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B1 noun #4,000 am häufigsten 9 Min. Lesezeit

کسر

kasr Top 4,000

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Erklärung کسر in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to worry about the complex social uses of 'kasr.' Just remember that 'kasr' means 'fraction' in math. Think of it like a piece of a pizza. You might also hear it in very simple sentences about money, like 'kasr shod' (it was deducted). Focus on the sound and the basic idea of 'taking something away' or 'a small part.' It is a noun. You won't use it much yourself yet, but you might see it in a simple math book or on a receipt.

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At the A2 level, you should start using 'kasr' in the context of 'kasr kardan' (to deduct). You can use it to talk about money being taken from a bank account or a discount that wasn't applied correctly. You should also recognize it in basic math terms. You might say 'yek kasr-e sade' (a simple fraction). You are becoming aware that it means something is missing or was subtracted from a total. You might hear a teacher say 'yek emtiaz kasr shod' (one point was deducted).

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As a B1 learner, you should be comfortable using 'kasr' in various professional and social contexts. You should know the phrase 'kasr-e budjeh' (budget deficit) and 'kasr-e sha'n' (beneath one's dignity). You can use it to explain why you are short on money ('kasr avordam') or to discuss salary deductions. You understand that 'kasr' is more formal and specific than 'kam kardan.' You can also use it to describe shortages like 'kasr-e khab' (sleep shortage). This is the level where the word becomes a versatile tool in your daily Persian.

At the B2 level, you understand the nuances between 'kasr,' 'kambud,' and 'noghsan.' You can use 'kasr' in formal writing, such as business emails or reports, to describe financial discrepancies. You are familiar with more complex mathematical terms involving fractions. You can also use 'kasr-e sha'n' in nuanced social situations to express your feelings about respect and status. You recognize the word in news broadcasts about national economics and can discuss the implications of a 'kasr-e tejari' (trade deficit).

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At the C1 level, you use 'kasr' with precision and stylistic flair. You understand its etymological roots in Arabic and how that influences its usage in high-level literature and legal documents. You can participate in debates about economic policy using terms like 'kasr-e taraz-e pardakht-ha' (balance of payments deficit). You also understand the metaphorical uses of 'kasr' in classical and modern Persian poetry, where it might represent a fragment of a larger philosophical truth or a broken state of being.

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At the C2 level, 'kasr' is a word you use instinctively with all its cultural and historical baggage. You can differentiate between its use in various Persian-speaking regions (Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan) and understand any slight shifts in meaning. You can write academic papers or legal briefs using the most formal variants of the word. You are also capable of using it in puns or sophisticated wordplay, perhaps referencing its dual identity as a mathematical term and a social concept of dignity.

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کسر in 30 Sekunden

Kasr means fraction in math and deduction in finance.
It comes from the Arabic root meaning 'to break.'
Commonly used in 'kasr-e budjeh' (budget deficit).
Used socially in 'kasr-e sha'n' (beneath one's dignity).

The Persian word کسر (pronounced as 'kasr') is a multifaceted noun primarily derived from the Arabic root meaning 'to break.' In its most literal mathematical sense, it represents a 'fraction'—a part of a whole that has been 'broken' off. However, its utility in the Persian language extends far beyond the classroom. It is a cornerstone of financial, social, and grammatical discourse. When you are dealing with numbers, kasr is the term for any fraction like 1/2 or 3/4. In a professional or financial context, it refers to a 'deduction' or a 'deficit.' For instance, if your employer takes money out of your paycheck for taxes or insurance, that process is called kasr-e hagh-ol-zahmeh (deduction of wages). Furthermore, it is used to describe a shortage or a deficit in accounts, such as kasr-e budjeh (budget deficit).

Mathematical Context: In mathematics, کسر refers to a fraction consisting of a numerator (صورت) and a denominator (مخرج). It is the standard term used from elementary school through advanced engineering.

معلم از دانش‌آموزان خواست تا یک کسر ساده بنویسند.
The teacher asked the students to write a simple fraction.

Financial and Administrative Context: In accounting and HR, it signifies a reduction or deduction. It is often paired with verbs like 'kardan' (to do/make) to form 'kasr kardan' (to deduct).

