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B1 noun #4,500 am häufigsten 10 Min. Lesezeit

은퇴

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At the A1 level, you should know that '은퇴' (euntwae) means 'retirement'. It is a noun used to describe when someone stops working because they are old. You will mostly use it with the verb '하다' to make '은퇴하다' (to retire). In basic conversations, you might use it to talk about your grandfather or grandmother. For example, '할아버지는 은퇴하셨어요' (Grandfather retired). It is important to remember that in Korea, we use honorifics for older people, so we usually say '은퇴하셨어요' instead of '은퇴했어요'. You don't need to know the complex financial terms yet, just the basic idea of stopping work at a late age. Think of it as the end of a long job. It is a very common word in family stories. You might also see it in simple pictures of an old man sitting on a bench or gardening after many years of work. Just remember: 은퇴 = no more work because of age.

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At the A2 level, you can start using '은퇴' in more detailed sentences. You should understand that it is a Sino-Korean word (은 + 퇴). You can use it to talk about plans for the future. For example, '저는 60살에 은퇴하고 싶어요' (I want to retire at 60). You will also notice it appearing with time markers like '은퇴 후에' (after retirement). This is useful for talking about hobbies or travel plans. At this level, you should also distinguish it from '그만두다' (to quit). '그만두다' is for any job at any time, but '은퇴' is for the final stop of a career. You might hear people talk about '은퇴 파티' (retirement party). When you describe someone who has retired, you can say '은퇴한 사람' (a retired person). Start practicing by describing what you want to do after you retire, using the pattern '은퇴하면 [Action] 할 거예요'.

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At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using '은퇴' in professional and social contexts. You should understand the difference between '은퇴' (leaving a career) and '퇴직' (leaving a company). This distinction is important in business settings. You will encounter collocations like '조기 은퇴' (early retirement) and '정년 은퇴' (retirement at the legal age). You should be able to discuss the social implications of retirement in Korea, such as the 'Silver Economy' or the challenges of living on a pension. For example, '한국에서는 은퇴 자금을 준비하는 것이 중요합니다' (In Korea, preparing retirement funds is important). You will also see '은퇴' in news headlines about sports stars or celebrities. At this level, you should be able to use the word in the passive or causative forms if necessary, though '은퇴하다' remains the most common. You can also use it to express abstract ideas, like '정계 은퇴' (retiring from politics).

At the B2 level, you should have a nuanced understanding of '은퇴' and its related vocabulary. You should be familiar with '명예퇴직' (voluntary/honorary retirement) and how it differs from a standard '은퇴'. You will read articles about the 'Baby Boomer' generation's retirement and the resulting labor shortages. Your vocabulary should include '은퇴 설계' (retirement planning) and '은퇴 생활비' (retirement living expenses). You should be able to participate in a debate about whether the mandatory retirement age (정년) should be raised. Use the word in complex sentences like, '급격한 고령화로 인해 은퇴 후의 삶에 대한 사회적 관심이 높아지고 있습니다' (Due to rapid aging, social interest in life after retirement is increasing). You should also recognize the emotional weight the word carries in Korean culture—often associated with a loss of 'place' or 'identity' for the older generation who lived through Korea's rapid economic growth.

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At the C1 level, you should understand the philosophical and historical nuances of '은퇴'. You can use terms like '은거' (seclusion) or '야인으로 돌아가다' (returning to being a commoner/private citizen) as sophisticated alternatives in specific contexts. You should be able to analyze how the concept of '은퇴' is changing with the '100-year life' era, where '은퇴' is no longer seen as the end of productivity but the start of a 'second life' (제2의 인생). You should be able to read academic papers or high-level editorials about '은퇴 빈곤' (retirement poverty) or '은퇴 후 재취업' (re-employment after retirement). Your usage should reflect an understanding of the subtle differences between '은퇴', '퇴임', '사퇴', and '하야'. You can discuss how the traditional Korean family structure, where children supported retired parents, is shifting towards individual retirement responsibility.

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At the C2 level, you possess a native-like command of '은퇴' and can use it with absolute precision in any register. You can discuss the etymology of the Hanja (隱退) and how the meaning of 'hiding' or 'withdrawing' reflects traditional East Asian views on the stages of life. You can interpret literature or poetry that deals with the theme of '은퇴' and the passage of time. You are capable of handling high-stakes negotiations or public speaking regarding retirement policy, pension reform, and labor law. You understand the historical context of '은퇴' in the Joseon Dynasty versus the modern era. You can use idioms and classical four-character compounds (Sajaseong-eo) related to leaving public life, such as '유유자적' (living in leisure). Your ability to use the word covers everything from the most formal legal documents to the most nuanced, emotional personal reflections on the end of a lifelong journey.

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은퇴 in 30 Sekunden

은퇴 means retirement from a career.
It is a formal Sino-Korean noun (隱退).
Used for athletes, officials, and long-term workers.
Distinct from '퇴직' which is just leaving a company.

