关上 in 30 Sekunden
- 关上 (guānshàng) is a basic Chinese verb meaning 'to close' or 'to shut', commonly used for doors, windows, and lights in daily life.
- It uses the resultative complement 'shàng', which emphasizes that the object is now in a closed state or that two parts are touching.
- In the 'Ba' (把) construction, it is the standard way to give commands like 'Close the door' (把门关上).
- Beyond physical objects, it can be used metaphorically to mean closing one's heart or ending a negotiation.
The term 关上 (guānshàng) is a quintessential example of a Chinese resultative verb construction. At its most fundamental level, it means 'to close' or 'to shut.' However, to truly understand its depth, one must look at its components: 关 (guān), which means to close or turn off, and 上 (shàng), which in this context acts as a resultative complement indicating that the action has reached a state of completion, contact, or closure.
- Literal Action
- The physical movement of bringing two parts together to eliminate a gap, such as a door meeting a frame.
- State of Completion
- The use of 'shàng' implies that the object is now firmly in the 'closed' state, emphasizing the result over the process.
- Functional Utility
- It is used for doors, windows, lids, and even electronic devices where a 'circuit' or 'path' is closed or terminated.
请把门关上，外面很冷。(Please close the door; it is very cold outside.)
In everyday life, you will encounter this word in almost every environment—from the home to the office. It carries a sense of finality and security. When you 'guānshàng' something, you are often creating a boundary. This boundary can be physical, like shutting a window to keep out the rain, or metaphorical, like closing a chapter of your life. The beauty of the 'shàng' complement is that it suggests the two surfaces have touched or 'latched' onto each other. This is why we use it for things that have a 'mating' surface, like a drawer or a lid.
别忘了关上电脑。(Don't forget to shut down/close the computer.)
Historically, the character 关 depicted a gate with a bar across it. Adding 'shàng' (up/on) reinforces the idea of the bar being placed 'on' the gate to secure it. This visual history helps learners understand why this specific combination is so prevalent. It isn't just about the movement; it's about the security of the closure. Whether you are shutting a book or closing a valve, the focus remains on the successful transition from an open state to a closed one.
他轻轻地关上了日记本。(He gently closed his diary.)
- Tactile Feedback
- The word often implies a tactile finish—the click of a lock or the thud of a door.
- Visual Closure
- It describes the visual disappearance of an opening.
窗户已经关上了。(The window has already been closed.)
把灯关上吧，我们要睡觉了。(Turn off the lights; we are going to sleep.)
Using 关上 (guānshàng) correctly requires an understanding of the 'Ba' (把) construction and resultative complements. Because 'guānshàng' is a transitive verb phrase that results in a clear change of state for an object, it is very frequently used in the 'Subject + 把 + Object + Verb + Complement' pattern.
- The 'Ba' Structure
- This is the most common way to give commands or describe actions. Example: '请把窗户关上' (Please close the window).
- Simple S-V-O
- You can also use it in a standard S-V-O pattern: '他关上了门' (He closed the door). Note the 'le' (了) usually follows the whole verb-complement unit.
- Imperative Use
- In quick commands, you might just say '关上门!' (Close the door!).
你能不能把电视关上？(Can you turn off the TV?)
When dealing with electronics, 'guānshàng' is interchangeable with 'guāndiào' (关掉), but 'guānshàng' often feels more like 'shutting it down' or 'closing the lid/app,' whereas 'guāndiào' focuses on 'turning off' the power. For physical objects like boxes, drawers, and bottles, 'guānshàng' is the standard choice. It implies that the opening is now sealed or covered.
请关上你的水龙头。(Please turn off your faucet.)
In more advanced usage, 'guānshàng' can be used for abstract concepts. For instance, '关上心扉' (guānshàng xīnfēi) means to close one's heart to others. Here, the 'shàng' emphasizes the sealing of the heart's metaphorical doors. It is also used in business contexts, such as '关上谈判的大门' (closing the door on negotiations), indicating that no further discussion will be tolerated.
他已经对这段感情关上了心扉。(He has already closed his heart to this relationship.)
- Potential Complement
- You can insert 'de' or 'bu' to indicate ability: '关得上' (can be closed) or '关不上' (cannot be closed, e.g., because it's broken).