Socially, the word takes on a more abstract meaning. The phrase kasr-e sha'n is incredibly common in Iranian culture, referring to something that is 'beneath one's dignity' or 'dishonorable.' If an Iranian professional is asked to do a menial task, they might feel it is a kasr-e sha'n for them. This reflects the deep-seated cultural importance of 'aberu' (prestige/face). Understanding this word requires balancing its cold, mathematical precision with its warm, social sensitivity. Whether you are calculating the remaining balance of a loan or navigating a delicate social hierarchy in Tehran, kasr is a word that appears frequently. It implies that something has been taken away, split, or reduced from its original, complete state. In literature, it can even symbolize a broken heart or a fragmented soul, though this is less common in modern colloquial speech.

این کار برای او کسر شأن است.
This job is beneath his dignity (a deduction of his status).

Common Collocations: Common pairings include 'kasr-e budjeh' (budget deficit), 'kasr-e khab' (sleep deprivation/shortage), and 'kasr-e daryafti' (deduction from receipts).

بانک بابت کارمزد، مبلغی از حساب من کسر کرد.
The bank deducted an amount from my account for the service fee.

Using کسر correctly involves understanding its role as both a standalone noun and a part of compound verbs. The most frequent grammatical structure you will encounter is the compound verb kasr kardan (to deduct). This verb is transitive, meaning it takes a direct object—the thing being deducted—and often uses the preposition 'az' (from) to indicate the source. For example, 'az hoquq-am kasr kardand' (they deducted from my salary). Note that the object of deduction is often implied or stated clearly before the verb. In mathematical sentences, kasr acts as a simple noun. You might say 'in kasr ra sadeh kon' (simplify this fraction). Here, 'kasr' is the direct object of 'sadeh kardan' (to simplify).

The 'Ezāfe' Connection: When 'kasr' is followed by another noun to specify the type of deduction, it uses the ezāfe (the short 'e' sound). For example: 'kasr-e budjeh' (deficit of budget). The word 'kasr' remains the head of the phrase.

دولت برای جبران کسر بودجه، مالیات‌ها را افزایش داد.
The government increased taxes to compensate for the budget deficit.

Another common usage is in the context of time. While less common than 'mandeh' (remaining), you might hear 'dah daghigheh kasr be sa'at-e hasht' (ten minutes short of eight o'clock), though 'dah daghigheh be hasht' is more standard. In formal writing, particularly in legal or administrative documents, kasr is used to describe any shortfall. If a shipment arrives with fewer items than listed, the receiver might write 'ba kasr-e panj adad' (with a shortage of five items). This use of 'ba' (with) + 'kasr' + 'e' (ezāfe) + [amount] is a formal way to indicate missing quantities.

او همیشه با کسر خواب مواجه است.
He is always facing a shortage of sleep (sleep deprivation).

Social Usage (Dignity): In the phrase 'kasr-e sha'n,' the word 'kasr' functions as a 'reduction' or 'diminishing' of one's social status. It is almost always used with the verb 'budan' (to be) or 'danestan' (to consider).

عذرخواهی کردن را برای خودت کسر شأن ندان.
Don't consider apologizing to be beneath your dignity.

You will encounter کسر in several distinct 'real-world' environments in Iran or Persian-speaking communities. First and foremost is the academic setting. From the age of nine or ten, Iranian children spend hours studying 'kasr-ha' (fractions) in math class. If you visit a school or help a child with homework, you will hear terms like 'kasr-e mota'arefi' (common fraction) or 'kasr-e ashari' (decimal fraction, though 'ashar' is more common for decimals). Secondly, the word is ubiquitous in the world of Persian banking and commerce. When you receive a bank statement (sorat-hesab), any automatic withdrawals for fees, loan repayments, or SMS service charges are listed as 'kasr' or 'mablagh-e kasr shodeh' (deducted amount). If you work in an Iranian office, the accounting department (hesabdari) will use this word constantly during payroll discussions.

In the News: Economic news broadcasts frequently mention 'kasr-e budjeh-ye dowlat' (the government's budget deficit). It is a major political and economic talking point in Iran.

گزارش‌ها نشان‌دهنده کسر موجودی در انبار است.
Reports indicate a shortage of stock in the warehouse.

