C1 Particles 6 min read Mittel

Partikel -조차: Nicht einmal (Negatives Extrem)

Nimm -조차 immer dann, wenn eine Situation so negativ ist, dass selbst die absolute Mindestanforderung oder das Naheliegendste nicht erfüllt wird. Denk an Pillen wie «이름조차», «상상조차» oder «시도조차».

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use -조차 to express that even the most extreme or unlikely thing is included in a negative situation.

  • Attach directly to nouns: '이름조차' (not even the name).
  • Always pairs with a negative verb or context: '기억조차 안 나요' (I don't even remember).
  • Used for extreme cases: '물조차 마실 수 없었다' (I couldn't even drink water).
Noun + 조차 + Negative Verb

Overview

Stell dir eine Situation vor, die so schlimm ist, dass nicht einmal das absolute Minimum erfüllt ist. Das ist der spezielle, schwere Vibe von -조차. Während du vielleicht schon -도 für „auch/sogar“ kennst, ist -조차 für negative Extreme reserviert.
Es drückt aus, dass etwas Grundlegendes oder Erwartetes nicht passiert ist. Es ist diese „Ich war so krank, ich konnte nicht einmal Wasser trinken“-Grammatik.

How This Grammar Works

Dieser Partikel wird direkt an ein Nomen angehängt. Keine Leerzeichen zwischen Nomen und -조차.
Formation Pattern
  1. 1Nimm ein Nomen.
  2. 2Füge -조차 hinzu.
  3. 3Wichtige Regel: Der Satz MUSS negativ enden (kann nicht, tat nicht, gibt es nicht).
| Nomen | + 조차 | Ergebnis | Bedeutung |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 이름 (Name) | + 조차 | 이름조차 | sogar der Name |
| 너 (du) | + 조차 | 너조차 | sogar du |
Example Construction
  • Basis: 그녀의 이름 (ihr Name)
  • Kontext: Ich kenne ihn nicht. (Negativ)
  • Nuance: Einen Namen zu kennen ist grundlegend. Ich weiß nicht einmal das.
  • Ergebnis: 그녀의 이름조차 몰라요. (Ich kenne nicht einmal ihren Namen.)

Tone & Nuance

-조차 ist pessimistisch und nachdrücklich. Es hebt hervor, dass die einfachste Bedingung nicht erfüllt wurde.
  • Neutral: 밥도 못 먹었어. (Ich konnte auch nicht essen.)
  • Schwer/Dramatisch: 밥조차 못 먹었어. (Ich konnte nicht einmal essen [geschweige denn etwas anderes tun].)

Contrast With Similar Patterns

Hier stolpern Lernende oft:

-도 (Basis): „Auch“ oder „Sogar“. Neutral.
-조차 (Negativ Basis): „Nicht einmal [das Minimum].“ Immer negatives Verb.
이름조차 몰라. (Ich kenne nicht einmal den Namen.)
-마저 (Der letzte Strohhalm): „Sogar [das letzte verbleibende Ding].“
너마저 가는구나. (Sogar du gehst [und du warst der Letzte].)
-까지 (Das Extrem): „Sogar [bis zu diesem Grad].“ Überraschendes Ausmaß.

Real Conversations

Scenario 1: Das Ghosting

A

A

Was ist mit dem Typen passiert?
B

B

Frag nicht. 문자조차 안 읽어. (Er liest nicht einmal meine Nachrichten.)

Common Mistakes

  • Fehler: Verwendung in positiven Sätzen.
  • 나는 숙제조차 했어. (Ich habe sogar meine Hausaufgaben gemacht.) — *Komisch!*
  • 나는 숙제도 했어.

Common Collocations

  • 이름조차 (sogar der Name)
  • 생각조차 (sogar der Gedanke)

Quick FAQ

F: Kann ich -조차 mit Verben verwenden?

Nicht direkt. Du musst das Verb zuerst mit -기 in ein Nomen verwandeln.

F: Ist das formell oder informell?

Es kann beides sein, klingt aber etwas „geschrieben“ oder dramatisch.

Formation with Nouns

Noun Ending Particle Result Example
Vowel
-조차
Noun조차
사과조차
Consonant
-조차
Noun조차
돈조차
-ㄹ
-조차
Noun조차
말조차
-ㅁ
-조차
Noun조차
꿈조차
-ㅇ
-조차
Noun조차
강조차
-ㄴ
-조차
Noun조차
선조차

Meanings

Indicates that the preceding noun is an extreme case that is also included in a negative outcome or state.

