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B1 verb/noun #3,600 am häufigsten 8 Min. Lesezeit

干扰

ganrao Top 3,600

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At the A1 level, you can think of 干扰 (gānrǎo) as 'noise' or 'something that stops you from doing something easily.' Imagine you are sleeping and a loud car goes by. That car is a 干扰. Even though the word is a bit advanced, you might see it in simple signs like 'No Noise' or in basic sentences about why you can't hear someone on the phone. Think: 'Noise = 干扰.' It's a bit like 'bad noise.' At this level, don't worry about the complex grammar; just remember that it's an 'unwanted thing' that makes it hard to focus or listen. For example, if your friend is talking while you watch TV, you can say, 'Too much 干扰!' (though '太吵了' is more common for A1). The key is the 'disruption' of your peace.

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At the A2 level, you should start using 干扰 (gānrǎo) to describe simple problems with technology or concentration. You might say, 'My phone has no signal because of interference' (手机信号受到了干扰). This is more specific than just saying 'it's broken.' You can also use it when talking about study habits, like 'I don't like to study in the living room because there is too much interference (distraction).' You are beginning to see that 干扰 is not just a sound, but an action. It's an external force. You can start to distinguish it from 打扰 (dǎrǎo). If you knock on a door, you 打扰 someone. If you play loud music while they study, you 干扰 their work.

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At the B1 level, you are expected to use 干扰 (gānrǎo) as both a verb and a noun in various contexts. You should understand the pattern 'A 干扰 B.' For example, 'Don't let your emotions interfere with your work' (别让情绪干扰你的工作). This level focuses on abstract interference—not just physical noise, but feelings, thoughts, and complex systems. You should also be familiar with the phrase '排除干扰' (exclude/eliminate interference), which is common in self-help and professional contexts. You are moving beyond simple 'noise' into 'disruption of a process.' You might see this word in news headlines or in more detailed descriptions of why a plan didn't work out as expected.

At the B2 level, you should use 干扰 (gānrǎo) with precision in professional and academic discussions. You will encounter it in scientific texts (electromagnetic interference) and political discussions (interference in internal affairs). You should be able to use it in passive structures: 'The experiment was interfered with by temperature changes' (实验受到了温度变化的干扰). At this stage, you should also understand the nuance between 干扰, 干涉 (meddling), and 扰乱 (creating chaos). You can explain complex situations, such as how social media might 'interfere' with public opinion or how a specific law might 'interfere' with market competition. Your vocabulary is now sophisticated enough to discuss systemic disruptions.

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At the C1 level, 干扰 (gānrǎo) becomes a tool for nuanced analysis. You will use it to discuss subtle psychological phenomena, such as 'proactive interference' in memory (前摄干扰). You will recognize it in classical literature or high-level legal documents where the right to 'non-interference' is discussed. You should be able to use the word in metaphorical ways, such as 'the interference of fate' or 'the interference of historical factors on modern policy.' You are expected to understand its collocations perfectly, such as '抗干扰能力' (anti-interference capability), which can refer to a machine's technical specs or a person's mental toughness. You can use it to critique complex systems, identifying exactly where the 'interference' occurs in a chain of events.

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At the C2 level, you have a masterly command of 干扰 (gānrǎo). you understand its etymological roots and how it has evolved from physical disturbance to a high-level technical and political term. You can use it in philosophical debates about free will (the interference of external variables) or in high-level geopolitical analysis. You can effortlessly switch between its technical meaning in quantum physics (wave interference) and its use in describing subtle social dynamics. You might use it in creative writing to describe a character's internal struggle, where one thought 'interferes' with another like ripples on a pond. At this level, the word is not just a vocabulary item but a conceptual building block for expressing complex, interlocking ideas about systems and their disruptions.