Thirdly, you will hear it in social interactions involving 'Ta'arof' and social standing. Iranians are very conscious of 'sha'n' (dignity/status). You might hear someone say, 'Bedun-e kasr-e sha'n' (without meaning any disrespect/without it being beneath anyone) before asking a favor or giving a suggestion. It is a way to navigate the hierarchical nature of Persian social relations. Fourthly, in the healthcare or fitness world, 'kasr-e vazn' (weight loss/reduction) is sometimes used, though 'kahesh-e vazn' is more common. However, 'kasr-e khab' (sleep deficit) is a very common term in health magazines and doctor consultations.

آیا این کسر قابل ساده شدن است؟
Is this fraction simplifiable?

Legal and Formal Documents: In contracts, 'kasr-e dorat' (deduction of periods/time) or clauses about 'kasr-e khosarat' (deduction for damages) are standard terminology.

به دلیل غیبت، از مرخصی‌های او کسر شد.
Due to absence, [days] were deducted from his leave.

Learners of Persian often stumble when using کسر because of its phonological similarity to other words and its specific range of meanings. The most frequent mistake is confusing kasr (the noun) with kasreh (the vowel). While they sound nearly identical to a beginner's ear, 'kasreh' is only used for the grammatical 'e' sound. If you say 'kasr-e kalameh' you might mean 'the deduction of the word' instead of 'the kasreh of the word.' Another common error is using kasr kardan in place of kam kardan (to reduce/lower). While they are synonyms, kasr kardan specifically implies taking away a portion from a total, whereas kam kardan is more general. For example, you 'kam kardan' the volume of a radio, but you 'kasr kardan' a tax from a salary. You cannot 'kasr' the volume.

Preposition Errors: Learners often forget the preposition 'az' (from). Incorrect: 'Mablagh ra hoquq-am kasr kardand.' Correct: 'Mablagh ra az hoquq-am kasr kardand.'

اشتباه: صدای تلویزیون را کسر کن.
Wrong: Deduct the TV volume. (Should be 'kam kon')

Another mistake involves the social phrase kasr-e sha'n. Some learners use it to mean 'embarrassing' in a general sense. However, it specifically refers to a loss of status or dignity. If you trip in the street, it's 'khejalat-avar' (embarrassing), but it's not necessarily 'kasr-e sha'n' unless you are a high-ranking official who feels that falling down makes them look less powerful. Furthermore, in mathematical contexts, beginners sometimes confuse the word for fraction (kasr) with the word for division (taghsim). While related, 'taghsim' is the operation, and 'kasr' is the resulting numerical representation.

درست: پنج کسر از ده، همان یک دوم است.
Correct: Five fractions of ten (5/10) is the same as one half.

Confusing with 'Ghat' (Cut): Sometimes students use 'kasr' to mean 'to cut off' a service (like internet). The correct word is 'ghat kardan.' 'Kasr' is about quantity/value, not physical or digital connection.

او به خاطر کسر بودجه نتوانست پروژه را تمام کند.
He couldn't finish the project because of a budget deficit.

To truly master کسر, you should understand how it relates to its synonyms and antonyms. Depending on the context, you might choose a different word to be more precise or to change the register of your speech. For 'fraction' in a non-mathematical, metaphorical sense, you might use 'bakhsh' (part) or 'tekkeh' (piece). For 'deduction' in a mathematical or logical sense, 'menha' (minus) is the common operator. If you are talking about a 'shortage' of goods, 'kambud' is often more natural than kasr. For example, 'kambud-e ab' (water shortage) is standard, while 'kasr-e ab' sounds like a technical hydraulic term.

Kasr vs. Kambud: Kasr usually implies a deficit in a known account or amount (like a bank balance), whereas Kambud is a general scarcity in the environment (like a shortage of bread in the city).

در این شهر با کمبود مسکن مواجه هستیم.
In this city, we are facing a housing shortage (Kambud is better here).

Kasr vs. Kahesh: Kahesh means 'reduction' or 'decrease' in trend or level (like a decrease in temperature), while Kasr is the act of taking a specific amount away.

In formal writing, instead of 'kasr kardan,' you might see 'vaz' kardan' (to deduct/subtract), which is very common in legal texts. Another alternative is 'min-e' (minus), though this is strictly for the mathematical operation. If you want to talk about 'breaking' something physically, you must use 'shekastan,' never 'kasr kardan,' even though they share a root meaning. Knowing these distinctions prevents you from sounding like a translation bot and helps you sound like a native speaker who understands the nuances of Persian vocabulary.

