A2 · 초중급 챕터 1

Pointing and Basic Counting

7 총 규칙
71 예문
6 분
이 챕터의 규칙 빠른 연습

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of identifying and counting everyday objects with precision using Chinese measure words.

  • Point to objects using specific demonstrative structures.
  • Apply correct measure words for books, flat items, and handled tools.
  • Order drinks confidently using containers as counting units.
Point, count, and connect like a native speaker.

배울 내용

Alright, friend, ready to level up? You’ve already mastered the basics of Chinese, and now it’s time to start sounding like a native speaker! In this chapter, we’re going to dive into how to point to things using 'this' (这) and 'that' (那), but not just any old way. Chinese uses special 'measure words' for almost everything you count, and this section is your key to unlocking that crucial layer of fluency. You'll discover that for books and bound materials, you always use 本 (běn), not a generic placeholder! Or how 张 (zhāng) is your go-to for flat objects like tickets, photos, or even tables. Ever wanted to order drinks like a local? This chapter will teach you to seamlessly count cups of tea or bottles of water using 杯 (bēi) and 瓶 (píng), making your Chinese sound incredibly natural. Imagine yourself in a bustling Chinese cafe, confidently ordering

two cups of coffee,
or in a shop, asking for this book or three tickets, please. By the end of this chapter, you’ll be able to precisely identify and count everyday items, articulate quantities with confidence, and truly connect with Chinese speakers. Get ready to embrace these incredibly practical skills and make your conversations flow!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: correctly use 这 (zhè) and 那 (nà) with appropriate measure words.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: count physical objects like books, tickets, and chairs using specialized classifiers.
  3. 3
    By the end you will be able to: order multiple drinks in bottles or cups during a real-world transaction.

챕터 가이드

Overview

Welcome back, future Chinese fluency champion! You’ve already tackled the foundational elements of A2 Chinese grammar, and now we're about to unlock a super practical skill that will make your conversations truly shine. This chapter is your essential guide to pointing and basic counting in Chinese, moving beyond simple numbers to embrace the elegance of Chinese measure words.
Mastering these isn't just about correctness; it's about sounding natural, precise, and confident, whether you're in a bustling market or a quiet teahouse.
Why are measure words so crucial? Think of them as the unsung heroes of Chinese grammar. Unlike English, where we often just say three books, Chinese requires a specific classifier or measure word to go between the number (or demonstrative like 'this'/'that') and the noun.
This might seem daunting at first, but it’s a logical system that adds clarity and rhythm to the language. By understanding how to use 这 (zhè, this) and 那 (nà, that) with the correct measure words, you’ll elevate your speaking from basic to genuinely communicative.
This chapter will teach you specific measure words like 本 (běn) for books, 张 (zhāng) for flat objects, 把 (bǎ) for things with handles, and 杯 (bēi) and 瓶 (píng) for drinks. Imagine the satisfaction of confidently ordering
two cups of coffee
(两杯咖啡) or asking for that book (那本书). These skills are fundamental for everyday interactions, making your Chinese A2 journey much more rewarding and your communication incredibly effective.
Let's dive in and make your Chinese sound authentic!

How This Grammar Works

At the heart of pointing and basic counting in Chinese is the structure: Demonstrative/Number + Measure Word + Noun. When you want to say this book or that bottle, you can't just put 这 or 那 directly before the noun. You need a specific measure word (量词, liàngcí) in between.
This is a core concept in A2 Chinese grammar.
Let's break down the rules:
Pointing with Words: Using 这/那 with Measure Words
To say this or that with a noun, the pattern is:
这/那 + Measure Word + Noun
For example, if you want to say this book, you'd use 这 + 本 + 书 (这本书, zhè běn shū). For that cup, it would be 那 + 杯 + 茶 (那杯茶, nà bēi chá).
Counting Books: The Measure Word 本 (běn)
The measure word 本 (běn) is specifically used for books, magazines, notebooks, and other bound materials.
Example

一本书 (yī běn shū) - one book

Example

这本杂志 (zhè běn zá zhì) - this magazine

Counting Flat Objects: The Measure Word 张 (zhāng)
张 (zhāng) is your go-to for flat, thin objects like paper, tickets, photos, tables, and even faces!
Example

三张票 (sān zhāng piào) - three tickets

Example

那张照片 (nà zhāng zhào piàn) - that photo

Measure Word for Handles: 把 (bǎ)
The measure word 把 (bǎ) is used for objects that have a handle, a bunch of something, or can be grasped. Common examples include chairs, umbrellas, knives, and even a handful of rice.
Example

