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B1 verb/noun #3,000 am häufigsten 8 Min. Lesezeit

概述

gaishu
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At the A1 level, '概述' (gàishù) might be a bit advanced, but you can think of it as a fancy way to say 'tell me the main story.' Imagine you watched a movie and your friend asks, 'What happened?' You don't tell them every single word the actors said. You just tell them the big parts. That is a '概述.' In simple Chinese, you might say '说一说' (speak a bit) or '讲一讲' (tell a bit). '概述' is the word you use when you want to sound like a serious student or a professional. Even at A1, you can start to recognize this word in book titles or at the start of simple stories. It helps you know that the next few sentences will give you the 'big picture' so you don't get lost in the small words.
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At the A2 level, you are starting to describe events and backgrounds. '概述' becomes useful when you need to give a short report. For example, if you are talking about your hometown, you might provide a '概述' of its history or its famous places. It is a step up from just listing things. It shows you can organize your thoughts. You will see this word on websites or in simple news snippets. When you see '概述,' look for the main idea. It's a signal that says, 'Here is the most important information.' You can use it in sentences like '我来概述一下我的计划' (Let me outline my plan). This sounds much more organized than just saying '这是我的计划.'
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At the B1 level, '概述' is a key vocabulary word for professional and academic success. You are expected to be able to summarize texts and explain the main points of a discussion. '概述' is the perfect tool for this. It allows you to move from 'telling' to 'summarizing.' In a B1 context, you should be able to use '概述' as both a noun ('这是一个概述') and a verb ('他概述了要点'). You will encounter it frequently in work emails, meeting agendas, and intermediate-level reading passages. Mastering this word helps you transition from basic conversational Chinese to 'Working Chinese,' where being concise and clear is highly valued. It also helps in writing tasks where you need to provide an introduction to your essay.
At the B2 level, you should understand the nuance between '概述' and its synonyms like '综述' or '概括.' You are expected to provide a '概述' that is not only brief but also logically structured and stylistically appropriate. At this level, you might use '概述' to describe complex social issues or technical processes. For instance, in a debate, you might '概述' the opposing view before refuting it. This shows a high level of linguistic control. You will also see '概述' in more formal documents, such as legal summaries or economic reports. You should be comfortable using adverbs like '详尽地' (detailedly) or '简要地' (briefly) to modify '概述,' showing that you can control the depth of your summary based on the audience's needs.
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At the C1 level, '概述' is used with precision in high-level academic and professional discourse. You will use it when synthesizing multiple viewpoints or providing an executive summary of a complex research paper. At this stage, you are not just summarizing; you are strategically highlighting the most relevant information to support a specific argument or decision. You will encounter '概述' in the prefaces of academic journals, in the 'Statement of Facts' in legal briefs, and in the strategic overviews of corporate annual reports. Your ability to produce a '概述' that is both concise and nuanced—capturing the essence of a complex topic without oversimplifying it—is a hallmark of C1 proficiency. You will also recognize the word's use in historical and philosophical texts where it introduces broad eras or schools of thought.
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At the C2 level, '概述' is a tool for masterful communication. You understand its historical etymology and can use it in a way that reflects a deep cultural and linguistic awareness. You might use it in a literary critique to provide a '概述' of a complex narrative structure, or in a high-level diplomatic briefing to '概述' a multifaceted geopolitical situation. At this level, the distinction between '概述' and other terms like '提纲挈领' or '博约' (being broad yet concise) becomes clear. You can use '概述' to frame an entire discourse, setting the tone for a sophisticated analysis. Whether you are writing for a specialized audience or delivering a keynote speech, your use of '概述' will be characterized by an effortless blend of precision, brevity, and stylistic elegance, demonstrating total command over the Chinese language.
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概述 in 30 Sekunden

  • 概述 is a versatile Chinese word functioning as both a verb (to summarize) and a noun (a summary), essential for professional communication.
  • It focuses on the 'big picture' and main points, making it ideal for introductions, reports, and academic abstracts where brevity is key.
  • Unlike '总结' (conclusion), 概述 is often used at the beginning of a text to provide context and a roadmap for the reader.
  • It is a formal term, most commonly found in business, news, and scholarly writing, rather than in casual daily conversation.

The term 概述 (gàishù) is a sophisticated yet essential word in the Chinese lexicon, primarily functioning as both a verb and a noun. At its core, it represents the act of distilling complex information into its most fundamental components. The first character, 概 (gài), historically refers to a leveling rod used to ensure a measure of grain was even, which evolved to mean 'general' or 'approximate.' The second character, 述 (shù), means to narrate, relate, or state. Together, they form a concept that is indispensable in academic, professional, and daily communicative contexts: the objective and concise presentation of a subject's main points without delving into exhaustive detail.

