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B1 noun #2,000 am häufigsten 8 Min. Lesezeit

共有

kyouyuu
At the A1 level, think of 共有 (kyōyū) as the 'Share' button on your phone. You use it when you want to show a photo or a video to a friend. In Japanese, we say 'shashin o kyōyū-suru' (share a photo). It is a very useful word for technology. You might not use it in complex sentences yet, but you will see it in apps and websites. Just remember: Kyōyū = Share. It is used with the particle 'wo' for the thing you share. For example, 'kono link o kyōyū-shite kudasai' means 'please share this link.' It is a formal but very common way to talk about giving digital things to others.
At the A2 level, you can start using 共有 (kyōyū) to talk about basic group activities. For example, if you are in a Japanese class, you might 'share' a textbook with a partner (kyōyū-suru). You can also use it for information, like 'share the schedule' (yotei o kyōyū-suru). It is a 'suru' verb, so it is easy to conjugate. You use 'kyōyū-shimasu' for the polite form. It is slightly more formal than 'miseru' (to show), so it is good to use when you want to sound organized. Remember that it implies both people can see or use the thing at the same time.
At the B1 level, 共有 (kyōyū) becomes an essential word for the workplace and social integration. You should use it to describe the 'sharing of values' (kachikan no kyōyū) or 'sharing information' (jōhō no kyōyū). It is no longer just about digital files; it is about alignment within a team. You will often hear it in the context of 'sharing a vision' or 'sharing a problem.' It is important to distinguish it from 'wakeru' (to divide). Kyōyū is about collective ownership or access. In a business email, you might write 'shiryō o kyōyū-itashimasu' to sound professional. It is a key word for collaboration.
At the B2 level, you should understand the legal and abstract nuances of 共有 (kyōyū). It is used in terms like 'joint ownership' of property or intellectual rights. You will also encounter it in sociological discussions about 'shared experiences' in a community. You should be able to use it in complex sentences with various particles, such as 'shimei-kan o kyōyū-suru' (to share a sense of mission). At this level, you should also be aware of its synonyms like 'kyōdō' or 'buntan' and know when kyōyū is the more appropriate choice. It often appears in news articles regarding international cooperation or resource management.
At the C1 level, 共有 (kyōyū) is used in highly specialized contexts. In legal Japanese, it refers to a specific type of co-ownership (tenancy in common). In academic discourse, it might refer to 'shared cognition' or 'distributed knowledge systems.' You should be comfortable using it to discuss abstract philosophical concepts, such as the 'sharing of historical consciousness' between nations. The word carries a weight of mutual responsibility and collective identity. You will also see it in high-level business strategy documents regarding 'resource sharing' (shigen no kyōyū) between subsidiaries. Your usage should reflect a deep understanding of its systemic implications.
At the C2 level, you master the subtle rhetorical uses of 共有 (kyōyū). You can use it to critique social structures, such as the 'sharing economy' (kyōyū-gata keizai) and its impact on traditional ownership models. You understand the historical evolution of the term and its kanji roots. You can use it in literary or highly formal contexts to describe the 'sharing of a destiny' (unmei o kyōyū-suru) with poetic flair. Your mastery includes knowing the precise legal distinctions between kyōyū, gōyū, and sōyū (different types of collective ownership in Japanese law). You use the word not just to describe an action, but to frame a perspective on collective existence.
Jetzt üben Beispiele Notizen & Tipps

共有 in 30 Sekunden

  • 共有 (kyōyū) means 'sharing' or 'joint ownership,' covering everything from digital files to deep emotional bonds and legal property rights in Japanese.
  • It functions as a suru-verb, commonly used in business to ensure everyone is aligned with the same information and project goals.
  • Unlike 'wakeru' (divide), kyōyū implies that the original resource remains intact and accessible to all parties involved simultaneously.
  • In modern life, it is the standard term for social media sharing and cloud-based collaboration, making it a high-frequency daily word.