- Directional Nuance
- Unlike 'guānhǎo' (close it well), 'guānshàng' focuses purely on the act of shutting.
这扇窗户坏了，关不上。(This window is broken; it won't shut.)
You will hear 关上 (guānshàng) in almost every social setting in China. It is a high-frequency verb that appears in domestic, professional, and public environments. Understanding the context of where you hear it will help you master its pragmatic weight.
- At Home
- Parents telling children to '关上门' (close the door) or '关上灯' (turn off the light) is a daily occurrence.
- In the Office
- Colleagues might ask to '关上窗户' (close the window) if there is a draft or noise from outside.
- Public Transport
- You might hear announcements or people saying '请关上车窗' (Please close the vehicle window).
“师傅，麻烦把后备箱关上。” (“Driver, please close the trunk.”)
In movies and TV dramas, '关上' often carries emotional weight. A character might dramatically '关上门' to signal the end of a relationship or '关上灯' to indicate the end of a long day. In suspense or horror genres, the sound of a door being '关上' (the 'thud') is a classic trope used to create tension. In these contexts, the word is often spoken with emphasis to highlight the finality of the action.
他一句话没说，就关上了门。(He didn't say a word and just closed the door.)
In the digital world, you'll hear it in tech tutorials or from friends talking about apps. While '关闭' is the label on the button, people will say '把那个网页关上' (close that webpage). It treats the digital window as a physical one, showing how language adapts to new technology while keeping old metaphors.
快把那个弹窗关上，太烦人了。(Quick, close that pop-up; it's so annoying.)
- Service Industry
- Waiters might ask to '关上火' (turn off the fire/stove) when a hotpot is finished.
- Weather Contexts
- During a sandstorm or heavy rain, '关上' is the most common verb used for securing the house.
外面下雨了，快去把窗户关上。(It's raining outside; go close the windows quickly.)
While 关上 (guānshàng) seems simple, learners often trip up on its specific constraints and its relationship with other 'closing' verbs. The most common error is using it where '关闭' or '关掉' would be more appropriate, or misplacing the resultative complement.
- Mistake 1: Confusing with 关掉 (guāndiào)
- Use 'guāndiào' for turning off power/flow (lights, radio, water). Use 'guānshàng' for the physical act of shutting. While they overlap, 'guāndiào' emphasizes 'off', while 'guānshàng' emphasizes 'shut'.
- Mistake 2: Using for 'Closing' a Store
- You don't say '商店关上了' to mean a shop is closed for the day. You say '打烊' (dǎyàng) or '关门' (guānmén). '关上门' would literally mean someone pushed the door shut.
- Mistake 3: Word Order with 'Le'
- Incorrect: 关了上门. Correct: 关上了门. The 'le' must come after the resultative complement 'shàng'.
❌ 我把灯关上掉了。(Incorrect mixing of complements)
✅ 我把灯关上了。 OR 我把灯关掉了。(Correct)
Another frequent mistake is using '关上' for things that don't have a 'shàng' (contact/up) logic. For example, closing your eyes is usually '闭上眼' (bìshàng yǎn), not '关上眼'. While 'shàng' is the same, the base verb 'guān' isn't used for eyes. Similarly, closing a meeting is '结束' (jiéshù) or '闭幕' (bìmù), not '关上会议'.
❌ 请关上你的眼睛。(Incorrect verb for eyes)
✅ 请闭上你的眼睛。(Correct: Use 闭 bì)
Learners also struggle with the 'potential' form. If you want to say 'I can't close it,' you must use '关不上' (guān bù shàng). Many students mistakenly say '不能关上', which is grammatically possible but sounds less natural than the potential complement form in everyday speech.
抽屉卡住了，我关不上。(The drawer is stuck; I can't shut it.)
- Mistake 4: Overusing 'Ba'
- While 'Ba' is common, don't force it if the sentence is simple. '他关上了门' is perfectly fine; you don't always need '他把门关上了'.
- Mistake 5: Confusion with 合上 (héshàng)
- Use '合上' for things that fold together like books or laptops. '关上' is more general but '合上' is more precise for folding mechanisms.
Understanding the synonyms of 关上 (guānshàng) will help you choose the right word for the right level of formality and the specific object being closed.
- 关闭 (guānbì)
- This is the formal, written version of '关上'. You see it on signs (e.g., '通道已关闭' - Passage closed) or in news reports about factories closing down. It is less common in spoken commands.
