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B1 noun 8 Min. Lesezeit

病名

byoumei

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At the A1 level, you only need to know that '病名' (Byōmei) means 'the name of a sickness.' It combines 'Byō' (sick) and 'Mei' (name). You might see it on a simple hospital form. If you are sick, the doctor will tell you the 'Byōmei.' For example, 'Influenza' is a 'Byōmei.' Don't worry about hard grammar yet; just remember it as one word for 'diagnosis name.'

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At the A2 level, you can start using '病名' in simple sentences. You might hear a doctor say, 'Byōmei ga wakarimashita' (We know the name of the illness). You should understand that it is different from 'symptoms' (shōjō). Symptoms are things like 'fever' or 'cough,' but '病名' is the official name like 'Asthma' or 'Cold.' You can use it when talking about why you were absent from school or work.

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At the B1 level, you should be able to use '病名' in more complex social and professional situations. You'll understand phrases like 'Byōmei o fuseru' (to keep the diagnosis private) or 'Byōmei o kokuchi suru' (to inform the patient of the diagnosis). You should also be aware of the importance of this word in medical certificates (shindansho) and insurance. This level requires understanding the nuance between formal medical terms and casual talk.

At the B2 level, you should understand '病名' in the context of news reports, medical dramas, and legal discussions. You can discuss the ethics of disclosing a '病名' to a patient's family versus the patient themselves. You should also be comfortable with compound words like '精神病名' (mental illness name) or '正式病名' (official disease name) and use them correctly in written Japanese.

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At the C1 level, you are expected to understand the technical and administrative nuances of '病名.' This includes knowing that in insurance contexts, it's often called '傷病名' (shōbyō-mei). You can follow complex discussions about medical classification systems (like ICD-10) and how '病名' are assigned to new conditions. You should be able to write formal reports or essays discussing medical privacy laws regarding '病名' disclosure.

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At the C2 level, you possess a native-like grasp of '病名.' You can analyze the sociolinguistic impact of 'naming' a disease—how a '病名' can lead to stigma or, conversely, provide validation for a patient's experience. You can navigate high-level medical literature, legal statutes, and philosophical debates about the categorization of human suffering into specific '病名.' Your usage is precise, professional, and culturally sensitive.

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病名 in 30 Sekunden

病名 (Byōmei) means 'disease name' or 'diagnosis' in Japanese medical and formal contexts.
It is a compound of 'illness' and 'name,' used primarily in clinics, hospitals, and insurance.
Commonly paired with verbs like 'identified' (判明する) or 'disclosed' (告知する) to patients.
Essential for official documents like medical certificates (診断書) and insurance claims in Japan.

The Japanese word 病名 (びょうめい - Byōmei) is a compound noun formed from two kanji: 病 (byō) meaning 'illness' or 'disease,' and 名 (mei) meaning 'name.' Literally translated, it means 'disease name.' In a clinical or daily context, it refers to the specific medical identification of a condition—the diagnosis provided by a healthcare professional. While English speakers might simply ask, 'What do I have?' or 'What is the diagnosis?', Japanese speakers use 病名 to refer to the formal title of the ailment recorded in medical charts or discussed during a consultation.

Clinical Setting: In hospitals, doctors use this term when discussing the official classification of a patient's health status. It is the label required for insurance billing and prescription records.
Social Interaction: When a friend or colleague is absent due to illness, one might ask about the 病名 to understand the severity, though this requires sensitivity to privacy.

検査の結果、ようやく正確な病名が分かりました。
(Kensa no kekka, yōyaku seikaku na byōmei ga wakarimashita.)
As a result of the tests, the accurate disease name was finally identified.

Understanding 病名 is crucial for navigating the Japanese healthcare system. It is not just the name of a sickness but a legal and medical identifier. For instance, when applying for medical leave, your employer will likely ask for a medical certificate (診断書 - shindansho) which must explicitly state the 病名. Without this specific 'name,' the leave might not be categorized as medical. Furthermore, in the context of Japanese medical history, there was a period where doctors would withhold the 病名 from patients with terminal illnesses (like cancer) to prevent psychological distress, though modern practice emphasizes transparency (告知 - kokuchi).