The Japanese word 共有 (きょうゆう - kyōyū) is a fundamental concept in both daily life and professional environments, representing the act of sharing, co-possession, or joint ownership. At its core, the word is composed of two kanji: 共 (together, both, all) and 有 (possess, exist, have). When combined, they describe a state where multiple parties hold or experience something simultaneously. Unlike the English word 'share' which can sometimes imply dividing something into parts (like sharing a cake), kyōyū more frequently refers to the collective access or mutual possession of information, resources, or values without necessarily depleting the original source.

Digital Context
In the modern era, this is the standard term for 'sharing' files, screens, or links in software interfaces.
Legal Context
Refers to joint ownership of property or assets where multiple individuals hold the title.
Abstract Context
Used for sharing feelings, goals, or a sense of purpose within a group or relationship.

「このドキュメントをチーム全員で共有してください。」(Please share this document with the whole team.)

In a sociological sense, kyōyū is the glue that binds Japanese organizations. The concept of jōhō-kyōyū (information sharing) is often cited as a key strength of Japanese corporate culture, where transparency within a department ensures everyone is aligned. This goes beyond mere communication; it is about creating a 'shared space' of understanding.

「画面を共有してもよろしいでしょうか？」(May I share my screen?)

Furthermore, the term is used in philosophical discussions regarding 'common values' (価値観の共有 - kachikan no kyōyū). In a relationship, sharing values is seen as the bedrock of long-term stability. This demonstrates the word's versatility, moving from the technicality of a computer button to the depth of human connection.

「私たちは同じ目的を共有している。」(We share the same objective.)

Grammatical Note
It is a Suru-verb (共有する), allowing it to function as both a noun and an action.

「情報の共有不足が原因でミスが起きた。」(The mistake occurred due to a lack of information sharing.)

「パスワードの共有は禁止されています。」(Sharing passwords is prohibited.)

Ultimately, kyōyū encompasses the bridge between 'mine' and 'ours.' Whether it is a physical piece of land held in kyōyū by siblings or a digital folder shared on the cloud, the word emphasizes the lack of exclusivity and the presence of a collective bond.

Using 共有 (kyōyū) correctly requires understanding its role as a Sa-hen verb (noun + suru). It is most commonly used in the pattern [Object] を [Person/Group] と 共有する. This structure clearly defines what is being shared and with whom. In professional settings, you will often see it paired with particles like 'で' to indicate the scope of sharing, such as '社内で共有する' (share within the company).

  • Digital/IT Usage: This is perhaps the most frequent use case today. 'ファイルを共有する' (share a file), 'フォルダを共有する' (share a folder), and 'リンクを共有する' (share a link) are standard phrases in any office.
  • Abstract Concepts: You can share 'time' (時間を共有する), 'emotions' (喜びを共有する - share joy), or 'information' (情報を共有する).
  • Legal/Property: When two people buy a house together, the ownership is '共有' (joint ownership).

One subtle point is the difference between 共有 and 分ける (wakeru). While wakeru implies dividing a whole into parts (like sharing a pizza where everyone gets a slice but the pizza is gone), kyōyū implies that the whole remains accessible to all parties (like sharing a view or a digital file). Therefore, you wouldn't usually use kyōyū for food unless you are talking about the 'experience' of eating together.

In polite business Japanese, you might use the humble form 'ご共有' (go-kyōyū) when providing information to a superior or client. For example, '資料をご共有いたします' (I will share the materials with you). This adds a layer of professional courtesy. Conversely, when asking someone to share something with you, '共有していただけますか' (Could you share it with me?) is a standard, polite request.

The word also appears in compound nouns. Kyōyū-zaisan (shared property) and kyōyū-shisetsu (shared facilities, like those in an apartment complex) are common terms. Understanding these compounds helps in navigating Japanese living and legal environments. When using it in a sentence, remember that the focus is on the state of sharing or the act of making something shared.