Functional Versatility
As a verb, it means 'to summarize' or 'to outline.' As a noun, it refers to a 'summary,' 'overview,' or 'abstract.'
Level of Formality
It is more formal than 简说 (jiǎnshuō) and more objective than 总结 (zǒngjié), which often implies a final judgment or conclusion.
Structural Role
In documents, the 概述 often appears at the beginning to provide the reader with a roadmap of the content to follow.

请你向董事会概述一下这个项目的核心目标和预期收益。 (Please provide the board with an overview of the project's core objectives and expected returns.)

In a world saturated with information, the ability to 概述 is a critical skill. It requires the speaker or writer to distinguish between primary and secondary information, a process known in Chinese as 提纲挈领 (tígāng qièlǐng - to concentrate on the main points). When you provide a 概述, you are not just shortening a text; you are providing a structural framework that allows others to grasp the 'big picture' quickly. This is why the word is so common in news reporting, where a lead paragraph functions as a 概述 of the entire story.

这篇文章的概述部分写得非常清晰，让人一目了然。 (The summary section of this article is written very clearly, making it easy to understand at a glance.)

Furthermore, 概述 is often used in the context of history or literature. A '历史概述' (Historical Overview) provides a chronological summary of events without the granular detail of a full textbook. In literature, a '剧情概述' (Plot Summary) gives potential readers or viewers enough information to understand the premise without spoiling every twist. This balance of brevity and comprehensiveness is the hallmark of a good 概述.

在会议开始前，他简要地概述了上周的工作进展。 (Before the meeting began, he briefly outlined the progress of last week's work.)

本手册的第一章是对系统功能的全面概述。 (The first chapter of this manual is a comprehensive overview of the system's functions.)

他试图用几句话来概述他那复杂的人生经历。 (He tried to summarize his complex life experiences in just a few sentences.)

Using 概述 correctly requires an understanding of its syntactic flexibility. As a verb, it frequently takes a direct object, often preceded by an adverb like 简要 (jiǎnyào - briefly) or 全面 (quánmiàn - comprehensively). For example, '简要概述' is a very common collocation in business and academic writing. When used as a noun, it often follows possessive particles or demonstratives, such as '项目的概述' (overview of the project) or '这篇概述' (this summary).

Verb Patterns
Subject + [Adverb] + 概述 + Object (e.g., 他概述了基本情况).
Noun Patterns
Attribute + 的 + 概述 (e.g., 公司的发展概述).
Formal Collocations
概述如下 (summarized as follows), 概述其要点 (summarize its key points).

One of the most important aspects of using 概述 is maintaining an objective tone. Because it is a formal word, it is rarely used in casual slang or highly emotional contexts. Instead, it belongs in the realm of reports, presentations, and scholarly articles. If you are writing a thesis, your 'Abstract' is often translated as 摘要 (zhāiyào), but the introductory section that provides the 'General Overview' would be the 概述.

In professional settings, you might hear the phrase '请你概述一下' (Please give a brief summary). This is a polite but direct request for information. It signals that the listener does not want every detail, but rather the 'meat' of the matter. Responding with a 概述 shows that you respect the other person's time and possess the analytical skills to prioritize information.

在报告中，作者首先概述了当前的市场趋势。 (In the report, the author first outlined current market trends.)

When writing, the 概述 should be logical. It often follows a chronological order (if summarizing an event) or a thematic order (if summarizing a concept). It should be self-contained, meaning a reader should be able to understand the general idea of the subject without having to read the full text immediately. This makes 概述 a powerful tool for executive summaries and introductory chapters.

You will encounter 概述 in a variety of formal and semi-formal environments. In the workplace, it is a staple of meetings and reports. Managers often ask for a 概述 of a project's status to get a quick update. In the academic world, textbooks are filled with 概述 sections at the beginning of chapters to prepare students for the detailed material ahead. News broadcasts also use it; an anchor might say, '下面概述今天的主要新闻' (Below is a summary of today's main news).

Business Meetings
'请概述一下上季度的销售情况。' (Please summarize last quarter's sales.)
Academic Lectures
'今天我们先对量子力学做一个简单的概述。' (Today we will first do a simple overview of quantum mechanics.)
Legal/Official Documents
'合同概述' (Contract Summary) provides the essential terms before the fine print.