The Korean noun 은퇴 (euntwae) refers to the act of permanently withdrawing from one's professional career, public office, or a specific field of activity, typically due to reaching a certain age, health reasons, or the desire to pursue a different lifestyle. While the English word 'retirement' covers a broad spectrum, 은퇴 carries a weight of finality and often implies a significant life milestone. In South Korea, a society that has historically placed immense value on one's professional identity and workplace hierarchy, the concept of 은퇴 is both a celebrated transition and a source of social anxiety regarding the 'second act' of life.

Professional Context: Used when athletes, musicians, or high-ranking officials leave their respective fields forever.

그 유명한 축구 선수는 부상 때문에 일찍 은퇴를 결정했습니다.

Translation: That famous soccer player decided on an early retirement due to injury.

The term is composed of two Hanja (Chinese characters): 은 (隱) meaning 'to hide' or 'to withdraw' and 퇴 (退) meaning 'to retreat' or 'to step back'. Together, they paint a picture of stepping away from the public eye or the hustle of the workforce into a more private, secluded, or relaxed existence. In modern Korea, discussions around 은퇴 are frequently linked to the 'Silver Economy' and the '100-year life' era, where people must plan for thirty or forty years of life after their primary career ends.

Societal Nuance: It is distinct from '퇴직' (toejik), which simply means leaving a job. 은퇴 is the end of the career path itself.

많은 사람들이 은퇴 후의 삶을 위해 저축을 합니다.

Translation: Many people save money for life after retirement.

Culturally, the 'retirement age' (정년) is a hot topic in Korea. As the population ages, the legal retirement age is being debated. For many, 은퇴 is not just an end but a beginning of '제2의 인생' (the second life), where individuals take up hobbies, travel, or start small 'hobby businesses' like cafes or bookstores. You will hear this word in news reports regarding the economy, in sports broadcasts when a veteran player hangs up their jersey, and in family discussions about financial planning for the elderly. It carries a sense of respect for the hard work completed over decades.

Emotional Weight: For some, it represents freedom; for others, it represents a loss of social status or 'place' in society.

아버지의 은퇴 파티를 준비하고 있어요.

Translation: We are preparing a retirement party for my father.

그는 정계에서 은퇴하고 시골로 내려갔습니다.

Translation: He retired from politics and moved down to the countryside.

Using 은퇴 correctly involves understanding its grammatical role as a noun and how it transforms into a verb with the addition of 하다. Because it is a Sino-Korean word, it is inherently formal and structured. It is most frequently used in the context of long-term careers. If you are describing someone leaving a part-time job at a convenience store, 은퇴 would be inappropriately grand; in that case, you would use '그만두다' or '사직하다'.

As a Subject: 은퇴가 다가올수록 걱정이 많아집니다. (As retirement approaches, worries increase.)

조기 은퇴는 많은 직장인들의 꿈입니다.

Translation: Early retirement is the dream of many office workers.

When used as a verb, 은퇴하다, it describes the action of the individual. In Korean grammar, the particle '에서' (from) is often used to indicate the field one is retiring from. For example, '스포츠계에서 은퇴하다' (to retire from the sports world) or '교직에서 은퇴하다' (to retire from the teaching profession). This clarifies the scope of the retirement. It is also common to see it paired with '후' (after), as in '은퇴 후' (after retirement), to discuss the subsequent stage of life.

As an Object: 그녀는 내년에 은퇴를 계획하고 있습니다. (She is planning her retirement next year.)

선생님께서는 30년 동안의 교직 생활을 마치고 은퇴하셨습니다.

Translation: The teacher retired after 30 years of teaching life.

In more complex sentences, 은퇴 can be combined with other nouns to create compound concepts. '은퇴 자금' (retirement funds), '은퇴 설계' (retirement planning), and '은퇴 생활' (retirement life) are ubiquitous in financial and lifestyle journalism. When discussing the timing, terms like '정년 은퇴' (retirement at the legal age) and '명예 은퇴' (honorary/voluntary retirement) are used to specify the nature of the departure. Mastery of these collocations allows for much more nuanced conversation about life stages in Korean.

Causal Usage: 건강 악화로 인해 갑작스럽게 은퇴하게 되었습니다. (Due to worsening health, I ended up retiring suddenly.)

그 배우는 은퇴를 번복하고 다시 복귀했습니다.

Translation: That actor reversed his retirement and made a comeback.

그는 자신의 은퇴식에서 눈물을 흘렸습니다.

Translation: He shed tears at his retirement ceremony.

In daily Korean life, 은퇴 is a word that echoes through various channels, reflecting the country's demographic shifts. You will hear it most prominently in the news, particularly on economic programs discussing the 'Baby Boomer' generation. News anchors often report on '은퇴 대란' (retirement crisis) or '은퇴 설계의 중요성' (the importance of retirement planning), focusing on the financial readiness of the elderly population. This makes the word feel slightly heavy and serious in a societal context.

Media & News: Often discussed in terms of national pension (국민연금) and the aging society (고령화 사회).

뉴스에 따르면 한국의 평균 은퇴 연령이 낮아지고 있다고 합니다.

Translation: According to the news, the average retirement age in Korea is decreasing.