You will encounter 共有 (kyōyū) in a wide variety of settings, ranging from high-tech offices to casual social gatherings. In the workplace, it is ubiquitous. During morning meetings (chōrei), a manager might say, '今日のスケジュールを共有します' (I will share today's schedule). It is the go-to word for any form of internal communication or synchronization.

On social media and smartphone apps, the 'Share' button is labeled as 共有 in the Japanese interface. Whether you are on YouTube, Twitter (X), or Instagram, the icon that allows you to send content to others is linked to this word. This has made kyōyū a part of the daily vocabulary for even young children and casual users.

In academic or scientific contexts, researchers talk about 'knowledge sharing' (知識の共有 - chishiki no kyōyū). This refers to the collaborative effort to advance a field by making data and findings available to the community. Similarly, in legal or real estate discussions, you will hear it regarding 'shared ownership' of land or buildings, which is a common topic in inheritance or business partnerships.

In personal relationships, it is often used to describe the depth of a bond. A couple might talk about 'sharing their future' (将来を共有する) or 'sharing a hobby' (趣味を共有する). Here, it carries a warm, inclusive nuance. Even in gaming, players 'share' items or strategies, using the term to describe cooperative play. Because it covers both the physical and the digital, the tangible and the intangible, kyōyū is one of the most versatile 'social' verbs in the Japanese language.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is using 共有 (kyōyū) when they actually mean 教える (oshieru - to tell/teach) or 貸す (kasu - to lend). While 'sharing information' can be kyōyū, if you are simply telling someone a fact they didn't know, oshieru is often more natural. Kyōyū implies a more formal or systematic distribution of information intended for mutual use.

Another common error is using kyōyū for physical objects that are being 'lent' temporarily. If you let a friend use your pen, you are kasu (lending) it, not kyōyū (sharing) it. Kyōyū would only apply if you both owned the pen together or were using it simultaneously for a joint project. Similarly, for food, 分ける (wakeru - to divide) or 配る (kubaru - to distribute) is usually more appropriate than kyōyū.

Learners also sometimes struggle with the particle usage. It is 〜を共有する (share [something]), not 〜に共有する. While you share with someone (〜と), the object being shared must take the 'wo' particle. In business emails, some people mistakenly use kyōyū when they mean 報告 (hōkoku - report). While sharing a status update is a form of kyōyū, if you are specifically reporting to a boss, hōkoku is the expected professional term.

Finally, avoid overusing kyōyū in very casual settings where simpler verbs like 見せる (miseru - to show) or 言う (iu - to say) would suffice. Using kyōyū in a casual conversation about a small secret might sound overly formal or 'business-like,' making the speaker sound like they are in a meeting rather than talking to a friend.

To truly master 共有 (kyōyū), it is helpful to compare it with related terms that also deal with the concept of 'togetherness' or 'distribution.' Each has a specific nuance that dictates its use.

  • 共同 (kyōdō): This means 'joint' or 'collaboration.' It is often used for actions done together, like kyōdō-sagyō (working together). While kyōyū is about 'having' together, kyōdō is about 'doing' together.
  • 分担 (buntan): This means 'sharing the burden' or 'division of labor.' If a team kyōyū (shares) information, they all have the same knowledge. If they buntan (divide) the work, each person does a different part.
  • 共感 (kyōkan): This is 'empathy' or 'sharing a feeling.' While you can kyōyū an experience, kyōkan specifically refers to the emotional resonance of feeling what another person feels.
  • 配布 (haifu): This means 'distribution,' like handing out flyers or documents. Kyōyū is about mutual access; haifu is about the physical act of giving something to many people.
  • 伝達 (dentatsu): This means 'transmission' or 'communication' of a message. It is more one-way than kyōyū, which implies a circular or mutual state of having the information.

By distinguishing these, you can choose the word that fits the exact 'flavor' of sharing you intend. For instance, in a project, you kyōyū the goals, buntan the tasks, and kyōdō on the execution.

How Formal Is It?

Formell

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Schwierigkeitsgrad

Wichtige Grammatik

Beispiele nach Niveau

1

写真を共有します。

I will share the photo.

