Partikel -조차: Nicht einmal (Negatives Extrem)
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use -조차 to express that even the most extreme or unlikely thing is included in a negative situation.
- Attach directly to nouns: '이름조차' (not even the name).
- Always pairs with a negative verb or context: '기억조차 안 나요' (I don't even remember).
- Used for extreme cases: '물조차 마실 수 없었다' (I couldn't even drink water).
Overview
-조차. Während du vielleicht schon -도 für „auch/sogar“ kennst, ist -조차 für negative Extreme reserviert.How This Grammar Works
-조차.- 1Nimm ein Nomen.
- 2Füge
-조차hinzu. - 3Wichtige Regel: Der Satz MUSS negativ enden (kann nicht, tat nicht, gibt es nicht).
- Basis:
그녀의 이름(ihr Name) - Kontext: Ich kenne ihn nicht. (Negativ)
- Nuance: Einen Namen zu kennen ist grundlegend. Ich weiß nicht einmal das.
- Ergebnis:
그녀의 이름조차 몰라요.(Ich kenne nicht einmal ihren Namen.)
Tone & Nuance
-조차 ist pessimistisch und nachdrücklich. Es hebt hervor, dass die einfachste Bedingung nicht erfüllt wurde.- Neutral:
밥도 못 먹었어.(Ich konnte auch nicht essen.) - Schwer/Dramatisch:
밥조차 못 먹었어.(Ich konnte nicht einmal essen [geschweige denn etwas anderes tun].)
Contrast With Similar Patterns
Hier stolpern Lernende oft:
-도 (Basis): „Auch“ oder „Sogar“. Neutral.-조차 (Negativ Basis): „Nicht einmal [das Minimum].“ Immer negatives Verb.이름조차 몰라. (Ich kenne nicht einmal den Namen.)-마저 (Der letzte Strohhalm): „Sogar [das letzte verbleibende Ding].“너마저 가는구나. (Sogar du gehst [und du warst der Letzte].)-까지 (Das Extrem): „Sogar [bis zu diesem Grad].“ Überraschendes Ausmaß.Real Conversations
Scenario 1: Das Ghosting
A
B
문자조차 안 읽어. (Er liest nicht einmal meine Nachrichten.)Common Mistakes
- Fehler: Verwendung in positiven Sätzen.
- ❌
나는 숙제조차 했어.(Ich habe sogar meine Hausaufgaben gemacht.) — *Komisch!* - ✅
나는 숙제도 했어.
Common Collocations
이름조차(sogar der Name)생각조차(sogar der Gedanke)
Quick FAQ
-조차 mit Verben verwenden?Nicht direkt. Du musst das Verb zuerst mit -기 in ein Nomen verwandeln.
Es kann beides sein, klingt aber etwas „geschrieben“ oder dramatisch.
Formation with Nouns
| Noun Ending | Particle | Result | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Vowel
|
-조차
|
Noun조차
|
사과조차
|
|
Consonant
|
-조차
|
Noun조차
|
돈조차
|
|
-ㄹ
|
-조차
|
Noun조차
|
말조차
|
|
-ㅁ
|
-조차
|
Noun조차
|
꿈조차
|
|
-ㅇ
|
-조차
|
Noun조차
|
강조차
|
|
-ㄴ
|
-조차
|
Noun조차
|
선조차
|
Meanings
Indicates that the preceding noun is an extreme case that is also included in a negative outcome or state.
Extreme Negative Inclusion
Even this extreme thing is not happening/possible.
“가족조차 그를 믿지 않았다.”
“희망조차 보이지 않는 상황이다.”
Reference Table
| Endung Nomen | Konjugation | Beispiel |
|---|---|---|
|
Vokal-Endung
|
+ 조차
|
머리 → "머리조차" (sogar der Kopf)
|
|
Konsonant-Endung
|
+ 조차
|
손 → "손조차" (sogar die Hand)
|
|
Verb (nominalisiert)
|
-기 + 조차
|
듣기 → "듣기조차" (sogar das Hören)
|
Formalitätsspektrum
돈조차 없습니다. (General)
돈조차 없어요. (General)
돈조차 없어. (General)
돈조차 없네. (General)
Die Hierarchie von 'Sogar'
Neutral/Positiv
- -도 Standard 'Auch/Sogar'
- -까지 Ausmaß 'Sogar bis zu'
Negativ/Düster
- -조차 Basis 'Nicht einmal'
- -마저 Letztes 'Sogar das Letzte'
Nuancen-Spektrum
Die richtige Partikel wählen
Ist der Satz negativ?
Geht es um ein absolutes Minimum?
Häufige -조차 Kombinationen
Wissen
- • 이름조차 (Name)
- • 생각조차 (Gedanke)
- • 기억조차 (Erinnerung)
Aktion
- • 시도조차 (Versuch)
- • 시작조차 (Start)
- • 보기조차 (Ansehen)
Bedürfnisse
- • 물조차 (Wasser)
- • 밥조차 (Reis/Essen)
- • 숨조차 (Atem)
Beispiele nach Niveau
돈조차 없어요.
I don't even have money.
물조차 없어요.
There isn't even water.
시간조차 없어요.
I don't even have time.
밥조차 못 먹었어요.
I couldn't even eat rice.
이름조차 몰라요.
I don't even know the name.
연락조차 안 와요.
Not even a message comes.
기회조차 없었어요.
There wasn't even an opportunity.
말조차 하기 싫어요.
I don't even want to talk.
가족조차 그를 믿지 않았어요.
Even his family didn't believe him.
희망조차 보이지 않아요.
Not even hope is visible.
숨 쉴 틈조차 없었어요.
There wasn't even time to breathe.
그는 사과조차 안 했어요.
He didn't even apologize.
대책조차 마련되지 않았습니다.