Another major arena for this word is the sports and entertainment industry. When a legendary K-pop idol or a world-class athlete like Son Heung-min or Kim Yuna reaches the end of their competitive years, the media becomes saturated with the word 은퇴. Headlines will read '은퇴 선언' (Retirement Announcement) or '은퇴설' (Retirement Rumors). In these cases, it carries a nostalgic and respectful tone, acknowledging the end of an era for a public figure who has brought pride to the nation.

Sports & Pop Culture: Used to mark the end of a career for public figures, often accompanied by a 'retirement ceremony' (은퇴식).

그 가수는 마지막 콘서트를 끝으로 은퇴를 발표했습니다.

Translation: That singer announced retirement after their final concert.

In private conversations, you will hear 은퇴 during family gatherings (Chuseok or Seollal) when younger generations ask about the well-being of their elders. A common question might be, "아버님, 은퇴하시니까 어떠세요?" (Father, how do you feel since you retired?). It also appears in the workplace among colleagues who are approaching their late 50s, often discussed with a mix of relief and trepidation. In the FIRE (Financial Independence, Retire Early) movement, which is popular among Korean millennials and Gen Z, the phrase '조기 은퇴' (early retirement) is a frequent buzzword on social media and YouTube finance channels.

Personal Conversations: Discussed as a life goal or a major transition for family members.

저의 꿈은 마흔 살에 은퇴해서 세계 여행을 다니는 것입니다.

Translation: My dream is to retire at forty and travel the world.

그는 은퇴 후에 작은 카페를 차렸습니다.

Translation: He opened a small cafe after retirement.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is confusing 은퇴 (euntwae) with 퇴직 (toejik). While both relate to leaving work, they are not interchangeable. 퇴직 specifically refers to the act of leaving a particular job or company. You can '퇴직' from a company today and start a new job at another company tomorrow. However, 은퇴 implies that you are leaving the entire career field or the workforce altogether. Using 은퇴 when you simply quit a job makes it sound like you are never going to work again in your life.

Mistake 1: Scope of Work: Incorrect: "저는 어제 편의점 알바를 은퇴했어요." (I retired from my part-time convenience store job yesterday.) - This sounds overly dramatic and linguistically odd.

그는 회사를 퇴직했지만, 아직 은퇴한 것은 아닙니다.

Translation: He left the company, but he hasn't retired yet.

Another common error is failing to use appropriate honorifics. Since retirement usually happens to older people who deserve respect in Korean culture, using the plain form '은퇴했다' when talking about a teacher, a boss, or a parent can come across as rude or blunt. Instead, you should use the honorific suffix -시-, resulting in '은퇴하셨다' or '은퇴하셨습니다'. This shows that you acknowledge their long years of contribution and their status.

Mistake 2: Honorific Neglect: Incorrect: "우리 할아버지는 작년에 은퇴했어." (Used when speaking to someone older than you or in a formal setting.) Better: "저희 할아버지께서는 작년에 은퇴하셨어요."

사장님께서 다음 달에 은퇴하신다는 소식을 들었습니다.

Translation: I heard the news that the CEO is retiring next month.

Lastly, learners sometimes confuse 은퇴 with 사퇴 (satwae). 사퇴 means to resign from a specific position or office, often under pressure or due to a scandal. If a politician '은퇴's, they are leaving politics forever. If they '사퇴's, they are just leaving their current post (like a Mayor or Minister) but might stay in the party or run for another office later. Choosing the wrong word can significantly change the perceived intent of the person leaving.

Mistake 3: 은퇴 vs. 사퇴: 은퇴: Leaving the field. 사퇴: Resigning from a post.

의원님은 사퇴가 아니라 정계 은퇴를 선언했습니다.

Translation: The assemblyman declared retirement from politics, not just resignation from his post.

To broaden your vocabulary, it is essential to look at words that sit near 은퇴 in the linguistic landscape. Each of these words has a specific nuance that makes it more suitable for certain situations. Understanding these differences will help you sound more like a native speaker and allow you to navigate professional and social settings with greater precision.

퇴직 (Toejik): The most common word for leaving a job. It is neutral and can apply to any age or reason for leaving a specific company.
정년 (Jeongnyeon): Refers specifically to the legal or mandatory retirement age. Used in phrases like '정년 퇴직' (retiring because one reached the age limit).
사직 (Sajik): A formal way to say 'resignation'. It is often used in the context of submitting a letter of resignation (사직서).

은퇴는 인생의 끝이 아니라 새로운 시작입니다.

Translation: Retirement is not the end of life, but a new beginning.

In more literary or high-formal contexts, you might encounter 물러나다 (mulleonada), which literally means 'to step back' or 'to withdraw'. While 은퇴 is a noun, 물러나다 is a native Korean verb that can be used to describe someone leaving a position of power. For example, '일선에서 물러나다' (to step back from the front lines/active duty). Another term is 은거 (eungeo), which refers to living in seclusion or 'hermit-like' retirement, often used in historical dramas or when someone completely disappears from society after their career.

Comparison: 은퇴 vs. 퇴임: 은퇴 (Euntwae): Leaving the profession permanently. 퇴임 (Toeim): Leaving a specific official post (like a President or Professor) after finishing a term.

