whenever there is a need to balance different interests without resorting to force or authority, 协商 is the word you will hear. It is the sound of the 'middle way' in modern Chinese society.

While 协商 (xiéshāng) is a versatile word, learners often trip up on its register, its synonyms, and its object placement. Avoiding these common pitfalls will make your Chinese sound much more natural and precise.

Mistake 1: Using it for trivial daily matters
Saying '我和妈妈协商晚饭吃什么' (I consulted with my mom about what to eat for dinner) sounds unnaturally formal. It's like saying 'I am conducting a formal bilateral negotiation with my mother regarding the evening's culinary selection.'
Correction: Use 商量 (shāngliang) for daily, informal life.
Mistake 2: Confusing it with 谈判 (tánpàn)
Learners often use 谈判 when they mean 协商. 谈判 is for high-pressure situations where parties might have conflicting interests (like a hostage situation or a hostile takeover). 协商 is for parties who are generally on the same side or want to maintain a long-term relationship.
Correction: Use 协商 for cooperative problem-solving.

"Incorrect: 我们要和供应商谈判一个小细节。" (Too aggressive for a small detail.)
"Correct: 我们要和供应商协商一个小细节。"

Mistake 3: Misusing '协商一致'
Some learners think '协商一致' means 'to agree to consult.' In fact, it is a fixed phrase meaning 'to reach a consensus through consultation.'
Correction: Use it as a result: '双方协商一致，决定推迟会议。'

"Wrong: 经理协商了我。" (The manager 'consulted' me - incorrect structure.)
"Right: 经理跟我协商了这件事。"

Another subtle mistake is using 协商 when you are actually just asking for permission. 协商 implies you have some leverage or a say in the matter. If you are just asking your boss for a day off, '请假' (qǐngjià) or '商量' is better. 协商 suggests a discussion of terms.

Mistake 4: Redundancy
Avoid saying '互相协商' (consult with each other) too often, as 协商 inherently implies a mutual process. While not strictly wrong, it can be redundant in professional writing.

By keeping 协商 for professional, cooperative, and formal contexts, and ensuring you use the correct 'A和B协商' structure, you will avoid the most common errors made by intermediate learners.

To truly master 协商 (xiéshāng), you must understand how it sits within a family of words related to discussion and agreement. Choosing the right one depends on the level of formality and the relationship between the speakers.

1. 商量 (shāngliang) - The Informal Cousin
This is the most common word for 'discuss' in daily life. It's used with friends, family, and close colleagues. It's warm and casual.
Example: 我们商量一下周末去哪儿玩。 (Let's talk about where to go this weekend.)
2. 谈判 (tánpàn) - The Formal Heavyweight
This is 'negotiation' in a strict, often competitive sense. It's used for business deals, international treaties, or legal settlements where there is a clear 'give and take' and often a conflict of interest.
Example: 经过三天的艰苦谈判，协议终于签署了。 (After three days of grueling negotiations, the agreement was finally signed.)

"协商强调的是‘合’（合作），而谈判强调的是‘谈’（博弈）。" (Consultation emphasizes 'cooperation', while negotiation emphasizes 'gaming/bargaining'.)

3. 讨论 (tǎolùn) - The Academic/Analytical Choice
This means 'to discuss' in the sense of exploring a topic, sharing opinions, or analyzing a problem. It doesn't necessarily aim for a final agreement or contract; it's about the exchange of ideas.
Example: 老师组织学生讨论这篇课文。 (The teacher organized the students to discuss this text.)
4. 商议 (shāngyì) - The Formal Alternative
Very similar to 协商, but slightly more focused on the 'deliberation' aspect. It's often used in formal meetings to describe the process of considering a proposal.
Example: 董事会正在商议公司的发展计划。 (The board is deliberating on the company's development plan.)

"沟通 (gōutōng) 是手段，协商是过程，达成共识是结果。" (Communication is the means, consultation is the process, and reaching consensus is the result.)

When in doubt, if you are in a workplace and want to sound respectful and professional without being confrontational, 协商 is almost always your best bet. It strikes the perfect balance between the casualness of 商量 and the intensity of 谈判.

How Formal Is It?

مستوى الصعوبة

قواعد يجب معرفتها

Preposition '与/和/跟'

Resultative Complements (好, 妥)

The '就...进行...' structure

Nominalization of verbs

Reduplication of verbs (协商协商)

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

أمثلة حسب المستوى

1

我们协商一下。

Let's talk and decide.

Simple verb usage.

2

老师和学生协商时间。

The teacher and student consult about the time.

A and B 协商 Topic.

3

大家要好好协商。

Everyone needs to consult well.

Adverb + 协商.

4

我们可以协商吗？

Can we consult/negotiate?

Modal verb + 协商.

5

他们正在协商。

They are currently consulting.

Continuous aspect.

6

这件事需要协商。

This matter needs consultation.

Subject + 协商.

7

我和他协商好了。

I have finished consulting with him.

