When someone is 病弱な (byoujakuna), it means they are often sick or not very strong physically. Think of it like being frail or sickly. It's an adjective, so it describes a person or sometimes even an animal that has a weak constitution.
You might use it to talk about someone who catches colds easily or gets tired quickly. For example, if a child is often ill, you could say they are 病弱な. It’s a direct way to describe someone's health condition.
When someone is described as 病弱な (byoujaku na), it means they are often sick or not very strong physically. Think of it as being frail or sickly. It's an adjective you can use to talk about a person's health condition.
For example, if a child catches a cold easily and always seems to be unwell, you might say they are 病弱な (byoujaku na). It’s not about being sick right now, but rather a general state of being prone to illness or weakness. This word helps you describe someone's general health in Japanese.
When you're describing someone who is often sick or not very strong, you can use the Japanese adjective 病弱な (byōjakuna). This word directly translates to 'sickly' or 'frail'. It's a useful term to know when talking about health and physical condition.
You might hear it used to describe someone who frequently catches colds, or a person with a delicate constitution. Remember that '病弱な' always precedes the noun it modifies, for example, '病弱な人' (a sickly person). Mastering words like this will help you express more nuanced ideas in Japanese.
When talking about someone's health, you might hear the adjective 病弱な (byoujakuna). It describes someone who is sickly or frail, meaning they often get ill or have a weak constitution. This word is typically used to describe a chronic condition, not just a temporary sickness. For example, if someone has been frequently ill since childhood, you could describe them as 病弱な.
It's important to remember that this word carries a nuance of inherent weakness or a predisposition to illness. It's more about someone's general health state rather than a specific disease. So, if you want to say someone is often sick, this is the word you're looking for.
When talking about someone's health, 病弱 (byoujaku) is a useful word to describe them as sickly or frail. It's often used for people who are frequently ill or have a weak constitution.
For example, you might hear it used to describe a child who often catches colds, or an elderly person who is not very strong.
It implies a general state of being unhealthy rather than a specific illness. You wouldn't typically use it for someone who is currently sick but usually healthy.
病弱な en 30 segundos
- frequently ill
- physically weak
- frail constitution
§ What does 病弱な mean?
The Japanese adjective 病弱な (byoujakuna) translates to 'sickly' or 'frail' in English. It's used to describe someone who has a weak constitution, is often ill, or lacks physical strength. Think of someone who gets sick easily or always seems a bit delicate. It's a useful word to know when you want to talk about someone's general health condition, especially if they are prone to illness.
Unlike a temporary illness like a cold, 病弱な describes a more persistent state. It implies a long-term weakness or susceptibility to sickness rather than an acute, short-term health issue. This is an important distinction to remember. You wouldn't typically use 病弱な to describe someone who just has the flu for a week; rather, it refers to a chronic state of being easily ill.
§ When do people use it?
You'll hear and use 病弱な in a few common situations:
- Describing a person's health: This is the most direct use. You might describe a child who often misses school due to illness as 病弱な.
- In literature or media: Characters who are delicate or have poor health are often described this way to convey their physical state and sometimes their emotional fragility.
- In medical contexts (less common, but possible): While specific medical terms exist, 病弱な can be used in a general sense by laypeople to talk about a chronic weakness.
Let's look at some examples to make this clearer:
彼女は子供の頃から病弱な体質だった。
- Hint
- She had a sickly constitution since childhood.
彼は体が病弱なため、激しい運動ができない。
- Hint
- Because his body is frail, he can't do intense exercise.
Notice how in both examples, 病弱な refers to a general state of health rather than a temporary illness. This is key to using it correctly.
§ Common mistakes to avoid
A common mistake is using 病弱な when you mean 'sick' in the temporary sense. If someone has a cold today, you'd use expressions like 風邪を引いている (kaze o hiite iru - has a cold) or 体調が悪い (taichou ga warui - feeling unwell), not 病弱な.
Also, while 'frail' can sometimes imply old age, 病弱な doesn't necessarily carry that connotation. A child can be 病弱な, just as an adult can. It's purely about physical weakness and susceptibility to illness.
Remember, context is everything in Japanese. By understanding the nuance of 病弱な, you can avoid miscommunication and sound more natural in your Japanese conversations. It describes a lasting characteristic, not a fleeting one.
§ Understanding 病弱な (byoujaku na)
The Japanese word 病弱な (びょうじゃくな, byoujaku na) is a な-adjective. This means it describes nouns and connects to them using な (na).
It refers to someone who is often ill or has a delicate constitution. It's not about being sick right now, but rather a general state of being prone to illness.
§ Basic Usage with Nouns
When 病弱な describes a noun, you place な (na) directly after it and before the noun.
病弱な子供 (byoujaku na kodomo)
- 子供 (こども, kodomo): child
This translates to "a sickly child" or "a frail child."
病弱な体 (byoujaku na karada)
- 体 (からだ, karada): body
This means "a frail body" or "a sickly constitution."
§ Using 病弱な with です/ます
To make a complete sentence using 病弱な as a predicate, you add です (desu) or でした (deshita) after it.
彼女は病弱です。(Kanojo wa byoujaku desu.)
- 彼女 (かのじょ, kanojo): she
Translation hint: "She is sickly."
彼は子供の頃、病弱でした。(Kare wa kodomo no koro, byoujaku deshita.)
- 彼 (かれ, kare): he
- 子供の頃 (こどものころ, kodomo no koro): when he was a child
Translation hint: "He was sickly as a child."
§ Connecting Sentences with で (de)
You can use で (de) to connect a な-adjective like 病弱な to another clause, indicating a reason or a state.
病弱で、よく学校を休んでいました。(Byoujaku de, yoku gakkou o yasunde imashita.)
- よく (yoku): often
- 学校を休む (がっこうをやすむ, gakkou o yasumu): to miss school
Translation hint: "Being sickly, they often missed school."
§ Using に (ni) with 病弱な
When you want to describe how something becomes or seems sickly, you can use に (ni).
彼はだんだん病弱になりました。(Kare wa dandan byoujaku ni narimashita.)
- だんだん (dandan): gradually
- なる (naru): to become
Translation hint: "He gradually became sickly."
§ Context and Nuance
病弱な often carries a slightly sympathetic tone, suggesting a natural predisposition rather than self-neglect. It's often used when talking about children or people who have always been delicate.
彼女は昔から病弱な子でした。(Kanojo wa mukashi kara byoujaku na ko deshita.)
- 昔から (むかしから, mukashi kara): since a long time ago
- 子 (こ, ko): child
Translation hint: "She has been a sickly child since a long time ago."
So you've learned that 病弱な (byoujakuna) means 'sickly' or 'frail.' That's a good start. Now, let's look at where and how you'll actually hear and use this word in everyday Japanese. It's not the most common word you'll encounter daily, but it's important to understand its context. Knowing where a word fits in helps you use it naturally, not just memorize a definition.
§ Talking about Health and People
You'll often hear 病弱な used when people are discussing someone's general health condition, particularly if they've had a weak constitution for a long time. It describes a state of being, not a temporary illness.
- DEFINITION
- Sickly, frail. Used to describe someone who is often ill or has a delicate constitution.
彼女は昔から体が弱く、病弱な体質です。
Translation hint: She's had a weak body since long ago, and has a sickly constitution.
彼の祖父は若い頃から病弱なため、あまり無理ができませんでした。
Translation hint: Because his grandfather was frail from a young age, he couldn't push himself much.
§ In Media and Stories
You might come across 病弱な in novels, TV dramas, or even historical accounts. It's a common trope for characters who are delicate or have long-term health issues. It helps to quickly establish a character's background or a situation.
その物語の主人公は、生まれつき病弱な少年でした。
Translation hint: The protagonist of that story was a boy who was frail from birth.
彼は病弱な妹の世話をしながら、必死に働きました。
Translation hint: While taking care of his sickly younger sister, he worked desperately.
§ Formal Contexts and Documentation
Less commonly, but still possible, you might see 病弱な in more formal documentation or medical contexts, though more precise medical terms would generally be preferred. When it does appear, it usually simplifies a complex medical history into a single descriptive term.
彼は病弱なため、学校を休みがちでした。
Translation hint: Because he was sickly, he tended to miss school.