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干扰 in 30 Sekunden

干扰 (gānrǎo) is a B1-level Chinese word meaning 'to interfere' or 'interference,' used for both physical signals and abstract concepts like focus or plans.
It differs from the polite '打扰' (dǎrǎo) by implying a more serious or functional disruption rather than just a social interruption.
Commonly found in technical contexts (radio interference), psychology (mental distraction), and politics (interfering in internal affairs).
Grammatically, it can be a verb ('A interferes with B') or a noun ('to receive interference'), making it highly flexible for learners.

The Chinese word 干扰 (gānrǎo) is a versatile term that functions as both a verb and a noun. At its core, it describes the act of intervening in a process or state, often resulting in a disruption, obstruction, or a decrease in clarity. For English speakers, it most closely maps to 'interfere,' 'disturb,' 'disrupt,' or 'jam' (in a technical sense). Unlike its milder cousin 打扰 (dǎrǎo), which usually refers to a polite social interruption (like knocking on a door), 干扰 carries a heavier, more impactful connotation of affecting the outcome or quality of something.

Technical Interference: In the realm of physics and telecommunications, 干扰 refers to unwanted signals that overlap with the intended ones. Think of static on a radio or a fuzzy television screen. This is 'electronic interference' or 'signal jamming.'
Psychological/Focus Interference: When you are trying to concentrate and loud construction noise outside makes it impossible, that noise is 干扰. It is an external force that breaks your internal focus.
Social/Political Interference: In a more formal or global context, 干扰 is used to describe one entity meddling in the affairs of another, such as 'interfering in internal affairs' (干扰内政).

无线电信号受到了严重的干扰，我们无法通话。
(The radio signal suffered serious interference; we cannot communicate.)

Historically, the character 干 (gān) relates to a shield or a stem, implying a sense of involvement or intervention, while 扰 (rǎo) means to disturb or harass. Together, they create a sense of 'active disturbance.' You will encounter this word in news reports regarding international relations, in technical manuals for electronics, and in academic discussions about cognitive psychology. It is a B1-level word because it moves beyond simple actions into abstract concepts of systemic disruption.

请不要让外界的噪音干扰你的判断。
(Don't let outside noise interfere with your judgment.)

Formal vs. Informal: While 打扰 is used when you ask a stranger for directions, 干扰 is used when a loud party next door prevents you from sleeping. One is a social lubricant; the other is a functional disruption.

To master 干扰, imagine a straight line representing a process. Anything that bumps into that line, makes it wavy, or breaks it entirely is 干扰. Whether it's a hacker 'interfering' with a server or a parent 'interfering' with a child's decision, the core image remains the same: an unwelcome intrusion into a steady state.

Using 干扰 (gānrǎo) correctly requires understanding its grammatical flexibility. It can serve as a transitive verb (taking an object), an intransitive verb (in passive structures), or a noun. Its placement in a sentence dictates whether you are focusing on the source of the interference or the result of it.

Pattern 1: A 干扰 B (Subject-Verb-Object): This is the most direct way to use the word. Something (A) interferes with something else (B).
Example: 手机信号会干扰飞机的导航系统。(Mobile signals will interfere with the plane's navigation system.)
Pattern 2: B 受到 (Subject) 的干扰 (Passive Noun): This describes the state of being interfered with. It is very common in technical and academic writing.
Example: 实验结果受到了外界环境的干扰。(The experimental results were interfered with by the external environment.)
Pattern 3: 排除干扰 (Verb-Object Collocation): This is a common phrase meaning 'to eliminate interference' or 'to clear away distractions.'
Example: 我们必须排除一切干扰，全力以赴。(We must eliminate all distractions and give our all.)

这种噪音严重干扰了我的睡眠。
(This noise seriously interfered with my sleep.)

When using 干扰 as a verb, you can add adverbs to show the degree of interference. Common adverbs include 严重 (yánzhòng - seriously), 直接 (zhíjiē - directly), and 人为 (rénwéi - artificially/intentionally). This helps specify if the interference was an accident or a deliberate act.

政府不应该干扰市场的正常运行。
(The government should not interfere with the normal operation of the market.)