プライバシー保護のため、病名は公表されませんでした。
(Puraibashī hogo no tame, byōmei wa kōhyō saremasen deshita.)
To protect privacy, the name of the disease was not made public.

Legal Usage: Used in legal disputes involving medical malpractice or insurance claims where the specific 'name' determines the payout or liability.

医師から正式な病名を告げられたとき、ショックを受けました。
(Ishi kara seishiki na byōmei o tsugerareta toki, shokku o ukemashita.)
I was shocked when the doctor told me the official name of the disease.

Using 病名 correctly involves pairing it with the right verbs and particles. Since it is a noun, it functions as the subject or object of a sentence. Common verbs associated with 病名 include 決まる (to be decided/determined), 告げる (to inform/disclose), 伏せる (to conceal), and 判明する (to become clear). Unlike the general word for sickness, 'byōki' (病気), 病名 is specific and technical.

With 'Wakarimasu' (Understand/Know): Used to indicate that a diagnosis has been reached. Example: 'Byōmei ga wakarimashita' (The disease name was identified).

珍しい病気だったので、なかなか病名がつきませんでした。
(Mezurashii byōki datta node, nakanaka byōmei ga tsukimasen deshita.)
Because it was a rare illness, a diagnosis (disease name) was not easily established.

In formal writing, such as news reports or medical journals, 病名 is often used with the verb 特定する (tokutei suru - to identify/specify). For example, 'Byōmei o tokutei suru tame no kensa' (Tests to identify the disease name). In social contexts, when someone is being vague about their health, you might hear 'Byōmei wa fushite oku' (To keep the name of the disease hidden/private), which is a very polite and formal way to handle sensitive information.

彼は自分の病名を家族にも内緒にしている。
(Kare wa jibun no byōmei o kazoku ni mo naisho ni shite iru.)
He is keeping the name of his disease a secret even from his family.

With 'Kiku' (Ask): 'Byōmei o kiku' means to ask for the diagnosis. It is more formal than asking 'What's wrong?'

先生、正式な病名を教えてください。
(Sensei, seishiki na byōmei o oshiete kudasai.)
Doctor, please tell me the formal name of the disease.

You will encounter 病名 in several distinct environments in Japan. The most common is the medical facility (hospital or clinic). Here, it appears on forms, receipts, and in direct conversation with doctors. Patients are often curious about their 病名 because it provides a sense of clarity and a path toward treatment. In Japanese culture, having a 'name' for one's suffering can be a relief, moving the experience from the unknown into the manageable.

Media and News: When a famous person takes a hiatus, news programs often report, 'Byōmei wa kōhyō sarete imasen' (The name of the disease has not been disclosed).

ニュースでその芸能人の病名が発表された。
(Nyūsu de sono geinōjin no byōmei ga happyō sareta.)
The celebrity's disease name was announced on the news.

Another frequent location is the workplace. If an employee takes long-term leave, the Human Resources department will require a 'shindansho' (medical certificate). The 病名 written on this document determines the type of leave and insurance benefits. In television dramas, particularly 'medical procedurals' (like 'Doctor-X' or 'Code Blue'), the plot often revolves around the difficulty of identifying the correct 病名 for a patient with mysterious symptoms. Characters will shout things like, 'Byōmei o tokutei shiro!' (Identify the disease name!).

診断書には正確な病名を記載する必要があります。
(Shindansho ni wa seikaku na byōmei o kisai suru hitsuyō ga arimasu.)
It is necessary to state the accurate name of the disease on the medical certificate.

Insurance Claims: When calling an insurance company, they will ask: 'Byōmei wa nan desu ka?' to check if your policy covers that specific condition.