- 合上 (héshàng)
- Specifically used for things that have two halves that meet, like a book, a laptop, or a pair of hands. It emphasizes the 'joining' (合) aspect.
- 关掉 (guāndiào)
- Focuses on 'turning off' or 'cutting off'. Used for electricity, water, or gas. If you say '关掉灯', you are emphasizing that the light is now off. If you say '关上灯', it's slightly more focused on the switch action.
请合上书，现在开始考试。(Please close your books; the exam is starting now.)
There are also more specific verbs like 掩上 (yǎnshàng), which means to pull a door to so it's nearly closed but not latched, often used in literature to create a sense of mystery or privacy. Then there is 锁上 (suǒshàng), which specifically means to lock something after closing it.
她轻轻地把门掩上了。(She gently pulled the door to.)
In the context of technology, '关闭' is the standard translation for 'Close' (like a window in Windows or macOS), while '退出' (tuìchū) is used for 'Exit' or 'Quit' an application. Using '关上' in a tech context makes you sound like you are treating the computer as a physical object, which is common in casual speech but not in technical documentation.
- 封上 (fēngshàng)
- To seal something, like an envelope or a box with tape.
- 扣上 (kòushàng)
- To button up or fasten a clasp.
别忘了把信封封上。(Don't forget to seal the envelope.)
How Formal Is It?
Schwierigkeitsgrad
Wichtige Grammatik
Resultative Complements
The 'Ba' Sentence
Potential Complements
Verb Reduplication (rare for guānshàng)
Beispiele nach Niveau
请关上门。
Please close the door.
Imperative sentence using the verb directly.
把窗户关上。
Close the window.
Standard 'Ba' construction.
关上灯吧。
Turn off the light.
The particle 'ba' suggests a suggestion.
他关上了书。
He closed the book.
Resultative complement 'shàng' + 'le' for completed action.
我要关上电脑。
I want to close/turn off the computer.
Using 'want to' (yào) with the verb.
请把抽屉关上。
Please close the drawer.
'Ba' construction with a common household object.
关上水龙头。
Turn off the faucet.
Direct command.
别关上窗户。
Don't close the window.
Negative imperative using 'bié'.
他忘了关上灯就出去了。
He forgot to turn off the light before going out.
Complex sentence with 'forgot to' (wàngle).
外面很吵，请把窗户关上。
It's noisy outside, please close the window.
Providing a reason before the request.
我已经把门关上了。
I have already closed the door.
Using 'already' (yǐjīng) with 'le'.
你能帮我关上电视吗？
Can you help me turn off the TV?
Polite request using 'can you help' (néng bāng wǒ).
请关上你的手机。
Please turn off your phone.
Using 'guānshàng' for electronic devices.
他轻轻地关上了房门。
He gently closed the bedroom door.
Adverbial 'qīngqīng de' modifying the action.
把那个盒子关上。
Close that box.
Using 'nàge' (that) to specify the object.
我没关上窗户，所以房间里很湿。
I didn't close the window, so the room is wet.
Negative past action 'méi' + resultative.
这扇门坏了，关不上。
This door is broken; it won't shut.
Potential complement 'guān bù shàng' (cannot close).
你关得上那个大窗户吗？
Can you manage to close that big window?
Potential complement 'guān de shàng' (can close).
他关上话匣子，不再说话了。
He shut his 'chatterbox' and stopped talking.
Idiomatic use of 'guānshàng'.
请把所有的文件都关上。
Please close all the files.
Using 'all' (suǒyǒu de) with digital objects.
他关上了通往阳台的门。
He closed the door leading to the balcony.
Using a descriptive phrase for the object.
你要是冷，就把窗户关上吧。
If you are cold, then close the window.
Conditional 'yàoshì... jiù...' structure.
他关上了抽屉，锁好了门。
He closed the drawer and locked the door.
Sequential actions.
把盖子关上，不然味道会散掉。
Close the lid, otherwise the smell will dissipate.
Using 'otherwise' (bùrán).
他已经对外界关上了心扉。
He has already closed his heart to the outside world.
Metaphorical use for emotional state.
这次失败并没有关上他通往成功的大门。
This failure did not close the door to success for him.
Abstract 'door to success'.