In summary, 干扰 is your go-to word for 'disruption' in both a physical and a conceptual sense. Whether you are talking about a messy signal or a messy situation, this word captures the essence of an external force breaking the flow of a process.

The word 干扰 (gānrǎo) is pervasive in modern Chinese life, appearing in contexts ranging from high-tech laboratories to everyday social complaints. Understanding where you will hear it helps you grasp its register and frequency.

In the Media and News: You will frequently hear this in CCTV news reports concerning international relations. Phrases like '干扰别国内政' (interfering in other countries' internal affairs) are common. It's also used in reports about technology, such as satellite jamming or GPS interference during military exercises.
In Professional Environments: In an office or laboratory setting, a manager might say, '我们需要排除一切干扰，按时完成项目' (We need to eliminate all distractions and finish the project on time). Scientists use it to describe noise in data or experimental variables that skew results.
In Public Announcements: On airplanes or in hospitals, you might hear announcements asking you to turn off electronic devices because they might 干扰 medical equipment or cockpit instruments.

这些虚假信息旨在干扰公众的视线。
(This false information is designed to distract/interfere with the public's attention.)

Another common place to see this word is in educational settings. Teachers often tell students to '不要受外界干扰' (do not be distracted by the outside world) during exams. It emphasizes the need for a closed, focused environment.

大雾干扰了搜救工作的进行。
(The heavy fog interfered with the progress of the search and rescue work.)

Finally, in the world of sports, commentators might use 干扰 to describe a player disrupting an opponent's rhythm or a foul that 'interferes' with a clear shot (like 'goaltending' in basketball, which is sometimes translated using this concept).

Even for intermediate learners, 干扰 (gānrǎo) can be tricky because of its proximity to other 'disturb' words. Avoiding these common pitfalls will make your Chinese sound much more natural and precise.

Mistake 1: Confusing 干扰 (gānrǎo) with 打扰 (dǎrǎo): This is the most frequent error. 打扰 is used for polite interruptions. You say '不好意思，打扰一下' (Sorry to bother you). You cannot say '不好意思，干扰一下.' That would sound like you are trying to jam their brain signals!
Mistake 2: Confusing 干扰 (gānrǎo) with 扰乱 (rǎoluàn): 扰乱 implies creating chaos or disorder (like '扰乱治安' - disturbing public order). 干扰 is more about the act of interfering with a specific process or signal. Use 干扰 for signals and focus; use 扰乱 for order and peace.
Mistake 3: Using 干扰 for People directly: Learners often say '他在干扰我' when they mean 'He is annoying me.' While technically possible if he is disrupting your work, it sounds very formal. If someone is just being annoying, use 烦 (fán) or 打扰 (dǎrǎo).

Incorrect: 对不起，干扰你休息了。
Correct: 对不起，打扰你休息了。
(Sorry for disturbing your rest.)

Another mistake is forgetting that 干扰 can be a noun. In English, we often say 'There is a lot of interference.' In Chinese, you should say '有很多干扰' (yǒu hěnduō gānrǎo). Don't feel you always have to use it as a verb.

Lastly, pay attention to the object. If the object is a 'relationship' or 'internal affairs,' 干涉 (gānshè) is often a stronger, more common synonym in political contexts. 干扰 is slightly lighter, implying disruption rather than full-on intervention.

To truly master 干扰 (gānrǎo), you must see how it sits in a family of related terms. Each has a specific flavor and is used in different social or technical contexts.

打扰 (dǎrǎo): The most common alternative. Used for polite, social interruptions.
Usage: 'I'm sorry to bother you' (抱歉打扰了).
干涉 (gānshè): This means 'intervene' or 'meddle.' It is much stronger than 干扰 and usually carries a negative tone of overstepping boundaries.
Usage: 'Don't interfere in my private life' (不要干涉我的私生活).
扰乱 (rǎoluàn): Focuses on the resulting chaos or disorder.
Usage: 'To disturb the peace' (扰乱治安) or 'To mess up someone's thoughts' (扰乱思绪).
阻碍 (zǔ'ài): Means to 'hinder' or 'block.' While 干扰 makes a process difficult or messy, 阻碍 might stop it altogether.
Usage: 'To hinder economic development' (阻碍经济发展).