One of the most common mistakes for learners is confusing 病名 with 病気 (byōki) or 症状 (shōjō). While they are related to health, their usage is quite distinct. 病気 refers to the state of being ill or a disease in general. 症状 refers to the physical signs (symptoms). Using 病名 when you mean symptoms can lead to confusion during a medical checkup.

Mistake 1: Confusing with Symptoms: Learner says: 'Watashi no byōmei wa netsu desu.' (My disease name is fever).
Correct: 'Watashi no shōjō wa netsu desu.' (My symptom is fever). Fever is a symptom, not a disease name.

❌ 私の病名は咳です。
✅ 私の症状は咳です。
'Cough' is a symptom, not a diagnosis.

Another mistake involves the level of formality. Asking 'Anata no byōmei wa nan desu ka?' (What is your disease name?) directly to someone can be perceived as overly intrusive or blunt in Japanese culture. It is better to use softer phrasing or wait for them to volunteer the information. In a professional context, doctors will use 病名, but in a casual chat, people often just say 'Doko ga warui no?' (What's wrong?) or 'Nanno byōki?' (What kind of illness?).

Mistake 2: Overusing it for Minor Ailments: Don't use '病名' for a common cold (kaze) unless you are filling out a form. For a cold, just say 'Kaze desu.'

❌ 風邪は怖い病名です。
✅ 風邪は一般的な病気です。
A cold is a common illness, not a 'scary disease name.'

While 病名 is the standard term, there are several alternatives depending on the level of formality and the specific context. Understanding these nuances will help you sound more natural and precise in Japanese.

診断名 (Shindan-mei): This literally means 'Diagnosis Name.' It is slightly more formal than '病名' and is used almost exclusively in medical reports and insurance documents. It emphasizes the act of diagnosis.
疾患名 (Shikkan-mei): 'Shikkan' means 'disorder' or 'ailment.' This is a highly academic and medical term. You will see this in medical textbooks or advanced research papers.
傷病名 (Shōbyō-mei): This includes 'injuries' (shō) and 'illnesses' (byō). It is the standard term used on health insurance claims (resepito) in Japan.

医師はカルテに診断名を記入した。
(Ishi wa karute ni shindan-mei o kinyū shita.)
The doctor entered the diagnosis name into the medical record.

In casual conversation, people rarely use these technical terms. Instead of asking for a 病名, they might ask, 'Nanno byōki na no?' (What kind of illness is it?) or 'Doko ga warui no?' (What part of you is bad/ailing?). If you are talking to a child, you would never use 病名; you would simply say 'Byōki no namae' (The name of the sickness).

最新の医学では、より細かな疾患名が使われるようになっている。
(Saishin no igaku de wa, yori komaka na shikkan-mei ga tsukawareru yō ni natte iru.)
In modern medicine, more detailed disorder names are being used.

How Formal Is It?

Wusstest du?

The kanji for 'Byō' (病) contains the 'sickness' radical (疒), which looks like a person leaning or lying down. This radical is found in almost all Japanese words related to illness.

Aussprachehilfe

UK /bjoʊmeɪ/

US /bjoʊmeɪ/

The pitch starts low on 'byo' and rises on 'u', then stays flat or slightly drops on 'mei'.

Reimt sich auf

Shoumei (Proof) Koumei (Famous) Meimei (Naming) Seimei (Life) Heimei (Clear) Joumei (Expulsion) Kamei (Family name) Shimei (Mission)

Häufige Fehler

Pronouncing 'byo' as two syllables 'bi-o'. It should be one.
Shortening the 'u' in 'byou', making it 'byomei' instead of 'byōmei'.
Confusing the pitch accent with 'byōmei' (fame/reputation), though they are often similar.
Pronouncing 'mei' as 'my' instead of 'may'.
Failing to elongate the 'ei' sound at the end.

Schwierigkeitsgrad

Lesen 3/5

The kanji are common but require knowledge of the 'sickness' radical.

Schreiben 4/5

Writing '病' can be tricky for beginners due to the number of strokes.

Sprechen 2/5

Pronunciation is straightforward once you master the long vowels.