Digital media also makes heavy use of 概述. Websites often have a 'Company Overview' (公司概述) page. App stores provide a 'Function Overview' (功能概述) to tell users what an app does before they download it. In these contexts, 概述 serves as a gateway, providing enough information to pique interest or provide necessary context without overwhelming the user.

In literature and film, 概述 is used in reviews and study guides. A '剧情概述' (plot summary) is essential for understanding the narrative arc. Even in casual conversation among professionals, one might say, '我大概概述一下我的想法' (I'll roughly outline my thoughts), indicating a transition from casual chat to a more structured explanation.

The most frequent mistake learners make with 概述 is confusing it with similar words like 总结 (zǒngjié), 简介 (jiǎnjiè), and 摘要 (zhāiyào). While they all involve shortening information, their applications differ significantly. 总结 (Summary/Conclusion) usually implies a finality or a reflection on what has been learned or achieved. 概述 is more about the 'what' and 'how' of a situation as it stands, often used at the beginning.

概述 vs. 总结
概述 is an overview; 总结 is a concluding summary or evaluation.
概述 vs. 简介
简介 (Introduction) is usually very brief and aimed at newcomers; 概述 can be more technical and detailed.
概述 vs. 摘要
摘要 (Abstract) is a specific academic term for a highly condensed version of a paper; 概述 is more general.

Another common error is using 概述 in overly casual situations. Telling a friend to '概述' their weekend sounds unnaturally stiff; in that case, you should use '说说' (shuōshuo) or '讲讲' (jiǎngjiang). Conversely, using '说说' in a formal report instead of '概述' can make the writing seem unprofessional and lacking in rigor.

Grammatically, learners sometimes forget that 概述 can be a noun. They might try to use a verb-only word like 叙述 (xùshù - to narrate) in a place where a noun is needed. For example, saying '这是我的叙述' (This is my narration) is different from '这是我的概述' (This is my summary). The latter implies a structured condensation, while the former just implies the act of telling.

To truly master 概述, it is helpful to understand its 'synonym family.' Each word has a slightly different flavor. 综述 (zōngshù) is often used in academic contexts to mean a 'comprehensive review' or 'synthesis' of multiple sources. 简述 (jiǎnshù) is a 'brief account,' placing even more emphasis on brevity than 概述. 提要 (tíyào) refers to the 'main points' or 'synopsis,' often used for books or articles.

综述 (zōngshù)
Comprehensive synthesis, often of research (e.g., 文献综述 - Literature Review).
简述 (jiǎnshù)
To state briefly; simpler and shorter than 概述.
梗概 (gěnggài)
A rough sketch or outline, often used for stories or plots.

On the more formal side, we have 纲要 (gāngyào), which means 'outline' or 'essentials,' often used for government policies or large-scale plans (e.g., 发展纲要 - Development Outline). There is also 概括 (gàikuò), which is a verb meaning 'to generalize' or 'to encapsulate.' While 概述 is a narration of the main points, 概括 is the mental process of identifying those points.

Understanding these distinctions allows for more precise communication. For instance, if you are asked to '概括' a character's personality, you are being asked to find a few adjectives that describe them. If you are asked to '概述' their role in the story, you are being asked to describe their main actions and influence on the plot. The former is about qualities; the latter is about narrative.

How Formal Is It?

Schwierigkeitsgrad

Wichtige Grammatik

Using '对...进行概述' for formal descriptions.

The difference between '概述' (narrative summary) and '概括' (abstract generalization).

How to use '简要' as an adverbial modifier.

Noun phrases with '的概述' (e.g., 历史的概述).

Using '概述如下' to introduce a list.

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Beispiele nach Niveau

1

请概述这个故事。

Please summarize this story.

Simple Verb + Object structure.

2

这是一个简单的概述。

This is a simple summary.

Using 概述 as a noun with an adjective.

3

他概述了他的家。

He gave an overview of his home.

Subject + Verb + Object.

4

老师概述了课文。

The teacher summarized the lesson.

Past action indicated by context.

5

我需要一个概述。

I need a summary.

Noun used as a direct object.

6

概述很有用。

Summaries are very useful.

Noun used as a subject.

7

请看这个概述。

Please look at this summary.

Imperative sentence.

8

他概述了今天的事。

He summarized today's events.

Verb with a time-related object.

1

你能简要概述一下吗？

Can you briefly summarize it?

Using the adverb '简要' (briefly).

2

这是我们公司的概述。

This is an overview of our company.

Possessive '的' connecting company and summary.

3

他概述了旅行的计划。

He outlined the travel plan.

Specific object '旅行的计划'.

4

这篇文章有一个概述。

This article has a summary.

Standard 'has' (有) structure.