مبلغ مالیات از کل درآمد وضع خواهد شد.
The tax amount will be deducted (Vaz') from the total income.

Comparison Table

Kasr: Specific deduction/Fraction (Mathematical/Financial)
Noghsan: Defect/Flaw (Qualitative)
Kam-bud: General shortage (Supply/Demand)
Takhrif: Discount (Price reduction - specifically for sales)

How Formal Is It?

Formell

Neutral

Informell

Child friendly

Umgangssprache

Wusstest du?

The word 'fracture' in English and 'kasr' in Persian share the same conceptual origin (breaking), even though they come from different language families (Latin 'fractura' vs. Arabic 'kasr').

Aussprachehilfe

UK /kæsr/

US /kæsr/

The stress is on the single syllable.

Reimt sich auf

عصر (Asr - afternoon) نصر (Nasr - victory) قصر (Ghasr - palace) حصر (Hasr - siege) مصر (Mesr - Egypt) خسر (Khosr - loss) بصر (Basr - sight) دسر (Deser - dessert - partial rhyme)

Häufige Fehler

Adding a vowel between 's' and 'r' (e.g., 'kas-ar').
Pronouncing it like 'kaser' (which is the Arabic active participle).
Confusing it with 'ghasr' (palace).
Pronouncing the 'r' too heavily.
Confusing it with 'kasreh' (the vowel).

Schwierigkeitsgrad

Lesen 3/5

Easy to recognize in texts once the root is known.

Schreiben 4/5

Requires knowledge of compound verb structures and ezāfe.

Sprechen 4/5

Must distinguish from 'kasreh' and use correctly in social idioms.

Hören 3/5

Clear pronunciation, but can be confused with similar sounding words.

Was du als Nächstes lernen solltest

Voraussetzungen

عدد پول کم بخش حقوق

Als Nächstes lernen

مخرج صورت تراز بودجه شأن

Fortgeschritten

انکسار استهلاک ترازنامه نقدینگی کرامت

Wichtige Grammatik

Compound Verbs with 'Kardan'

کسر + کردن = کسر کردن (To deduct)

Ezāfe Construction

کسرِ بودجه (Deficit of budget)

Passive Voice with 'Shodan'

مبلغ کسر شد (The amount was deducted)

Preposition 'Az' for Source

از حساب کسر شد (Deducted from the account)

Subjunctive for Necessity

باید کسر کنیم (We must deduct)

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Beispiele nach Niveau

این یک کسر است.

This is a fraction.

Simple subject-predicate structure.

او کسر را بلد است.

He knows [how to do] fractions.

Direct object usage.

یک کسر بنویس.

Write a fraction.

Imperative mood.

مبلغ کسر شد.

The amount was deducted.

Passive construction.

کسر یعنی چه؟

What does fraction mean?

Interrogative sentence.

من کسر را دوست ندارم.

I don't like fractions.

Negative present tense.

دو کسر داریم.

We have two fractions.

Plural noun usage.

این کسر بزرگ است.

This fraction is big.

Adjective modification.

بانک از پول من کسر کرد.

The bank deducted from my money.

Compound verb 'kasr kardan' with 'az'.

او کسر بودجه دارد.

He has a budget deficit.

Noun phrase 'kasr-e budjeh'.

این کسر را ساده کن.

Simplify this fraction.

Imperative of a compound verb.

آیا مبلغی کسر شده است؟

Has an amount been deducted?

Present perfect passive.

ما در انبار کسر داریم.

We have a shortage in the warehouse.

Locative 'dar anbar'.

او کسر شأن نمی‌بیند.

He doesn't see it as beneath his dignity.

Idiomatic usage of 'kasr-e sha'n'.

کسر حقوق من زیاد بود.

My salary deduction was a lot.

Possessive 'man' after the noun.

لطفاً این کسر را حساب کنید.

Please calculate this fraction.

Polite imperative.

دولت با کسر بودجه شدیدی روبرو است.

The government is facing a severe budget deficit.

Adjective 'shadid' (severe) modifying 'kasr-e budjeh'.

کمک به دیگران هرگز کسر شأن نیست.

Helping others is never beneath one's dignity.

Negative 'nist' (is not).

بابت دیرکرد، از نمره شما کسر می‌شود.