Not even a countermeasure has been prepared.
그의 이름조차 기억나지 않습니다.
I don't even remember his name.
상상조차 할 수 없는 일입니다.
It is something I cannot even imagine.
기본적인 예의조차 없습니다.
He doesn't even have basic manners.
그는 고통조차 느끼지 못하는 상태였다.
He was in a state where he couldn't even feel pain.
최소한의 양심조차 없는 사람이다.
He is a person without even minimal conscience.
그 사실조차 부정할 수는 없을 것이다.
You won't be able to deny even that fact.
그의 존재조차 잊혀져 갔다.
Even his existence was being forgotten.
그는 죽음조차 두려워하지 않는 기개였다.
He had the spirit of not even fearing death.
그의 이론은 논리적 근거조차 결여되어 있다.
His theory lacks even a logical basis.
그 어떤 변명조차 통하지 않을 것이다.
Not even any excuse will work.
그는 자신의 운명조차 통제할 수 없었다.
He couldn't even control his own destiny.
Leicht verwechselbar
Both mean 'even'.
Both mean 'even' in negative contexts.
Both mean 'also/even'.
Häufige Fehler
돈조차 있어요.
돈조차 없어요.
친구조차 왔다.
친구조차 안 왔다.
밥조차 먹었다.
밥조차 못 먹었다.
선생님조차 웃었다.
선생님조차 웃지 않았다.
이름조차 알아요.
이름조차 몰라요.
시간조차 있었다.
시간조차 없었다.
기회조차 줬다.
기회조차 안 줬다.
희망조차 있었다.
희망조차 없었다.
가족조차 믿었다.
가족조차 안 믿었다.
숨 쉴 틈조차 있었다.
숨 쉴 틈조차 없었다.
사실조차 인정했다.
사실조차 인정하지 않았다.
양심조차 있었다.
양심조차 없었다.
변명조차 했다.
변명조차 하지 않았다.
운명조차 통제했다.
운명조차 통제할 수 없었다.
Satzmuster
___조차 없어요.
___조차 안 했어요.
___조차 보이지 않아요.
___조차 이해할 수 없어요.
Real World Usage
답장조차 없네.
대책조차 없습니다.
기회조차 주어지지 않았습니다.
젓가락조차 안 왔어요.
희망조차 안 보여.
지도조차 없어요.
Verben brauchen eine Maske
가다 wird also 가기 und dann «가기조차».Negative Vibes Only
Der Drama-Faktor
Die 'Nicht mal 1'-Regel
Smart Tips
Use -조차 to add emotional weight.
Use -조차 to highlight the person who let you down.
Use -조차 to show that even the basics failed.
Use -조차 to emphasize lack of time.
Aussprache
Linking
The '조' and '차' are pronounced clearly. No special sound changes occur.
Emphatic
돈조차(↗) 없어요(↘)
Emphasizes the extreme nature of the noun.
Einprägen
Eselsbrücke
Think of '조차' as 'Jot-cha' (Jot it down, but it's not even there).
Visuelle Assoziation
Imagine a person trying to catch rain with a sieve. Even the water (물조차) slips through.
Rhyme
Negative situation, no doubt, add -조차 to leave it out.
Story
Min-su was so broke he couldn't afford coffee. He looked at his wallet. Not even a coin (동전조차) was inside. He couldn't even buy bread (빵조차). He felt hopeless.
Word Web
Herausforderung
Write 3 sentences about a bad day using -조차.
Kulturelle Hinweise
Used to express 'Han' (deep sorrow or resentment) in literature.
Used in formal apologies or reports to show gravity.
Used in venting posts to emphasize frustration.
Derived from the verb '좇다' (to follow) + particle.
Gesprächseinstiege
오늘 너무 바쁘지 않아요?
그 사람 아직도 사과 안 했어요?
이번 시험 어땠어요?
그 프로젝트 결과가 왜 그렇게 나빠요?
Tagebuch-Impulse
Häufige Fehler
Test Yourself
Welcher Satz nutzt -조차 korrekt, um ein negatives Extrem auszudrücken?
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
Find and fix the mistake:
Welcher Satz klingt für Muttersprachler falsch?
Score: /3
Ubungsaufgaben
8 exercises돈___ 없어요.
Which is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
희망조차 있었다.
그는 이름도 안다. (Use -조차)
돈조차 없다
기회 / 없다 / 조차
그는 ___조차 하지 않았다.
그는 ___조차 기억하지 못했다.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
11 exercises너무 어두워서 앞______ 보이지 않았다. (Sogar das, was direkt vor mir war, war nicht zu sehen)
Bringe die Fragmente in die richtige Reihenfolge.
꿈조차 꾸지 마.
Was ist falsch an: '물조차 마셨어.'
Übersetze die Phrasen:
Ich kann nicht einmal aufstehen. (Nutze 일어서다 für aufstehen)
기본 규칙조차 ______. (Er/Sie weiß nicht mal...)
Was impliziert: 너조차 나를 안 믿어?
Konstruiere: 'Sogar die Karte hat nicht geholfen.'
Ändere die Partikel für eine positive Überraschung: '미국조차 갔어!'
Ordne die Situation dem Satz zu:
Score: /11
FAQ (8)
No, it is strictly for negative contexts.
-까지 is neutral, -조차 is negative.
It can be used in both formal and informal settings.
No, it attaches to nouns.
Yes, but the sentence must be negative (e.g., '그것은 문제조차 아니다').
It emphasizes the extreme nature of the noun.
Yes, very common when expressing frustration.
No, it is always -조차.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
ni siquiera
None.
même pas
None.
nicht einmal
None.
sae
-조차 is strictly negative.
حتى
None.
连...都...
Korean uses a single particle.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Verwandte Videos
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