- When referring to yourself, you might use it, but it's more often used to describe others.
- It carries a nuance of enduring health issues, rather than just a temporary cold.
- Think of it as describing a state of being, a part of someone's general health profile.
Now you have a better idea of where 病弱な fits into real Japanese conversations and writing. It's about recognizing the context and the long-term implication of the word. Keep practicing with these examples, and you'll get a feel for it.
§ Don't confuse 病弱な with 病気 (byouki)
Many learners mix up 病弱な (byoujaku na) and 病気 (byouki). While both relate to illness, their meanings and usage are quite different. 病弱な describes a person's general physical state – someone who is inherently weak or prone to getting sick. It's an adjective used to characterize someone's constitution.
- DEFINITION
- 病弱な (byoujaku na): Sickly, frail (describes a chronic state).
- DEFINITION
- 病気 (byouki): Illness, sickness (a specific instance of being unwell).
Think of it this way: someone who is 病弱な might often have different 病気. But just having a 病気 doesn't make you 病弱な. You could get sick once or twice a year, but still be a very healthy person overall. If you are 病弱な, it implies a more ongoing, fundamental weakness.
彼女は病弱な子供でした。(Kanojo wa byoujaku na kodomo deshita.)
Hint: She was a sickly child.
彼は風邪をひいて病気です。(Kare wa kaze o hiite byouki desu.)
Hint: He caught a cold and is sick.
§ Using it for objects or non-living things
病弱な is specifically used for living beings, primarily people, to describe their physical frailty or tendency to get sick. You wouldn't use it to describe a car that breaks down often or a plant that isn't thriving. For objects, you would use different words like 壊れやすい (kowareyasui - fragile, easily broken) or 調子が悪い (choushi ga warui - not in good condition).
このパソコンは病弱なです。(Kono pasokon wa byoujaku na desu.) - Incorrect
Hint: This computer is sickly. (This sounds unnatural in Japanese.)
このパソコンは調子が悪いです。(Kono pasokon wa choushi ga warui desu.) - Correct
Hint: This computer is not in good condition.
§ Overusing it or using it too casually
While 病弱な is a useful word, it's not something you'd use to describe every minor ailment. It carries a sense of inherent, chronic weakness. If someone just has a cold, you wouldn't typically call them 病弱な. It's a stronger term. Using it casually might sound overly dramatic or even a bit rude, implying a fundamental lack of health rather than a temporary condition.
Imagine describing a friend who gets the flu once a year as 病弱な – it would be an exaggeration. It's best reserved for those who genuinely struggle with their health consistently.
- Don't use it for temporary sicknesses like a common cold.
- It implies a long-term, inherent physical weakness.
- Consider if a simpler term like 体が弱い (karada ga yowai - physically weak) might be more appropriate if the nuance of 'sickly' isn't fully intended. 体が弱い is a bit broader and can describe someone who just isn't very strong, without the strong implication of constantly being ill.
彼はよく風邪をひくので、病弱な人です。(Kare wa yoku kaze o hiku node, byoujaku na hito desu.) - Potentially too strong if it's just colds.
Hint: Because he often catches colds, he is a sickly person.
彼は体が弱いので、風邪をひきやすいです。(Kare wa karada ga yowai node, kaze o hikiyasui desu.) - More natural
Hint: Because he is physically weak, he easily catches colds.
Dato curioso
The kanji 病 (byō) itself is a combination of 疒 (yamai-dare, a radical meaning sickness or disease) and 丙 (hei, which can mean 'third' but here contributes phonetically).
Guía de pronunciación
- Mispronouncing the 'ja' sound as a hard 'j' like in 'jump' instead of a softer sound.
- Not lengthening the 'o' sound after 'by'.
Nivel de dificultad
Two common kanji, but 'jaku' might be less familiar to beginners.
Two common kanji, but 'jaku' might be less familiar to beginners.
Straightforward pronunciation.
Clear pronunciation.
Qué aprender después
Requisitos previos
Aprende después
Avanzado
Gramática que debes saber
「～な」形容詞の特性: 「病弱な」は「～な」形容詞です。これは名詞を修飾するときに「な」をつけます。形容詞として文を終えるときは「だ/です」を使います。形容詞として副詞的に動詞を修飾するときは「に」を使います。
彼女は病弱な子供です。 (She is a sickly child.) 彼女は病弱です。 (She is sickly.) 彼は病弱に育った。 (He grew up sickly.)
「～がる」と組み合わせて使う: 人の感情や状態を推測して表現する「～がる」と一緒に使うことができます。この場合、「病弱がっている」となりますが、この表現はあまり一般的ではありません。「病弱に見える」や「病弱な様子だ」の方が自然です。
彼は病弱に見える。 (He looks sickly.)
否定形: 「～な」形容詞の否定形は「～ではない」または「～じゃありません」です。
彼は病弱ではない。 (He is not sickly.)
過去形: 「～な」形容詞の過去形は「～だった」または「～でした」です。
昔、私は病弱だった。 (I used to be sickly.)
比較級: 「～より病弱だ」という形で比較します。
彼女は私より病弱だ。 (She is more sickly than me.)
Ejemplos por nivel
病弱な子供。
A sickly child.
彼女は病弱です。
She is sickly.
彼は病弱な体です。
He has a frail body.
病弱な猫を飼っています。
I have a sickly cat.
病弱なので、よく休みます。
Because I'm sickly, I rest often.
病弱な彼を心配しています。
I'm worried about him, who is sickly.
彼女は病弱だけど、元気です。
She's sickly, but energetic.
冬は病弱になりやすいです。
It's easy to become sickly in winter.
病弱な子供。
A sickly child.
Describes a child who is often ill.
彼は昔から病弱だ。
He has been sickly since long ago.
Indicates a long-term condition.
病弱なので、よく休む必要がある。
Because I am frail, I often need to rest.
Explains a reason for needing rest.
病弱な体質。
A sickly constitution.
Refers to one's natural tendency to be ill.
彼女は少し病弱なところがある。
She has a somewhat sickly side.
Suggests a characteristic of being delicate.
病弱な動物は長生きできない。
Sickly animals cannot live long.
Connects being sickly with a shorter lifespan.
彼は病弱だが、心は強い。
He is frail, but his heart is strong.
Presents a contrast between physical weakness and mental strength.
病弱な人が多い家庭。
A family with many sickly people.
Describes a household where illness is common.
病弱な子供だったので、よく学校を休みました。
He was a sickly child, so he often missed school.
彼女は病弱な体ですが、とても頑張り屋です。
She has a frail body, but she's a very hard worker.
病弱な老人が心配です。
I'm worried about the frail old man.
冬は病弱な人が風邪を引きやすいです。
In winter, sickly people easily catch colds.
彼は昔、病弱で体が弱かった。
He used to be sickly and weak.
病弱な妹を兄が守っていました。
The older brother protected his sickly younger sister.
その植物は病弱で、すぐに枯れてしまいます。
That plant is frail and wilts quickly.
病弱な体質なので、健康に気をつけています。
Since I have a sickly constitution, I'm careful about my health.
彼女は子供の頃から病弱で、よく学校を休んでいました。
She was sickly since childhood and often missed school.
彼は体が病弱なので、激しい運動は避けるべきです。
Since his body is frail, he should avoid strenuous exercise.
病弱な体質でも、適切なケアで元気に過ごせます。
Even with a sickly constitution, you can live energetically with proper care.
その老人は病弱だが、心はとても強い。
That old man is frail, but his spirit is very strong.
彼女の病弱な容姿は、周囲の同情を誘った。
Her frail appearance drew sympathy from those around her.
長年の無理がたたって、彼は病弱になってしまった。
Years of overwork led him to become sickly.
病弱な子供は、親にとって特に心配の種だ。
A sickly child is a particular source of worry for parents.
冬になると、病弱な人は体調を崩しやすい。
In winter, sickly people tend to get sick easily.
Colocaciones comunes
Frases Comunes
彼女は子供の頃から病弱だった。
She has been sickly since childhood.
彼は病弱な体で苦労している。
He is struggling with his frail body.
病弱な高齢者が増えている。
The number of frail elderly people is increasing.