Comparison:
1. 他干扰了我的计划。(He disrupted my plan - it's still going, but messy.)
2. 他阻碍了我的计划。(He blocked my plan - I can't move forward.)

In scientific contexts, you might also hear 杂波 (zábō) for 'clutter' or 'static,' which is a specific type of 干扰. In psychological contexts, 分心 (fēnxīn) means 'to be distracted,' which is often the result of an external 干扰.

Choosing the right word shows your level of fluency. If you are talking about a radio signal, stick with 干扰. If you are talking about your nosy neighbor, 干涉 or 打扰 is likely better. If you are talking about a protest in the street, 扰乱 is the standard choice.

How Formal Is It?

Wusstest du?

In ancient texts, '干扰' was sometimes used to describe the act of domesticating animals (disturbing their wild state), but today it's almost entirely used for signals and social disruptions.

Aussprachehilfe

UK /ɡæn ʐɑʊ/

US /ɡæn rɑʊ/

Equal stress on both syllables, but the third tone on 'rǎo' often feels longer and more emphasized in speech.

Reimt sich auf

山 (shān) 蓝 (lán) 跑 (pǎo) 早 (zǎo) 草 (cǎo) 烦 (fán) 慢 (màn) 老 (lǎo)

Häufige Fehler

Pronouncing 'gān' as 'gǎn' (3rd tone), which changes the meaning.
Pronouncing 'rǎo' as 'rào' (4th tone), making it sound like 'around'.
Confusing the 'r' sound with a 'l' sound (common for some dialect speakers).
Failing to dip low enough on the 3rd tone of 'rǎo'.
Mixing up '干扰' with '打扰' (dǎrǎo) in conversation.

Schwierigkeitsgrad

Lesen 3/5

Characters are moderately complex but common in news and tech.

Schreiben 4/5

Writing '扰' (rǎo) requires attention to the right side '尤'.

Sprechen 3/5

Tone changes in 'rǎo' can be tricky for beginners.

Hören 2/5

Distinctive sound, usually easy to pick out in context.

Was du als Nächstes lernen solltest

Voraussetzungen

干打扰乱信号声音

Als Nächstes lernen

干涉妨碍阻碍屏蔽频率

Fortgeschritten

相长干涉前摄干扰内政主权

Wichtige Grammatik

Resultative Complements with 干扰

干扰到了 (Interfered to the point of...)

The 'Passive' 受到

受到干扰 (Received interference)

Adverbial placement

严重地干扰 (Seriously interfere)

Nominalization

这种干扰 (This interference)

Causative 使/让

使信号受到干扰 (Cause the signal to be interfered with)

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Beispiele nach Niveau

这里的噪音太大了，干扰我睡觉。

The noise here is too loud, it's interfering with my sleep.

Simple S-V-O structure.

手机有干扰，听不清。

There is interference on the phone, I can't hear clearly.

Using '干扰' as a noun.

不要干扰别人。

Don't interfere with others.

Negation with '不要'.

电视有干扰吗？

Is there interference on the TV?

Simple question with '吗'.

他在说话，干扰我看书。

He is talking, interfering with my reading.

Two-part sentence showing cause and effect.

外面很吵，有很多干扰。

It's noisy outside, there are many distractions.

Using '很多' with the noun '干扰'.

请排除干扰，开始考试。

Please eliminate distractions and start the exam.

A common classroom command.

这个信号会干扰收音机。

This signal will interfere with the radio.

Future/potential '会' + verb.

由于天气不好，信号受到了干扰。

Due to bad weather, the signal was interfered with.

Passive structure '受到...干扰'.

在图书馆，不要干扰他人学习。

In the library, don't disrupt others' studying.

Prepositional phrase '在...'

