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राज्य

A2 noun #1,500 am häufigsten 8 Min. Lesezeit

राज्य

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At the A1 level, 'Rajya' is introduced as a basic noun to identify where someone lives. Learners learn it in the context of 'Mera Rajya' (My state). The focus is on simple identification and naming. You might learn that India has many 'Rajya' and be able to name your own. The grammar is kept simple, focusing on the singular form and basic possessive adjectives like 'Mera' (my) or 'Aapka' (your). It is treated as a simple vocabulary word for a 'place' or 'state'.

At the A2 level, learners begin to use 'Rajya' in more descriptive sentences. You can talk about the size of a state ('Bada Rajya'), its capital ('Rajya ki rajdhani'), and basic facts about it. You start to understand that 'Rajya' is masculine. You can form sentences like 'I like my state' or 'My state is beautiful.' You also begin to see the word in simple news headlines or on maps. The distinction between 'Desh' (country) and 'Rajya' (state) becomes clearer at this stage.

At the B1 level, the usage of 'Rajya' expands into the administrative and social sphere. You can discuss 'Rajya Sarkar' (State Government) and understand its role in providing services like education or health. You learn the oblique plural 'Rajyon' and can use it with postpositions ('Rajyon mein', 'Rajyon se'). You can participate in conversations about traveling to different states and compare them using 'Rajya'. You also encounter the word in historical stories where it means 'kingdom'.

At the B2 level, 'Rajya' is used in more complex political and economic discussions. You can talk about 'Rajya ki arthvyavastha' (state economy), 'Rajya ke kanoon' (state laws), and federalism. You understand the nuances between 'Rajya' and 'Pradesh'. You can read newspaper articles about state-level politics and summarize them. You also start to use 'Rajya' in its verbal form 'Rajya karna' (to rule) when discussing history or leadership in a more sophisticated way.

At the C1 level, 'Rajya' is understood as a formal political science term. You can discuss the 'State' as an abstract concept involving sovereignty and governance. You can analyze the relationship between the 'Kendra' (Center) and 'Rajya' (State) in a federal structure. You are comfortable with academic texts that use 'Rajya' to describe historical empires and their administrative systems. Your vocabulary includes related formal terms like 'Rajyaniti' (statecraft/politics) and 'Rajyadhikar' (state rights).

At the C2 level, you have a complete mastery of 'Rajya' in all its dimensions—historical, political, legal, and literary. You can engage in deep philosophical debates about the 'Ideal State' (Adarsh Rajya) or 'Ram Rajya'. You understand the etymological roots and how they influence modern usage. You can use 'Rajya' metaphorically in high literature and poetry. You can interpret complex legal documents where 'Rajya' is defined precisely in constitutional terms. You are sensitive to the subtle connotations the word carries in different Indian languages and dialects.

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Rajya is the standard Hindi word for 'state' or 'kingdom', used in both modern administrative and historical contexts.
It is a masculine noun, remaining 'Rajya' in plural but changing to 'Rajyon' in the oblique plural case.
While 'Pradesh' also means region/state, 'Rajya' is the formal political term used in the Indian Constitution.
Commonly heard in 'Rajya Sabha' (Council of States) and 'Rajya Sarkar' (State Government) in daily news.

The Hindi word राज्य (Rājya) is a multifaceted noun that serves as the primary term for 'state,' 'kingdom,' or 'realm.' Derived from the Sanskrit root 'Raj' (to rule), it encompasses both the geographical territory and the political entity that governs it. In modern contexts, it most frequently refers to the constituent states of a federation, such as the states of India (e.g., Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra). Historically, however, it evokes the grandeur of ancient monarchies and empires, where a 'Rajya' was the sovereign domain of a King (Raja). Understanding 'Rajya' requires distinguishing between its administrative use in a democracy and its romanticized use in historical epics like the Ramayana or Mahabharata.

Administrative Entity: In the Constitution of India, 'Rajya' is used to denote the various states that make up the Union. It is the level of government below the 'Kendra' (Center).

भारत में अट्ठाईस राज्य हैं। (There are twenty-eight states in India.)

Historical Realm: When reading history or mythology, 'Rajya' refers to a kingdom. For example, 'Ashoka ka Rajya' refers to the Empire or Kingdom of Ashoka.