Hören 2/5

Easily distinguishable in a medical context.

Was du als Nächstes lernen solltest

Voraussetzungen

病気 (Byōki) 名前 (Namae) 医者 (Isha) 病院 (Byōin) 薬 (Kusuri)

Als Nächstes lernen

診断 (Shindan) 症状 (Shōjō) 治療 (Chiryō) 処方箋 (Shohōsen) 副作用 (Fukusayō)

Fortgeschritten

疾患 (Shikkan) 予後 (Yogo) 併発 (Heihatsu) 完解 (Kankai) 告知 (Kokuchi)

Wichtige Grammatik

Compound Nouns (A + B)

病 (Illness) + 名 (Name) = 病名 (Disease Name).

Noun + がつく (To be assigned)

病名がつく (To be diagnosed/named).

Passive Form (～られる)

病名を告げられる (To be told the disease name).

Nominalization with 'Koto'

病名を知ることは大切だ (Knowing the disease name is important).

Honorifics (O + Noun)

お病名 (Rare, but used in very polite medical contexts).

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Beispiele nach Niveau

この病名は何ですか？

What is this disease name?

Simple question using 'wa nan desu ka'.

病名はインフルエンザです。

The disease name is influenza.

A is B structure.

病名を知りたいです。

I want to know the disease name.

Verb stem + tai (desire).

その病名は難しいです。

That disease name is difficult.

Adjective 'muzukashii' modifying the noun.

病名を書いてください。

Please write the disease name.

Te-form + kudasai (request).

病名はまだ分かりません。

The disease name is not known yet.

Mada + negative verb.

私の病名は何？

What's my disease name? (Casual)

Casual question ending.

病名を覚えました。

I memorized the disease name.

Past tense verb.

医者に病名を聞きました。

I asked the doctor for the disease name.

Target person + ni + kiku.

病名が分かって安心しました。

I was relieved to find out the disease name.

Te-form used for reason/cause.

診断書に病名が書いてあります。

The disease name is written on the medical certificate.

Te-form + arimasu (state of being).

病名を忘れないでください。

Please don't forget the disease name.

Nai-form + de kudasai (negative request).

珍しい病名ですね。

That's a rare disease name, isn't it?

Adjective + noun + ne (confirmation).

病名をインターネットで調べました。

I looked up the disease name on the internet.

De (means/method) particle.

正しい病名を知ることが大切です。

It is important to know the correct disease name.

Verb + koto (nominalization).

病名が変わることもあります。

Sometimes the disease name changes.

Koto mo arimasu (sometimes happens).

検査をしないと、正確な病名は分かりません。

Unless we do tests, we won't know the accurate disease name.

Nai-form + to (conditional).

彼は自分の病名を公表することに決めた。

He decided to make his disease name public.

Koto ni kimeru (decide to do).

病名がつくまで、不安な日々を過ごした。

Until a diagnosis was made, I spent anxious days.

Made (until) particle.

医師は家族にだけ本当の病名を告げた。

The doctor told the true disease name only to the family.

Dake (only) particle.

病名を聞いて、今後の治療方針を話し合った。

After hearing the disease name, we discussed the future treatment plan.

Te-form for sequence of actions.

保険金を受け取るには、病名の記載が必要です。

To receive insurance money, the disease name must be stated.

Ni wa (in order to).

先生は、分かりやすい言葉で病名を説明してくれた。

The doctor explained the disease name in easy-to-understand words for me.

Te-kureru (doing something for someone).

病名が判明したことで、適切な薬が処方された。

Because the disease name was identified, the appropriate medicine was prescribed.

Koto de (due to the fact that).

病名を伏せたまま、彼女は仕事を続けた。

She continued working while keeping her disease name concealed.

Ta-form + mama (while remaining in a state).

その病名は、かつては不治の病とされていた。

That disease name was once considered an incurable illness.

Passive voice + to sarete ita.

専門的な病名が多くて、理解するのが大変だ。

There are many technical disease names, so it's hard to understand them.