病弱な彼を支えたい。
I want to support him, who is sickly.
病弱な体質なので、無理はできない。
Since I have a frail constitution, I cannot overdo it.
病弱な犬を飼っている。
I have a sickly dog.
彼女は病弱そうに見える。
She looks sickly.
病弱な体でも、彼は頑張っている。
Even with a frail body, he is doing his best.
病弱な妻の健康を心配している。
I am worried about my sickly wife's health.
病弱なため、学校を休みがちだ。
Because of being sickly, I tend to miss school.
Se confunde a menudo con
Illness, sickness (noun). Refers to a specific instance or state of being ill.
Weak (adjective). A general term for lack of strength in various contexts.
Feeling unwell, in poor physical condition (phrase). A temporary state.
Patrones gramaticales
Modismos y expresiones
"病弱な体質"
A sickly constitution.
彼女は病弱な体質で、よく風邪をひきます。
neutral"病弱な子供"
A sickly child.
昔は病弱な子供が多かった。
neutral"病弱な身"
One's frail body.
病弱な身なので、無理はできません。
formal"病弱な人"
A sickly person.
彼は病弱な人だが、心が強い。
neutral"病弱に見える"
To look sickly.
最近、彼は病弱に見える。
neutral"病弱ながらも"
Despite being sickly.
病弱ながらも、彼は一生懸命働いた。
formal"病弱で家にこもる"
To stay indoors due to illness.
病弱で家にこもりがちです。
neutral"病弱な体で苦労する"
To suffer from a sickly body.
病弱な体で苦労してきました。
neutral"病弱な声"
A weak/frail voice (due to illness).
病弱な声で彼は話した。
neutral"病弱な顔色"
A sickly complexion.
彼女は病弱な顔色をしている。
neutralFácil de confundir
Often confused with words like '病気' (byouki - sick, illness) or '弱い' (yowai - weak). While related, '病弱な' specifically describes a state of being inherently sickly or frail, often over a long period, rather than a temporary illness.
'病弱な' implies a constitution that is prone to illness, or a chronic frailty. '病気' refers to an active illness. '弱い' is a general term for weakness, which could be physical, mental, or in a skill.
彼女は子供の頃から病弱だった。 (Kanojo wa kodomo no koro kara byoujaku datta.) - She has been sickly since childhood.
Can be confused with '病弱な' because both imply a lack of strength. However, '弱い' is much broader and can apply to many contexts beyond health.
'弱い' is a general term for weakness. It can describe someone who is physically weak, mentally weak, or even something that is structurally weak (e.g., '弱い橋' - a weak bridge). '病弱な' specifically refers to a weak constitution in terms of health.
彼は体が弱いので、あまり運動ができない。 (Kare wa karada ga yowai node, amari undou ga dekinai.) - He's physically weak, so he can't exercise much. (This could mean '病弱な' but is more general.)
Often mistakenly used interchangeably with '病弱な'.
'病気' is a noun meaning 'illness' or 'sickness'. It refers to the condition of being sick. '病弱な' is an adjective describing a person who is sickly or frail. You 'have' a '病気', but you 'are' '病弱な'.
昨日から病気です。 (Kinou kara byouki desu.) - I've been sick since yesterday.
Describes feeling unwell, which can be similar to being sickly.
'体調が悪い' means 'in poor physical condition' or 'feeling unwell'. It's usually a temporary state. '病弱な' describes a chronic or inherent state of frailty.
今日は体調が悪いので、早く帰ります。 (Kyou wa taichou ga warui node, hayaku kaerimasu.) - I'm not feeling well today, so I'm going home early.
Very similar in meaning to '病弱な' and often used interchangeably, leading to confusion about nuance.
Both '虚弱な' and '病弱な' mean frail or weak. '虚弱な' often emphasizes physical weakness and a lack of robustness, perhaps even more than '病弱な' which leans slightly more towards being prone to illness. The distinction is subtle and in many contexts, they can be used similarly. However, '病弱な' more strongly implies a history or predisposition to getting sick.
その子は生まれつき虚弱だった。 (Sono ko wa umaretsuki kyojaku datta.) - That child was constitutionally weak from birth.
Patrones de oraciones
Noun は 病弱な です。
彼 は 病弱な です。
病弱な Noun
病弱な 子供
Noun は 病弱な 体質 です。
彼女 は 病弱な 体質 です。
Sentence ので、〜
彼女は病弱な体質なので、無理はできない。
〜から、〜
彼は子供の頃から病弱だった。
Familia de palabras
Sustantivos
Cómo usarlo
When describing someone's physical condition as often ill or weak, you can use 病弱な (byoujakuna). It emphasizes a prolonged or inherent state of being unwell rather than a temporary sickness.
A common mistake is confusing 病弱な (byoujakuna) with simply being sick at the moment. While both relate to illness, 病弱な implies a chronic or recurring frailty, whereas being 病気 (byouki) means being currently ill.
For example, you wouldn't say 「今日は病弱だ」 (Kyou wa byoujakuda - I am sickly today) if you just have a cold. Instead, you would say 「今日は病気だ」 (Kyou wa byouki da - I am sick today).
Consejos
Basic Meaning
病弱な (byoujaku na) literally combines 病 (byou) meaning 'illness' or 'sickness' and 弱 (jaku) meaning 'weak'. So, it means 'sickly' or 'frail'.
Grammar: Na-adjective
This is a na-adjective. Remember to add な (na) before a noun, like 病弱な子供 (byoujaku na kodomo - a sickly child). When used predicatively, it's 病弱です (byoujaku desu - is sickly).
Common Usage
You'll often hear it describing someone who is frequently ill or has a delicate constitution. It implies a chronic state of being weak due to illness, not just a temporary sickness.
Synonyms/Related
Similar words include 体が弱い (karada ga yowai - weak body) or 虚弱な (kyojaku na - frail, delicate). While similar, 病弱な specifically emphasizes the 'sickly' aspect.
Antonyms
The opposite could be 健康な (kenkou na - healthy) or 丈夫な (joubu na - strong, robust). These describe someone who is rarely sick.
Example Sentence 1
彼は子供の頃から病弱な少年でした。
Kare wa kodomo no koro kara byoujaku na shounen deshita.
(He was a sickly boy since childhood.)
Example Sentence 2
彼女は体が病弱なので、無理はできません。
Kanojo wa karada ga byoujaku na node, muri wa dekimasen.
(Since her body is frail, she can't overexert herself.)
Not for Temporary Illness
Do not use 病弱な to describe someone who is just currently sick with a cold. It implies a long-term state of poor health or susceptibility to illness.
Polite Usage
When describing someone else, especially an elderly person, using 病弱な can be sensitive. It's generally a neutral descriptive term, but consider context and tone.
Memorízalo
Mnemotecnia
Imagine a **byo** (sound of 'byou' - like 'bio' in biology) who is **jaku** (sounds like 'jack') from 'Jack and the Beanstalk' but he's **na** (sounds like 'na' in 'nap') because he's so sickly and frail he needs to nap all the time. **Byoujaku na** Jack naps a lot because he is sickly and frail.
Asociación visual
Picture a very pale, thin person, perhaps wrapped in a blanket, looking very weak and needing help. Associate this image with the sound of 'byoujaku na'. You could even imagine them coughing or having a runny nose.
Word Web
Desafío
Think of a time someone you know (or a fictional character) was sickly or frail. Describe them using 病弱な. For example: 私の祖母は若い頃、病弱な子供でした。(Watashi no sobo wa wakai koro, byoujaku na kodomo deshita.) - My grandmother was a sickly child when she was young. Or: 彼はいつも病弱なので、よく学校を休みます。(Kare wa itsumo byoujaku nanode, yoku gakkou o yasumimasu.) - He is always sickly, so he often misses school.
Origen de la palabra
From '病' (byō) meaning 'illness' or 'sickness', and '弱' (jaku) meaning 'weak'. The 'な' (na) is an adjectival particle.
Significado original: Weak from illness.
