A2 · Grundkenntnisse Kapitel 1

Pointing and Basic Counting

7 Gesamtregeln
71 Beispiele
6 Min.

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of identifying and counting everyday objects with precision using Chinese measure words.

  • Point to objects using specific demonstrative structures.
  • Apply correct measure words for books, flat items, and handled tools.
  • Order drinks confidently using containers as counting units.
Point, count, and connect like a native speaker.

Was du lernen wirst

Alright, friend, ready to level up? You’ve already mastered the basics of Chinese, and now it’s time to start sounding like a native speaker! In this chapter, we’re going to dive into how to point to things using 'this' (这) and 'that' (那), but not just any old way. Chinese uses special 'measure words' for almost everything you count, and this section is your key to unlocking that crucial layer of fluency. You'll discover that for books and bound materials, you always use (běn), not a generic placeholder! Or how (zhāng) is your go-to for flat objects like tickets, photos, or even tables. Ever wanted to order drinks like a local? This chapter will teach you to seamlessly count cups of tea or bottles of water using (bēi) and (píng), making your Chinese sound incredibly natural. Imagine yourself in a bustling Chinese cafe, confidently ordering

two cups of coffee,
or in a shop, asking for this book or three tickets, please. By the end of this chapter, you’ll be able to precisely identify and count everyday items, articulate quantities with confidence, and truly connect with Chinese speakers. Get ready to embrace these incredibly practical skills and make your conversations flow!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: correctly use 这 (zhè) and 那 (nà) with appropriate measure words.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: count physical objects like books, tickets, and chairs using specialized classifiers.
  3. 3
    By the end you will be able to: order multiple drinks in bottles or cups during a real-world transaction.

Kapitel-Leitfaden

Overview

Welcome back, future Chinese fluency champion! You’ve already tackled the foundational elements of A2 Chinese grammar, and now we're about to unlock a super practical skill that will make your conversations truly shine. This chapter is your essential guide to pointing and basic counting in Chinese, moving beyond simple numbers to embrace the elegance of Chinese measure words.
Mastering these isn't just about correctness; it's about sounding natural, precise, and confident, whether you're in a bustling market or a quiet teahouse.
Why are measure words so crucial? Think of them as the unsung heroes of Chinese grammar. Unlike English, where we often just say three books, Chinese requires a specific classifier or measure word to go between the number (or demonstrative like 'this'/'that') and the noun.
This might seem daunting at first, but it’s a logical system that adds clarity and rhythm to the language. By understanding how to use (zhè, this) and (nà, that) with the correct measure words, you’ll elevate your speaking from basic to genuinely communicative.
This chapter will teach you specific measure words like (běn) for books, (zhāng) for flat objects, (bǎ) for things with handles, and (bēi) and (píng) for drinks. Imagine the satisfaction of confidently ordering
two cups of coffee
(两杯咖啡) or asking for that book (那本书). These skills are fundamental for everyday interactions, making your Chinese A2 journey much more rewarding and your communication incredibly effective.
Let's dive in and make your Chinese sound authentic!

How This Grammar Works

At the heart of pointing and basic counting in Chinese is the structure: Demonstrative/Number + Measure Word + Noun. When you want to say this book or that bottle, you can't just put or directly before the noun. You need a specific measure word (量词, liàngcí) in between.
This is a core concept in A2 Chinese grammar.
Let's break down the rules:
Pointing with Words: Using 这/那 with Measure Words
To say this or that with a noun, the pattern is:
这/那 + Measure Word + Noun
For example, if you want to say this book, you'd use 这 + 本 + 书 (这本书, zhè běn shū). For that cup, it would be 那 + 杯 + 茶 (那杯茶, nà bēi chá).
Counting Books: The Measure Word 本 (běn)
The measure word (běn) is specifically used for books, magazines, notebooks, and other bound materials.
Example

一本书 (yī běn shū) - one book

Example

这本杂志 (zhè běn zá zhì) - this magazine

Counting Flat Objects: The Measure Word 张 (zhāng)
(zhāng) is your go-to for flat, thin objects like paper, tickets, photos, tables, and even faces!
Example