राजा ने अपने राज्य की सीमाओं का विस्तार किया। (The king expanded the boundaries of his kingdom.)

Governance and Rule: The word also implies the act of ruling or the period of a reign. 'Rajya karna' means to rule or to govern.

अकबर ने कई वर्षों तक राज्य किया। (Akbar ruled for many years.)

राम राज्य को आदर्श शासन माना जाता है। (Ram Rajya is considered the ideal governance.)

इस राज्य की राजधानी बहुत सुंदर है। (The capital of this state is very beautiful.)

Furthermore, 'Rajya' is used in compound words like 'Rajyabhishek' (coronation) and 'Rajyadhani' (capital city, though 'Rajdhani' is more common). It carries a sense of formality and institutional weight that words like 'jagah' (place) or 'ilaaka' (area) lack. When you use 'Rajya', you are speaking about an organized political entity with its own laws, borders, and authority. In the context of the Indian Parliament, the 'Rajya Sabha' is the 'Council of States,' highlighting the word's role in defining the federal structure of the nation.

Using राज्य (Rājya) correctly involves understanding its grammatical properties and its collocation with other words. It is a masculine noun. In its singular form, it remains 'राज्य'. In the plural form, when not followed by a postposition, it remains 'राज्य'. However, in the oblique plural (when followed by postpositions like 'mein', 'se', 'ka'), it changes to 'राज्यों' (Rājyon).

Grammatical Gender: Masculine. Adjectives and verbs must agree. Example: 'Bada Rajya' (Big State), not 'Badi Rajya'.

यह एक समृद्ध राज्य है। (This is a prosperous state.)

Pluralization: Singular: Rajya. Plural: Rajya. Oblique Plural: Rajyon. Example: 'Rajyon ki seema' (The border of the states).

विभिन्न राज्यों के बीच व्यापार बढ़ रहा है। (Trade between various states is increasing.)

Common Verb Pairings: 'Rajya karna' (to rule), 'Rajya chalana' (to govern/run a state), 'Rajya ka gathan' (formation of a state).

सरकार अच्छी तरह से राज्य चला रही है। (The government is running the state well.)

नया राज्य बनाने की मांग उठ रही है। (The demand to create a new state is rising.)

वह अपने राज्य का गौरव है। (He is the pride of his state.)

In formal writing, especially in news and legal documents, 'Rajya' is used to define jurisdiction. For instance, 'Rajya Sarkar' (State Government) is the standard term for the governing body of an Indian state. In a broader philosophical or political sense, 'Rajya' can refer to 'The State' as an institution of power, similar to how 'The State' is used in political science to describe the four elements: population, territory, government, and sovereignty. When discussing international relations in Hindi, 'Rajya' might also be used to refer to nation-states in a technical context.

You will encounter राज्य (Rājya) in a variety of settings, ranging from the evening news to historical dramas. Its presence is ubiquitous in any discussion involving geography, politics, or history. Because India is a union of states, the word is part of the daily vocabulary of every citizen. Whether it's discussing state taxes, state borders, or state festivals, 'Rajya' is the anchor word.

News and Media: News anchors frequently use 'Rajya' when reporting on regional developments, elections, or government policies.

आज राज्य विधानसभा के चुनाव हो रहे हैं। (Today, the state assembly elections are being held.)

Historical Contexts: In movies, books, or documentaries about India's past, 'Rajya' is used to describe the kingdoms of the Rajputs, Marathas, Mughals, and others.

महाराणा प्रताप ने अपने राज्य की रक्षा की। (Maharana Pratap protected his kingdom.)

Legal and Official Documents: Official forms, identity cards, and government notices always use 'Rajya' to specify the state of residence or jurisdiction.

कृपया अपने राज्य का नाम लिखें। (Please write the name of your state.)

यह राज्य सरकार के अधीन है। (This is under the state government.)

पड़ोसी राज्यों के साथ हमारे संबंध अच्छे हैं। (Our relations with neighboring states are good.)

In educational settings, students learn about 'Rajya' in Civics (Nagrik Shastra) and History (Itihas). In literature, 'Rajya' often symbolizes more than just land; it represents the responsibility of a leader toward their people. For example, 'Raj-dharma' is the duty of a ruler toward the 'Rajya'. Thus, you hear the word in philosophical discussions about ethics and leadership as well. In everyday conversation, if someone asks 'Aap kis rajya se hain?' (Which state are you from?), they are using the most common modern application of the word.