Sino-Japanese (音読み - onyomi readings)Contexto cultural
<p>In Japanese culture, there can be a nuanced perception of 'sickly' depending on the context. While generally not seen as a positive trait, a character in fiction or a historical figure described as 病弱な might evoke a sense of fragility or artistic sensitivity rather than just poor health.</p><p>It's often used to describe someone who has been delicate since childhood.</p>
Practica en la vida real
Contextos reales
Describing a person's health condition over time.
- 子供の頃から病弱だった (kodomo no koro kara byoujaku datta - has been sickly since childhood)
- 体が病弱だ (karada ga byoujaku da - has a frail body)
- 病弱な体質 (byoujaku na taishitsu - sickly constitution)
Talking about someone who frequently gets sick.
- 病弱ですぐ風邪をひく (byoujaku de sugu kaze o hiku - sickly and catches colds easily)
- 病弱なので、無理はできない (byoujaku nanode, muri wa dekinai - since they're frail, they can't overexert themselves)
When someone is trying to overcome their physical weakness.
- 病弱な体を鍛える (byoujaku na karada o kitaeru - to strengthen a frail body)
- 病弱を克服する (byoujaku o kokufuku suru - to overcome frailty)
Describing something other than a person, like a plant.
- 病弱な植物 (byoujaku na shokubutsu - frail plant)
- 病弱な子猫 (byoujaku na koneko - sickly kitten)
Expressing concern or sympathy for someone's health.
- お体は病弱ですか？ (o-karada wa byoujaku desu ka? - Is your body frail? / Are you sickly?)
- 病弱そうで心配です (byoujaku sou de shinpai desu - they look sickly and I'm worried)
Inicios de conversación
"子供の頃、病弱でしたか？ (Kodomo no koro, byoujaku desu ka? - Were you sickly as a child?)"
"周りに病弱な人はいますか？ (Mawari ni byoujaku na hito wa imasu ka? - Are there any sickly people around you?)"
"病弱な体質で困ったことはありますか？ (Byoujaku na taishitsu de komatta koto wa arimasu ka? - Have you ever had trouble due to a sickly constitution?)"
"健康のために何か気をつけていることはありますか？ (Kenkou no tame ni nani ka ki o tsukete iru koto wa arimasu ka? - Is there anything you pay attention to for your health?)"
"もし病弱な人がいたら、どうしてあげたいですか？ (Moshi byoujaku na hito ga itara, dou shite agetai desu ka? - If there was a sickly person, what would you want to do for them?)"
Temas para diario
自分自身や周りの人で「病弱な」という言葉が当てはまる人を思い浮かべて、その人の特徴やエピソードを書いてみましょう。(Jibun jishin ya mawari no hito de 'byoujaku na' to iu kotoba ga atehamaru hito o omoiegaite, sono hito no tokuchou ya episoodo o kaite mimashou. - Think of yourself or someone around you who fits the word 'sickly,' and write about their characteristics or episodes.)
もしあなたが病弱な体質だったら、どんなことに挑戦してみたいですか？ (Moshi anata ga byoujaku na taishitsu dattara, donna koto ni chousen shite mitai desu ka? - If you had a sickly constitution, what kind of things would you like to challenge yourself with?)
病弱な人がより快適に過ごせる社会にするためには、何が必要だと思いますか？ (Byoujaku na hito ga yori kaiteki ni sugoseru shakai ni suru tame ni wa, nani ga hitsuyou da to omoimasu ka? - What do you think is necessary to create a society where sickly people can live more comfortably?)
あなたの周りの植物や動物で、「病弱な」と表現できるものがありますか？具体的に描写してみましょう。(Anata no mawari no shokubutsu ya doubutsu de, 'byoujaku na' to hyougen dekiru mono ga arimasu ka? Gutai-teki ni byousha shite mimashou. - Are there any plants or animals around you that can be described as 'sickly'? Describe them specifically.)
病弱なキャラクターが登場する物語や映画について、印象に残っていることを書いてみましょう。(Byoujaku na kyarakutaa ga toujou suru monogatari ya eiga ni tsuite, inshou ni nokotte iru koto o kaite mimashou. - Write about what left an impression on you regarding stories or movies featuring sickly characters.)
Ponte a prueba 168 preguntas
彼女はいつも___ですが、とても元気です。
文脈は彼女がいつも元気であることを示しているので、「病弱な」が適切です。
彼は昔から体が___なので、よく風邪をひきます。
風邪をひきやすいという事実は「病弱な」と関連しています。
その___な子どもは、いつも家で本を読んでいます。
いつも家で本を読んでいることから、体が弱い様子がうかがえます。
冬になると、私の祖母は___になります。
冬に体調を崩しやすいことを示唆しており、「病弱な」が適しています。
彼は___な体質なので、スポーツはあまり得意ではありません。
スポーツが苦手な理由として、「病弱な」体質が適切です。
___な猫は、日光浴をするのが好きです。
日光浴を好む行動は、体が弱い猫によく見られる傾向と関連しています。
Choose the best word to describe someone who gets sick often.
病弱な (byoujaku na) means sickly or frail. 元気な (genki na) means healthy/energetic, 強い (tsuyoi) means strong, and 大きい (ookii) means big.
Which word is the opposite of '元気な' (genki na - healthy, energetic)?
病弱な (byoujaku na) means sickly, which is the opposite of healthy. 楽しい (tanoshii) means fun, 静かな (shizuka na) means quiet, and 忙しい (isogashii) means busy.
My little brother is often sick. He is a ___ child.
病弱な (byoujaku na) fits the description of a child who is often sick. 嬉しい (ureshii) means happy, 明るい (akarui) means bright/cheerful, and 優しい (yasashii) means kind.
If someone is 病弱な (byoujaku na), they are very strong.
病弱な (byoujaku na) means sickly or frail, which is the opposite of strong.
A person who is 病弱な (byoujaku na) often gets sick.
病弱な (byoujaku na) means sickly or frail, indicating they often get sick.
You can use 病弱な (byoujaku na) to describe a healthy person.
病弱な (byoujaku na) describes someone who is sickly, not healthy.
This is my family.
I am a student.
What is this?
Read this aloud:
はじめまして。
Focus: ha-ji-me-ma-shi-te
Dijiste:
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Read this aloud:
こんにちは。
Focus: kon-ni-chi-wa
Dijiste:
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Read this aloud:
ありがとう。
Focus: a-ri-ga-to
Dijiste:
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Write a short sentence describing someone who is not strong and gets sick easily. Use simple Japanese.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
彼女は病弱な人です。
Imagine your friend is often ill. Write a sentence telling someone that your friend is frail.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
私の友達は病弱です。
Complete the sentence: あの赤ちゃんは（ ）です。 (That baby is frail.)
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
あの赤ちゃんは病弱です。
なぜ田中さんはよく休みますか？
Read this passage:
田中さんは病弱なので、よく休みます。彼は毎日薬を飲みます。
なぜ田中さんはよく休みますか？
田中さんが病弱（sickly, frail）なので、よく休みます (rests often)。
田中さんが病弱（sickly, frail）なので、よく休みます (rests often)。
猫はどこにいますか？
Read this passage:
私の猫は病弱です。だから、いつも家の中にいます。外で遊ぶことができません。
猫はどこにいますか？
猫が病弱（sickly, frail）なので、いつも家の中にいます (is always inside the house)。
猫が病弱（sickly, frail）なので、いつも家の中にいます (is always inside the house)。
この花はどうなりますか？
Read this passage:
この花は病弱です。水をたくさんあげても、すぐ枯れてしまいます。
この花はどうなりますか？
花が病弱（sickly, frail）なので、水をたくさんあげても、すぐ枯れてしまいます (withers quickly).
花が病弱（sickly, frail）なので、水をたくさんあげても、すぐ枯れてしまいます (withers quickly).
This sentence means 'I am sickly.' In Japanese, the subject '私' (I) comes first, followed by the particle 'は' (wa), then the adjective '病弱' (sickly), and finally the copula 'です' (desu).
This sentence means 'He is a little sickly.' '彼' (he) is the subject, 'は' (wa) is the topic marker, '少し' (sukoshi) means 'a little', '病弱' (byōjaku) means 'sickly', and 'です' (desu) is the copula.
This sentence means 'She is a sickly child.' '彼女' (she) is the subject, 'は' (wa) is the topic marker, '病弱な' (byōjakuna) is the adjective 'sickly' in its attributive form before a noun, '子供' (kodomo) means 'child', and 'です' (desu) is the copula.