一把椅子 (yī bǎ yǐ zi) - one chair

Example

这把伞 (zhè bǎ sǎn) - this umbrella

Counting Cups: Using 杯 (bēi) for Drinks
When ordering or talking about drinks in cups, 杯 (bēi) is the measure word.
Example

两杯咖啡 (liǎng bēi kā fēi) - two cups of coffee

Example

这杯水 (zhè bēi shuǐ) - this cup of water

Counting Bottles: How to use 瓶 (píng)
For drinks or liquids sold in bottles, 瓶 (píng) is the correct measure word.
Example

一瓶啤酒 (yī píng pí jiǔ) - one bottle of beer

Example

那瓶可乐 (nà píng kě lè) - that bottle of cola

Understanding these specific Chinese measure words is key to sounding natural and precise at the A2 Chinese level.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong: 这书 (zhè shū)
✓ Correct: 这本书 (zhè běn shū)
*Explanation:* In Chinese, you almost always need a measure word between a demonstrative (like 这 or 那) and a noun. Omitting it is a very common Chinese grammar error for beginners.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 三本票 (sān běn piào)
✓ Correct: 三张票 (sān zhāng piào)
*Explanation:* While 本 is for books, 票 (ticket) is a flat object, so it correctly uses the measure word 张. Using the wrong measure word is a frequent mistake when learning A2 Chinese.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 我要两瓶咖啡 (wǒ yào liǎng píng kā fēi) (if you mean two cups)
✓ Correct: 我要两杯咖啡 (wǒ yào liǎng bēi kā fēi)
*Explanation:* This highlights the distinction between 杯 (cup) and 瓶 (bottle). While coffee *can* come in a bottle, usually when ordering in a cafe, you'd ask for cups of coffee. Be mindful of the context!

Real Conversations

A

A

请问，这本书多少钱？ (Qǐngwèn, zhè běn shū duōshǎo qián?) (Excuse me, how much is this book?)
B

B

这本书三十块。 (Zhè běn shū sānshí kuài.) (This book is thirty kuai.)
A

A

你想喝什么？ (Nǐ xiǎng hē shénme?) (What do you want to drink?)
B

B

我想喝一杯茶和一瓶水。 (Wǒ xiǎng hē yī bēi chá hé yī píng shuǐ.) (I'd like a cup of tea and a bottle of water.)
A

A

我们可以买两张票吗？ (Wǒ men kě yǐ mǎi liǎng zhāng piào ma?) (Can we buy two tickets?)
B

B

可以，请稍等。 (Kě yǐ, qǐng shāo děng.) (Yes, please wait a moment.)

Quick FAQ

Q

Why are measure words so crucial in Chinese grammar?

Measure words are essential because they provide specificity and structure to nouns, indicating the type or category of the item being counted or pointed to. They are a fundamental part of how nouns are expressed in Chinese.

Q

Can I always use 个 (gè) if I don't know the specific measure word?

While 个 (gè) is the most common and versatile measure word, and often understood even when another specific measure word is more appropriate, it's best to learn and use the correct specific measure words. Using 个 for everything will make your Chinese sound less natural and less precise, especially at the A2 Chinese level and beyond.

Q

What's the difference between 这 and 那?

这 (zhè) means this and refers to something close to the speaker, similar to here. 那 (nà) means that and refers to something further away from the speaker, similar to there.

Q

Are there any regional differences in using these basic measure words?

For these common measure words like 本, 张, 杯, 瓶, usage is generally consistent across different Mandarin-speaking regions. However, for more obscure measure words or specific regional items, there might be slight variations.

Cultural Context

Using correct Chinese measure words isn't just about grammatical accuracy; it's a sign of politeness and fluency. Native speakers appreciate when learners make the effort to use the right classifiers, as it shows respect for the language's structure. Confidently asking for «那把椅子» (that chair) or «两瓶啤酒» (two bottles of beer) helps you sound more integrated into daily Chinese life, making your interactions smoother and more authentic.
It's a small detail that makes a big difference in how your A2 Chinese communication is perceived.

주요 예문 (2)

1

{我要|Wǒ yào} {两|liǎng} {张|zhāng} {电影票|diànyǐng piào}。

영화 티켓 두 장 주세요.

평평한 물건 세기: 양사 张 (zhāng)
2

{这|Zhè} {张|zhāng} {照片|zhàopiàn} {太|tài} {美|měi} {了|le}！

이 사진 정말 아름다워요!