While राज्य (Rājya) is a common word, learners often make specific errors regarding its scope, gender, and synonyms. One of the most frequent mistakes is confusing 'Rajya' with 'Desh' (Country) or 'Rashtra' (Nation). While all three relate to political entities, they operate at different scales. Another common error involves the plural oblique form, where learners forget to change 'Rajya' to 'Rajyon' when using postpositions.

Confusing Rajya and Desh: Mistake: Calling India a 'Rajya' in a general conversation. Correction: India is a 'Desh' (Country). Uttar Pradesh is a 'Rajya' (State).

गलत: भारत एक बड़ा राज्य है। (Incorrect in general context)
सही: भारत एक बड़ा देश है। (Correct)

Gender Agreement: Mistake: Using feminine adjectives. 'Rajya' is masculine. Don't say 'Achhi Rajya'. Say 'Achha Rajya'.

गलत: यह एक बड़ी राज्य है।
सही: यह एक बड़ा राज्य है।

Rajya vs. Pradesh: While often interchangeable, 'Pradesh' is more geographical. 'Rajya' is more political/administrative. Using 'Rajya' for a small district is a mistake.

सभी राज्यों के मुख्यमंत्रियों की बैठक हुई। (Meeting of Chief Ministers of all states.)

वह राज्य के मामलों में हस्तक्षेप नहीं करता। (He doesn't interfere in the affairs of the state.)

इस राज्य की जनसंख्या बहुत अधिक है। (The population of this state is very high.)

Another nuance is the use of 'Rajya' in the sense of 'rule'. If you say 'Mera Rajya', it could mean 'My State' (where I live) or 'My Rule' (if you are a king). In modern contexts, it almost always means the former. However, in metaphorical speech, like 'Bachon ka rajya' (the reign of children), it means they are in control. Be careful with the context to avoid sounding like you are claiming ownership of a territory when you just mean you live there!

Hindi has several words that overlap with राज्य (Rājya), each with its own specific flavor and context. Understanding these differences is key to achieving fluency and precision in your speech. The most common synonyms and related terms include 'Pradesh', 'Riyasat', 'Sultanat', and 'Rashtra'. While they all relate to territory or governance, their historical and political connotations vary significantly.

Rajya vs. Pradesh: 'Rajya' is the formal political 'State'. 'Pradesh' literally means 'region' or 'province'. In the names of Indian states (e.g., Madhya Pradesh), 'Pradesh' is used, but the category they belong to is 'Rajya'.

हिमाचल प्रदेश एक पहाड़ी राज्य है। (Himachal Pradesh is a mountainous state.)

Rajya vs. Riyasat: 'Riyasat' (Urdu origin) refers specifically to a 'Princely State' or a 'Fiefdom'. It has a more feudal or historical feel compared to the modern 'Rajya'.

आजादी से पहले भारत में कई रियासतें थीं। (Before independence, there were many princely states in India.)

Rajya vs. Rashtra: 'Rashtra' means 'Nation'. It refers to the people, culture, and spirit of a country. 'Rajya' is the political structure. A 'Rashtra' can have many 'Rajya'.

हमें अपने राष्ट्र के प्रति वफादार होना चाहिए। (We should be loyal to our nation.)

मुगल साम्राज्य बहुत विशाल था। (The Mughal Empire was very vast. - 'Samrajya' means Empire.)

यह क्षेत्र कृषि के लिए प्रसिद्ध है। (This region is famous for agriculture. - 'Kshetra' means region/area.)

In summary, while 'Rajya' is your go-to word for 'State' in a political or historical sense, use 'Pradesh' for geographical regions, 'Rashtra' for the nation as a whole, 'Samrajya' for an empire, and 'Riyasat' for historical princely states. Choosing the right word depends on whether you are talking about the law (Rajya), the land (Pradesh), or the people (Rashtra).

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यह मेरा राज्य है।

This is my state.

Simple demonstrative sentence.

आपके राज्य का नाम क्या है?

What is the name of your state?

Interrogative sentence with possessive 'Aapke'.

मेरा राज्य बहुत बड़ा है।

My state is very big.