彼はいつも咳をしていて、とても___に見えます。
文脈から、いつも咳をしているので「病弱な」が適切です。
彼女は子供の頃から体が___でした。
「体が___でした」という文脈で、健康状態を表す形容詞が必要です。
冬になると、彼はよく風邪をひくので、少し___です。
「よく風邪をひく」という説明から、「病弱な」が適切です。
その子は小さくて、少し___に見えました。
「小さくて」という情報と合わせて、「病弱な」が適切です。
私は___な体質なので、寒いのが苦手です。
「寒いのが苦手」という理由から、「病弱な」という体質が考えられます。
彼は昔から体が___で、よく学校を休んでいました。
「よく学校を休んでいました」という事実から、「病弱な」状態を推測できます。
She is often absent because she is sickly.
As a child, I was sickly and often had a fever.
Because I have a sickly constitution, I cannot overexert myself.
Read this aloud:
彼は病弱な少年でした。
Focus: びょうじゃくな (byoujakuna)
Dijiste:
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Read this aloud:
病弱な体でも、彼女は明るいです。
Focus: からだ (karada)
Dijiste:
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Read this aloud:
病弱な人に優しい言葉をかけましょう。
Focus: やさしい (yasashii)
Dijiste:
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Describe a time you or someone you know felt unwell. Use '病弱な' to describe feeling sickly or frail. (2-3 sentences)
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
私は子供の頃、少し病弱な子供でした。よく風邪を引いていました。でも、今はとても元気です。
Imagine a character in a story who is often sick. Write a short sentence describing their condition using '病弱な'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
彼女は病弱な体質なので、無理はできません。
Translate the following English sentence into Japanese: "My grandmother has been a little sickly recently." (Use '病弱な' and '最近'.)
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
私のおばあさんは最近、少し病弱です。
What did Tanaka-san's friends think about him?
Read this passage:
田中さんは、小さい頃から体が弱く、よく病気をしていました。学校を休むことも多かったです。周りの友達は、田中さんのことを病弱な子だと思っていました。
What did Tanaka-san's friends think about him?
The passage states, '周りの友達は、田中さんのことを病弱な子だと思っていました。' (His friends thought he was a sickly child.)
The passage states, '周りの友達は、田中さんのことを病弱な子だと思っていました。' (His friends thought he was a sickly child.)
What is the dog's condition recently?
Read this passage:
私の犬はもう15歳です。最近、少し病弱で、散歩に行くのも大変そうです。でも、ご飯はしっかり食べます。
What is the dog's condition recently?
The passage says, '最近、少し病弱で、散歩に行くのも大変そうです。' (Recently, it's been a little sickly and seems to have trouble going for walks.)
The passage says, '最近、少し病弱で、散歩に行くのも大変そうです。' (Recently, it's been a little sickly and seems to have trouble going for walks.)
When does the mother become sickly?
Read this passage:
冬になると、私の母はいつも病弱になります。風邪をひきやすく、体調を崩しやすいです。暖かい春が待ち遠しいと言っています。
When does the mother become sickly?
The passage states, '冬になると、私の母はいつも病弱になります。' (When winter comes, my mother always becomes sickly.)
The passage states, '冬になると、私の母はいつも病弱になります。' (When winter comes, my mother always becomes sickly.)
This sentence means 'He is a sickly child.' The correct order follows the typical Japanese sentence structure: Subject (彼 - he) + Topic Particle (は) + Adjective (病弱な - sickly) + Noun (子供 - child) + です (desu - is).
This sentence translates to 'She always looks sickly.' The structure is Subject (彼女 - she) + Topic Particle (は) + Adverb (いつも - always) + Adjective Stem (病弱 - sickly) + そうです (sou desu - looks like).
This sentence means 'My cat is a little frail.' The order is 'My cat' (私の猫) as the subject, followed by the topic particle (は), then 'a little' (少し), and finally 'frail' (病弱です).
彼女は子供の頃はとても___でした。
文脈から、子供の頃に体が弱かったことを示唆しています。
彼は___体質なので、風邪をひきやすいです。
風邪をひきやすいという理由から、体が弱い体質であることがわかります。
おじいさんは年をとってから、少し___になりました。
年をとって体が弱くなった状態を表すのに適しています。
昔の物語では、___な姫が登場することがよくあります。
物語の中で、体が弱いお姫様が描かれる場面がよくあります。
病気をしてから、彼女は___になったように見えます。
病気の後で、以前よりも体が弱くなった様子を表しています。
彼の母は___で、いつも心配しています。
母親が体が弱いことを心配しているという文脈から、適切です。
Choose the sentence where 病弱な is used correctly.
病弱な (byoujakuna) describes a person's constitution or physical state, meaning 'sickly' or 'frail.' It is not typically used to describe animals, objects, or abstract concepts.
Which word is an antonym for 病弱な?
病弱な describes someone who is often ill or frail. 健康な (kenkō na) means 'healthy' and is the most direct opposite.
Which of the following phrases best describes someone who is 病弱な?
A person who is 病弱な (sickly/frail) would likely get tired easily due to their delicate health.
病弱な人は、風邪をひきやすいです。 (A sickly person is prone to catching colds.)
If someone is sickly or frail (病弱な), they often have a weaker immune system and are more susceptible to illnesses like colds.
病弱な体質は、努力で変えられない。 (A sickly constitution cannot be changed with effort.)
While some people may have a naturally frail constitution, lifestyle changes, proper diet, exercise (if suitable), and medical care can often improve one's health and reduce the extent of being sickly.
彼は病弱な体にもかかわらず、毎日ジムに通っている。 (Despite his frail body, he goes to the gym every day.)
This sentence correctly uses 病弱な to describe a frail body, implying a contrast with the action of going to the gym, suggesting resilience or an effort to improve health.
She was sickly as a child.
He's been sickly recently and often misses work.
Because of my sickly constitution, I'm careful about my health.
Read this aloud:
彼は病弱ですが、とても頑張り屋です。
Focus: びょうじゃく
Dijiste:
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Read this aloud:
病弱な友人を励ますために、手紙を書きました。
Focus: はげます
Dijiste:
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Read this aloud:
子供の頃は病弱で、学校を休みがちでした。
Focus: がち
Dijiste:
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Describe a time you or someone you know felt unwell using '病弱な'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
私の祖母は昔から病弱な体質で、よく風邪をひいていました。特に冬は体調を崩しやすかったです。 (My grandmother has always had a sickly constitution and often caught colds. She especially tended to get sick in winter.)
Imagine you are talking about a character in a story. How would you use '病弱な' to describe them?
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
その物語の主人公は病弱な少年で、いつも顔色が青白かった。外で遊ぶよりも本を読むのが好きでした。(The protagonist of that story was a sickly boy who always had a pale complexion. He preferred reading books to playing outside.)
Write a short sentence about why someone might be described as '病弱な'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
彼は抵抗力が弱く、すぐに疲れてしまうので、病弱な人だと言われています。(He is said to be a sickly person because his immune system is weak and he gets tired easily.)
この少女について正しい記述はどれですか？ (Which statement about this girl is correct?)
Read this passage:
昔、ある村に病弱な少女が住んでいました。彼女はいつも家の中で静かに過ごし、外で遊ぶことができませんでした。しかし、彼女はとても賢く、たくさんの本を読んでいました。 (Long ago, a sickly girl lived in a certain village. She always spent her time quietly indoors and couldn't play outside. However, she was very intelligent and read many books.)
この少女について正しい記述はどれですか？ (Which statement about this girl is correct?)
文章中に「たくさんの本を読んでいました」と書かれています。(It is written in the passage that 'she read many books.')
文章中に「たくさんの本を読んでいました」と書かれています。(It is written in the passage that 'she read many books.')
田中さんの現在の体質について最も適切な説明はどれですか？ (Which is the most appropriate description of Mr. Tanaka's current constitution?)