1

Extreme Negative Inclusion

Even this extreme thing is not happening/possible.

“가족조차 그를 믿지 않았다.”

“희망조차 보이지 않는 상황이다.”

Reference Table

Reference table for Partikel -조차: Nicht einmal (Negatives Extrem)
Endung Nomen Konjugation Beispiel
Vokal-Endung
+ 조차
머리 → "머리조차" (sogar der Kopf)
Konsonant-Endung
+ 조차
손 → "손조차" (sogar die Hand)
Verb (nominalisiert)
-기 + 조차
듣기 → "듣기조차" (sogar das Hören)

Formalitätsspektrum

Formell
돈조차 없습니다.

돈조차 없습니다. (General)

Neutral
돈조차 없어요.

돈조차 없어요. (General)

Informell
돈조차 없어.

돈조차 없어. (General)

Umgangssprache
돈조차 없네.

돈조차 없네. (General)

Die Hierarchie von 'Sogar'

Intensität

Neutral/Positiv

  • -도 Standard 'Auch/Sogar'
  • -까지 Ausmaß 'Sogar bis zu'

Negativ/Düster

  • -조차 Basis 'Nicht einmal'
  • -마저 Letztes 'Sogar das Letzte'

Nuancen-Spektrum

Basis-Erwartung
이름조차 몰라 Weiß nicht mal den Namen
Letzter Halt
너마저 떠나? Sogar du verlässt mich?

Die richtige Partikel wählen

1

Ist der Satz negativ?

YES
Weiter
NO
Nimm -도 oder -까지
2

Geht es um ein absolutes Minimum?

YES
Nimm -조차
NO
Prüfe -마저

Häufige -조차 Kombinationen

🧠

Wissen

  • 이름조차 (Name)
  • 생각조차 (Gedanke)
  • 기억조차 (Erinnerung)
🏃

Aktion

  • 시도조차 (Versuch)
  • 시작조차 (Start)
  • 보기조차 (Ansehen)
💧

Bedürfnisse

  • 물조차 (Wasser)
  • 밥조차 (Reis/Essen)
  • 숨조차 (Atem)

Beispiele nach Niveau

1

돈조차 없어요.

I don't even have money.

2

물조차 없어요.

There isn't even water.

3

시간조차 없어요.

I don't even have time.

4

밥조차 못 먹었어요.

I couldn't even eat rice.

1

이름조차 몰라요.

I don't even know the name.

2

연락조차 안 와요.

Not even a message comes.

3

기회조차 없었어요.

There wasn't even an opportunity.

4

말조차 하기 싫어요.

I don't even want to talk.

1

가족조차 그를 믿지 않았어요.

Even his family didn't believe him.

2

희망조차 보이지 않아요.

Not even hope is visible.

3

숨 쉴 틈조차 없었어요.

There wasn't even time to breathe.

4

그는 사과조차 안 했어요.

He didn't even apologize.

1

대책조차 마련되지 않았습니다.

Not even a countermeasure has been prepared.

2

그의 이름조차 기억나지 않습니다.

I don't even remember his name.

3

상상조차 할 수 없는 일입니다.

It is something I cannot even imagine.

4

기본적인 예의조차 없습니다.

He doesn't even have basic manners.

1

그는 고통조차 느끼지 못하는 상태였다.

He was in a state where he couldn't even feel pain.

2

최소한의 양심조차 없는 사람이다.

He is a person without even minimal conscience.

3

그 사실조차 부정할 수는 없을 것이다.

You won't be able to deny even that fact.

4

그의 존재조차 잊혀져 갔다.

Even his existence was being forgotten.

1

그는 죽음조차 두려워하지 않는 기개였다.

He had the spirit of not even fearing death.

2

그의 이론은 논리적 근거조차 결여되어 있다.

His theory lacks even a logical basis.

3

그 어떤 변명조차 통하지 않을 것이다.

Not even any excuse will work.

4

그는 자신의 운명조차 통제할 수 없었다.

He couldn't even control his own destiny.

Leicht verwechselbar

Particle -조차: Not Even (Negative Extreme) vs. -까지

Both mean 'even'.

Particle -조차: Not Even (Negative Extreme) vs. -마저

Both mean 'even' in negative contexts.