Adjective 'Bada' agrees with masculine 'Rajya'.

वह किस राज्य में रहता है?

In which state does he live?

Use of 'mein' (in) with 'Rajya'.

यह एक सुंदर राज्य है।

This is a beautiful state.

Adjective 'Sundar' is used.

भारत में कई राज्य हैं।

There are many states in India.

Plural 'Rajya' (uninflected).

मुझे अपना राज्य पसंद है।

I like my state.

Use of 'Pasand' (like).

यह राज्य छोटा है।

This state is small.

Adjective 'Chhota' agrees with masculine 'Rajya'.

मेरे राज्य की राजधानी दिल्ली है।

The capital of my state is Delhi.

Possessive 'ki' agrees with feminine 'Rajdhani'.

क्या आप इस राज्य से हैं?

Are you from this state?

Use of 'se' (from).

इस राज्य में बहुत लोग रहते हैं।

Many people live in this state.

Quantifier 'Bahut' with 'Log'.

राज्य की भाषा हिंदी है।

The language of the state is Hindi.

Possessive 'ki' with feminine 'Bhasha'.

हम दूसरे राज्य जा रहे हैं।

We are going to another state.

Present continuous tense.

यह राज्य खेती के लिए अच्छा है।

This state is good for farming.

Use of 'ke liye' (for).

राजा का राज्य बहुत पुराना था।

The king's kingdom was very old.

Historical use of 'Rajya'.

राज्य के नियम सरल हैं।

The rules of the state are simple.

Plural 'Niyam' (rules).

राज्य सरकार ने नई नीति घोषित की है।

The state government has announced a new policy.

Compound noun 'Rajya Sarkar'.

विभिन्न राज्यों के बीच पानी का विवाद है।

There is a water dispute between different states.

Oblique plural 'Rajyon'.

वह राज्य की राजनीति में सक्रिय है।

He is active in state politics.

Feminine 'Rajneeti' (politics).

राज्य के विकास के लिए धन की आवश्यकता है।

Money is needed for the development of the state.

Masculine 'Vikas' (development).

अकबर ने एक विशाल राज्य पर शासन किया।

Akbar ruled over a vast kingdom.

Use of 'par' (over/on).

राज्य की सीमा पर सुरक्षा बढ़ा दी गई है।

Security has been increased on the state border.

Feminine 'Seema' (border).

हर राज्य की अपनी संस्कृति होती है।

Every state has its own culture.

Feminine 'Sanskriti' (culture).

राज्य के नागरिकों को अधिकार मिलते हैं।

The citizens of the state get rights.

Masculine 'Nagrik' (citizens).

राज्य की अर्थव्यवस्था कृषि पर आधारित है।

The state's economy is based on agriculture.

Feminine 'Arthvyavastha' (economy).

संविधान में राज्यों के अधिकारों का वर्णन है।

The rights of states are described in the constitution.

Oblique plural 'Rajyon'.

राज्य के भीतर आंतरिक शांति बनाए रखना जरूरी है।

It is necessary to maintain internal peace within the state.

Compound postposition 'ke bhitar'.

शिक्षा राज्य सूची का विषय है।

Education is a subject of the state list.

Technical term 'Rajya Suchi'.

राज्य के पुनर्गठन की प्रक्रिया जटिल थी।

The process of reorganization of the state was complex.

Masculine 'Punargathan' (reorganization).

राज्य को आत्मनिर्भर बनाने के प्रयास जारी हैं।

Efforts to make the state self-reliant are ongoing.

Adjective 'Aatmanirbhar'.

राज्य की विधानसभा में बजट पेश किया गया।

The budget was presented in the state assembly.

Feminine 'Vidhan Sabha'.

राज्य के कानून सभी पर लागू होते हैं।

The laws of the state apply to everyone.

Masculine 'Kanoon' (law).

राज्य की संप्रभुता सर्वोपरि है।

The sovereignty of the state is paramount.

Feminine 'Samprabhuta' (sovereignty).

कल्याणकारी राज्य की अवधारणा आधुनिक है।

The concept of a welfare state is modern.

Compound 'Kalyankari Rajya'.

राज्य और व्यक्ति के बीच के संबंधों का विश्लेषण करें।

Analyze the relationship between the state and the individual.

