A2 noun Neutral #4,500 am häufigsten 2 Min. Lesezeit

汉堡

hanbao hànbǎo
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Overview

The Chinese word for 'hamburger' is 汉堡 (hànbǎo). It's a direct phonetic transliteration of the English word 'Hambourg' or 'Hamburg' (the German city), which is where the dish is believed to have originated. This is a very common way for Chinese to adopt foreign words, especially for food items, brands, and modern concepts.

The character 汉 (hàn) is the same character used in '汉语' (hànyǔ), meaning 'Chinese language', and '汉族' (Hànzú), referring to the Han ethnic group, which is the majority ethnic group in China. However, in this context, it is purely phonetic and does not carry its usual semantic meaning of 'Chinese' or 'Han'.

The character 堡 (bǎo) literally means 'fortress', 'castle', or 'stronghold'. Again, in the word 汉堡, its primary function is phonetic. It's used to represent the 'b' sound from 'burger'. You might also see 堡 used in other transliterated words like '华盛顿堡' (huáshèngdùnbǎo), which is 'Fort Washington'.

When ordering a hamburger in China, you would typically say '我要一个汉堡' (wǒ yào yí ge hànbǎo), meaning 'I want a hamburger'. You can also specify the type of hamburger, for example, '鸡肉汉堡' (jīròu hànbǎo) for 'chicken burger' or '牛肉汉堡' (niúròu hànbǎo) for 'beef burger'. Fast-food chains like McDonald's (麦当劳 - Màidāngláo) and KFC (肯德基 - Kěndéjī) are very popular in China and prominently feature hamburgers on their menus. The word is widely understood across all age groups and regions in mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. It's a testament to the global spread of this popular food item and how different languages adapt foreign culinary terms. The pronunciation 'hànbǎo' is relatively easy for English speakers to grasp, with the 'han' sounding similar to 'hahn' and 'bao' like 'bow' (as in 'bow and arrow').

Beispiele

1

我喜欢吃汉堡。

Daily life

I like to eat hamburgers.

2

这家餐厅的汉堡很有名。

Dining out

The hamburgers at this restaurant are very famous.

3

他点了一个芝士汉堡。

Ordering food

He ordered a cheeseburger.

4

快餐店里汉堡是主食之一。

Fast food culture

Hamburgers are one of the staple foods in fast-food restaurants.

5

我今天午饭吃了一个汉堡。

Describing a meal

I had a hamburger for lunch today.

Häufige Kollokationen

吃汉堡
汉堡店
快餐汉堡
芝士汉堡

Wird oft verwechselt mit

汉堡 vs 汗毛

The tone and the first character are different. '汗毛' means 'body hair' or 'fine hair'.

汉堡 vs 面包

While a hamburger is often served on a bun, '面包' specifically means 'bread'. The overall meaning is different.

汉堡 vs 香肠

'香肠' means 'sausage'. It's another type of food, not a hamburger.

汉堡 vs 三明治

'三明治' means 'sandwich'. While similar in concept to a hamburger (food between bread), it's a distinct food item.

Grammatikmuster

吃汉堡 (chī hànbǎo) - to eat a hamburger 一个汉堡 (yī gè hànbǎo) - one hamburger (using the measure word '个') 汉堡包 (hànbǎobāo) - hamburger (often used interchangeably with '汉堡', '包' means 'bun') 牛肉汉堡 (niúròu hànbǎo) - beef hamburger 鸡肉汉堡 (jīròu hànbǎo) - chicken hamburger

So verwendest du es

'汉堡' (hànbǎo) is the standard and most common term for 'hamburger' in Mandarin Chinese. It is a direct phonetic transliteration of 'Hamburg,' the city. The term is widely understood across all demographics and regions in mainland China, as well as in other Chinese-speaking communities. It can refer to the classic beef patty in a bun, but is also used more broadly to describe similar sandwiches with various fillings, such as chicken burgers ('鸡肉汉堡' - jīròu hànbǎo) or fish burgers ('鱼肉汉堡' - yúróu hànbǎo). When ordering, one might simply say '我要一个汉堡' (wǒ yào yí ge hànbǎo - 'I want a hamburger'). The term is generally used in casual dining contexts, fast-food restaurants, and everyday conversations about food. There is no significant regional variation in the term itself, making it a universally recognized word for this popular food item in Chinese.