Particle -조차: Not Even (Negative Extreme) vs. -도

Both mean 'also/even'.

Häufige Fehler

돈조차 있어요.

돈조차 없어요.

Must be negative.

친구조차 왔다.

친구조차 안 왔다.

Must be negative.

밥조차 먹었다.

밥조차 못 먹었다.

Must be negative.

선생님조차 웃었다.

선생님조차 웃지 않았다.

Must be negative.

이름조차 알아요.

이름조차 몰라요.

Must be negative.

시간조차 있었다.

시간조차 없었다.

Must be negative.

기회조차 줬다.

기회조차 안 줬다.

Must be negative.

희망조차 있었다.

희망조차 없었다.

Must be negative.

가족조차 믿었다.

가족조차 안 믿었다.

Must be negative.

숨 쉴 틈조차 있었다.

숨 쉴 틈조차 없었다.

Must be negative.

사실조차 인정했다.

사실조차 인정하지 않았다.

Must be negative.

양심조차 있었다.

양심조차 없었다.

Must be negative.

변명조차 했다.

변명조차 하지 않았다.

Must be negative.

운명조차 통제했다.

운명조차 통제할 수 없었다.

Must be negative.

Satzmuster

___조차 없어요.

___조차 안 했어요.

___조차 보이지 않아요.

___조차 이해할 수 없어요.

Real World Usage

Texting common

답장조차 없네.

News common

대책조차 없습니다.

Job Interview occasional

기회조차 주어지지 않았습니다.

Food Delivery App rare

젓가락조차 안 왔어요.

Social Media common

희망조차 안 보여.

Travel occasional

지도조차 없어요.

💡

Verben brauchen eine Maske

Du kannst -조차 nicht direkt an ein nacktes Verb klatschen. Verwandle es erst in ein Nomen mit -기! Aus 가다 wird also 가기 und dann «가기조차».
⚠️

Negative Vibes Only

Wenn du sagst 'Ich habe sogar die Prüfung bestanden!' und -조차 nutzt, gucken dich alle komisch an. Reservier es für Beschwerden und schlechte Nachrichten wie «기회조차 없었어.»
💬

Der Drama-Faktor

K-Dramas lieben diese Partikel für den extra Kick Emotion. 'Du hast mich nicht mal angesehen?' klingt mit «눈길조차...» sofort viel trauriger und intensiver.
🎯

Die 'Nicht mal 1'-Regel

Ein super Shortcut: Wenn du im Deutschen 'nicht mal ein/e einzige/r' sagen kannst, passt -조차 perfekt. Zum Beispiel bei «1달러조차».

Smart Tips

Use -조차 to add emotional weight.

돈이 없어요. 돈조차 없어요.

Use -조차 to highlight the person who let you down.

친구가 안 도와줬어요. 친구조차 안 도와줬어요.

Use -조차 to show that even the basics failed.

시도를 안 했어요. 시도조차 안 했어요.

Use -조차 to emphasize lack of time.

시간이 없어요. 시간조차 없어요.

Aussprache

jo-cha

Linking

The '조' and '차' are pronounced clearly. No special sound changes occur.

Emphatic

돈조차(↗) 없어요(↘)

Emphasizes the extreme nature of the noun.

Einprägen

Eselsbrücke

Think of '조차' as 'Jot-cha' (Jot it down, but it's not even there).

Visuelle Assoziation

Imagine a person trying to catch rain with a sieve. Even the water (물조차) slips through.

Rhyme

Negative situation, no doubt, add -조차 to leave it out.

Story

Min-su was so broke he couldn't afford coffee. He looked at his wallet. Not even a coin (동전조차) was inside. He couldn't even buy bread (빵조차). He felt hopeless.

Word Web

돈조차시간조차이름조차희망조차생각조차기회조차

Herausforderung

Write 3 sentences about a bad day using -조차.

Kulturelle Hinweise

Used to express 'Han' (deep sorrow or resentment) in literature.

Used in formal apologies or reports to show gravity.

Used in venting posts to emphasize frustration.

Derived from the verb '좇다' (to follow) + particle.

Gesprächseinstiege

오늘 너무 바쁘지 않아요?

그 사람 아직도 사과 안 했어요?

이번 시험 어땠어요?

그 프로젝트 결과가 왜 그렇게 나빠요?

Tagebuch-Impulse

Write about a day when everything went wrong.
Describe a time you felt betrayed.
Write a formal complaint about a service.
Reflect on a difficult life challenge.