Masculine 'Sambandh' (relationship).

राज्य की सत्ता का विकेंद्रीकरण आवश्यक है।

Decentralization of state power is necessary.

Masculine 'Vikendrikaran' (decentralization).

मैकियावेली ने राज्य के सिद्धांतों पर विस्तार से लिखा है।

Machiavelli wrote extensively on the principles of the state.

Masculine 'Siddhant' (principles).

राज्य की वैधता उसके नागरिकों की सहमति पर निर्भर करती है।

The legitimacy of the state depends on the consent of its citizens.

Feminine 'Vaidhta' (legitimacy).

संघीय ढांचे में राज्यों की स्वायत्तता महत्वपूर्ण है।

Autonomy of states is important in a federal structure.

Feminine 'Swayattata' (autonomy).

राज्य के दमनकारी तंत्र के खिलाफ आवाज उठाना।

Raising voice against the repressive machinery of the state.

Masculine 'Tantra' (machinery/system).

राज्य की दार्शनिक मीमांसा अत्यंत गूढ़ है।

The philosophical inquiry into the state is very profound.

Feminine 'Mimansa' (inquiry/analysis).

प्लेटो के 'रिपब्लिक' में आदर्श राज्य का चित्रण है।

Plato's 'Republic' depicts the ideal state.

Masculine 'Chitran' (depiction).

राज्य की नियति उसके नेतृत्व की दूरदर्शिता पर टिकी है।

The destiny of the state rests on the foresight of its leadership.

Feminine 'Niyati' (destiny).

राज्य के अस्तित्व का प्रयोजन लोक-कल्याण है।

The purpose of the state's existence is public welfare.

Masculine 'Prayojan' (purpose).

राज्य की सीमाओं का अतिक्रमण युद्ध का कारण बन सकता है।

Encroachment on state borders can lead to war.

Masculine 'Atikraman' (encroachment).

राज्य की विधिक संरचना अत्यंत सुदृढ़ होनी चाहिए।

The legal structure of the state should be very robust.

Feminine 'Sanrachna' (structure).

राज्य के नैतिक आधारों की उपेक्षा विनाशकारी हो सकती है।

Neglecting the moral foundations of the state can be disastrous.

Masculine 'Aadhar' (foundations).

राज्य की कार्यप्रणाली में पारदर्शिता अनिवार्य है।

Transparency is mandatory in the functioning of the state.

Feminine 'Karyapranali' (functioning).

Häufige Kollokationen

राज्य सरकार (State Government)

राज्य विधानसभा (State Assembly)

राज्य की राजधानी (State Capital)

राज्य का बजट (State Budget)

पड़ोसी राज्य (Neighboring State)

नया राज्य (New State)

कल्याणकारी राज्य (Welfare State)

राज्य की सीमा (State Border)

राज्य का गठन (Formation of State)

राज्य का शासन (Rule of the State)

Häufige Phrasen

राज्य करना (To rule)

राज्य चलाना (To govern)

राज्य छोड़ना (To abdicate/leave the state)

राज्य में शांति (Peace in the state)

राज्य का विकास (Development of the state)

राज्य की सेवा (Service to the state)

राज्य का कानून (Law of the state)

राज्य की जनता (People of the state)

राज्य का हिस्सा (Part of the state)

राज्य का गौरव (Pride of the state)

Wird oft verwechselt mit

राज्य vs देश (Desh)

Desh is the whole country; Rajya is a part of it.

राज्य vs राष्ट्र (Rashtra)

Rashtra is the nation/people; Rajya is the political entity.

राज्य vs शहर (Shahar)

Shahar is a city; Rajya is the entire state.

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

Leicht verwechselbar

राज्य vs

Satzmuster

So verwendest du es

nuance

In technical political science, 'Rajya' can mean the abstract 'State' (the institution), while in common parlance it's a 'province'.

avoid confusion

Don't confuse 'Rajya' with 'Raj' (Rule/Reign).

Häufige Fehler

Tipps

Gender Agreement

Always remember that Rajya is masculine. If you are describing a state, use masculine adjectives. For example, say 'Samriddh Rajya' (Prosperous State) instead of 'Samriddhī Rajya'.