Read this passage:
友人の田中さんは最近、少し病弱な体質になったようです。以前はとても元気でしたが、今は少し無理をするとすぐに体調を崩してしまいます。健康に気をつけてほしいです。 (My friend Mr. Tanaka seems to have become a bit sickly recently. He used to be very energetic, but now if he overworks himself even a little, he immediately gets sick. I hope he takes care of his health.)
田中さんの現在の体質について最も適切な説明はどれですか？ (Which is the most appropriate description of Mr. Tanaka's current constitution?)
文章中に「少し無理をするとすぐに体調を崩してしまいます」とあります。(It says in the passage, 'if he overworks himself even a little, he immediately gets sick.')
文章中に「少し無理をするとすぐに体調を崩してしまいます」とあります。(It says in the passage, 'if he overworks himself even a little, he immediately gets sick.')
この猫が冬に病弱になる原因として、文章中に挙げられているのは何ですか？ (What is mentioned in the passage as the reason this cat becomes sickly in winter?)
Read this passage:
冬になると、私の猫は少し病弱になります。寒さに弱く、すぐに風邪をひいてしまいます。獣医さんに相談したら、暖かい場所で休ませるように言われました。 (When winter comes, my cat becomes a bit sickly. It's sensitive to the cold and quickly catches a cold. When I consulted the vet, I was told to let it rest in a warm place.)
この猫が冬に病弱になる原因として、文章中に挙げられているのは何ですか？ (What is mentioned in the passage as the reason this cat becomes sickly in winter?)
文章中に「寒さに弱く、すぐに風邪をひいてしまいます」と書かれています。(It is written in the passage that 'It's sensitive to the cold and quickly catches a cold.')
文章中に「寒さに弱く、すぐに風邪をひいてしまいます」と書かれています。(It is written in the passage that 'It's sensitive to the cold and quickly catches a cold.')
This sentence means 'Because he is always sickly, he often catches a cold.' The order follows a typical Japanese sentence structure: subject, adverb, reason, and then the action.
This sentence translates to 'Although she is sickly, she is very energetic.' The structure presents a contrasting idea using 'ですが' (desuga - but/although).
This means 'When he was a child, he was very sickly.' It starts with a time phrase, followed by the subject and then the descriptive phrase.
彼女は子供の頃から体が___ため、よく学校を休んでいた。
Context indicates she often missed school due to poor health as a child, so '病弱な' (sickly, frail) is the most appropriate fit.
彼は___にもかかわらず、いつも前向きな姿勢を崩さない。
The sentence implies a contrast: despite his condition, he remains positive. '病弱な' fits this context, suggesting he's sickly but strong-willed.
冬になると、祖母は風邪をひきやすく、___になる傾向がある。
The context describes the grandmother getting colds easily in winter, indicating a tendency to be frail or sickly. '病弱' is the correct choice here.
長年の無理がたたり、彼の体はすっかり___になってしまった。
The phrase '長年の無理がたたり' (years of overwork took their toll) suggests a negative impact on his health, making '病弱な' (sickly, frail) the appropriate adjective.
その子は生まれつき体が___で、よく病院に通っていた。
The sentence states the child was born with a weak body and often went to the hospital, so '病弱な' (sickly, frail) is the correct descriptive term.
ストレスが続くと、人は___になりやすいと言われています。
Prolonged stress is known to make people more susceptible to illness or frailty. Thus, '病弱' (sickly, frail) is the fitting word.
彼女は子供の頃からいつも（ ）で、よく学校を休んでいました。
文脈から、学校をよく休んでいた理由として「病弱」が最も適切です。健康、丈夫、元気は逆の意味になります。
彼は（ ）な体質なので、季節の変わり目には特に体調を崩しやすい。
「体調を崩しやすい」という記述から、病弱な体質であることが示唆されます。活発、強靭、頑丈は健康な状態を表します。
祖母は高齢で（ ）なため、一人で外出するのが難しい。
高齢で一人での外出が難しい理由として「病弱」が適しています。元気、溌剌、壮健は活発な状態を示します。
「彼は病弱な体質なので、スポーツが得意だ。」この文は正しい。
病弱な体質は体が弱く病気になりやすいことを意味するため、スポーツが得意であることとは通常結びつきません。
「病弱な子供は、他の子供よりも健康に注意する必要がある。」この文は正しい。
病弱とは体が弱いことを指すので、健康に特に注意することは非常に重要です。
「彼女は病弱にもかかわらず、毎日ジムで激しい運動をしている。」この文は不自然ではない。
病弱な人が激しい運動をすることは、通常、体の状態と合わないため不自然です。
She has been frail since childhood.
Because of my sickly constitution, I can't overdo it.
He worked hard to support his sickly mother.
Read this aloud:
病弱な友人のために何かしてあげたい。
Focus: びょうじゃく
Dijiste:
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Read this aloud:
体が病弱なので、冬は特に気をつけなければならない。
Focus: からだがびょうじゃく
Dijiste:
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Read this aloud:
彼は見た目によらず病弱なところがある。
Focus: みためによらず
Dijiste:
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Imagine you have a friend who is always getting sick. Describe their situation using '病弱な' (byōjakuna). What advice would you give them to improve their health?
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
私の友人はとても病弱なので、よく風邪をひきます。もっと運動をして、健康的な食事を摂るようにアドバイスします。
Write a short paragraph about a historical figure or a character in a book who was known for being '病弱な'. How did their frailty affect their life or role?
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
病弱な体質だった有名な日本の詩人がいました。彼はその体調不良にもかかわらず、多くの美しい詩を残しました。彼の詩には、しばしば病弱な視点からの繊細な描写が見られます。
You are writing a medical report about a patient who is '病弱な'. Describe their general condition and what measures are being taken to support them.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
この患者は生まれつき病弱な体質で、定期的に検査を受ける必要があります。免疫力を高めるために、特定の栄養補助食品と運動療法が推奨されています。
この女性の「病弱な」体質は、彼女の人生にどのような影響を与えましたか？
Read this passage:
彼女は子供の頃から病弱で、学校を休みがちでした。しかし、本を読むことや絵を描くことが好きで、家で多くの時間を過ごし、豊かな想像力を育みました。その経験が、後に彼女を著名な作家へと導いたのです。
この女性の「病弱な」体質は、彼女の人生にどのような影響を与えましたか？
文章から、彼女の病弱な体質が学校を休む原因になったが、その分、読書や絵を描くことで想像力を育み、作家になったと読み取れます。
文章から、彼女の病弱な体質が学校を休む原因になったが、その分、読書や絵を描くことで想像力を育み、作家になったと読み取れます。
彼の「病弱な」状態に対して、友人たちはどのように反応しましたか？
Read this passage:
冬になると、彼はいつも病弱になり、外出を避けるようになりました。友人たちは彼を心配し、彼のために温かい飲み物や毛布を持ってきてくれました。彼はその優しさに感謝しながらも、早く健康になりたいと願っていました。
彼の「病弱な」状態に対して、友人たちはどのように反応しましたか？
文章に「友人たちは彼を心配し、彼のために温かい飲み物や毛布を持ってきてくれました」とあります。
文章に「友人たちは彼を心配し、彼のために温かい飲み物や毛布を持ってきてくれました」とあります。
この地域で「病弱な」子供が増えた原因として何が考えられますか？
Read this passage:
最近、この地域では環境汚染が問題となっており、特に子供たちの間で病弱な子が目立つようになりました。政府は早急にこの問題に取り組むべきだと多くの住民が主張しています。健康は基本的な権利だからです。
この地域で「病弱な」子供が増えた原因として何が考えられますか？
文章の冒頭で「環境汚染が問題となっており、特に子供たちの間で病弱な子が目立つようになりました」と明記されています。
文章の冒頭で「環境汚染が問題となっており、特に子供たちの間で病弱な子が目立つようになりました」と明記されています。
This sentence means 'He is always sickly, so I am worried.' The order follows a typical Japanese sentence structure: subject, adverb, reason, main clause.
This sentence translates to 'She has been sickly since childhood.' The time phrase '子供の頃から' comes before '病弱でした'.
This sentence means 'He, with a sickly constitution, catches colds easily.' '病弱な体質' describes his physical condition, which then leads to him catching colds frequently.
Choose the sentence where 病弱な is used correctly.