Due to lateness, [points] will be deducted from your grade.

Passive future/present continuous.

او به دلیل کسر خواب، تمرکز نداشت.

He lacked focus due to sleep deprivation.

Causal 'be dalil-e'.

باید کسرها را به مخرج مشترک برسانیم.

We must bring the fractions to a common denominator.

Modal 'bayad' + subjunctive.

در صورت کسر موجودی، با شما تماس می‌گیریم.

In case of a stock shortage, we will contact you.

Conditional 'dar surat-e'.

این کسر نشان‌دهنده نسبت سود است.

This fraction represents the profit ratio.

Participle 'neshan-dahandeh'.

او از این کار کسر شأن می‌آورد.

He feels this work is beneath him.

Idiomatic 'kasr-e sha'n avordan'.

کسر تراز تجاری باعث کاهش ارزش پول ملی شد.

The trade balance deficit caused the devaluation of the national currency.

Complex noun phrase as a subject.

مدیر اعلام کرد که هیچ کسر حقوقی در این ماه نخواهیم داشت.

The manager announced that we will have no salary deductions this month.

Reported speech with 'ke'.

برای حل این مسئله، باید کسر را در معکوسش ضرب کنی.

To solve this problem, you must multiply the fraction by its reciprocal.

Subjunctive 'zarb koni'.

او کسر شأن می‌دانست که در آن محله زندگی کند.

He considered it beneath his dignity to live in that neighborhood.

Past tense 'midanest' (considered).

گزارش حسابرسی نشان‌دهنده کسر فاحش در صندوق است.

The audit report indicates a gross deficit in the fund.

Adjective 'fahesh' (gross/obvious).

با کسر هزینه‌های جاری، سود خالص مشخص می‌شود.

By deducting current expenses, the net profit is determined.

Prepositional phrase 'ba kasr-e'.

او همیشه با کسر وقت برای مطالعه مواجه است.

He is always facing a shortage of time for studying.

Compound noun 'kasr-e vaght'.

کسر مالیات بر ارزش افزوده از فاکتور نهایی الزامی است.

Deducting VAT from the final invoice is mandatory.

Subjective 'elzami ast'.

تحلیل‌گران بر این باورند که کسر بودجه مزمن به تورم دامن می‌زند.

Analysts believe that chronic budget deficits fuel inflation.

Formal 'bar in bavarand' (believe).

او با کسر شأن دانستن کارهای یدی، فرصت‌های زیادی را از دست داد.

By considering manual labor beneath his dignity, he lost many opportunities.

Gerund-like 'danestan' usage.

در این فرمول، صورت کسر بیانگر متغیرهای مستقل است.

In this formula, the numerator of the fraction represents the independent variables.

Technical academic vocabulary.

کسر قابل توجهی از منابع آبی کشور به دلیل سوءمدیریت هدر می‌رود.

A significant fraction of the country's water resources is wasted due to mismanagement.

Passive 'hadar miravad'.

او کسر آورده نقدی شرکا را از محل سود سالیانه جبران کرد.

He compensated for the partners' cash contribution deficit from the annual profit.

Accounting terminology 'avordeh-ye naghdi'.

این کسر در واقع بازتابی از شکاف طبقاتی در جامعه است.

This fraction (metaphorical) is actually a reflection of the class gap in society.

Metaphorical usage.

با کسر حق بیمه و مالیات، دریافتی خالص او به شدت کاهش یافت.

After deducting insurance premiums and taxes, his net receipts decreased significantly.

Formal 'daryafti-ye khales'.

کسر حضور وی در جلسات به وجهه حرفه‌ای او آسیب زده است.

The shortage of his presence (absence) in meetings has damaged his professional image.

Abstract usage of 'kasr'.

تقلیل مفاهیم پیچیده به یک کسر ساده، از دقت علمی می‌کاهد.

Reducing complex concepts to a simple fraction (metaphor) diminishes scientific accuracy.

Formal 'taghlil' (reduction).

ساختار اقتصادی کشور از کسر ساختاری عمیقی رنج می‌برد.

The country's economic structure suffers from a deep structural deficit.

Advanced economic term 'kasr-e sakhtari'.

او بدون کسر شأن، به نقد منصفانه مخالفان خود گوش فرا داد.

Without feeling it beneath his dignity, he listened attentively to the fair criticism of his opponents.