평평한 물건 세기: 양사 张 (zhāng)

팁과 요령 (4)

💡

명사와 양사를 세트로 외우기

단순히 '书는 책'이라고 외우지 말고 «一本书»처럼 양사와 함께 외워보세요. 그러면 «这本书»가 입에서 훨씬 자연스럽게 나와요.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 단어로 가리키기: 양사와 함께 这/那 사용하기
🎯

'둘'을 셀 때의 규칙

책이 두 권일 때는 '二(èr)' 대신 반드시 '两(liǎng)'을 써야 자연스러워요: «我有两本书。»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 책 세기: 양사 (běn)
💡

표면을 생각하세요

손바닥을 쫙 펴서 덮을 수 있는 물건(책상이나 종이 한 장)이라면 아마 张을 쓸 거예요. «一张桌子»처럼요.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 평평한 물건 세기: 양사 张 (zhāng)
⚠️

숫자 '2'의 함정

양사 앞에서는 숫자 2를 «二»라고 하지 않아요. 꼭 «两杯»라고 말해야 자연스러워요. «我要两杯咖啡。»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 음료 세기: {杯|bēi}(~잔) 사용하기

핵심 어휘 (8)

这(zhè) this 那(nà) that 书(shū) book 张(zhāng) classifier for flat objects 把(bǎ) classifier for handled objects 咖啡(kāfēi) coffee 水(shuǐ) water 两(liǎng) two (used with measure words)

Real-World Preview

shopping-cart

At the Bookstore Cafe

Review Summary

  • 这/那 (zhè/nà) + MW + Noun
  • Number/这/那 + 本 (běn) + 书
  • Number/这/那 + 张 (zhāng) + Noun
  • Number/这/那 + 把 (bǎ) + Noun
  • Number + 杯/瓶 (bēi/píng) + Liquid

자주 하는 실수

You cannot skip the specific measure word or use 'one' (yī) as a substitute for the measure word after 'this' (zhè).

Wrong: 这一书 (zhè yī shū)
정답: 这本书 (zhè běn shū)

When counting 'two' of something with a measure word, 'èr' changes to 'liǎng'.

Wrong: 二杯咖啡 (èr bēi kāfēi)
정답: 两杯咖啡 (liǎng bēi kāfēi)

In Chinese, demonstratives (this/that) almost always require a measure word before the noun.

Wrong: 那书 (nà shū)
정답: 那本书 (nà běn shū)

이 챕터의 규칙 (7)

1

단어로 가리키기: 양사와 함께 这/那 사용하기

A2
중국어로 '이/저 것'을 말할 때는 반드시 «这/那»(이/저) + «양사» + «명사» 순서로 말해야 해요!
{这本书很有意思。|Zhè běn shū hěn yǒu yìsi.}
10 예문
2

책 세기: 양사 (běn)

A2
책처럼 종이가 묶인 물건은 일반적인 '个' 대신 꼭 «本»을 써서 세어주세요!
Wǒ mǎile sān běn xīn shū.
10 예문
3

평평한 물건 세기: 양사 张 (zhāng)

A2
평평한 물건을 셀 때는 «张»을 사용해요. «票», «照片», «桌子»처럼 표면이 넓은 것들에 붙여주세요.
{我要|Wǒ yào} {两|liǎng} {张|zhāng} {电影票|diànyǐ...
11 예문
4

음료 세기: {杯|bēi}(~잔) 사용하기

A2
숫자와 음료 사이를 연결해주는 마법의 다리 «杯»만 기억하세요! «一杯», «两杯»처럼 말이죠.
{我要一杯拿铁。|Wǒ yào yī bēi nátiě.}
10 예문
5

잔과 병 세기 (杯 & 瓶)

A2
액체류는 담긴 그릇에 따라 숫자 뒤에 «杯»나 «瓶»을 붙여서 말하면 현지인처럼 들려요!
我想安一两杯冰红茶。
10 예문
6

병 세기: 양사 瓶 (píng) 사용법

A2
병에 담긴 액체나 물건을 셀 때는 «瓶»을 사용하고, «숫자-양사-명사» 순서와 «两» 사용법만 기억하면 끝이에요!
我要一瓶矿泉水。
10 예문
7

손잡이가 있는 물건의 양사 (把 bǎ)

A2
일반적인 물건은 «个»를 쓰지만, 손잡이를 꽉 잡고 쓰는 물건은 꼭 «把»를 써주세요!
I bought a new umbrella.
10 예문

Next Steps

You've just unlocked a major part of Chinese grammar! Measure words feel like a secret code, and you're already cracking it. Keep up the amazing work!