病弱な (byoujakuna) describes a person's constitution or a living being's physical state, meaning 'sickly' or 'frail'. In this sentence, it correctly describes a 'sickly constitution' (病弱な体質).
Which word is the most appropriate synonym for 病弱な in the context of someone's health?
虚弱な (kyojakuna) directly translates to 'frail' or 'weak,' making it the closest synonym for 病弱な (byoujakuna) when referring to someone's health or constitution.
Which of the following phrases correctly uses 病弱な to describe a physical condition?
病弱な (byoujakuna) refers to physical weakness or frailty. It can be used to describe an organ like the heart if it's in a chronically weak state. It's not typically used for abstract concepts like ideas, weather, or companies.
The sentence '彼は病弱な精神状態にある' (He is in a sickly mental state) is a natural way to use 病弱な.
病弱な (byoujakuna) primarily refers to physical frailty or sickness. While one might describe a 'weak spirit,' using 病弱な for a mental state is not common or natural; other words like 精神的に弱い (mentally weak) or 精神疾患 (mental illness) would be more appropriate.
If someone is 病弱な, it means they are typically very energetic and rarely get sick.
病弱な (byoujakuna) means 'sickly' or 'frail,' indicating a tendency to be ill or weak, which is the opposite of being energetic and rarely getting sick.
You can use 病弱な to describe the poor condition of an old building.
病弱な (byoujakuna) is used to describe living beings (people, animals) or their physical conditions. It is not used for inanimate objects like buildings. Words like 老朽化した (deteriorated) or 傷んだ (damaged) would be more suitable for a building.
The speaker is talking about someone's physical condition and susceptibility to colds.
The speaker is reminiscing about their childhood health.
The sentence discusses the importance of exercise for a particular group of people.
Read this aloud:
彼は病弱な体に鞭打って、仕事を続けました。
Focus: 鞭打って (muchiutte)
Dijiste:
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Read this aloud:
病弱な彼女を支えることが、私の喜びです。
Focus: 支える (sasaeru)
Dijiste:
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Read this aloud:
病弱だからといって、夢を諦める必要はありません。
Focus: 諦める (akirameru)
Dijiste:
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Imagine you are writing a letter to a friend, describing a character from a book who is sickly. Use 「病弱な」 to describe them and elaborate on how their frailty affects their daily life. Focus on using descriptive adjectives and adverbs.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
この本の主人公はとても病弱な人です。彼女の病弱な体は、毎日の生活に大きな影響を与えています。少しの運動でもすぐに疲れてしまい、外出するのも大変です。そのため、いつも家の中で静かに過ごしています。彼女は病弱であるにもかかわらず、心はとても強く、希望を失いません。その姿にはいつも感動させられます。
You are a doctor writing a patient's medical report. Describe a patient who is constitutionally frail, mentioning how their condition necessitates specific medical care or lifestyle adjustments. Use formal Japanese.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
患者様は長年にわたり病弱な体質であり、免疫機能の低下が見られます。季節の変わり目には特に体調を崩しやすく、定期的な健康管理と専門医による継続的な診察が不可欠です。日常生活においては、過度なストレスや疲労を避け、十分な休養を取ることが重要です。食生活においても栄養バランスの取れた食事を心がけ、必要に応じてサプリメントの摂取も検討する必要があります。
Write a short paragraph for a blog post discussing the historical perception of 'sickly' individuals in Japan. How has this perception changed or remained the same over time? Use 「病弱な」 and discuss societal views.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
日本の歴史において、病弱な人々に対する社会の認識は時代とともに変化してきました。かつては、病弱なことは個人の弱さとして見られることもありましたが、現代では医療の発展と人権意識の高まりにより、病弱な人々への理解と支援が深まっています。しかし、未だに偏見が残る部分もあり、真の意味での共生社会の実現には、さらなる努力が必要です。
この人物が友人と遊ぶ機会が少なかった主な理由は何ですか？
Read this passage:
彼は幼少の頃から病弱な体質で、学校を休むことが多かった。そのため、友人と遊ぶ機会も少なく、寂しい思いをすることが多かったという。しかし、彼はその時間を読書や絵を描くことに費やし、豊かな内面を育んでいった。
この人物が友人と遊ぶ機会が少なかった主な理由は何ですか？
文章の冒頭に「彼は幼少の頃から病弱な体質で、学校を休むことが多かった。そのため、友人と遊ぶ機会も少なく」とあるように、病弱な体質が主な理由です。
文章の冒頭に「彼は幼少の頃から病弱な体質で、学校を休むことが多かった。そのため、友人と遊ぶ機会も少なく」とあるように、病弱な体質が主な理由です。
日本文学における病弱なヒロインの役割について、筆者はどのように述べていますか？
Read this passage:
多くの日本文学作品において、病弱なヒロインは重要な役割を担ってきました。彼女たちの繊細な美しさやはかなさは、読者の感情を強く揺さぶり、物語に深みを与えています。これは、日本の美意識と深く関連していると言えるでしょう。
日本文学における病弱なヒロインの役割について、筆者はどのように述べていますか？
文章中に「彼女たちの繊細な美しさやはかなさは、読者の感情を強く揺さぶり、物語に深みを与えています」と記載されています。
文章中に「彼女たちの繊細な美しさやはかなさは、読者の感情を強く揺さぶり、物語に深みを与えています」と記載されています。
現代社会における病弱な人々のQOL（生活の質）について、筆者はどのように考えていますか？
Read this passage:
現代社会では、生活習慣病の増加とともに、病弱な状態に陥る人々も増えています。しかし、医療技術の進歩や健康意識の高まりにより、以前に比べて病弱な状態でもQOL（生活の質）を維持できるようになってきています。これは、予防医療の重要性が認識されつつある証拠です。
現代社会における病弱な人々のQOL（生活の質）について、筆者はどのように考えていますか？
文章中に「医療技術の進歩や健康意識の高まりにより、以前に比べて病弱な状態でもQOL（生活の質）を維持できるようになってきています」と記載されています。
文章中に「医療技術の進歩や健康意識の高まりにより、以前に比べて病弱な状態でもQOL（生活の質）を維持できるようになってきています」と記載されています。
This sentence describes someone being sickly from a young age and frequently missing school. The order follows a natural Japanese sentence structure: time phrase, subject, state, frequency, action.
This sentence contrasts a physically frail constitution with strong mental resilience. The 'だが' (but) correctly connects the two contrasting clauses.
This sentence explains that medical advancements have allowed sickly children to grow up healthy. The structure shows cause (medical progress) leading to effect (children growing healthy).
彼女は子供の頃から体が___ため、激しい運動は避けてきた。(She has avoided strenuous exercise since childhood because her body is ___.)
文脈から、激しい運動を避ける理由として「体が弱い」という意味の形容詞が適切です。「病弱な」は「体が弱くて病気がちである」という意味で、この文脈に合致します。
彼は昔から___で、冬になるといつも風邪をひいていた。(He was always ___ in the past, and he always caught a cold in winter.)
「冬になるといつも風邪をひいていた」という事実から、彼の体質が「病気がちである」ことを示唆しています。「病弱な」がその意味に最も適しています。
最新の医療技術のおかげで、___な体質を持つ人々も以前より健康的な生活を送れるようになった。(Thanks to the latest medical technology, people with ___ constitutions can now live healthier lives than before.)
医療技術の進歩によって恩恵を受けるのは、元々体が弱い人々です。したがって「病弱な体質」が適切です。
長年の無理がたたり、彼女の体はすっかり___になってしまった。(After many years of overwork, her body became completely ___.)
「長年の無理」の結果として体が弱くなった状況を表すのに「病弱な」が最も適切です。
彼は幼い頃から___で、よく学校を休んでいたと聞いた。(I heard that he was ___ from an early age and often missed school.)
「よく学校を休んでいた」という行動の原因として、「体が弱い」という意味の「病弱な」が最も自然です。
過酷な環境下では、たとえ健康な人でも___になることがある。(In harsh environments, even healthy people can become ___.)
過酷な環境は健康な人でも体を弱くする可能性があります。「病弱な」が「体が弱くて病気がちになる」という状況を適切に表現しています。
Choose the sentence where 病弱な is used correctly.
