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Is Anything Real?
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Hey, Vsauce. Michael here. Where are your fingers?
Seriously. It's a pretty easy question. You should be able to answer it.
But how do you know? How does
anyone know anything? You might say, well, I know where my fingers are. I'm looking
right at them.
Or, I can touch them, I can feel them, they're right here and that's good.
Your senses are a great way to learn things.
In fact, we have way more than the usual five senses we talk about.
For instance, your kinesthetic sense, proprioception.
This is what the police evaluate during a field sobriety test.
It allows you to tell where your fingers and arms and head and legs in your body
is all in relation to each other
without having to look or touch other things.
We have way more than five senses, we have at least twice as many
and then some. But they're not perfect. There are optical illusions,
audio illusions,
temperature sensation illusions, even tactile
illusions. Can you turn your tongue upside down?
If so, perfect. Try this. Run your finger
along the outer edge of the tip of your upside down
tongue. Your tongue will be able to feel your finger, but in the wrong place.
Our brains never needed to develop an understanding
of upside down tongue touch. So, when you touch the right side of your tongue
when it's flipped over to your left side you perceive a sensation
on the opposite side, where your tongue usually is but isn't
when it's upside down. It's pretty freaky and cool
and a little humbling, because it shows the limits of the
accuracy of our senses, the only tools we have to get what's out there
in here. The philosophy of knowledge,
the study of knowing, is called Epistomology.
Plato famously said that the things we know
are things that are true, that we believe
and that we have justification for believing. those justifications might be
irrational
or they might be rational, they might be based on proof,
but don't get too confident because proven is not a synonym
for true. Luckily, there are things that we can know
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