Häufige Fehler

Incorrect

Richtig


Incorrect

Richtig


Incorrect

Richtig


Incorrect

Richtig

Test Yourself

Wähle den natürlichsten Satz aus. Multiple Choice

Welcher Satz nutzt -조차 korrekt, um ein negatives Extrem auszudrücken?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 나는 그 파티에 초대조차 받지 못했다.
-조차 braucht ein negatives Verb. 'Ich wurde nicht mal eingeladen' zeigt, dass die Basis-Höflichkeit fehlte.
Ordne die Partikel ihrer Hauptbedeutung zu. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: matched
-조차 betont das Scheitern am Minimum. -도 ist neutral. -까지 geht bis an ein extremes Limit.
Finde die unnatürliche Verwendung. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Welcher Satz klingt für Muttersprachler falsch?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 그는 숙제조차 다 했어요!
-조차 nutzt man normalerweise nicht für positive Erfolge wie 'Er hat sogar die Hausaufgaben fertig!'. Nimm hier lieber -도 oder -까지.

Score: /3

Ubungsaufgaben

8 exercises
Fill in the blank.

돈___ 없어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 조차
Used in negative context.
Choose the correct sentence. Multiple Choice

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 사과조차 안 했다
Must be negative.
Fix the error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

희망조차 있었다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 희망조차 없었다
Must be negative.
Transform to negative. Sentence Transformation

그는 이름도 안다. (Use -조차)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 그는 이름조차 모른다
Must be negative.
Match the meaning. Match Pairs

돈조차 없다

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I don't even have money
Negative inclusion.
Build the sentence. Sentence Building

기회 / 없다 / 조차

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 기회조차 없다
Noun + 조차 + Verb.
Choose the best fit. Multiple Choice

그는 ___조차 하지 않았다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 인사
Fits the negative structure.
Fill in the blank.

그는 ___조차 기억하지 못했다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 이름
Fits the negative structure.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

11 exercises
Vervollständige den Satz. Lückentext

너무 어두워서 앞______ 보이지 않았다. (Sogar das, was direkt vor mir war, war nicht zu sehen)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 조차
Bilde den Satz: 'Ich habe nicht mal Zeit zum Ausruhen.' Sentence Reorder

Bringe die Fragmente in die richtige Reihenfolge.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 쉴 시간조차 없어
Welche Übersetzung passt am besten? Multiple Choice

꿈조차 꾸지 마.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Wag es nicht mal, davon zu träumen.
Finde den Fehler. Error Correction

Was ist falsch an: '물조차 마셨어.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: -조차 impliziert ein negatives Ergebnis, aber 'trinken' ist positiv.
Verbinde das koreanische Wort mit der deutschen Bedeutung. Match Pairs

Übersetze die Phrasen:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: matched
Übersetze ins Koreanische. Übersetzung

Ich kann nicht einmal aufstehen. (Nutze 일어서다 für aufstehen)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 일어서기조차 못해.
Wähle das korrekte negative Verb aus. Lückentext

기본 규칙조차 ______. (Er/Sie weiß nicht mal...)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 몰라요
Identifiziere die Nuance. Multiple Choice

Was impliziert: 너조차 나를 안 믿어?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ich hatte erwartet, dass wenigstens du mir glaubst.
Bringe die Wörter in eine gültige Reihenfolge. Sentence Reorder

Konstruiere: 'Sogar die Karte hat nicht geholfen.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 지도조차 도움이 안 됐어
Korrigiere die Partikel. Error Correction

Ändere die Partikel für eine positive Überraschung: '미국조차 갔어!'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 미국까지 갔어!
Verbinde die Situation mit dem passenden Satz. Match Pairs

Ordne die Situation dem Satz zu:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: matched

Score: /11

FAQ (8)

No, it is strictly for negative contexts.

-까지 is neutral, -조차 is negative.

It can be used in both formal and informal settings.

No, it attaches to nouns.

Yes, but the sentence must be negative (e.g., '그것은 문제조차 아니다').

It emphasizes the extreme nature of the noun.

Yes, very common when expressing frustration.

No, it is always -조차.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish high

ni siquiera

None.

French high

même pas

None.

German high

nicht einmal

None.

Japanese moderate

sae

-조차 is strictly negative.

Arabic moderate

حتى

None.

Chinese moderate

连...都...

Korean uses a single particle.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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