病弱な (byōjakuna) describes a person's physical state of being frail or sickly. It's not typically used to describe abstract concepts like ideas, book content, or singing voices.
Which of the following best describes someone who is 病弱な?
病弱な (byōjakuna) directly means sickly or frail, indicating a predisposition to illness and a lack of physical robustness.
What is an antonym for 病弱な?
病弱な describes being unhealthy or frail. Therefore, 健康な (healthy) is its direct antonym, describing a state of good health.
「彼は病弱な子供だったが、成長して医者になった。」(He was a sickly child, but grew up to become a doctor.) This sentence uses 病弱な correctly.
The sentence describes a child who was physically weak, which is a correct application of 病弱な (byōjakuna).
病弱な can be used to describe a weak argument in a debate.
病弱な (byōjakuna) specifically refers to physical frailty or illness in living beings. It is not used to describe abstract concepts like arguments.
If someone is described as 病弱な, it means they are very muscular and strong.
病弱な (byōjakuna) means sickly or frail, which is the opposite of being muscular and strong.
The speaker is talking about someone's health during childhood and school attendance.
Listen for how his 'sickly constitution' changes with the seasons.
The sentence discusses caring for a specific group of people.
Read this aloud:
あなたは、病弱な友人をどのように励ましますか？
Focus: 病弱な (byōjaku na)
Dijiste:
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Read this aloud:
日本の文学作品に登場する病弱なキャラクターについて話してください。
Focus: 文学作品 (bungaku sakuhin)
Dijiste:
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Read this aloud:
病弱な人が社会で生活する上で直面する困難について意見を述べなさい。
Focus: 直面する (chokumen suru)
Dijiste:
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Imagine you are writing a letter to a friend, describing a character from a novel who is 病弱な. Describe their physical characteristics and how their 病弱な nature impacts their daily life and interactions with others. Focus on using descriptive language to convey their frailty without explicitly stating 病弱な multiple times. Aim for a nuanced portrayal.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
小説に出てくる登場人物についてね。彼女はいつも青白い顔をしていて、少し歩くだけで息が切れるような、とても繊細な雰囲気を持っているんだ。冬になるとすぐに風邪をひいてしまって、周りの人たちは彼女のことをいつも心配している。彼女自身も、自分の体調を気遣って、人との交流を避けることがあるから、少し寂しそうに見えるんだ。
Write a short personal reflection (about 100-150 words) on how society's perception of '病弱な' individuals has evolved over time, or how it differs across cultures. Consider the challenges they face and potential biases. You can draw from historical knowledge, personal observations, or fictional examples.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
社会が病弱な人々を見る目は、時代と共に大きく変わってきたと思います。昔は、病弱であることはしばしば運命や懲罰と結びつけられ、偏見の対象となることもありました。しかし現代では、医療の進歩と共に、彼らが直面する困難への理解が深まり、より多くの支援が提供されるようになっています。それでも、外見からは分かりにくい病気を抱える人々は、まだまだ周囲の無理解に苦しむことがあります。社会全体で、彼らの多様なニーズを認識し、より包括的な支援体制を築くことが求められています。
You are writing a diary entry. Describe a scene where someone you know, who is 病弱な, attempts a physically demanding task. Focus on their internal struggle, their determination, and the reactions of those around them. How do they cope with their physical limitations?
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
今日は、友人の明がずっと挑戦したかった登山に挑戦した日だった。彼はいつも病気がちで、体力には自信がないけれど、この日ばかりは並々ならぬ決意を秘めていた。途中、何度か息を切らし、顔色が悪くなる場面もあったが、彼は決して諦めなかった。周りの仲間たちが励ましの言葉をかけ、時には手を貸しながら、一歩一歩、頂上を目指していた。その姿は、病弱な体をものともしない彼の強い精神力を物語っていた。彼にとって、これは単なる登山ではなく、自分自身との戦いだったに違いない。
この作家の病弱な少年時代は、彼の創作活動にどのような影響を与えましたか？
Read this passage:
ある作家は、自身の病弱な少年時代を振り返り、その経験が創作活動に大きな影響を与えたと語っています。ベッドで過ごす時間が長かったため、本を読むことや想像力を働かせることが得意になり、それが後に物語を紡ぐ原動力になったと。彼の作品には、しばしば繊細で内向的な登場人物が登場し、内面の葛藤や心の機微が深く描かれています。
この作家の病弱な少年時代は、彼の創作活動にどのような影響を与えましたか？
文章中に「ベッドで過ごす時間が長かったため、本を読むことや想像力を働かせることが得意になり、それが後に物語を紡ぐ原動力になった」と明記されています。
文章中に「ベッドで過ごす時間が長かったため、本を読むことや想像力を働かせることが得意になり、それが後に物語を紡ぐ原動力になった」と明記されています。
病弱な人々が現代社会で直面する課題として、文章中に挙げられていないものはどれですか？
Read this passage:
現代社会において、病弱な人々が直面する課題は多岐にわたります。身体的な制約だけでなく、社会的な偏見や雇用機会の限定、精神的なストレスなど、目に見えない困難も少なくありません。しかし、テクノロジーの進化や福祉制度の拡充により、彼らがより充実した生活を送れるような支援も増えてきています。重要なのは、個々のニーズに合わせた柔軟なサポート体制を構築することです。
病弱な人々が現代社会で直面する課題として、文章中に挙げられていないものはどれですか？
文章中では「社会的な偏見」「雇用機会の限定」「精神的なストレス」は挙げられていますが、「家族からの孤立」は言及されていません。
文章中では「社会的な偏見」「雇用機会の限定」「精神的なストレス」は挙げられていますが、「家族からの孤立」は言及されていません。
昔話と現代の物語における病弱なキャラクターの描かれ方の違いについて、最も適切に述べられているのはどれですか？
Read this passage:
昔話には、しばしば病弱な姫が登場し、その儚さゆえに周囲の庇護を受け、物語の重要な役割を果たすことがあります。彼女たちの存在は、当時の価値観や美意識を反映していると言えるでしょう。一方で、現代の物語では、病弱でありながらも自立心を持ち、困難に立ち向かう強いキャラクターが描かれることも増え、多様な生き方が表現されるようになっています。
昔話と現代の物語における病弱なキャラクターの描かれ方の違いについて、最も適切に述べられているのはどれですか？
文章中で「昔話には、しばしば病弱な姫が登場し、その儚さゆえに周囲の庇護を受け、物語の重要な役割を果たすことがあります」とあり、一方で「現代の物語では、病弱でありながらも自立心を持ち、困難に立ち向かう強いキャラクターが描かれることも増え」と書かれています。
文章中で「昔話には、しばしば病弱な姫が登場し、その儚さゆえに周囲の庇護を受け、物語の重要な役割を果たすことがあります」とあり、一方で「現代の物語では、病弱でありながらも自立心を持ち、困難に立ち向かう強いキャラクターが描かれることも増え」と書かれています。
This sentence describes how her sickly constitution hasn't changed since childhood. The order flows logically from possessive, to adjective, to noun, then adverbial phrase, and finally the verb.
This sentence explains that he avoided strenuous exercise due to being sickly. '病弱なため' (due to being sickly) acts as a reason for the action '避けていた' (avoided).
This sentence means 'That old dog did well with its sickly body of many years.' The order describes the dog, then its condition, and finally its perseverance.
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Summary
病弱な describes someone who is often sick or has a weak body.
- frequently ill
- physically weak
- frail constitution
Basic Meaning
病弱な (byoujaku na) literally combines 病 (byou) meaning 'illness' or 'sickness' and 弱 (jaku) meaning 'weak'. So, it means 'sickly' or 'frail'.
Grammar: Na-adjective
This is a na-adjective. Remember to add な (na) before a noun, like 病弱な子供 (byoujaku na kodomo - a sickly child). When used predicatively, it's 病弱です (byoujaku desu - is sickly).
Common Usage
You'll often hear it describing someone who is frequently ill or has a delicate constitution. It implies a chronic state of being weak due to illness, not just a temporary sickness.
Synonyms/Related
Similar words include 体が弱い (karada ga yowai - weak body) or 虚弱な (kyojaku na - frail, delicate). While similar, 病弱な specifically emphasizes the 'sickly' aspect.
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