三张票 (sān zhāng piào) - three tickets

Example

那张照片 (nà zhāng zhào piàn) - that photo

Measure Word for Handles: 把 (bǎ)
The measure word (bǎ) is used for objects that have a handle, a bunch of something, or can be grasped. Common examples include chairs, umbrellas, knives, and even a handful of rice.
Example

一把椅子 (yī bǎ yǐ zi) - one chair

Example

这把伞 (zhè bǎ sǎn) - this umbrella

Counting Cups: Using 杯 (bēi) for Drinks
When ordering or talking about drinks in cups, (bēi) is the measure word.
Example

两杯咖啡 (liǎng bēi kā fēi) - two cups of coffee

Example

这杯水 (zhè bēi shuǐ) - this cup of water

Counting Bottles: How to use 瓶 (píng)
For drinks or liquids sold in bottles, (píng) is the correct measure word.
Example

一瓶啤酒 (yī píng pí jiǔ) - one bottle of beer

Example

那瓶可乐 (nà píng kě lè) - that bottle of cola

Understanding these specific Chinese measure words is key to sounding natural and precise at the A2 Chinese level.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1Wrong: 这书 (zhè shū)
Correct: 这本书 (zhè běn shū)
*Explanation:* In Chinese, you almost always need a measure word between a demonstrative (like or ) and a noun. Omitting it is a very common Chinese grammar error for beginners.
  1. 1Wrong: 三本票 (sān běn piào)
Correct: 三张票 (sān zhāng piào)
*Explanation:* While is for books, (ticket) is a flat object, so it correctly uses the measure word . Using the wrong measure word is a frequent mistake when learning A2 Chinese.
  1. 1Wrong: 我要两瓶咖啡 (wǒ yào liǎng píng kā fēi) (if you mean two cups)
Correct: 我要两杯咖啡 (wǒ yào liǎng bēi kā fēi)
*Explanation:* This highlights the distinction between (cup) and (bottle). While coffee *can* come in a bottle, usually when ordering in a cafe, you'd ask for cups of coffee. Be mindful of the context!

Real Conversations

A

A

请问,这本书多少钱? (Qǐngwèn, zhè běn shū duōshǎo qián?) (Excuse me, how much is this book?)
B

B

这本书三十块。 (Zhè běn shū sānshí kuài.) (This book is thirty kuai.)
A

A

你想喝什么? (Nǐ xiǎng hē shénme?) (What do you want to drink?)
B

B

我想喝一杯茶和一瓶水。 (Wǒ xiǎng hē yī bēi chá hé yī píng shuǐ.) (I'd like a cup of tea and a bottle of water.)
A

A

我们可以买两张票吗? (Wǒ men kě yǐ mǎi liǎng zhāng piào ma?) (Can we buy two tickets?)
B

B

可以,请稍等。 (Kě yǐ, qǐng shāo děng.) (Yes, please wait a moment.)

Quick FAQ

Q

Why are measure words so crucial in Chinese grammar?

Measure words are essential because they provide specificity and structure to nouns, indicating the type or category of the item being counted or pointed to. They are a fundamental part of how nouns are expressed in Chinese.

Q

Can I always use (gè) if I don't know the specific measure word?

While (gè) is the most common and versatile measure word, and often understood even when another specific measure word is more appropriate, it's best to learn and use the correct specific measure words. Using for everything will make your Chinese sound less natural and less precise, especially at the A2 Chinese level and beyond.

Q

What's the difference between and ?

(zhè) means this and refers to something close to the speaker, similar to here. (nà) means that and refers to something further away from the speaker, similar to there.

Q

Are there any regional differences in using these basic measure words?

For these common measure words like , , , , usage is generally consistent across different Mandarin-speaking regions. However, for more obscure measure words or specific regional items, there might be slight variations.

Cultural Context

Using correct Chinese measure words isn't just about grammatical accuracy; it's a sign of politeness and fluency. Native speakers appreciate when learners make the effort to use the right classifiers, as it shows respect for the language's structure. Confidently asking for «那把椅子» (that chair) or «两瓶啤酒» (two bottles of beer) helps you sound more integrated into daily Chinese life, making your interactions smoother and more authentic.
It's a small detail that makes a big difference in how your A2 Chinese communication is perceived.