我觉得这种环境干扰太大。

I feel there is too much interference in this environment.

Using '干扰' as a noun with '太大'.

别让手机干扰你的生活。

Don't let your phone interfere with your life.

Causative structure '让...干扰'.

这种机器会产生电磁干扰。

This machine produces electromagnetic interference.

Technical noun phrase '电磁干扰'.

他说话的声音干扰了我的思路。

The sound of his voice interfered with my train of thought.

Abstract object '思路'.

我们要尽量减少干扰。

We should try to minimize interference.

Verb '减少' (reduce) + noun '干扰'.

这里的信号干扰很严重。

The signal interference here is very serious.

Adjective '严重' modifying the noun phrase.

这种新药可能会干扰你的睡眠周期。

This new medicine might interfere with your sleep cycle.

Use of '可能' (might) and '周期' (cycle).

他试图排除一切干扰，专心致志地工作。

He tried to eliminate all distractions and focus intently on his work.

Four-character idiom '专心致志'.

政府的政策不应干扰企业的正常经营。

Government policies should not interfere with the normal operations of businesses.

Formal usage in business/politics.

无线电干扰导致了通讯中断。

Radio interference caused a communication breakdown.

Cause and effect with '导致'.

请不要在别人工作时进行干扰。

Please do not cause interference while others are working.

Using '进行' (to carry out) + '干扰'.

这种噪音不仅烦人，还会干扰我的注意力。

This noise is not only annoying but also interferes with my attention.

Structure '不仅...还会...'.

信号干扰是这个系统最大的问题。

Signal interference is the biggest problem with this system.

Subject-predicate structure.

我们需要提高设备的抗干扰能力。

We need to improve the device's anti-interference capability.

Compound noun '抗干扰能力'.

外部因素的干扰使得实验数据出现了偏差。

Interference from external factors caused the experimental data to show bias.

Formal structure '使得...出现了...'.

国家主权不容任何形式的外来干扰。

National sovereignty does not tolerate any form of foreign interference.

High-level political phrase '任何形式的'.

这些干扰因素必须在分析前被排除。

These interference factors must be excluded before the analysis.

Passive voice with '被'.

在复杂的环境中，如何减少信号干扰是一个挑战。

In complex environments, how to reduce signal interference is a challenge.

Complex sentence with a question as the subject.

这种心理干扰会影响运动员的发挥。

This psychological interference will affect the athlete's performance.

Abstract concept '心理干扰'.

法律禁止任何干扰司法公正的行为。

The law prohibits any behavior that interferes with judicial justice.

Legal terminology '司法公正'.

为了防止干扰，实验室墙壁加了屏蔽层。

To prevent interference, the laboratory walls were added with a shielding layer.

Purpose clause '为了防止...'.

我们需要识别并消除系统内部的干扰。

We need to identify and eliminate interference within the system.

Verb pair '识别并消除'.

前摄干扰是指先前学习的材料对后来学习材料的干扰。

Proactive interference refers to the interference of previously learned material on later learned material.

Definition structure '...是指...'.

这种干扰源极其隐蔽，很难通过常规手段检测。

This source of interference is extremely hidden and difficult to detect through conventional means.

Advanced vocabulary '隐蔽', '常规手段'.

舆论的过度干扰可能会削弱法律的权威性。

Excessive interference from public opinion may weaken the authority of the law.

Nuanced social analysis.

我们需要在充满干扰的世界中寻找内心的宁静。

We need to find inner peace in a world full of interference.

Metaphorical usage.

这种技术有效地抑制了多径干扰。

This technology effectively suppressed multi-path interference.

Specific technical term '多径干扰'.

任何对选举过程的干扰都是对民主的挑战。

Any interference with the election process is a challenge to democracy.

Political/Legal context.

这种干扰现象在量子力学中有着独特的解释。

This phenomenon of interference has a unique explanation in quantum mechanics.

Scientific/Academic register.

环境噪声的干扰使得微弱的信号几乎无法辨识。

The interference of environmental noise makes the weak signal almost unidentifiable.