政府关上了与叛军谈判的大门。
The government closed the door on negotiations with the rebels.
Political/Formal context.
他关上了日记本，深深地叹了一口气。
He closed his diary and sighed deeply.
Narrative style with emotional description.
请关上你的麦克风，现在是休息时间。
Please turn off your microphone; it is now break time.
Modern digital etiquette.
他试图关上那个充满回忆的盒子。
He tried to close that box full of memories.
Symbolic usage.
风把门猛地关上了。
The wind slammed the door shut.
Resultative complement with an adverb 'měngde'.
在关上电脑之前，请保存你的工作。
Before shutting down the computer, please save your work.
Temporal clause 'zhīqián'.
他那番话彻底关上了和解的可能性。
Those words of his completely closed off the possibility of reconciliation.
Abstract noun 'possibility' as the object.
随着最后一批游客离开，景区关上了大门。
As the last batch of tourists left, the scenic area closed its gates.
Using 'suízhe' (along with) for simultaneous events.
他关上了话匣子，陷入了长久的沉默。
He shut his mouth and fell into a long silence.
Literary description of silence.
不要因为一次挫折就关上尝试的心门。
Don't close the door of your heart to trying just because of one setback.
Philosophical advice.
他顺手关上了灯，房间陷入了黑暗。
He casually turned off the light, and the room fell into darkness.
Using 'shùnshǒu' (conveniently/casually).
关上这扇窗，或许你会发现另一道风景。
Close this window, and perhaps you will find another view.
Metaphorical/Poetic structure.
他关上了那个曾经让他痴迷的网页。
He closed the webpage that once obsessed him.
Relative clause modifying the object.
在历史的洪流中，有些门一旦关上就再也打不开了。
In the torrent of history, some doors, once closed, can never be opened again.
Complex conditional and potential forms.
他的离世为那个辉煌的时代关上了大门。
His passing closed the door on that glorious era.
High-level metaphorical usage for history/time.
关上心扉并非解决孤独的良方。
Closing one's heart is not a good remedy for loneliness.
Abstract subject in a philosophical statement.
他决绝地关上了与过去联系的所有渠道。
He resolutely closed all channels of contact with the past.
Using 'juéjué de' (resolutely) with abstract objects.
在法律的严威下，他关上了狡辩的嘴巴。
Under the strict majesty of the law, he shut his quibbling mouth.
Formal/Literary register.
关上灯，让灵魂在黑暗中独自起舞。
Turn off the lights and let the soul dance alone in the dark.
Poetic/Artistic expression.
他关上了那本沉重的历史巨著。
He closed that heavy historical masterpiece.
Descriptive adjectives for emphasis.
随着技术的更迭，老旧的系统正被逐渐关上。
With the iteration of technology, old systems are being gradually shut down.
Passive voice in a technical/evolutionary context.
关上这扇门，意味着我们要迎接全新的挑战。
Closing this door means we are to embrace brand new challenges.
Gerund-like usage of the verb phrase as a subject.
Häufige Kollokationen
Häufige Phrasen
Wird oft verwechselt mit
Redewendungen & Ausdrücke
Leicht verwechselbar
Satzmuster
Wortfamilie
Verwandt
So verwendest du es
Always use 关上 for 'closing the heart' (心扉).
关不上 is very common for broken items.
Interchangeable with 关掉, but 关上 feels more physical.
- Using 关上 for eyes (should be 闭上).
- Saying 关门上 instead of 关上门.
- Using 关上 for a business closing permanently (should be 倒闭).
- Confusing 关上 with 关掉 for electrical power (though they overlap).
- Forgetting the 'le' in '我关上门' when the action is finished.
Tipps
Resultative Focus
Always remember that 'shàng' indicates the result. If you just want to say 'close', 'guān' might suffice, but 'guānshàng' is more complete.
Ba Sentence
The 'Ba' construction is your best friend with this word. '把门关上' sounds much more natural than '关上门' in many contexts.
Specific Verbs
Use '合上' for books and '闭上' for eyes to sound like a pro.
Tone Sandhi
In rapid speech, 'shàng' often loses its full 4th tone and becomes neutral.
Privacy
Closing a door in China is a sign of wanting privacy; always ask before closing someone else's door.
Digital Windows
Treat computer windows like real windows; you can '关上' a browser tab.