Wichtige Beispiele (6)

1

Wǒ mǎile sān běn xīn shū.

Ich habe drei neue Bücher gekauft.

Bücher zählen: Das Zähleinheitswort (běn)
2

Zhè běn zázhì hěn yǒuqù.

Dieses Magazin ist sehr interessant.

Bücher zählen: Das Zähleinheitswort (běn)
3

{我要|Wǒ yào} {两|liǎng} {张|zhāng} {电影票|diànyǐng piào}。

Ich möchte zwei Kinokarten.

Zählen flacher Objekte: Das Zählwort 张 (zhāng)
4

{这|Zhè} {张|zhāng} {照片|zhàopiàn} {太|tài} {美|měi} {了|le}!

Dieses Foto ist so schön!

Zählen flacher Objekte: Das Zählwort 张 (zhāng)
5

{我要一杯拿铁。|Wǒ yào yī bēi nátiě.}

Ich möchte eine Tasse Latte.

Tassen zählen: {杯|bēi} für Getränke verwenden
6

{服务员,请给我两杯冰水。|Fúwùyuán, qǐng gěi wǒ liǎng bēi bīngshuǐ.}

Kellner, bitte geben Sie mir zwei Gläser Eiswasser.

Tassen zählen: {杯|bēi} für Getränke verwenden

Tipps & Tricks (4)

💡

Lerne Nomen und Zählwörter immer im Doppelpack

Merk dir nicht nur 'Buch', sondern direkt 'ein Buch'. So wird die Kombi «一本书» für dich ganz automatisch.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Mit Wörtern zeigen: 这/那 mit Zähleinheitswörtern verwenden
🎯

Die 'Zwei'-Regel

Nutze immer liǎng (两), wenn du genau zwei Bücher meinst. Er (二) klingt hier wie ein Anfängerfehler: «我有两本书。»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Bücher zählen: Das Zähleinheitswort (běn)
💡

Denk an die Oberfläche

Wenn du deine Hand flach darauflegen kannst (wie bei einem Tisch oder Papier), ist es meistens «张». Zum Beispiel: «请给我一张纸。»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Zählen flacher Objekte: Das Zählwort 张 (zhāng)
⚠️

Die 'Zwei'-Falle

Benutze niemals {二|èr} mit {杯|bēi}, wenn du etwas zählst. Es heißt immer {两杯|liǎng bēi}. {二|èr} ist nur für Mathe oder Telefonnummern!
Liǎng bēi shuǐ.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Tassen zählen: {杯|bēi} für Getränke verwenden

Wichtige Vokabeln (8)

这(zhè) this 那(nà) that 书(shū) book 张(zhāng) classifier for flat objects 把(bǎ) classifier for handled objects 咖啡(kāfēi) coffee 水(shuǐ) water 两(liǎng) two (used with measure words)

Real-World Preview

shopping-cart

At the Bookstore Cafe

Review Summary

  • 这/那 (zhè/nà) + MW + Noun
  • Number/这/那 + 本 (běn) + 书
  • Number/这/那 + 张 (zhāng) + Noun
  • Number/这/那 + 把 (bǎ) + Noun
  • Number + 杯/瓶 (bēi/píng) + Liquid

Häufige Fehler

You cannot skip the specific measure word or use 'one' (yī) as a substitute for the measure word after 'this' (zhè).

Wrong: 这一书 (zhè yī shū)
Richtig: 这本书 (zhè běn shū)

When counting 'two' of something with a measure word, 'èr' changes to 'liǎng'.

Wrong: 二杯咖啡 (èr bēi kāfēi)
Richtig: 两杯咖啡 (liǎng bēi kāfēi)

In Chinese, demonstratives (this/that) almost always require a measure word before the noun.

Wrong: 那书 (nà shū)
Richtig: 那本书 (nà běn shū)

Regeln in diesem Kapitel (7)

Next Steps

You've just unlocked a major part of Chinese grammar! Measure words feel like a secret code, and you're already cracking it. Keep up the amazing work!

Label items in your room using sticky notes with the correct measure word.

Practice ordering 3 different drinks aloud using 'liǎng' for two.

Schnelle Übung (10)

Finde und korrigiere den Fehler in diesem Satz.