Direct object + を + 共有します。

2

リンクを共有してください。

Please share the link.

〜てください is used for requests.

3

このファイルを共有しましょう。

Let's share this file.

〜ましょう indicates a suggestion.

4

パスワードを共有しないでください。

Please do not share your password.

Negative request form.

5

画面を共有できますか？

Can you share your screen?

Potential form of the verb.

6

情報を共有しましょう。

Let's share information.

Abstract noun as object.

7

動画を共有しました。

I shared the video.

Past tense.

8

みんなで共有します。

We share with everyone.

みんなで indicates the group doing the action.

1

カレンダーを共有して、予定を確認します。

We share a calendar and check the schedule.

Te-form used to connect actions.

2

この部屋は二人で共有しています。

Two people are sharing this room.

〜ている indicates a continuous state.

3

大切な思い出を共有しました。

We shared precious memories.

Adjective modifying the shared object.

4

資料を共有するのを忘れました。

I forgot to share the materials.

〜のを忘れる (forgot to do...).

5

Wi-Fiのパスワードを共有してもらえますか？

Could you share the Wi-Fi password with me?

〜てもらう (to receive the favor of...).

6

いいニュースをみんなに共有したいです。

I want to share the good news with everyone.

〜たい indicates desire.

7

このパソコンは家族で共有のものです。

This computer is shared by the family.

共有のもの (shared thing) used as a noun phrase.

8

場所を共有して、待ち合わせをしましょう。

Let's share our location and meet up.

Using location sharing for coordination.

1

チーム内で情報を共有することが不可欠です。

Sharing information within the team is essential.

〜ことが不可欠 (is essential).

2

私たちは同じ価値観を共有しています。

We share the same values.

Abstract concept sharing.

3

このドキュメントは編集権限を共有できます。

You can share editing permissions for this document.

Specific technical term 'editing permissions'.

4

喜びも悲しみも共有できる友人がいます。

I have friends with whom I can share both joy and sorrow.

Complex object (AもBも).

5

プロジェクトの進捗を共有するための会議を開く。

Hold a meeting to share the project's progress.

〜ための (for the purpose of).

6

彼は自分の経験をブログで共有している。

He shares his experiences on his blog.

Medium of sharing (で).

7

このフォルダは社外の人とは共有できません。

This folder cannot be shared with people outside the company.

Negative potential form.

8

成功の秘訣を共有していただき、ありがとうございます。

Thank you for sharing the secret of your success.

Humble/Polite sharing request.

1

資源の有効な共有が、持続可能な社会には求められる。

Effective sharing of resources is required for a sustainable society.

Passive voice (求められる).

2

その土地は、親族間で共有されている財産だ。

That land is property held jointly among relatives.

Legal context of property.

3

ビジョンを共有することで、組織の団結力が高まる。

By sharing a vision, the unity of the organization increases.

〜ことで (by doing...).

4

クラウドサービスを利用して、データをリアルタイムで共有する。

Use cloud services to share data in real-time.

Adverbial phrase 'in real-time'.

5

著作権のある素材を無断で共有してはいけない。

You must not share copyrighted material without permission.

〜てはいけない (prohibition).

6

彼は周囲と問題意識を共有しようと努めた。

He tried to share his awareness of the problem with those around him.

Volitional form + と努める (try to...).

7

情報の共有化が進むことで、意思決定が迅速になった。

As information sharing progressed, decision-making became faster.

〜化 (suffix meaning -ization).

8

このアプリは、ユーザー同士で位置情報を共有する機能がある。

This app has a function to share location information among users.

Noun-modifying clause.

1

ナレッジの共有は、企業の競争力を左右する重要な要素である。

Knowledge sharing is a crucial factor that influences a company's competitiveness.

Formal academic/business tone.

2

グローバルな課題を共有し、国際的な協力を仰ぐ必要がある。

It is necessary to share global challenges and seek international cooperation.

High-level vocabulary (仰ぐ).