Resultative complement '好'.

8

请跟我协商。

Please consult with me.

Imperative with '请'.

1

双方正在协商价格。

Both sides are negotiating the price.

协商 + Object (Noun).

2

我们需要协商解决这个问题。

We need to resolve this problem through consultation.

协商 + Verb (to resolve).

3

经过协商，他同意了。

After consultation, he agreed.

Prepositional phrase '经过...协商'.

4

邻居之间要多协商。

Neighbors should consult more with each other.

Noun + 之间 + 协商.

5

这个计划还要再协商。

This plan still needs more consultation.

Adverb '再' + 协商.

6

经理和员工协商加班费。

The manager and employee consult about overtime pay.

Formal workplace context.

7

请你们内部先协商一下。

Please consult internally first.

Locative '内部' + 协商.

8

我们通过协商达成了协议。

We reached an agreement through consultation.

通过...达成...

1

双方就合同条款进行了友好协商。

Both parties conducted friendly consultations on the contract terms.

就...进行协商 (Formal).

2

如果意见不一，可以进一步协商。

If opinions differ, further consultation is possible.

Conditional '如果...可以...'.

3

这种事不能强求，只能协商。

This kind of thing cannot be forced; it can only be negotiated.

Contrastive structure.

4

公司正在与工会协商工资涨幅。

The company is negotiating wage increases with the union.

与...协商 (Specific parties).

5

协商是解决纠纷的最好办法。

Consultation is the best way to resolve disputes.

协商 as a noun/subject.

6

经过多次协商，双方终于达成一致。

After multiple consultations, both sides finally reached an agreement.

达成一致 (Common collocation).

7

我们需要协商出一个可行的方案。

We need to consult and come up with a feasible plan.

协商出 (Resultative).

8

这个项目需要各部门共同协商。

This project requires all departments to consult together.

共同 + 协商.

1

政府通过协商民主广泛听取民意。

The government listens to public opinion through consultative democracy.

协商民主 (Political term).

2

在平等互利的基础上，双方达成了协商。

On the basis of equality and mutual benefit, both sides reached a consultation agreement.

Formal prepositional phrase.

3

有关赔偿事宜，请联系我方律师协商。

Regarding compensation matters, please contact our lawyer for consultation.

Professional instruction.

4

双方同意通过协商解决所有未尽事宜。

Both parties agree to resolve all outstanding matters through consultation.

未尽事宜 (Formal term).

5

由于缺乏协商，项目进度受到了影响。

Due to a lack of consultation, the project progress was affected.

Cause and effect.

6

我们需要就资源分配问题进行深入协商。

We need to conduct in-depth consultations on the issue of resource allocation.

深入 (Adjective) + 协商.

7

协商过程中，双方都做出了让步。

During the consultation process, both sides made concessions.

协商过程 (Noun phrase).

8

他擅长在复杂的利益关系中进行协商。

He is good at negotiating within complex interest relationships.

擅长 (to be good at) + 协商.

1

这种多边协商机制有效地缓解了地区紧张局势。

This multilateral consultation mechanism has effectively eased regional tensions.

多边协商机制 (Advanced terminology).

2

法律规定，集体合同应当由工会代表职工与企业协商制定。

The law stipulates that collective contracts shall be formulated through consultation between union representatives and the enterprise.

Legal requirement structure.

3

在缺乏充分协商的情况下，单方面改变政策是不明智的。

It is unwise to unilaterally change policy in the absence of full consultation.

单方面 (Unilaterally) vs 协商.

4

双方就边界划定问题达成了初步协商意向。

The two sides reached a preliminary intention of consultation on the issue of border delimitation.

协商意向 (Consultation intent).

5

这种协商式的管理风格深受员工欢迎。

This consultative management style is very popular among employees.

协商式 (Consultative style).

6

协商的成败往往取决于双方的诚意和信任。

The success or failure of a consultation often depends on the sincerity and trust of both parties.

Abstract subject.

7

我们要加强与各利益相关方的沟通与协商。

We need to strengthen communication and consultation with all stakeholders.

利益相关方 (Stakeholders).

8

通过政治协商，各党派达成了广泛的政治共识。

Through political consultation, various parties reached a broad political consensus.

政治共识 (Political consensus).

1

在全球治理体系中，协商一致原则是维护公平正义的重要保障。

In the global governance system, the principle of consensus through consultation is an important guarantee for maintaining fairness and justice.

High-level political theory.

2

双方秉持求同存异的精神，就敏感问题展开了坦诚的协商。

Upholding the spirit of seeking common ground while reserving differences, both sides launched candid consultations on sensitive issues.

Idiomatic '求同存异'.

3

该协议的达成是多年艰苦卓绝协商的结晶。

The reaching of this agreement is the crystallization of years of arduous consultation.

Metaphorical language.

4

协商民主作为中国特色社会主义民主政治的重要形式，具有独特优势。

Consultative democracy, as an important form of socialist democratic politics with Chinese characteristics, has unique advantages.