Literary 'gush fara dad'.

در این منظومه فکری، انسان تنها کسری از حقیقت کل است.

In this philosophical system, man is but a fraction of the total truth.

Philosophical register.

کسر فاحش در تراز پرداخت‌ها، دولت را به استقراض خارجی واداشت.

The gross deficit in the balance of payments forced the government into foreign borrowing.

Causal 'vadhasht' (forced).

وی با کسر از سهم‌الارث خود، به خیریه کمک شایانی کرد.

By deducting from his inheritance share, he made a significant contribution to charity.

Legal term 'sahm-ol-ars'.

این کسر زمانی در تاریخ نگاری، منجر به سوءتعبیرهای فراوانی شده است.

This time gap (fraction of time) in historiography has led to many misinterpretations.

Academic 'historiography' context.

کسر شأن دانستن دیالوگ، بن‌بست سیاسی کنونی را رقم زده است.

Considering dialogue to be beneath one's dignity has shaped the current political deadlock.

Complex gerund phrase as a subject.

Häufige Kollokationen

کسر بودجه

کسر شأن

کسر حقوق

صورت کسر

مخرج کسر

کسر خواب

کسر موجودی

کسر کردن

کسر آوردن

کسر اعشاری

Häufige Phrasen

با کسرِ...

— With the deduction of... / Excluding...

با کسر مالیات، سود ما ناچیز است.

کسرِ شأن بودن

— To be beneath one's dignity.

برای من کسر شأن است که دروغ بگویم.

کسر آوردن در...

— To be short of something (usually money or time).

در وقت کسر آوردم و امتحان را تمام نکردم.

قابل کسر

— Deductible.

این هزینه‌ها از مالیات قابل کسر هستند.

بدون کسر

— Without deduction / In full.

حقوق را بدون کسر دریافت کرد.

کسر متعارفی

— Common fraction (e.g., 1/2).

در ابتدایی کسر متعارفی را یاد می‌گیریم.

کسر فاحش

— A gross/large deficit.

شرکت با کسر فاحش نقدینگی مواجه است.

کسر از حساب

— Deduction from the account.

پیامک کسر از حساب برایم آمد.

کسرِ ساعت

— Shortage of hours (usually at work).

او کسر ساعت داشت و جریمه شد.

به کسرِ...

— Short of... (referring to time).

ده دقیقه به کسرِ هشت (rare but exists).

Wird oft verwechselt mit

کسر vs کسره

Kasreh is the vowel 'e', Kasr is the noun fraction/deduction.

کسر vs قصر

Ghasr means palace; the 'Gh' sound is different from 'K'.

کسر vs کاستن

Kastan is a verb meaning 'to reduce'; Kasr is the noun.

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

"کسر شأن آوردن"

— To feel that something is a blow to one's pride or status.

او از سوار شدن به اتوبوس کسر شأن می‌آورد.

Neutral

"کسر آوردن"

— To run out of or be short of something necessary.

موقع خرید میوه، پول کسر آوردم.

Informal

"صورت و مخرجش یکی بودن"

— Literally 'numerator and denominator being one,' meaning something is balanced or equal (rare, mathematical idiom).

این معامله صورت و مخرجش یکی است.

Technical/Metaphorical

"از سر و ته چیزی کسر کردن"

— To cut corners or reduce something from both ends.

او از سر و ته بودجه کسر کرد تا پروژه تمام شود.

Informal

"کسرِ بودجه داشتن"

— To be broke or have less money than needed.

این ماه کسر بودجه دارم و نمی‌توانم به سفر بیایم.

Informal

"کسرِ خواب داشتن"

— To be sleep-deprived.

چشم‌هایش قرمز بود چون کسر خواب داشت.

Neutral

"به کسرِ احترام"

— With all due respect (often used ironically or formally before a critique).

به کسر احترام، نظر شما اشتباه است.

Formal

"کسر از اعتبار"

— A loss of credit or reputation.

این اشتباه باعث کسر از اعتبار شرکت شد.

Formal

"مبلغ کسر شده"

— The 'broken' amount (the part taken away).

مبلغ کسر شده به حساب برنگشت.

Neutral

"کسرِ خدمت"

— Reduction in military service time (very common in Iran).

او به خاطر پروژه‌اش کسر خدمت گرفت.