Gas and Water
For safety, always '关上' the gas (煤气) or water (水) when leaving for a long time.
Emotional Closure
Use '关上心扉' to describe someone who is being emotionally distant.
Narrative Flow
Use '轻轻地关上' (gently close) to add atmosphere to your stories.
Listen for 'Shàng'
The 'shàng' sound is a quick 'sh-ang'—don't miss it!
Einprägen
Wortherkunft
Kultureller Kontext
Closing the door is often expected when entering a room to maintain 'mianzi' (face) and privacy.
In some regions, leaving a door 'half-closed' is considered bad luck or inviting ghosts.
Im Alltag üben
Kontexte aus dem Alltag
Gesprächseinstiege
"你能帮我把窗户关上吗？"
"你睡觉前会关上手机吗？"
"为什么他把门关上了？"
"请问可以关上灯吗？"
"你觉得关上心扉是好事吗？"
Tagebuch-Impulse
描述一次你忘了关上门或窗的经历。
当你想独处时，你会关上什么？
写一段关于‘关上过去的大门’的文字。
你认为在什么情况下应该关上话匣子？
描述你关上电脑后的感受。
Häufig gestellte Fragen
10 FragenNo, for eyes you should use 闭上 (bìshàng).
关 is the general verb; 关上 emphasizes the result of being shut.
Use the potential complement: 关不上 (guān bù shàng).
No, use 关门 (guānmén) or 打烊 (dǎyàng).
Both are correct, but 关上灯 is more specific to the action.
The opposite is 打开 (dǎkāi).
No, use 结束 (jiéshù) or 闭幕 (bìmù).
Yes, it is standard across all Mandarin-speaking regions.
Yes, but 合上书 is more precise for a book.
No, it just means to shut. To lock is 锁上 (suǒshàng).
Teste dich selbst 180 Fragen
/ 180 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
Mastering '关上' involves understanding the resultative complement 'shàng'. It is more than just 'closing'; it is the act of ensuring something is shut, sealed, or turned off, making it essential for both physical actions and abstract boundaries.
- 关上 (guānshàng) is a basic Chinese verb meaning 'to close' or 'to shut', commonly used for doors, windows, and lights in daily life.
- It uses the resultative complement 'shàng', which emphasizes that the object is now in a closed state or that two parts are touching.
- In the 'Ba' (把) construction, it is the standard way to give commands like 'Close the door' (把门关上).
- Beyond physical objects, it can be used metaphorically to mean closing one's heart or ending a negotiation.
Resultative Focus
Always remember that 'shàng' indicates the result. If you just want to say 'close', 'guān' might suffice, but 'guānshàng' is more complete.
Ba Sentence
The 'Ba' construction is your best friend with this word. '把门关上' sounds much more natural than '关上门' in many contexts.
Specific Verbs
Use '合上' for books and '闭上' for eyes to sound like a pro.
Tone Sandhi
In rapid speech, 'shàng' often loses its full 4th tone and becomes neutral.
Beispiel
天气冷了，请把门关上。
Verwandte Inhalte
Dieses Wort in anderen Sprachen
Verwandte Redewendungen
Mehr general Wörter
一下儿
A1Es bedeutet 'ein bisschen' oder 'einen Moment' und wird nach Verben verwendet, um höflicher zu klingen.
点儿
A1Ein bisschen oder eine kleine Menge. Wird nach Verben für 'etwas' und nach Adjektiven für einen Komparativ verwendet.
有点儿
A1ein bisschen (meistens negativ)
一下
A2Ein bisschen; einen Moment (wird nach einem Verb verwendet, um den Ton zu mildern).
一点儿
A1Ein bisschen; eine kleine Menge.
一会儿
A1Ein Augenblick, eine Weile.
一部分
B1Ein Teil; ein Anteil; eine Minderheit.
异样
B1Etwas Ungewöhnliches oder Abweichendes vom Normalzustand.
关于
A1Präposition mit der Bedeutung 'über' oder 'bezüglich'. Sie wird verwendet, um ein Thema einzuleiten oder den Inhalt eines Buches oder Gesprächs zu beschreiben.
快要
A2Der Zug wird gleich im Bahnhof ankommen. Es fängt gleich an zu regnen, nimm einen Regenschirm mit.