Te-form used for reason.

病名を特定するため、あらゆる検査が行われた。

In order to identify the disease name, all sorts of tests were conducted.

Tame (purpose) particle.

患者のプライバシーを尊重し、病名は伏せられた。

Respecting the patient's privacy, the disease name was kept hidden.

Passive voice 'fuserareta'.

病名が確定するまでに、数週間を要した。

It took several weeks for the disease name to be finalized.

Yōsuru (to require/take).

医師から病名を告知された際、彼女は冷静だった。

When informed of the disease name by the doctor, she was calm.

Sai (at the time of) formal.

その病名は、発見者の名前にちなんで付けられた。

That disease name was named after its discoverer.

Ni chinande (named after).

病名の如何に関わらず、最善の治療を尽くすべきだ。

Regardless of the disease name, the best treatment should be provided.

Ikan ni kakawarazu (regardless of).

法的紛争において、病名の解釈が争点となった。

In the legal dispute, the interpretation of the disease name became the point of contention.

Sōten (point of contention).

新しいウイルスが見つかり、暫定的な病名が付けられた。

A new virus was found, and a provisional disease name was assigned.

Zanteiteki na (provisional).

病名が社会的な偏見を招く可能性も否定できない。

One cannot deny the possibility that a disease name might lead to social prejudice.

Hitei dekinai (cannot deny).

その病名は、国際的な分類基準に基づいている。

That disease name is based on international classification standards.

Ni motozuite iru (based on).

病名を告知するか否かは、医師の倫理的判断に委ねられる。

Whether or not to disclose the disease name is left to the doctor's ethical judgment.

Ka inaka (whether or not).

精神医学において、病名の統合や変更は頻繁に行われる。

In psychiatry, the consolidation or changing of disease names occurs frequently.

Hinpan ni (frequently).

病名というラベルが、患者のアイデンティティに影響を与える。

The label known as a 'disease name' affects the patient's identity.

To iu (called/known as).

病名の変遷を辿ることで、医学の進歩を垣間見ることができる。

By tracing the changes in disease names, one can catch a glimpse of medical progress.

Hensen (transition/change over time).

特定の病名が付与されることで、患者は初めて安堵を覚えることもある。

By being granted a specific disease name, a patient may feel relief for the first time.

Fuyo sareru (to be granted/given).

病名が持つ言霊のような力が、病状に影響を及ぼすという説もある。

There is a theory that the word-spirit-like power held by a disease name influences the condition.

Kotodama (spirit of words).

希少疾患の病名が確定するまでの『診断の放浪』は、深刻な問題だ。

The 'diagnostic odyssey' until a rare disease name is finalized is a serious problem.

Shindan no hōrō (diagnostic wandering).

病名は単なる記号ではなく、社会的な契約の一種とも言えるだろう。

A disease name is not just a symbol; it can also be called a type of social contract.

To mo ieru darō (can probably be said).

医師は、病名を告げる際の言葉の重みを十分に認識すべきである。

Doctors should fully recognize the weight of the words when disclosing a disease name.

Subeki de aru (should/must).

病名の定義が曖昧な場合、治療法の選択に混乱が生じかねない。

If the definition of a disease name is ambiguous, confusion might arise in the choice of treatment.

Kanenai (might happen - negative nuance).

社会制度における病名の位置づけは、時代と共に再考され続けている。

The positioning of disease names within social systems continues to be reconsidered with the times.

Saikō sare tsuzukete iru (continues to be reconsidered).

Häufige Kollokationen

病名がつく

病名を告げる

病名を伏せる

病名が判明する

正式な病名

病名を特定する

病名を公表する

病名が変わる

病名を疑う

病名を記載する

Häufige Phrasen

病名は何ですか？

— What is the name of the disease? (Polite and direct).

お父様の病名は何ですか？

はっきりした病名

— A clear or definite diagnosis name.

はっきりした病名が知りたい。

病名の告知

— The disclosure of the disease name to the patient.