Neutral

Leicht verwechselbar

کسر vs کمبود

Both mean shortage.

Kambud is a general scarcity (e.g., water), while Kasr is a numerical deficit (e.g., budget).

کمبود گندم (Wheat shortage) vs کسر بودجه (Budget deficit).

کسر vs نقصان

Both mean a reduction/loss.

Noghsan is often qualitative or a flaw, Kasr is quantitative.

نقصان در عقل (Flaw in intellect) vs کسر در حساب (Deficit in account).

کسر vs تخفیف

Both involve paying less.

Takhfif is a voluntary discount, Kasr is a mandatory deduction.

تخفیف فروشگاه (Store discount) vs کسر مالیات (Tax deduction).

کسر vs منها

Both relate to subtraction.

Menha is the operator 'minus', Kasr is the result or the fraction itself.

ده منها دو (10 minus 2) vs کسر یک دوم (The fraction 1/2).

کسر vs قطعه

Both mean a part.

Ghete' is a physical piece, Kasr is a mathematical or abstract part.

قطعه یدکی (Spare part) vs کسر کوچکی از جامعه (A small fraction of society).

Satzmuster

این [Noun] کسر است.

این عدد کسر است.

من [Noun] کسر کردم.

من پول کسر کردم.

[Something] کسرِ شأن است.

دروغ گفتن کسر شأن است.

به دلیل [Reason]، از [Noun] کسر شد.

به دلیل غیبت، از حقوق کسر شد.

دولت با کسرِ [Noun] مواجه است.

دولت با کسر بودجه مواجه است.

با کسرِ [Amount]، باقی‌مانده [Result] است.

با کسر مالیات، باقی‌مانده سود خالص است.

کسرِ [Abstract Noun] منجر به [Result] شد.

کسر خواب منجر به تصادف شد.

کسر شأن دانستنِ [Action]، مانعِ [Result] است.

کسر شأن دانستنِ عذرخواهی، مانعِ دوستی است.

Wortfamilie

Substantive

Verben

Adjektive

Verwandt

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So verwendest du es

frequency

High in educational, financial, and news contexts.

Häufige Fehler

Using 'kasr' for physical breaking. → Use 'shekasteh' or 'shekastan'.
Even though the root means break, 'kasr' is for math and finance. You don't 'kasr' a glass.
Confusing 'kasr' with 'kasreh'. → Kasr = Fraction; Kasreh = Vowel 'e'.
They sound similar but have very different grammatical functions.
Omitting 'az' in 'kasr kardan'. → Mablagh ra *az* hesab kasr kon.
Without 'az', the sentence is grammatically incomplete in Persian.
Using 'kasr' for a discount. → Use 'takhfif'.
'Kasr' is a deduction (like tax), 'takhfif' is a discount (like a sale).
Adding a vowel: 'kas-ar'. → Kasr (one syllable).
Do not insert an extra vowel sound between the 's' and 'r'.

Tipps

Using 'Az' with Kasr

Always remember to use the preposition 'az' (from) when talking about what you are deducting from. 'Az hoquq-am kasr shod' (It was deducted from my salary).

Dignity Matters

The phrase 'kasr-e sha'n' is a powerful way to understand Iranian social boundaries. If someone refuses a task, they might feel it is 'kasr-e sha'n.' Respect this boundary.

Math Terms

Learn 'surat' (numerator) and 'makhraj' (denominator) along with 'kasr' to talk about math effectively in Persian.

Check Your Receipts

Look for the word 'kasr' on your Iranian bank statements or receipts to see what fees have been taken out.

Sleep Shortage

Use 'kasr-e khab' to tell your friends why you are tired. It sounds more natural than just saying you didn't sleep.

Economic News

When you hear 'kasr' on the news, it almost always refers to a budget or trade deficit. Pay attention to the word that follows it.

The 'R' sound

Make sure your 'r' at the end of 'kasr' is a quick tap, not a long trill or a soft English 'r'.

Formal Reports

In reports, use 'kasri' (shortage) as a noun to describe missing items in an inventory.

Kasr Avordan

Use 'kasr avordam' as a quick way to say 'I'm short on money' in an informal setting.

Kasr vs Kahesh

Use 'kasr' for a specific amount taken away and 'kahesh' for a general drop in level.