Ideological terminology.

5

任何试图绕过协商而强加于人的做法，最终都会失败。

Any attempt to bypass consultation and impose one's will on others will ultimately fail.

Complex philosophical statement.

6

在知识产权谈判中，协商的艺术在于平衡保护与共享的矛盾。

In IP negotiations, the art of consultation lies in balancing the contradiction between protection and sharing.

Abstract 'Art of...'.

7

双方就建立长期战略协商机制达成了原则性共识。

The two sides reached a consensus in principle on establishing a long-term strategic consultation mechanism.

原则性共识 (Consensus in principle).

8

通过制度化的协商，可以有效化解社会矛盾，促进和谐稳定。

Through institutionalized consultation, social contradictions can be effectively resolved, promoting harmony and stability.

Institutionalized (制度化).

الأضداد

独裁 命令

تلازمات شائعة

友好协商
协商一致
进一步协商
达成协商
内部协商
紧急协商
政治协商
集体协商
平等协商
通过协商

العبارات الشائعة

协商解决
协商会议
协商机制
协商程序
协商代表
协商结果
协商条款
协商定价
协商合同
协商补偿

يُخلط عادةً مع

协商 vs 商量

商量 is casual/daily; 协商 is formal/professional.

协商 vs 谈判

谈判 is often adversarial/high-stakes; 协商 is cooperative.

协商 vs 讨论

讨论 is for exploring ideas; 协商 is for reaching an agreement.

تعبيرات اصطلاحية

"协商一致"
"求同存异"
"平起平坐"
"各抒己见"
"集思广益"
"和衷共济"
"互谅互让"
"达成共识"
"推心置腹"
"心平气和"

سهل الخلط

协商 vs

协商 vs

协商 vs

协商 vs

协商 vs

أنماط الجُمل

عائلة الكلمة

مرتبط

协会 (association)
协作 (cooperation)
协调 (coordinate)
商场 (market)
商品 (goods)
سجّل مجاناً لرؤية جميع الأمثلة

كيفية الاستخدام

Formal

Avoid in very casual family settings.

Process

Focuses on the process of talking, not just the result.

Equality

Always implies parties are on equal footing.

أخطاء شائعة
  • Using 协商 with family members for dinner choices.
  • Forgetting the '与/和' preposition.
  • Using it as a synonym for 'ordering' someone to do something.
  • Confusing it with the more aggressive '谈判' in a friendly partnership.
  • Misspelling the characters (mixing up 协 with 胁).

نصائح

Business Etiquette

Always suggest '协商' before '谈判' to show you are cooperative.

Preposition Use

Remember to use '与' or '和' before the person you are consulting with.

Saving Face

Use 协商 to resolve conflicts privately to help everyone save face.

Fixed Phrases

Memorize '协商一致' as a single unit; it's extremely common.

Formal Reports

Use '经过双方协商' to start a sentence about a mutual decision.

Softening Tone

Add '一下' at the end to make your request for consultation sound less demanding.

News Keywords

When you hear '政协', know it stands for Political Consultative Conference.

Contracts

Look for 协商 in the 'Dispute Resolution' section of any Chinese contract.

Cooperation

协商 implies you are willing to change your mind, not just convince the other person.

Vs. 讨论

Use 讨论 for a brainstorm, but 协商 for a final decision.

احفظها

أصل الكلمة

السياق الثقافي

It allows both parties to save face by reaching a mutual agreement.

协商 maintains social harmony by avoiding direct confrontation.

It is a core pillar of the Chinese political consultation system.

تدرّب في الحياة الواقعية

سياقات واقعية

بدايات محادثة

"关于这个项目，我们可以协商一下时间吗？"

"你觉得我们应该如何协商这个问题？"

"双方在协商中达成了哪些共识？"

"如果协商不成，你有什么备选方案？"

"我们能就价格再协商一下吗？"

مواضيع للكتابة اليومية

描述一次你通过协商解决冲突的经历。

你认为协商在国际关系中有多重要？

在你的文化中，人们更倾向于协商还是直接竞争？

写一段对话，模拟两个同事协商工作分工。

为什么‘协商一致’在法律合同中如此常见？

الأسئلة الشائعة

10 أسئلة

Technically yes, but it sounds very formal. Use '商量' for daily life.

协商 is 'consultation' (cooperative); 谈判 is 'negotiation' (often competitive).

It can be both. 'We 协商' (verb) or 'After 协商' (noun).

Use the phrase '协商一致' (xiéshāng yīzhì).

Yes, it's a key term in the Chinese political system (Political Consultation).

No, you must say '和他协商' or '与他协商'.

It means 'friendly consultation,' a common term in business and diplomacy.

Yes, it is a very polite and professional way to suggest a discussion.

Yes, '协商薪水' is very appropriate for a professional setting.

You say '协商不成' (consultation failed to reach an agreement).

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اختبر نفسك 201 أسئلة

/ 201 correct

Perfect score!

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