病名の告知について家族で話し合う。

病名を知らされる

— To be informed of the disease name.

突然、重い病名を知らされた。

病名にショックを受ける

— To be shocked by the diagnosis/disease name.

予想外の病名にショックを受けた。

病名を隠す

— To hide the name of the disease.

子供に病名を隠しておく。

珍しい病名

— A rare disease name.

珍しい病名なので、治療法が少ない。

病名リスト

— A list of disease names.

保険の対象となる病名リスト。

病名の由来

— The origin of the disease name.

この病名の由来は何ですか？

病名が確定する

— The disease name is finalized/confirmed.

ようやく病名が確定した。

Wird oft verwechselt mit

病名 vs 病気 (Byōki)

Byōki is the illness itself; Byōmei is specifically the *name* of that illness.

病名 vs 症状 (Shōjō)

Shōjō refers to symptoms like cough or pain; Byōmei is the diagnosis like 'Pneumonia'.

病名 vs 診断 (Shindan)

Shindan is the act of diagnosing; Byōmei is the resulting name from that act.

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

"病名がつく"

— To be officially diagnosed with a specific condition.

検査の結果、ようやく病名がついた。

Neutral

"病名を伏せる"

— To deliberately not disclose the name of an illness for privacy.

彼は病名を伏せて入院した。

Formal

"病名に泣く"

— To suffer specifically because of the label of a disease (stigma).

彼はその病名に泣かされてきた。

Literary

"病名を背負う"

— To live with the burden of a specific diagnosis.

一生その病名を背負って生きる。

Emotive

"病名が歩き出す"

— When the name of the disease becomes more famous than the symptoms.

病名だけが歩き出している状況だ。

Critical

"病名を付ける"

— To assign a name to a new or existing condition.

科学者が新しい病名を付けた。

Scientific

"病名を洗う"

— To investigate all possible diagnoses (rare usage).

あらゆる可能性から病名を洗う。

Investigative

"病名に縛られる"

— To be overly restricted or defined by one's diagnosis.

病名に縛られずに生きたい。

Psychological

"病名を問う"

— To question or inquire about the specific diagnosis.

医師に病名を問う。

Formal

"病名を明かす"

— To reveal the name of a disease (usually a secret).

ついに彼は病名を明かした。

Narrative

Leicht verwechselbar

病名 vs 病状 (Byōjō)

Sounds similar and both start with 'Byō'.

Byōjō refers to the 'condition' or 'state' of the illness (stable, worsening), while Byōmei is the name.

病状は安定していますが、病名はまだ分かりません。

病名 vs 病名 (Byōmei) vs 署名 (Shomei)

Both end in 'mei' and are related to documents.

Shomei means 'signature'. You sign the document that contains the 'Byōmei'.

書類に署名し、病名を確認した。

病名 vs 病死 (Byōshi)

Starts with 'Byō'.

Byōshi means 'death from illness'. Byōmei is the name of the illness that caused it.

彼の病死の直接の病名は心不全だった。

病名 vs 名目 (Meimoku)

Contains 'Mei' (name).

Meimoku means 'pretext' or 'nominal reason'. Not related to health.

入院の名目は検査だが、実は手術だ。

病名 vs 病因 (Byōin)

Sounds like 'Byōin' (hospital) and starts with 'Byō'.

Byōin means 'cause of disease'. The 'Byōmei' is derived from the 'Byōin'.

病因を突き止めることで、正確な病名が決まる。

Satzmuster

病名は [Disease] です。

病名は風邪です。

病名が分かりました。

検査で病名が分かりました。

[Person] に病名を告げる。

患者に病名を告げる。

病名を [Verb] ことにする。

病名を公表することにする。

病名を伏せたまま [Action]。

病名を伏せたまま入院する。

病名が [Noun] にちなんで付けられる。

病名が地名にちなんで付けられる。

病名の如何に関わらず [Result]。

病名の如何に関わらず入院が必要です。

病名という [Label/Concept] が [Effect]。

病名という記号が患者を苦しめる。

Wortfamilie

Substantive

病気 (Illness)

名前 (Name)

診断 (Diagnosis)

疾患 (Disorder)

Verben

命名する (To name)

診断する (To diagnose)

Adjektive

病的な (Pathological)

有名な (Famous - uses the same 'mei')

Verwandt

病院 (Hospital)

病室 (Hospital room)

病状 (Condition)

病床 (Sickbed)

病原体 (Pathogen)

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frequency

Highly frequent in medical, legal, and formal social contexts.