Label items in your room using sticky notes with the correct measure word.

Practice ordering 3 different drinks aloud using 'liǎng' for two.

Continue to: Describing Clothes and Transport

빠른 연습 (9)

이 문장에서 틀린 부분을 찾아보세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

这是一本照片。(This is a photo.)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 这是一张照片。
本은 책을 셀 때 씁니다. 사진은 낱장의 평평한 종이이므로 张을 써야 합니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 평평한 물건 세기: 양사 张 (zhāng)

알맞은 양사를 채워 넣으세요.

我有一___桌子。(I have one table.)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 张
책상은 평평한 표면이 있으므로 个나 本이 아닌 张 (zhāng)을 사용합니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 평평한 물건 세기: 양사 张 (zhāng)

빈칸에 알맞은 양사를 채워보세요.

{我要一___可乐。|Wǒ yào yī ___ kělè.}

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 杯
콜라처럼 컵에 담긴 액체를 셀 때는 {杯|bēi}를 사용해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 음료 세기: {杯|bēi}(~잔) 사용하기

열쇠를 세는 표현 중 틀린 부분을 찾아 고쳐보세요.

他借给我那支钥匙 (Tā jiè gěi wǒ nà zhī yàoshi.)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 他借给我那把钥匙。 (Tā jiè gěi wǒ nà bǎ yàoshi.)
열쇠(钥匙)는 '把'를 써야 해요. '支'는 펜처럼 길쭉한 물건에 쓰는 양사랍니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 손잡이가 있는 물건의 양사 (把 bǎ)

의자를 셀 때 알맞은 양사를 채워보세요.

房间里有三___椅子。 (Fángjiān li yǒu sān ___ yǐzi.)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 把
의자(椅子)는 등받이를 잡고 옮기는 물건이라 양사 '把'를 사용해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 손잡이가 있는 물건의 양사 (把 bǎ)

문법적으로 올바른 문장을 고르세요.

저 차 한 잔을 주문하고 싶을 때 가장 좋은 표현은?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {那杯茶|Nà bēi chá}
{那|nà}(저것) 같은 지시어 뒤에도 구체적인 양사인 {杯|bēi}가 필요해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 음료 세기: {杯|bēi}(~잔) 사용하기

문장에서 틀린 부분을 찾아보세요.

{我要二杯咖啡。|Wǒ yào èr bēi kāfēi.}

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {我要两杯咖啡。|Wǒ yào liǎng bēi kāfēi.}
양사 앞에서 숫자 '2'를 셀 때는 {二|èr} 대신 {两|liǎng}을 써야 해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 음료 세기: {杯|bēi}(~잔) 사용하기

우산을 올바르게 세고 있는 문장을 고르세요.

Choose the grammatically correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 我买了一把伞。 (Wǒ mǎi le yì bǎ sǎn.)
우산은 손잡이를 쥐고 쓰는 물건이므로 양사 '把'가 필요해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 손잡이가 있는 물건의 양사 (把 bǎ)

'티켓 세 장'에 알맞은 표현은 무엇일까요?

Choose the correct phrase:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 三张票 (sān zhāng piào)
티켓은 평평한 종이 물건이므로 양사 张이 필요합니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 평평한 물건 세기: 양사 张 (zhāng)

Score: /9

자주 묻는 질문 (6)

양사는 물건을 세거나 '이/저'로 지칭할 때 필요한 단위예요. 한국어의 '한 장', '한 권'에서 '장'이나 '권' 같은 역할을 한다고 생각하면 돼요. «这张纸»처럼 명사를 분류해 줍니다.
중국어 문법에서는 «这»와 «书»를 연결할 때 반드시 양사가 필요하기 때문이에요. 명사를 먼저 '측정'해줘야 하거든요. 올바른 표현은 «这本书»입니다.
네, 맞아요! 페이지가 묶여 있는 두꺼운 형태니까 «一本电话簿»라고 말하면 아주 정확해요.
네, 얇더라도 제본이 되어 있는 팜플렛이나 소책자라면 «本»을 사용하는 게 맞습니다.
사람들이 이해는 하겠지만, 아주 어린 아이가 말하는 것처럼 들릴 수 있어요. 유창하게 말하고 싶다면 «张»을 쓰는 게 좋아요.
크기보다는 표면적이 중요해요. 침대는 기본적으로 사람이 눕는 넓은 판 형태이기 때문에 '평평한 표면' 규칙에 해당한답니다. «一张床»처럼요.
다음 챕터
Describing Clothes and Transport
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