그는 정년까지 일하고 명예롭게 은퇴했습니다.

Translation: He worked until the retirement age and retired honorably.

When talking about athletes, the word 현역 (hyeon-yeok) is the opposite. It means 'active duty' or 'currently active'. So, when an athlete is no longer '현역', they have entered '은퇴'. In the business world, someone who has retired might still hold a title like 고문 (gomun - advisor) or 명예 회장 (myeong-ye hoejang - honorary chairman), indicating that while they have '은퇴'd from daily operations, they still maintain a symbolic connection to the organization.

Slang/Casual: 백수 (Baeksu): While not a synonym for retirement, some retirees jokingly call themselves '백수' (unemployed person/someone with 'white hands' who doesn't work).

이제 현역에서 물러나 은퇴 생활을 즐기고 있습니다.

Translation: Now I have stepped back from active duty and am enjoying retirement life.

How Formal Is It?

Wusstest du?

In ancient times, '은퇴' was often seen as a virtue for scholars and officials who wanted to avoid political corruption and live in nature.

Aussprachehilfe

UK ɯn.tʰwe

US ɯn.tʰwe

In Korean, syllables generally have equal weight, but a slight emphasis may fall on the first syllable '은'.

Reimt sich auf

쇠 (soe) 죄 (joe) 외 (oe) 뇌 (noe) 회 (hoe) 괴 (goe) 최 (choe) 되 (doe)

Häufige Fehler

Pronouncing '은' as 'en' (like English 'end'). It should be 'ɯ'.
Pronouncing '퇴' as 'toy'. It should be 'twae' (rhymes with 'way').
Missing the aspiration on the 't' in '퇴'.
Pronouncing it too quickly as 'untwa'. The 'e' at the end is distinct.
Confusing the 'eu' sound with 'oo' in 'food'.

Schwierigkeitsgrad

Lesen 3/5

The word itself is easy, but it often appears in complex economic texts.

Schreiben 3/5

Requires knowledge of Hanja-based sentence structures.

Sprechen 2/5

Easy to pronounce once you master the 'eu' and 'twae' sounds.

Hören 2/5

Distinct sound makes it easy to recognize in conversation.

Was du als Nächstes lernen solltest

Voraussetzungen

일 (work) 회사 (company) 나이 (age) 하다 (to do) 돈 (money)

Als Nächstes lernen

연금 (pension) 노후 (old age) 퇴직금 (severance pay) 정년 (retirement age) 복지 (welfare)

Fortgeschritten

고령화 사회 (aging society) 실버 산업 (silver industry) 국민연금관리공단 (National Pension Service) 임금피크제 (wage peak system)

Wichtige Grammatik

Honorific Suffix -시-

할아버지께서 은퇴하셨어요. (Grandfather retired.)

Time marker -ㄴ 후에 (After doing...)

은퇴한 후에 여행을 갈 거예요. (I will go on a trip after I retire.)

Conditional -면 (If/When)

돈이 많으면 일찍 은퇴하고 싶어요. (If I have a lot of money, I want to retire early.)

Intentional -(으)려고 (In order to...)

은퇴하려고 준비 중입니다. (I am preparing to retire.)

Noun Modifier -는 (Present tense)

은퇴하는 사람들에게 조언을 해주세요. (Please give advice to people who are retiring.)

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Beispiele nach Niveau

우리 할아버지는 작년에 은퇴하셨어요.

My grandfather retired last year.

The honorific '-시-' is used because the subject is a grandfather.

그는 이제 은퇴해서 집에 있어요.

He is retired now and stays at home.

The '-해서' ending shows a reason or sequence.

은퇴 후에 무엇을 하고 싶어요?

What do you want to do after retirement?

'후에' means 'after'.

아버지는 은퇴 파티를 좋아하셨어요.

Father liked the retirement party.

Noun + 파티 (party) creates a compound concept.

선생님, 은퇴 축하드려요!

Teacher, congratulations on your retirement!

축하드리다 is the humble form of 'to congratulate'.

저는 은퇴하고 제주도에서 살 거예요.

I will retire and live on Jeju Island.

'-고' connects two actions.

은퇴는 슬프지 않아요.

Retirement is not sad.

'-지 않아요' is a basic negation.

할머니는 은퇴가 기다려진다고 하셨어요.

Grandmother said she is looking forward to retirement.

'-다고 하다' is used for indirect quotation.

제 꿈은 일찍 은퇴하는 것입니다.

My dream is to retire early.

'-는 것' turns the verb into a noun phrase.

은퇴 자금을 모으기 시작했어요.

I started collecting retirement funds.

'-기 시작하다' means 'to start doing something'.

은퇴하면 매일 등산을 갈 거예요.

If I retire, I will go hiking every day.

'-면' means 'if' or 'when'.

그 선수는 어제 은퇴를 발표했습니다.

That player announced their retirement yesterday.

'-를 발표하다' means 'to announce'.

은퇴한 후에는 시간이 아주 많아요.

After retiring, there is a lot of time.