Use of '几乎无法' (almost impossible).

在全球化背景下，经济政策的制定往往受到国际金融市场的剧烈干扰。

In the context of globalization, the formulation of economic policies is often subject to intense interference from international financial markets.

Complex geopolitical/economic context.

该论文深入探讨了文化干扰对跨国企业管理的影响。

The paper explores in depth the impact of cultural interference on the management of multinational corporations.

Academic thesis-style sentence.

这种干扰不仅仅是物理层面的，更是认知和逻辑层面的。

This interference is not just at the physical level, but more so at the cognitive and logical levels.

Contrast structure '不仅是...更是...'.

为了确保司法独立，必须杜绝任何形式的行政干扰。

To ensure judicial independence, any form of administrative interference must be eliminated.

Strong verb '杜绝' (put an end to).

宇宙背景辐射是对早期宇宙观测的主要干扰源之一。

Cosmic background radiation is one of the primary sources of interference for early universe observations.

Astrophysical context.

这种算法能够自适应地滤除各种随机干扰。

This algorithm can adaptively filter out various random interferences.

High-tech engineering terminology.

历史的遗留问题往往会对当下的外交努力产生干扰。

Legacy issues from history often interfere with current diplomatic efforts.

Abstract historical analysis.

在高度自动化的系统中，微小的干扰也可能引发连锁反应。

In highly automated systems, even tiny interferences can trigger a chain reaction.

Conditional '也可能' expressing risk.

Synonyme

妨碍打扰扰乱干预

Gegenteile

协助配合促进

Häufige Kollokationen

无线电干扰

受到干扰

排除干扰

严重干扰

人为干扰

电磁干扰

心理干扰

信号干扰

干扰内政

干扰源

Häufige Phrasen

抗干扰能力

— The ability of a system or person to resist being disrupted.

这款手机的抗干扰能力很强。

干扰信号

— A signal that disrupts other communication.

他们发射了干扰信号。

外界干扰

— External distractions or interference.

学生不应受外界干扰。

零干扰

— Zero interference; a state of perfect clarity.

我们需要一个零干扰的环境。

恶意干扰

— Malicious interference; intentionally disrupting something.

这是对比赛的恶意干扰。

行政干扰

— Administrative interference, usually in legal or business matters.

杜绝行政干扰。

视觉干扰

— Visual distractions.

灯光太亮会产生视觉干扰。

逻辑干扰

— Interference in one's logical reasoning.

这种谬误会产生逻辑干扰。

波的干扰

— Wave interference in physics.

这是典型的波的干扰现象。

干扰项

— Distractors in a multiple-choice test.

这道题的干扰项很有迷惑性。

Wird oft verwechselt mit

干扰 vs 打扰

打扰 is for polite interruptions; 干扰 is for functional disruption.

干扰 vs 干涉

干涉 is meddling in others' rights; 干扰 is disrupting a process.

干扰 vs 扰乱

扰乱 implies creating chaos; 干扰 is specifically about interference.

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

"排除万难"

— To overcome all difficulties (often used alongside excluding interference).

我们要排除万难，争取胜利。

Formal

"心无旁骛"

— To be fully concentrated without any distractions (the opposite state of being interfered with).

他心无旁骛地做实验。

Literary

"无孔不入"

— Entering every hole; pervasive (often describing how interference finds its way in).

噪音无孔不入，让人头疼。

Neutral

"横加干涉"

— To interfere wantonly or crudely (a stronger, negative version of interference).

不许对他人的生活横加干涉。

Formal/Negative

"宁静致远"

— Tranquility leads to a long-term goal (implies avoiding interference).

只有排除干扰，才能宁静致远。

Literary

"风平浪静"

— Calm and tranquil (a state with no interference).

海面上风平浪静。

Neutral

"波澜不惊"

— Unmoved by external disturbances.

他面对干扰依然波澜不惊。

Literary

"指手画脚"

— To gesticulate and interfere (criticizing people who meddle).