5

请概述你的工作经历。

Please summarize your work experience.

Formal request in a professional setting.

6

我写了一份项目概述。

I wrote a project overview.

Measure word '份' used for documents.

7

概述里没有提到细节。

The summary didn't mention details.

Locative '里' (inside).

8

他快速地概述了情况。

He quickly summarized the situation.

Adverbial '快速地' (quickly).

1

经理概述了下周的目标。

The manager outlined next week's goals.

Professional context, clear object.

2

我们需要对市场进行概述。

We need to conduct an overview of the market.

Using '对...进行' (to conduct... on).

3

这本手册提供了一个概述。

This manual provides an overview.

Verb '提供' (provide) with '概述'.

4

他概述了报告的主要内容。

He summarized the main content of the report.

Focusing on '主要内容' (main content).

5

概述部分应该放在开头。

The summary section should be placed at the beginning.

Compound noun '概述部分'.

6

请你概述一下会议的精神。

Please summarize the spirit/essence of the meeting.

Abstract object '精神' (spirit/essence).

7

他用几句话概述了剧情。

He summarized the plot in a few sentences.

Prepositional phrase '用几句话' (using a few sentences).

8

这份概述非常全面。

This overview is very comprehensive.

Adjective '全面' (comprehensive) modifying the noun.

1

作者在序言中概述了全书的主旨。

The author outlined the book's main theme in the preface.

Formal setting: preface (序言) and main theme (主旨).

2

他概述了该政策的历史背景。

He summarized the historical background of the policy.

Abstract concept '历史背景'.

3

这份报告概述了当前的技术挑战。

This report outlines current technological challenges.

Professional terminology '技术挑战'.

4

请概述一下该项目的风险评估。

Please summarize the risk assessment of the project.

Specific professional term '风险评估'.

5

他试图概述这种复杂的社会现象。

He tried to summarize this complex social phenomenon.

Verb '试图' (try to) + '概述'.

6

概述如下：首先是预算，其次是时间。

The summary is as follows: first the budget, second the time.

Formal structure '概述如下'.

7

该章节概述了不同流派的观点。

This chapter outlines the views of different schools of thought.

Academic context '流派' (schools/genres).

8

他概述了解决问题的基本思路。

He outlined the basic approach to solving the problem.

Abstract object '思路' (way of thinking/approach).

1

本文旨在概述近年来该领域的研究进展。

This article aims to summarize research progress in this field in recent years.

Formal academic '旨在' (aims to).

2

他精辟地概述了现代哲学的核心矛盾。

He incisively summarized the core contradictions of modern philosophy.

Advanced adverb '精辟地' (incisively/penetratingly).

3

该文献综述概述了现有的理论框架。

The literature review outlines the existing theoretical frameworks.

Academic term '文献综述' (literature review).

4

他概述了全球化对地方文化的影响。

He summarized the impact of globalization on local cultures.

Complex topic: globalization and local culture.

5

请概述一下贵司的长期发展战略。

Please outline your company's long-term development strategy.

High-level business term '发展战略'.

6

这篇文章概述了法律改革的必要性。

This article outlines the necessity of legal reform.

Formal noun '必要性' (necessity).

7

他概述了该艺术风格的演变过程。

He summarized the evolution process of this art style.

Abstract process '演变过程' (evolution).

8

该概述为后续的详细分析奠定了基础。

This overview laid the foundation for subsequent detailed analysis.

Idiomatic '奠定了基础' (laid the foundation).

1

他在演讲中宏观地概述了人类文明的进程。

In his speech, he macroscopically outlined the progress of human civilization.

Advanced adverb '宏观地' (macroscopically).

2

此章节对宏观经济政策进行了系统的概述。

This chapter provides a systematic overview of macroeconomic policies.

Formal '对...进行...概述' structure.

3

他概述了该学说的逻辑起点与终极目标。

He outlined the logical starting point and ultimate goal of the doctrine.

Philosophical terms '逻辑起点' and '终极目标'.

4

该概述力求在有限的篇幅内涵盖所有要点。

The summary strives to cover all key points within a limited space.

Formal '力求' (strive to) and '篇幅' (space/length of text).

5

他以极高的概括力概述了这一复杂的历史时期。

With great power of generalization, he summarized this complex historical period.

Complex noun phrase '概括力' (power of generalization).

6

本报告概述了地缘政治格局的深刻变化。

This report outlines profound changes in the geopolitical landscape.

High-level term '地缘政治格局' (geopolitical landscape).

7

他概述了该技术在伦理层面引发的争议。

He summarized the controversies triggered by the technology at an ethical level.