'-ㄴ 후에' marks the time after an action.

부모님은 은퇴 생활을 즐기고 계십니다.

My parents are enjoying their retirement life.

'-고 계시다' is the honorific progressive form.

은퇴 선물로 시계를 샀어요.

I bought a watch as a retirement gift.

'-로' indicates the purpose or role.

그는 건강 때문에 은퇴를 결정했습니다.

He decided on retirement because of his health.

'때문에' indicates a reason.

한국의 은퇴 연령은 보통 60세입니다.

The retirement age in Korea is usually 60.

'연령' is a formal word for 'age'.

조기 은퇴를 하려면 돈을 많이 저축해야 해요.

To retire early, you must save a lot of money.

'-으려면' means 'in order to'.

그 가수는 은퇴설을 공식적으로 부인했습니다.

The singer officially denied the retirement rumors.

'-설' means 'rumor' or 'theory'.

은퇴 후에 제2의 인생을 시작하는 사람들이 많습니다.

There are many people who start a second life after retirement.

'제2의 인생' is a common idiomatic expression.

은퇴 설계 상담을 받으러 은행에 갔어요.

I went to the bank to get retirement planning counseling.

'-으러 가다' means 'to go in order to'.

그는 스포츠계에서 은퇴한 지 10년이 되었습니다.

It has been 10 years since he retired from the sports world.

'-ㄴ 지 [Time] 되다' means 'it has been [Time] since'.

많은 직장인들이 은퇴 후의 빈곤을 걱정합니다.

Many office workers worry about poverty after retirement.

'빈곤' means poverty.

그는 은퇴식에서 동료들에게 감사의 인사를 전했습니다.

He gave a message of thanks to his colleagues at the retirement ceremony.

'-에게' means 'to' (people).

정년 은퇴를 앞두고 마음이 싱숭생숭합니다.

As I face retirement at the mandatory age, my mind is restless.

'앞두고' means 'facing' or 'with something ahead'.

정부는 은퇴자들을 위한 일자리 정책을 발표했습니다.

The government announced job policies for retirees.

'-를 위한' means 'for'.

그는 명예퇴직을 선택하고 퇴직금을 더 받았습니다.

He chose voluntary retirement and received more severance pay.

'퇴직금' means severance pay.

은퇴 준비는 빠를수록 좋다는 것이 전문가들의 의견입니다.

Experts' opinion is that the earlier you prepare for retirement, the better.

'-을수록' means 'the more... the more'.

베이비붐 세대의 대규모 은퇴가 사회적 이슈가 되고 있습니다.

The mass retirement of the Baby Boomer generation is becoming a social issue.

'이슈가 되다' means 'to become an issue'.

그는 정계 은퇴를 선언하고 평범한 시민으로 돌아갔습니다.

He declared retirement from politics and returned to being an ordinary citizen.

'-로 돌아가다' means 'to return to'.

은퇴 후에도 자기 계발을 멈추지 않는 자세가 필요합니다.

An attitude of not stopping self-development even after retirement is necessary.

'자기 계발' means self-development.

그 배우는 은퇴를 번복하고 5년 만에 스크린으로 복귀했습니다.

The actor reversed their retirement and returned to the screen after 5 years.

'번복하다' means to reverse or overturn.

고령화 사회에서 은퇴는 단순한 휴식이 아닌 새로운 도전의 시작입니다.

In an aging society, retirement is not just rest but the start of a new challenge.

'-이/가 아닌' means 'not [A] but [B]'.

그는 일선에서 은퇴하여 후진 양성에 힘쓰고 있습니다.

He retired from the front lines and is focusing on nurturing the next generation.

'후진 양성' means nurturing younger students/juniors.

은퇴 빈곤 문제는 국가적 차원에서 해결해야 할 시급한 과제입니다.

The problem of retirement poverty is an urgent task that must be solved at the national level.

'-해야 할' indicates future obligation.

그는 평생을 바친 연구직에서 은퇴하며 소회를 밝혔습니다.

He shared his thoughts as he retired from the research position he dedicated his life to.

'소회' means thoughts or reflections.

은퇴 자산의 포트폴리오를 다양화하여 리스크를 관리해야 합니다.

You must manage risk by diversifying your retirement asset portfolio.

'다양화하다' means to diversify.

그 작가는 은퇴를 선언한 후 산속에서 은거하며 집필에 몰두했습니다.

After declaring retirement, the writer lived in seclusion in the mountains and focused on writing.

'은거하다' means to live in seclusion.

정년 연장 논의는 은퇴 예정자들에게 매우 민감한 사안입니다.

The discussion on extending the retirement age is a very sensitive issue for those scheduled to retire.

'사안' means an issue or matter.

그는 화려한 선수 생활을 뒤로하고 명예롭게 은퇴했습니다.

He left behind a brilliant athletic career and retired honorably.

'뒤로하고' means 'leaving behind'.

은퇴라는 관문은 누구에게나 찾아오는 인생의 필연적인 과정입니다.

The gateway called retirement is an inevitable process of life that comes to everyone.

'관문' means gateway or hurdle.