不要对我的工作指手画脚。

Informal/Negative

"事不关己"

— It doesn't concern me (the attitude of non-interference).

他总是一副事不关己的样子。

Neutral

"闭门造车"

— To work behind closed doors (avoiding all interference, but often in a negative sense of being unrealistic).

研究不能闭门造车。

Neutral

Leicht verwechselbar

干扰 vs 打扰

Both involve 'disturbing'.

打扰 is social/polite; 干扰 is technical/serious disruption.

抱歉打扰了 (Sorry to bother you) vs 信号干扰 (Signal interference).

干扰 vs 干涉

Both start with '干'.

干涉 is meddling in affairs; 干扰 is disrupting a signal or concentration.

干涉内政 (Interfere in internal affairs) vs 干扰思路 (Interfere with train of thought).

干扰 vs 妨碍

Both mean 'hinder'.

妨碍 is a physical or logical obstacle; 干扰 is a disruptive force.

妨碍交通 (Hinder traffic) vs 噪音干扰 (Noise interference).

干扰 vs 扰乱

Both involve '扰'.

扰乱 is to throw into disorder; 干扰 is to add unwanted noise/signals.

扰乱秩序 (Disturb order) vs 干扰信号 (Interfere with signal).

干扰 vs 打断

Both stop a flow.

打断 is to break a continuous action (like speaking); 干扰 is to make that action difficult.

打断讲话 (Interrupt speech) vs 干扰工作 (Interfere with work).

Satzmuster

不要干扰 + Person + Verb

不要干扰我学习。

受到 + Source + 的干扰

受到噪音的干扰。

排除 + 干扰

我们要排除一切干扰。

A 对 B 产生干扰

手机对仪器产生干扰。

干扰 + Abstract Noun

干扰了市场的运行。

无视 + 干扰

他无视外界的干扰。

极大的干扰

这造成了极大的干扰。

杜绝...干扰

杜绝行政干扰。

Wortfamilie

Substantive

干扰器 (gānrǎoqì) - Jammer/Interference device

干扰源 (gānrǎoyuán) - Source of interference

干扰项 (gānrǎoxiàng) - Distractor (in tests)

Verben

干扰 (gānrǎo) - To interfere

受干扰 (shòu gānrǎo) - To be interfered with

Adjektive

抗干扰的 (kàng gānrǎo de) - Anti-interference

干扰性的 (gānrǎoxìng de) - Disruptive

Verwandt

打扰 (dǎrǎo)

干涉 (gānshè)

扰乱 (rǎoluàn)

扰动 (rǎodòng)

干预 (gānyù)

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So verwendest du es

frequency

Common in daily life, very common in news and science.

Häufige Fehler

Using 干扰 for 'Excuse me'. → 打扰一下。
干扰 is too heavy and technical for a polite social 'excuse me'.
Saying '我有干扰' to mean 'I am busy'. → 我很忙。
干扰 means interference, not personal busyness.
Forgetting the '扌' radical when writing. → 干扰
Without the hand radical, the word loses its 'action' meaning.
Confusing 干扰 with 扰乱 in 'disturbing the peace'. → 扰乱治安。
干扰 is for signals/processes; 扰乱 is for social order.
Using 干扰 as an adjective directly. → 干扰性的因素。
You need '性的' or '的' to make it an adjective.

Tipps

The Shield and the Hand

Remember '干' as a shield and '扰' as a hand. A shield hitting a hand causes interference!

Signals vs. People

Use 干扰 for WiFi, radio, and focus. Use 打扰 for people knocking on your door.

受到...干扰

This is the most common way to use the word in the passive voice. Learn it as a chunk.

排除干扰

This phrase is great for essays about productivity or studying.

The 3rd Tone Dip

Make sure 'rǎo' goes low and then back up. It shouldn't sound like 'rào'.

Political News

When you hear 'gānrǎo' on the news, it's almost always about one country meddling in another's business.