Einprägen

Eselsbrücke

Think of a 'CAST' on a broken leg. 'Kasr' sounds like 'Cast' and it means 'break' or 'fraction' (a broken part).

Visuelle Assoziation

Imagine a large Persian flatbread (Sangak) being broken into small 'fractions' to be shared. That 'break' is a 'Kasr.'

Word Web

Math Money Dignity Shortage Break Deduction Numerator Denominator

Herausforderung

Try to use 'kasr' in three different ways today: once for a math problem, once for a money deduction, and once for 'kasr-e sha'n'.

Wortherkunft

The word originates from the Arabic root K-S-R (ک-س-ر), which fundamentally means 'to break.' It was borrowed into Persian along with many other mathematical and administrative terms during the Islamic Golden Age.

Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: To break or to fracture something solid.

Semitic (Arabic root) integrated into Indo-European (Persian).

Kultureller Kontext

Be careful using 'kasr-e sha'n' about others, as it can sound elitist or judgmental if used incorrectly.

In English, we say 'beneath me' or 'below my dignity.' The Persian 'kasr-e sha'n' uses the mathematical concept of 'deduction' to express this same loss of height in social standing.

Mathematics textbooks in Iran (all levels). Economic reports from the Central Bank of Iran. Classical poetry by Rumi (metaphorical uses of breaking).

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

Mathematics Class

ساده کردن کسر
جمع کسرها
مخرج مشترک
کسر بزرگتر از واحد

Banking

کسر از موجودی
کارمزد کسر شد
مبلغ کسر شده
تراکنش ناموفق با کسر وجه

Workplace

کسر حقوق
کسر ساعت کاری
مرخصی کسر شده
کسر بیمه

Social Status

کسر شأن
حفظ ظاهر
بی‌احترامی
کاهش اعتبار

Shopping

پول کسر آوردن
تخفیف کسر شد
باقی‌مانده کسر
کسری کالا

Gesprächseinstiege

"آیا تا به حال در مدیریت بودجه کسر آورده‌اید؟"

"به نظر شما چه کارهایی برای یک مدیر کسر شأن است؟"

"چگونه می‌توان کسر بودجه یک شرکت را جبران کرد؟"

"آیا در دوران مدرسه در درس کسرها مشکل داشتید؟"

"بهترین راه برای جبران کسر خواب چیست؟"

Tagebuch-Impulse

درباره زمانی بنویسید که احساس کردید کاری برایتان کسر شأن است اما آن را انجام دادید.

تجربه خود را از یک کسر بودجه شخصی و نحوه مدیریت آن توصیف کنید.

چرا یادگیری کسرها در ریاضیات برای زندگی روزمره مهم است؟

آیا تا به حال از حساب بانکی شما مبلغی به اشتباه کسر شده است؟ چه کردید؟

نقش کسر شأن در روابط اجتماعی ایرانیان را تحلیل کنید.

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

No, while it is the primary word for 'fraction' in math, it is also widely used in finance for 'deductions' and 'deficits,' and socially for things 'beneath one's dignity' (kasr-e sha'n).

They share the same root, but 'kasr' is the noun for fraction/deduction, while 'kasreh' is specifically the name of the short vowel 'e' (ـِ) in Persian grammar.

You say 'kasr-e budjeh' (کسر بودجه). It is a very common term in Iranian news.

Technically, a discount 'deducts' from the price, but the specific word for a store discount is 'takhfif.' Using 'kasr' might sound a bit too formal or technical in a shop.

It means 'a deduction of dignity.' It is used when an action is considered beneath someone's social status or reputation. For example, 'It is kasr-e sha'n for him to clean the floor.'

You can say 'kasr-e yek dovvom' (the fraction of one second), but usually people just say 'yek dovvom' or 'nim' (half).

It is neutral to formal. In math and finance, it's standard. In colloquial speech, 'kasr avordan' is common for running short of money.

The plural is 'kasr-ha' (کسرها). In formal Arabic-style Persian, you might occasionally see 'kosur' (کسور), but 'kasr-ha' is more common.

Its root means 'to break,' but in modern Persian, the word for 'broken' is 'shekasteh.' 'Kasr' is the noun for the result of that breaking (a fraction).

No, it is a noun. To make it a verb, you must add 'kardan' (to do/make) to form 'kasr kardan' (to deduct).

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