그는 정치적 풍파를 뒤로하고 정계 은퇴를 통해 유유자적한 삶을 택했습니다.

Leaving behind political storms, he chose a life of leisure through retirement from politics.

'유유자적하다' means to live in leisure and freedom.

은퇴 후의 소득 공백기를 어떻게 극복하느냐가 노후 생활의 질을 결정합니다.

How one overcomes the income gap after retirement determines the quality of life in old age.

'노후' refers to one's elderly years.

그 원로 교수는 은퇴 강연에서 학문적 열정의 중요성을 역설했습니다.

The professor emeritus emphasized the importance of academic passion in his retirement lecture.

'역설하다' means to emphasize or stress.

공적 연금 체계의 불안정성은 은퇴를 앞둔 세대에게 큰 심리적 압박으로 다가옵니다.

The instability of the public pension system comes as a great psychological pressure to the generation facing retirement.

'공적 연금' means public pension.

그는 은퇴를 통해 비로소 사회적 책무에서 벗어나 진정한 자아를 찾게 되었습니다.

Through retirement, he finally escaped from social responsibilities and came to find his true self.

'비로소' means 'finally' or 'at last'.

은퇴는 노동의 종말이 아니라, 생산성의 정의를 재정립하는 시기입니다.

Retirement is not the end of labor, but a period to redefine the definition of productivity.

'재정립하다' means to redefine or re-establish.

그는 은퇴 소감을 묻는 기자들에게 담담한 어조로 심경을 전했습니다.

He conveyed his feelings in a calm tone to the reporters asking for his retirement thoughts.

'담담하다' means calm or composed.

Häufige Kollokationen

은퇴를 선언하다

조기 은퇴

정년 은퇴

은퇴 자금

은퇴 설계

은퇴 생활

은퇴 경기

은퇴식

은퇴 후

명예 은퇴

Häufige Phrasen

은퇴를 앞두다

— To have retirement ahead or to be facing retirement soon.

은퇴를 앞둔 기분이 어떠신가요?

은퇴를 결심하다

— To decide to retire.

오랜 고민 끝에 은퇴를 결심했습니다.

은퇴를 미루다

— To delay or postpone retirement.

경제적인 이유로 은퇴를 미루고 있어요.

은퇴를 강요받다

— To be forced to retire.

그는 회사 사정으로 은퇴를 강요받았습니다.

은퇴 후의 삶

— Life after retirement.

은퇴 후의 삶을 미리 준비해야 합니다.

은퇴 연령

— Retirement age.

은퇴 연령이 점점 늦어지고 있습니다.

은퇴 위기

— Retirement crisis (usually financial).

노후 준비 부족으로 은퇴 위기에 처했습니다.

현역 은퇴

— Retiring from active service/duty.

그는 현역 은퇴를 하고 코치가 되었습니다.

은퇴 자산

— Retirement assets.

은퇴 자산을 안전하게 관리하세요.

은퇴 준비

— Retirement preparation.

은퇴 준비는 20대부터 시작해야 합니다.

Wird oft verwechselt mit

은퇴 vs 퇴직

Leaving a company (can be for a new job). 은퇴 is leaving the career field entirely.

은퇴 vs 사퇴

Resigning from a specific post, often due to a problem. 은퇴 is a planned life stage.

은퇴 vs 퇴임

Leaving a high official post after a fixed term. 은퇴 is broader.

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

"제2의 인생"

— A 'second life'; the new stage of life that begins after retirement.

은퇴는 제2의 인생을 여는 문입니다.

Common

"뒷방 늙은이"

— An old person pushed to the back room; a retiree who feels useless or ignored (negative nuance).

은퇴하고 뒷방 늙은이 취급받고 싶지 않아요.

Informal/Negative

"유유자적하다"

— To live in leisure and freedom without any worries (often used for retirees).

은퇴 후 시골에서 유유자적하게 살고 싶어요.

Formal/Literary

"손을 떼다"

— To take one's hands off; to stop being involved in a business or project (often used when retiring).

그는 이제 사업에서 완전히 손을 떼고 은퇴했습니다.

Informal

"뒷걸음질 치다"

— To step backward; sometimes used metaphorically for withdrawing from public life.

그는 은퇴를 통해 경쟁에서 뒷걸음질 쳤습니다.

Literary

"인생의 황혼기"

— The twilight years of life; the period around and after retirement.

그는 인생의 황혼기를 은퇴 생활로 보내고 있습니다.

Literary

"짐을 싸다"

— To pack one's bags; can mean leaving a job for good.

그는 30년 근무를 마치고 은퇴의 짐을 쌌습니다.

Informal

"현역에서 물러나다"

— To step back from the front lines; to retire from active duty.

이제 현역에서 물러나 후배들을 지켜보려 합니다.

Formal

"칼을 갈다"

— To sharpen a sword; interestingly, some use this for preparing for a 'second career' after retirement.

은퇴 후 창업을 위해 칼을 갈고 있습니다.

Informal

"꽃길만 걷다"

— To walk only on a flower path; used as a wish for a retiree to have a happy future.