Häufige Fehler

Using '病名' for symptoms like 'fever'. → Using '症状' (shōjō) for symptoms.
A '病名' is a diagnosis (e.g., Pneumonia), not a symptom (e.g., Fever).
Asking 'Anata no byōmei wa?' to a stranger. → Asking 'O-karada no guai wa ikaga desu ka?'
Asking for a '病名' directly is often too intrusive in Japanese social etiquette.
Writing '病名' as '病名い'. → Writing '病名' (no okurigana).
It is a pure kanji compound (Kango) and does not need hiragana endings.
Confusing '病名' (Byōmei) with '病状' (Byōjō). → Using 'Byōjō' for the current state/severity of the illness.
You can have a '病名' (Asthma) but your '病状' (condition) can be good or bad today.
Using '病名' for a broken bone in an insurance form. → Using '傷病名' (Shōbyō-mei).
Insurance specifically requires the 'injury and illness name' category.

Tipps

Medical Certificates

When asking for a medical certificate, say 'Byōmei ga kisai sareta shindansho o kudasai' to ensure the diagnosis is included for your employer.

Privacy First

In Japan, a person's '病名' is highly private. Never share someone else's diagnosis without their explicit permission.

Particle Choice

Use 'ga' with 'wakarimashita' (Byōmei ga wakarimashita) and 'o' with 'oshieru' (Byōmei o oshieru).

Formal vs. Casual

Use 'Byōmei' in professional settings and 'Byōki no namae' when talking to children or in very casual settings.

Kanji Recognition

Remember the 'sickness' radical 疒. It appears in 'byō' (病), 'itai' (痛 - pain), and 'shō' (症 - symptom).

Long Vowels

Focus on the 'ō' in 'Byō'. If you say 'Byomei' (short o), it sounds clipped and non-native.

Insurance Bills

Check your 'resepito' (medical receipt) from the clinic; you will see the '病名' or '傷病名' listed there.

Celebrity News

When celebrities get sick, pay attention to whether they 'kōhyō' (disclose) or 'fuse' (conceal) their '病名'.

Dictionary Use

When looking up a disease in a dictionary, the entry itself is the '病名'.

Stroke Order

The stroke order of '病' is crucial for it to look balanced. Start with the radical, then the inside part.

Einprägen

Eselsbrücke

Think of 'BYO' (Bring Your Own) 'MEI' (Medicine). If you know the 'Byōmei' (disease name), you know what medicine to bring!

Visuelle Assoziation

Imagine a doctor holding a name tag (名) and sticking it onto a sick person (病) lying in a bed.

Word Web

Hospital Doctor Insurance Medicine Patient Chart Tests Recovery

Herausforderung

Try to find three different 'Byōmei' in a Japanese news article today. Write them down and look up their meanings.

Wortherkunft

Comes from Middle Chinese roots. '病' (Byō) represents a person on a bed under a cover, and '名' (Mei) represents a mouth in the dark (calling out a name).

Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: The identification of a specific sickness.

Sino-Japanese (Kango).

Kultureller Kontext

Always be careful when asking someone their '病名'. It is considered personal information (kojin jōhō) and can be rude if asked too directly.

In the West, 'diagnosis' is used more broadly, whereas 'Byōmei' specifically refers to the name itself. English speakers might say 'What's the diagnosis?' while Japanese speakers ask for the 'Byōmei'.