Häufige Fehler

A common mistake is confusing 汉堡 (hànbǎo) with 面包 (miànbāo), which means bread. While a hamburger contains bread, 汉堡 specifically refers to the full hamburger sandwich. Another potential mistake for beginners might be to pronounce the 'bǎo' with a first tone instead of a third tone.

Tipps

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Word Origin

'汉堡' (hànbǎo) is a phonetic transliteration of the English word 'hamburger'. This is a common way for Chinese to adopt foreign food names.

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Common Confusion

While '汉堡' specifically refers to a hamburger, the word '包' (bāo) can mean 'bun' or 'dumpling'. However, in '汉堡', '堡' (bǎo) is part of the transliteration and doesn't independently mean 'bun' in this context. If you want to refer to the bun of a hamburger, you would say '汉堡包' (hànbǎobāo).

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Usage in Context

'汉堡' is frequently used in daily conversation, especially when ordering food. You might hear phrases like '来一个汉堡' (lái yī gè hànbǎo - 'Give me a hamburger') or '汉堡套餐' (hànbǎo tàocān - 'hamburger meal'). It's a very common and easily understood word.

Wortherkunft

From German “Hamburg”, as in “Hamburg steak”.

Kultureller Kontext

The word '汉堡' (hànbǎo) directly translates to 'Hamburg' in English, reflecting its origin as a food item believed to have originated in Hamburg, Germany, before becoming widely popularized in the United States. In China, hamburgers were introduced relatively recently compared to their Western history, primarily through the expansion of international fast-food chains like McDonald's and KFC starting in the late 20th century. Consequently, hamburgers are strongly associated with Western culture and modern, convenient dining. They are often seen as a treat, a quick meal option, or a symbol of globalization and modern lifestyles. While initially a novelty, '汉堡' has become a common food item, particularly popular among younger generations and in urban areas, adapting to local tastes with variations sometimes incorporating Chinese ingredients or flavors.

Merkhilfe

The Han in 汉堡 (hànbǎo) sounds like 'hand,' and 堡 (bǎo) sounds like 'bow.' Imagine holding a hamburger in your hand and taking a bow after eating it because it was so delicious!

Häufig gestellte Fragen

4 Fragen

The Chinese word for 'hamburger' is '汉堡' (hànbǎo). It's a direct phonetic transliteration of the English word 'hamburger' into Mandarin Chinese. This is a very common way that foreign food items and other loanwords are adopted into the Chinese language, making them recognizable to Mandarin speakers while still retaining a connection to their original sound. You'll hear this term widely used in restaurants, fast food chains, and everyday conversation across China when referring to this popular Western dish.

The pronunciation of '汉堡' is 'hànbǎo'. In pinyin, 'hàn' is pronounced with a falling tone, similar to the 'ahn' in 'khan' but with a breathier 'h' sound. 'bǎo' is pronounced with a rising tone, similar to the 'bow' in 'rainbow' when it goes up. When spoken together, it sounds very much like 'hahn-bow'. Practicing these tones is key to accurate pronunciation, and you can often find audio examples online to help you perfect it. It's a relatively easy word for English speakers to pick up due to its phonetic similarity.

Yes, '汉堡' is extremely common and widely understood throughout China. With the global popularity of fast food chains like McDonald's and KFC, the term '汉堡' has become a household word. You'll find it on menus, in advertisements, and in casual conversations. Even traditional Chinese restaurants might offer a 'Chinese-style hamburger' using this term. Its prevalence reflects the significant cultural exchange and adoption of Western culinary influences in modern China. It's an essential word for anyone visiting or living in China.

While '汉堡' (hànbǎo) is the most common and universally understood term for 'hamburger' in Chinese, you might occasionally encounter more descriptive phrases. For example, '汉堡包' (hànbǎobāo) literally means 'hamburger bun' or 'hamburger bread,' but it can also be used interchangeably to refer to the whole hamburger, especially in older contexts or certain regions. However, '汉堡' on its own is concise, modern, and the preferred term for most people. Sticking with '汉堡' will ensure you're always understood when ordering or talking about hamburgers in China.

Teste dich selbst

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我喜欢吃___。

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这个餐厅的___很好吃。

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我们点了一个___和薯条。

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