这个字典很大。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 推本字典很大。
Wörterbücher sind gebundene Werke, daher brauchen sie das Zählwort '本'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Bücher zählen: Das Zähleinheitswort (běn)

Finde und korrigiere den Fehler beim Zählen von Schlüsseln.

他借给我那支钥匙。 (Tā jiè gěi wǒ nà zhī yàoshi.)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 他借给我那把钥匙。
{钥匙|yàoshi} (Schlüssel) brauchen {把|bǎ}. Das Wort {支|zhī} ist eher für Stifte gedacht.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Zählwort für Dinge mit Griff (把 bǎ)

Setze das richtige Zählwort ein.

我有一___桌子。(Ich habe einen Tisch.)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
Tische haben eine flache Oberfläche, daher nutzen wir «张» (zhāng) und nicht «个» oder «本».

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Zählen flacher Objekte: Das Zählwort 张 (zhāng)

Welcher Satz ist grammatikalisch richtig?

Wähle den besten Weg, um nach dieser Tasse Tee zu fragen:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {那杯茶|Nà bēi chá}
Hinweiswörter wie {那|nà} (jenes) brauchen auch das spezifische Zählwort {杯|bēi}.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Tassen zählen: {杯|bēi} für Getränke verwenden

Welcher Ausdruck für "drei Tickets" ist korrekt?

Wähle die richtige Phrase:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 三张票 (sān zhāng piào)
Tickets sind flache Papierobjekte, deshalb brauchen sie das Zählwort «张».

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Zählen flacher Objekte: Das Zählwort 张 (zhāng)

Welcher Satz zählt Regenschirme korrekt?

Wähle den grammatikalisch korrekten Satz:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 我买了一把伞。
Regenschirme haben Griffe, daher ist {把|bǎ} das einzig richtige Zählwort.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Zählwort für Dinge mit Griff (把 bǎ)

Finde den Fehler im Satz.

Find and fix the mistake:

{我要二杯咖啡。|Wǒ yào èr bēi kāfēi.}

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {我要两杯咖啡。|Wǒ yào liǎng bēi kāfēi.}
Wenn du 'zwei' Dinge mit einem Zählwort zählst, benutzt du {两|liǎng} statt {二|èr}.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Tassen zählen: {杯|bēi} für Getränke verwenden

Welcher Satz bedeutet korrekt 'zwei Magazine'?

Wähle den richtigen Satz aus:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 两本杂志
Beim Zählen nutzt du 'liǎng' statt 'èr' und für Magazine das Zählwort '本'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Bücher zählen: Das Zähleinheitswort (běn)

Setze das richtige Zählwort für einen Stuhl ein.

房间里有三___椅子。 (Fángjiān li yǒu sān ___ yǐzi.)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
Stühle ({椅子|yǐzi}) nutzen {把|bǎ}, weil man sie traditionell an der Lehne greift.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Zählwort für Dinge mit Griff (把 bǎ)

Fülle die Lücke mit dem richtigen Zählwort aus.

{我要一___可乐。|Wǒ yào yī ___ kělè.}

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
Flüssigkeiten wie Cola in einem Becher brauchen {杯|bēi}.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Tassen zählen: {杯|bēi} für Getränke verwenden

Score: /10

Häufige Fragen (6)

Stell es dir wie 'ein Stück' Kuchen vor. Im Chinesischen braucht fast jedes Nomen so eine Kategorie, zum Beispiel «这件衣服».
Die Grammatik braucht zwingend einen Verbinder zwischen 'dieses' und dem Ding. Richtig heißt es immer «这本书».
Ja! Da es gebunden ist und viele Seiten hat, sagst du «一本电话簿» (yī běn diànhuàbù). Es passt perfekt in diese Kategorie.
Solange es geheftet oder gebunden ist, bleibt «本» die richtige Wahl. Die Dicke spielt keine Rolle, wie bei «一本手册» (yī běn shǒucè) für eine Broschüre.
Man wird dich verstehen, aber es klingt wie ein kleines Kind. Nutze lieber «张», um wie ein Profi zu klingen. Beispiel: «我要一张票。»
Es geht um die Oberfläche. Ein Bett ist im Grunde eine große Plattform, auf der man liegt. Deshalb: «一张床».