The Dot on 尤

In '扰', the right part is '尤'. Many students forget the little dot on the top right!

Formal Situations

Use 干扰 in meetings to describe factors affecting a project's success.

Electronic Warnings

Listen for this word on planes or in hospitals regarding electronic devices.

Distractors in Tests

In Chinese exams, '干扰项' are the wrong answers designed to trick you. Knowing this helps you understand test logic!

Einprägen

Eselsbrücke

Imagine a **Shield** (干) hitting a **Hand** (扰) that was trying to work. The shield **interferes** with the hand's progress.

Visuelle Assoziation

Visualize a radio wave being hit by a jagged lightning bolt, breaking the smooth wave into jagged pieces.

Word Web

Signal Noise Distraction Radio Focus Meddle Jamming Disrupt

Herausforderung

Try to identify three things in your room right now that could be a '干扰' to your Chinese study. Say them out loud: '噪音是干扰', '手机是干扰'...

Wortherkunft

The word is composed of two characters: '干' (gān) and '扰' (rǎo). '干' originally depicted a fork-shaped weapon or shield, later evolving to mean 'to intervene' or 'to involve.' '扰' consists of the hand radical '扌' and '尤' (meaning 'outstanding' or 'fault'), originally meaning to disturb with hands.

Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: The combination suggests a physical disturbance or a 'hand-led intervention' that causes trouble.

Sino-Tibetan (Chinese)

Kultureller Kontext

Be careful when using '干扰' in a political context, as it is a strong term often used in official protests.

English speakers often use 'interfere' for both social and technical contexts, but Chinese splits this into '打扰' (social) and '干扰' (functional/technical).

Non-interference policy (不干涉内政) - A cornerstone of Chinese diplomacy. Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) standards in manufacturing. Psychological studies on 'Memory Interference' (记忆干扰).

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

Telecommunications

信号干扰
抗干扰能力
干扰源
电磁干扰

Education/Study

排除干扰
外界干扰
干扰项
注意力受干扰

Politics/Diplomacy

干扰内政
外来干扰
行政干扰
严正抗议干扰

Health/Medicine

干扰睡眠
干扰素
干扰治疗
医疗设备干扰

Sports

干扰球
对手干扰
心理干扰
战术干扰

Gesprächseinstiege

"你觉得在咖啡馆学习干扰多吗？"

"你的手机信号经常受到干扰吗？"

"我们该如何排除生活中的各种干扰？"

"你认为父母应该干扰孩子的职业选择吗？"

"在你的国家，噪音干扰是一个严重的问题吗？"

Tagebuch-Impulse

描述一次你的计划被意外干扰的经历。你是如何应对的？

在数字时代，我们该如何减少电子设备对我们专注力的干扰？

谈谈你对'不干涉原则'在人际关系中重要性的看法。

如果你的邻居经常制造噪音干扰你，你会怎么做？

分析一下社交媒体是如何干扰现代人的真实社交的。

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

It's better to say '别烦我' (Bié fán wǒ) or '别打扰我' (Bié dǎrǎo wǒ). '别干扰我' sounds like you are a machine or in a very formal experiment.

Usually, yes. It implies an unwanted disturbance. The only exception is in physics (constructive interference), but that uses specific technical terms.

噪音 (zàoyīn) is the literal 'noise' (sound). 干扰 is the *effect* that noise has on you or a system.

It's usually '降噪' (jiàngzào - reduce noise) or '抗干扰' (kàng gānrǎo - anti-interference).

Yes, but usually regarding their actions. '干扰他的判断' (Interfere with his judgment) is common.

Both! '他干扰我' (Verb) and '有很多干扰' (Noun) are both correct.

It is typically considered B1 (Intermediate) because of its abstract and technical uses.

It's the hand radical 扌 plus 尤 (yóu). Don't forget the dot on 尤!

Not really, but '别来乱' (Bié lái luàn) is a common casual way to say 'don't come and mess things up'.

Yes, '干扰' is the standard word for jamming signals.

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