3

歴史認識を共有することは、隣国との和解に不可欠だ。

Sharing a common understanding of history is essential for reconciliation with neighboring countries.

Abstract political concept.

4

共有持分権の譲渡には、他の共有者の同意が必要となる。

The transfer of a shared interest requires the consent of other co-owners.

Technical legal terminology.

5

デジタル・コモンズとしての情報の共有について議論する。

Discuss the sharing of information as a digital commons.

Philosophical/Sociological context.

6

感動を共有するという体験が、コミュニティの帰属意識を育む。

The experience of sharing an emotional moment fosters a sense of belonging in a community.

Psychological terminology (帰属意識).

7

リスクを共有することで、投資の安全性を確保する手法。

A method to ensure investment safety by sharing risks.

Economic context.

8

プラットフォーム上でのデータ共有におけるプライバシー保護の是非。

The pros and cons of privacy protection in data sharing on platforms.

Formal debate structure (是非).

1

所有から共有へと、消費者のパラダイムがシフトしつつある。

The consumer paradigm is shifting from ownership to sharing.

〜つつある (is in the process of).

2

人類が普遍的な倫理観を共有することは、果たして可能なのだろうか。

Is it truly possible for humanity to share a universal sense of ethics?

Philosophical inquiry.

3

共有財産の悲劇を回避するための制度設計が急務である。

Institutional design to avoid the 'tragedy of the commons' is an urgent matter.

Economic theory (Tragedy of the Commons).

4

言語を共有するということは、ある種の世界観を共有することに他ならない。

To share a language is nothing less than sharing a certain worldview.

〜に他ならない (nothing but/none other than).

5

情報の非対称性を解消するための共有メカニズムの構築。

Construction of a sharing mechanism to eliminate information asymmetry.

Advanced economic/technical terms.

6

美意識を共有する集団において、暗黙の了解が形成される。

In a group that shares an aesthetic sense, tacit understandings are formed.

Sociological nuance (暗黙の了解).

7

サイバー空間における脅威情報の共有は、国家安全保障の要諦である。

Sharing threat information in cyberspace is the cornerstone of national security.

Geopolitical terminology (要諦).

8

有限な資源を共有する地球市民としての自覚が問われている。

Our awareness as global citizens sharing finite resources is being called into question.

Ethical/Globalist discourse.

Häufige Kollokationen

情報を共有する
画面を共有する
価値観を共有する
ファイルを共有する
時間を共有する
目的を共有する
認識を共有する
秘密を共有する
財産を共有する
体験を共有する

Häufige Phrasen

共有フォルダ

共有スペース

共有設定

共有財産

共有リンク

ご共有ありがとうございます

情報の共有化

画面共有ボタン

共有名義

共有持分

Wird oft verwechselt mit

共有 vs 分ける

Wakeru means to divide into parts; Kyōyū means to have access to the whole together.

共有 vs 教える

Oshieru is to teach/tell new info; Kyōyū is to synchronize info among a group.

共有 vs 貸す

Kasu is to lend temporarily; Kyōyū is to possess or use together.

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

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Leicht verwechselbar

共有 vs

共有 vs

共有 vs

共有 vs

共有 vs

Satzmuster

So verwendest du es

nuance

Kyōyū implies mutual access, not necessarily division.

formality

Highly versatile, used in both formal and casual settings.

Häufige Fehler
  • Using 'ni' instead of 'to' for the person you share with.
  • Using 'kyōyū' for physical objects being lent (should be 'kasu').
  • Using 'kyōyū' for food being divided (should be 'wakeru').
  • Forgetting the 'suru' when using it as a verb.
  • Confusing 'kyōyū' (sharing) with 'kyōyū' (common use - 共用).

Tipps

Business Context

In meetings, always ask 'Gamen o kyōyū-shite mo yoroshii desu ka?' before sharing your screen. This shows professional courtesy. It ensures everyone is ready to look at your screen. It is a very common phrase in remote work.