은퇴 후에도 꽃길만 걸으시길 바랍니다.

Modern Slang/Casual

Leicht verwechselbar

은퇴 vs 퇴직

Both involve leaving work.

퇴직 is about the job/company; 은퇴 is about the career/working life. You can '퇴직' five times in your life, but usually '은퇴' only once.

그는 삼성에서 퇴직하고 현대로 옮겼지만, 아직 은퇴는 안 했어요.

은퇴 vs 사직

Both mean leaving a position.

사직 is a formal word for quitting/resigning. It doesn't imply you are old or finishing your career.

사직서를 제출하고 회사를 그만두었습니다.

은퇴 vs 휴직

Both involve not working.

휴직 is a temporary leave of absence. You are still employed and will return.

육아 휴직을 1년 동안 다녀왔습니다.

은퇴 vs 해고

Both involve leaving a job.

해고 is being fired by the employer. 은퇴 is usually a voluntary or age-related withdrawal.

회사가 어려워져서 많은 직원들이 해고당했습니다.

은퇴 vs 실직

Both mean not having a job.

실직 is losing a job and being unemployed (often unwillingly). 은퇴 is a planned transition.

그는 실직한 후 새로운 일자리를 찾고 있습니다.

Satzmuster

[Subject]은/는 은퇴했어요.

할아버지는 은퇴했어요.

[Age]살에 은퇴하고 싶어요.

60살에 은퇴하고 싶어요.

은퇴 후에 [Action]을/를 할 계획입니다.

은퇴 후에 세계 일주를 할 계획입니다.

[Reason] 때문에 은퇴를 결정하게 되었습니다.

건강 문제 때문에 은퇴를 결정하게 되었습니다.

은퇴는 [A]가 아니라 [B]입니다.

은퇴는 끝이 아니라 새로운 시작입니다.

[Subject]께서 [Field]에서 명예롭게 은퇴하셨습니다.

김 교수님께서 교직에서 명예롭게 은퇴하셨습니다.

은퇴 자금을 마련하기 위해 [Action]합니다.

은퇴 자금을 마련하기 위해 저축을 합니다.

은퇴하면 [Action]할 거예요.

은퇴하면 농사를 지을 거예요.

Wortfamilie

Substantive

은퇴자 (retiree)

은퇴식 (retirement ceremony)

은퇴설 (retirement rumors)

은퇴기 (retirement period)

Verben

은퇴하다 (to retire)

은퇴시키다 (to make someone retire)

은퇴당하다 (to be forced to retire)

Verwandt

퇴직 (leaving a job)

정년 (retirement age)

연금 (pension)

노후 (old age)

퇴임 (leaving a post)

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So verwendest du es

frequency

High, especially in the context of an aging society and sports.

Häufige Fehler

Using 은퇴 for quitting a part-time job. → 그만두다 or 관두다.
은퇴 is too formal and signifies the end of a whole career, not just a temporary job.
Using 은퇴했다 for an elder without honorifics. → 은퇴하셨습니다 or 은퇴하셨어요.
In Korean culture, retirement is a major life event for elders and requires respectful language.
Confusing 은퇴 with 사퇴. → 은퇴 (career end) vs. 사퇴 (resigning from a specific post).
If a CEO '사퇴's, they might just be leaving that company. If they '은퇴's, they are done with business forever.
Using 은퇴 when you mean taking a break. → 휴식 or 휴직.
은퇴 is permanent. If you plan to work again, do not use 은퇴.
Misspelling as '안퇴' or '운퇴'. → 은퇴 (Eun-twae).
The vowel 'ㅡ' (eu) and 'ㅚ' (oe) must be written and pronounced correctly to be understood.

Tipps

Learn the Hanja

Understanding that '은' (隱) means 'hide' and '퇴' (退) means 'retreat' helps you remember the meaning of withdrawing from public life. It also helps you learn related words like '퇴장' (exit) or '은신처' (hiding place).

The 'Second Life'

In Korea, retirement is often called '제2의 인생' (Second Life). When talking to a retiree, asking about their 'second life' plans is a very positive and common way to show interest.

Use with '에서'

When specifying the field someone is retiring from, use the particle '에서'. For example, '정계에서 은퇴하다' (to retire from politics) or '현역에서 은퇴하다' (to retire from active duty).

Congratulating

If someone retires, it is polite to say '그동안 수고 많으셨습니다' (You have worked hard/Thank you for your hard work) along with '은퇴를 축하드려요'.

News Keywords

If you hear '은퇴' on the news, listen for '연금' (pension) and '고령화' (aging). These three words almost always appear together in social and economic reports.

Formal Documents

In formal letters or resumes, use '은퇴' to describe the end of a long career path, rather than '그만둠' which is too casual.

Silver Hair

Associate '은' (silver) with the silver hair of retirees. It's an easy way to remember the first syllable of the word.

Respect the Transition

For many Koreans, their job was their identity. When someone retires, acknowledging their contribution is more important than just saying they stopped working.

Retirement Funds

The term '은퇴 자금' is used constantly in ads. If you see a bank ad with an older couple smiling, you will likely see the word '은퇴' nearby.