Abstract '伦理层面' (ethical level).

8

该概述是对过去十年科研成果的集中展示。

This overview is a concentrated display of scientific research achievements over the past decade.

Metaphorical '集中展示' (concentrated display).

Gegenteile

详述 细说

Häufige Kollokationen

简要概述
全面概述
历史概述
项目概述
功能概述
概述如下
进行概述
内容概述
基本概述
初步概述

Häufige Phrasen

剧情概述
公司概述
课程概述
研究概述
政策概述
法律概述
市场概述
技术概述
现状概述
发展概述

Wird oft verwechselt mit

概述 vs 总结

总结 is a conclusion/evaluation; 概述 is an introductory overview.

概述 vs 简介

简介 is a very short introduction for beginners; 概述 can be more comprehensive.

概述 vs 叙述

叙述 is just to tell a story; 概述 is to summarize the story.

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

"提纲挈领"
"言简意赅"
"一目了然"
"开门见山"
"博约结合"
"简明扼要"
"由博返约"
"举一反三"
"去粗取精"
"删繁就简"

Leicht verwechselbar

概述 vs

概述 vs

概述 vs

概述 vs

概述 vs

Satzmuster

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So verwendest du es

length

A 概述 should typically be no more than 10-15% of the original text's length.

formality

Always use in formal writing; avoid in casual texting with friends.

objectivity

Keep the content objective; a 概述 should not contain personal opinions unless specified.

Häufige Fehler
  • Using 概述 in casual text messages with friends.
  • Confusing 概述 with 总结 (which is for conclusions).
  • Making a 概述 too long and detailed, defeating its purpose.
  • Using 概述 to describe a person's appearance (use 描写 instead).
  • Forgetting that 概述 can be a noun.

Tipps

Be Objective

When writing a 概述, avoid using 'I think' or 'In my opinion.' Focus on the facts of the subject you are summarizing.

Pair with Adverbs

Always try to pair 概述 with adverbs like '简要' (briefly) or '全面' (comprehensively) to sound more native.

Signaling

Use 概述 to signal that you are moving from details to the big picture during a presentation.

Look for Headings

In Chinese textbooks, look for the '概述' heading to quickly understand what the chapter is about.

Executive Summaries

In a business report, the 'Executive Summary' is often titled '执行概述'.

Literature Reviews

Use '综述' for a deep dive into literature, but use '概述' for a general overview of a field.

Catch the Essence

When someone says '我概述一下,' stop worrying about every word and focus on the main structure of their speech.

Noun vs Verb

Remember that '这是一篇概述' (noun) and '他概述了情况' (verb) are both correct.

Practice Distilling

Practice by taking a long news article and writing a three-sentence 概述 in Chinese.

Respect Time

In Chinese professional culture, being able to provide a 概述 is a sign of respect for your superior's time.

Einprägen

Eselsbrücke

Gai (General) + Shu (State) = General State. When you 概述, you state the general idea.

Wortherkunft

Kultureller Kontext

CCTV News often uses '概述' to introduce a segment of related news stories.

Chinese academic papers almost always begin with a '摘要' (Abstract) and an '概述' (Overview) of previous research.

Traditional Chinese literary criticism often uses brief overviews to categorize poets or eras.

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

Gesprächseinstiege

"你能概述一下你最近在忙的项目吗？"

"请概述一下你对这个问题的看法。"

"谁能概述一下昨天的会议内容？"

"你能为我们概述一下这家公司的历史吗？"

"请概述一下你最喜欢的书的剧情。"

Tagebuch-Impulse

概述你过去一年的主要成就。

概述你对未来的职业规划。

概述你学习汉语的初衷和过程。

概述你最近读过的一篇新闻报道。

概述你最难忘的一次旅行经历。

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

No, you usually 概述 a situation, a story, or a plan. To describe a person briefly, use '简介' or '概括其性格'.

Yes, it is a formal word. In casual speech, people use '大概说说' or '讲讲要点'.

摘要 is a specific academic term for an abstract. 概述 is more general and can be used in any formal context.

Yes, it is very common as a verb, meaning 'to summarize' or 'to outline'.

Yes, in many contexts, especially when talking about a plan or a speech, it translates well as 'outline'.

It depends on the original text, but it should be concise enough to be read quickly while covering all main points.

Yes, adding '一下' makes the request sound slightly softer and more natural in professional spoken Chinese.

Very often. News anchors use it to summarize the day's top stories.

Yes, it is perfect for the introductory paragraph where you outline your arguments.

No, it usually implies an overview of facts or events without necessarily reaching a final judgment.

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