Particle Choice

Use 'to' for the person you share with. Use 'wo' for the thing you are sharing. For example: 'Tanaka-san TO shiryō WO kyōyū-suru.' This is the most standard structure. Don't confuse it with 'ni'.

Kyōyū vs. Wakeru

If you are giving someone half of your sandwich, use 'wakeru.' If you are giving someone access to your Google Drive, use 'kyōyū.' The distinction is whether the item is divided or remains whole. This is a key nuance for learners.

Information is Power

In Japan, sharing information is seen as a way to reduce risk. By 'kyōyū-ing' everything, the whole team takes responsibility. This prevents 'zoku-jin-ka' (work becoming dependent on one person). It is a core part of team harmony.

Smartphone Settings

Change your phone language to Japanese. You will see '共有' everywhere. This is the best way to internalize the word. You will see it in the photo gallery, browser, and social apps.

Building Bonds

Use 'kyōyū' to talk about shared experiences. 'Omoide o kyōyū-suru' (sharing memories) is a beautiful way to describe a friendship. It implies a deep, mutual connection. It sounds more profound than just 'talking about' memories.

Property Ownership

Be careful with 'kyōyū' in legal documents. It implies specific rights and duties for all owners. If you buy a house with a partner, you are 'kyōyū-sha' (co-owners). This has tax and inheritance implications in Japan.

Knowledge Sharing

In university, 'chishiki no kyōyū' (sharing knowledge) is highly encouraged. Use this term in essays or presentations. It sounds academic and professional. It is better than just saying 'teaching each other'.

The Power of 'Go-'

Adding 'go' to 'kyōyū' (ご共有) makes it a formal noun. Use it in email subjects: 'Shiryō go-kyōyū no o-negai' (Request for sharing materials). This is a very common business Japanese pattern. It shows you have high-level language skills.

Kanji Breakdown

共 (Together) looks like two people standing over a table. 有 (Possess) has the 'meat' radical, implying having something substantial. Together, they mean 'having something substantial together.' This helps in remembering the kanji.

Einprägen

Wortherkunft

Sino-Japanese (Kango)

Kultureller Kontext

Shared ownership of family land is a common cause of legal disputes in Japan.

Japanese users are very active in kyōyū-ing content on platforms like X (Twitter).

Always share meeting minutes (gijiroku) promptly to ensure kyōyū.

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

Gesprächseinstiege

"このファイルを共有してもいいですか？"

"最近、何か面白いニュースを共有しましたか？"

"チームで情報を共有する一番いい方法は何だと思いますか？"

"私たちは同じ目標を共有していると思います。"

"画面共有がうまくいかないのですが、手伝ってくれますか？"

Tagebuch-Impulse

今日、誰と何を共有しましたか？

情報を共有することのメリットとデメリットについて書いてください。

あなたが大切にしている価値観を共有できる人は誰ですか？

将来、誰かと共有したい夢はありますか？

デジタル時代の「共有」についてどう思いますか？

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

It is rare. Usually, you use 'wakeru' (divide) or 'hanbunko' (split in half). You might use 'kyōyū' if you are talking about the 'experience' of the meal, but not the physical food itself.

Kyōyū is 'sharing' (having together), while Kyōdō is 'collaboration' (doing together). You kyōyū a file, but you kyōdō on a project.

It is standard. It can be used casually with friends or formally in business. Adding 'go-' makes it more formal.

The most common way is 'Gamen o kyōyū-suru' (画面を共有する).

Yes, 'himitsu o kyōyū-suru' means to share a secret with someone.

It is a legal term meaning 'joint name' or 'joint title,' often used for bank accounts or property ownership.

Yes. Kyōyū is 'sharing' (ownership/access), while Kyōyū (共用) is 'common use' (using the same physical facility, like a shared bathroom).

You can say 'Fairu o kyōyū-shite kudasai' or more politely 'Fairu o kyōyū-shite itadakemasu ka?'

Yes, the 'Share' button is almost always translated as 共有.

It means 'shared property' or 'community property,' often discussed in marriage or inheritance.

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