The movie 'Ikiru' by Akira Kurosawa deals with a man learning his terminal 'Byōmei'. Medical manga like 'Black Jack' often focus on the mystery of finding a 'Byōmei'. NHK health programs frequently use 'Byōmei' to introduce common ailments to the public.

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

At the Hospital

病名を教えてください。
病名はいつ分かりますか？
診断書に病名を書いてください。
病名がつくまで不安です。

Insurance Company

病名は何と記載されていますか？
この病名はカバーされますか？
正式な病名が必要です。
病名リストを確認します。

Workplace/HR

病名を報告する必要があります。
病名は伏せておきたいです。
病名が書かれた診断書を出します。
病名によって休暇の種類が変わります。

News/Media

病名は公表されていません。
具体的な病名は不明です。
病名が発表されました。
病名を伏せて療養中です。

Pharmacy

この薬はどの病名に使いますか？
病名によって飲み方が違います。
処方箋に病名は書いてありません。
病名を確認させてください。

Gesprächseinstiege

"「病名が分かって、少しホッとしましたか？」 (Did you feel a bit relieved once the disease name was identified?)"

"「先生から正式な病名は言われましたか？」 (Did the doctor tell you the official name of the disease?)"

"「診断書に病名を書いてもらう必要がありますか？」 (Do you need to have the disease name written on the medical certificate?)"

"「病名をネットで調べると、かえって不安になりませんか？」 (Doesn't it make you more anxious to look up the disease name online?)"

"「家族に病名を伝えるべきかどうか、悩んでいます。」 (I'm debating whether I should tell my family the disease name.)"

Tagebuch-Impulse

もし自分が重い病気になったら、すぐに病名を知りたいですか？それとも知りたくないですか？その理由を書いてください。

「病名」というラベルが、人に与える影響についてどう思いますか？

最近聞いた珍しい「病名」があれば、それについて調べて書いてみましょう。

病院で病名を告げられた時の気持ちを、想像して日本語で書いてください。

プライバシーと病名の公表について、あなたの意見を述べてください。

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

Yes, but with caution. In clinical settings, doctors use '精神病名' (seishin byōmei). However, in social settings, it can be sensitive. People often use '診断' (diagnosis) or specific terms like '鬱' (depression) instead of the general word '病名' to avoid sounding clinical or cold.

'病名' is the general term for 'disease name.' '診断名' (shindan-mei) is more formal and specifically refers to the name as determined by a medical diagnosis. You'll see '診断名' on official hospital forms, while '病名' is used in both speech and writing.

It is grammatically correct but culturally blunt. It sounds a bit like 'What is your clinical classification?' Instead, ask 'どんな具合なの？' (How are you feeling?) or '何の病気なの？' (What kind of illness is it?) if you are close.

Technically, no. For injuries, the term '傷病名' (shōbyō-mei) is used in insurance, which covers both 'shō' (injuries) and 'byō' (illnesses). In daily life, you'd just say 'kega no namae' or the specific injury like 'kossetsu' (fracture).

Japan has a national health insurance system. Each '病名' is linked to specific approved treatments and medications. If a doctor prescribes a medicine that doesn't match the '病名' on the chart, the insurance might not pay for it.

Yes, it can. If a plant has a disease, you can refer to its '病名'. However, for animals, 'shikkann-mei' is also frequently used in veterinary medicine.

It means 'to be given a name for the illness.' It implies that after a period of uncertainty or testing, the doctor has finally identified what the condition is. It's a very common set phrase.

You wouldn't usually say 'wrong disease name' directly. Instead, you use '誤診' (goshin - misdiagnosis) or '病名の誤り' (byōmei no ayamari - error in the disease name).

Yes, but Kampo often uses different classification systems. However, in modern Japan, even Kampo doctors will provide a standard '病名' for insurance purposes.

In modern medicine, yes, but sometimes it takes a long time to find it. If it's unknown, it's called '病名不明' (byōmei fumei - disease name unknown).

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writing

Write a sentence: 'The doctor told me the disease name.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Using 'oshieru' or 'tsugeru' with 'kureru' for receiving information.