Pradesh vs Rajya

While 'Pradesh' is common in names, 'Rajya' is the word you'll see on official forms and in news reports about state rights. Use 'Rajya' when being formal.

Historical Context

When watching historical dramas, pay attention to how 'Rajya' is used. It often implies the entire domain and the power of the ruler, not just the land.

Plural Usage

Don't say 'Rajye' for plural. The plural is just 'Rajya'. Only use 'Rajyon' when a word like 'mein', 'ka', or 'se' follows it.

Compound Words

Learn compound words like 'Rajyapal' (Governor) and 'Rajyadhani' (Capital) to sound more fluent. These are all built from the root 'Rajya'.

News Keywords

If you hear 'Rajya' on the news, the reporter is likely talking about regional politics, state elections, or a conflict between a state and the central government.

The 'Raj' Connection

Associate 'Rajya' with the word 'Raj' (Rule). A 'Rajya' is the place where 'Raj' (ruling) happens. This makes the meaning easy to recall.

Scale Matters

Use 'Rajya' for the middle level of government. 'Desh' is the top level (Country), 'Rajya' is the middle (State), and 'Zila' is the bottom (District).

Ram Rajya

Use the term 'Ram Rajya' when you want to describe a place that is perfectly managed or very peaceful. It's a very common cultural reference.

Identity

When meeting people from India, asking 'Aap kis rajya se hain?' is a great way to start a conversation about their specific culture and language.

Einprägen

Visuelle Assoziation

Imagine a map of India with its 28 puzzle pieces, each piece is a 'Rajya'.

Wortherkunft

Sanskrit

Kultureller Kontext

People often identify themselves by their state (e.g., 'Main Punjab se hoon').

Many states have their own 'Rajya Diwas' (Statehood Day) celebrated with great fervor.

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

Gesprächseinstiege

"आप किस राज्य से हैं?"

"आपके राज्य की सबसे प्रसिद्ध चीज़ क्या है?"

"क्या आप कभी दूसरे राज्य में रहे हैं?"

"आपके राज्य की राजधानी कौन सी है?"

"क्या आपको अपने राज्य का खाना पसंद है?"

Tagebuch-Impulse

अपने राज्य के बारे में पाँच वाक्य लिखें।

अगर आप एक राज्य के राजा होते, तो आप क्या करते?

किसी ऐसे राज्य के बारे में लिखें जहाँ आप घूमना चाहते हैं।

राज्य और देश के बीच क्या अंतर है? समझाएं।

आपके राज्य की सबसे बड़ी समस्या क्या है?

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

Rajya is the formal political term for 'State'. Pradesh means 'region' or 'province'. In the names of Indian states like 'Uttar Pradesh', Pradesh is used as a proper noun component, but the administrative category is Rajya. You can use them interchangeably in many casual contexts, but Rajya is more official.

Rajya is a masculine noun. This means you use masculine adjectives like 'bada' (big) or 'sundar' (beautiful) and masculine verb forms. For example, 'Mera rajya' (My state) and 'Rajya achha hai' (The state is good).

The plural of Rajya is also Rajya in the direct case (e.g., 'Bharat mein 28 rajya hain'). However, if you use a postposition like 'in' or 'of', it becomes 'Rajyon' (e.g., 'Rajyon mein' - in the states).

Yes, Rajya is the primary word for kingdom in historical and mythological contexts. For example, 'Maharaja ka rajya' means the King's kingdom. In modern times, it has shifted to mean an administrative state.

The Rajya Sabha is the 'Council of States', which is the upper house of the Parliament of India. It represents the interests of the various states at the federal level.

Rashtra refers to the 'Nation'—the cultural and emotional identity of the people. Rajya refers to the 'State'—the political and administrative structure. A Rashtra can be composed of many Rajyas.

Yes, because it is derived from Sanskrit, the word 'Rajya' or its variations are used in many Indian languages like Marathi, Gujarati, Bengali, and Kannada with similar meanings.

Ram Rajya refers to the reign of Lord Rama, which is considered the ideal state where there is justice, prosperity, and happiness for everyone. It is often used as a metaphor for perfect governance.

No, Rajya is much larger than a city. For a city, use 'Shahar' or 'Nagar'. Rajya contains many cities.

Rajya Sarkar means 'State Government'. It is the body that governs a specific state in India, led by a Chief Minister.