Farewell Matches

Athletes have '은퇴 경기' (retirement matches). Fans often prepare banners saying '수고했어요' (You did a good job) to honor the player.

Einprägen

Eselsbrücke

Think of 'Silver' (은 - eun) and 'Away' (퇴 - twae). When you have silver hair, you go away from work.

Visuelle Assoziation

Imagine an old man putting his work boots in a 'hidden' (은) closet and 'stepping back' (퇴) into a garden.

Word Web

은퇴 연금 할아버지 정년 취미 여행 건강 평화

Herausforderung

Try to write three sentences about what you would do if you could 은퇴 today. Use '은퇴하면...' (If I retire...).

Wortherkunft

Derived from Sino-Korean Hanja characters. It entered the Korean language through classical Chinese influence.

Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: 隱 (은 - hide/conceal/withdraw) + 退 (퇴 - retreat/step back). The original sense was to withdraw from public life to live quietly.

Sino-Korean (Hanja)

Kultureller Kontext

Be careful when asking someone if they are '은퇴'd. It can sometimes imply they are 'old' or 'useless' if not phrased respectfully.

In English-speaking countries, retirement is often seen as a time of total leisure. In Korea, it is increasingly seen as a time for a 'second career' due to economic necessity or the desire to stay active.

Kim Yuna (Figure skater) - Her retirement was a national event in Korea. Park Ji-sung (Soccer player) - His retirement match is still remembered by fans. The movie 'Ode to My Father' - Depicts the long working life of a generation that eventually retires.

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

Financial Planning

은퇴 자금을 마련하다
연금에 가입하다
노후 대책을 세우다
투자 포트폴리오

Sports News

은퇴 경기를 치르다
현역에서 물러나다
은퇴를 선언하다
레전드의 은퇴

Family Talk

은퇴하고 뭐 하실 거예요?
은퇴 파티를 열다
건강하게 은퇴하시다
은퇴 생활을 즐기다

Job Interviews (Future Goals)

은퇴 전까지 이 분야의 전문가가 되고 싶습니다
명예로운 은퇴
사회에 공헌하다
커리어를 마무리하다

Government/Policy

정년 연장
은퇴자 일자리
고령자 복지
연금 수령액

Gesprächseinstiege

"부모님은 은퇴하셨나요? 아니면 아직 일하시나요?"

"몇 살에 은퇴하고 싶으세요?"

"은퇴 후에 가장 하고 싶은 일이 무엇인가요?"

"조기 은퇴(FIRE족)에 대해 어떻게 생각하세요?"

"은퇴 생활을 하기에 가장 좋은 나라는 어디라고 생각하시나요?"

Tagebuch-Impulse

내가 꿈꾸는 완벽한 은퇴 생활에 대해 써 보세요. (Write about your dream retirement life.)

은퇴를 앞둔 부모님께 드리고 싶은 편지를 써 보세요. (Write a letter to your parents who are facing retirement.)

한국의 고령화와 은퇴 문제에 대한 자신의 생각을 정리해 보세요. (Organize your thoughts on Korea's aging and retirement issues.)

은퇴가 인생의 끝이 아닌 이유에 대해 논해 보세요. (Discuss why retirement is not the end of life.)

은퇴 자금을 모으기 위한 나의 현재 계획은 무엇인가요? (What is your current plan for collecting retirement funds?)

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

No, it is not natural. For a part-time job (알바), use '그만두다' or '관두다'. '은퇴' is reserved for long-term professional careers or public life. If you say you 'retired' from a convenience store, people will think you are being funny or dramatic.

은퇴 (Retirement) means you are stopping your career entirely. 퇴직 (Resignation/Leaving a job) means you are leaving a specific company. You can '퇴직' from a company and then get a new job at another company. You only '은퇴' when you are done with working for good.

Not necessarily. While it can mean freedom and rest, in Korea it is often associated with '은퇴 빈곤' (retirement poverty) or a loss of social identity. Many people worry about having enough money to live after they retire.

You can say '조기 은퇴하고 싶어요' (I want to retire early) or '일찍 은퇴하고 싶어요'. The term '조기 은퇴' is the formal way to say 'early retirement'.

The most common verb is '하다', making it '은퇴하다'. You can also use '선언하다' (to declare), '결심하다' (to decide), or '앞두다' (to be facing).

Yes, if the person retiring is older than you or in a higher position. Use '은퇴하시다' and the subject particle '께서'. For example: '부모님께서 은퇴하셨어요'.

It translates to 'honorary retirement' but usually refers to 'voluntary retirement' where an employee agrees to leave the company before their mandatory retirement age in exchange for a large severance package.

Yes, '은퇴자' (euntwae-ja) is the word for a retired person. You can also use '은퇴하신 분' to be more polite.

Many people enjoy hobbies like hiking (등산), travel, or spending time with grandchildren. Some start small businesses like cafes or chicken shops, which is a common trope in Korea.

Usually, '은퇴' is for people. For a machine or system being taken out of service, you would use '폐기' (disposal) or '사용 중단' (stopping use).

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