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Cardinal Numbers 11-100

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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Amharic numbers 11-100 use a base-10 system where you combine the tens and the units.

  • 11-19 are formed by adding the unit to 'asra' (e.g., asra-and = 11).
  • Multiples of 10 have unique names like 'haya' (20) and 'selasa' (30).
  • Numbers 21-99 combine the ten-word and the unit-word (e.g., haya-and = 21).
Ten + Unit = Number (e.g., 20 + 1 = 21)

Amharic Tens and Units

Number Amharic (Ge'ez) Transliteration
10
አስር
Asir
20
ሃያ
Haya
30
ሰላሳ
Selasa
40
አርባ
Arba
50
አምሳ
Amsa
60
ስልሳ
Silsa
70
ሰባ
Seba
80
ሰማንያ
Semanya
90
ዘጠና
Zetegna

Meanings

Cardinal numbers represent quantity. In Amharic, numbers 11-100 follow a logical additive structure.

1

Basic Counting

Used for counting objects or people.

“አስራ አንድ መጽሐፍ (Asra and metshaf) - 11 books”

“ሰላሳ ብር (Selasa birr) - 30 birr”

Reference Table

Reference table for Cardinal Numbers 11-100
Form Structure Example
11-19
Asra + Unit
Asra-and (11)
20-99
Ten + Unit
Haya-hulet (22)
Question
Number + Noun + ?
Haya-and sew new? (Is it 21 people?)
Negative
Ay- + Number
Ay-asra-and (Not 11)
Quantity
Number + Noun
Selasa birr (30 birr)

طیف رسمیت

رسمی
ሃያ አምስት ብር አለኝ።

ሃያ አምስት ብር አለኝ። (Shopping)

خنثی
ሃያ አምስት ብር አለኝ።

ሃያ አምስት ብር አለኝ። (Shopping)

غیر رسمی
ሃያ አምስት ብር አለኝ።

ሃያ አምስት ብር አለኝ። (Shopping)

عامیانه
ሃያ አምስት ብር አለ።

ሃያ አምስት ብር አለ። (Shopping)

Number Building Blocks

Number

Tens

  • Haya 20
  • Selasa 30

Units

  • And 1
  • Hulet 2

مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

አስራ አንድ

11

2

ሃያ ሁለት

22

3

ሰላሳ ሶስት

33

4

አርባ አራት

44

1

አምሳ አምስት ብር

55 Birr

2

ስልሳ ስድስት ሰዎች

66 people

3

ሰባ ሰባት መጽሐፍ

77 books

4

ሰማንያ ስምንት ቀን

88 days

1

ዘጠና ዘጠኝ አመት

99 years

2

አስራ ስድስት ተማሪዎች

16 students

3

ሃያ ዘጠኝ ደቂቃ

29 minutes

4

አርባ አንድ ኪሎ

41 kilos

1

ስልሳ አራት የቤት ስራዎች

64 homework assignments

2

ሰባ አምስት በመቶ

75 percent

3

ሰማንያ ሁለት ዶላር

82 dollars

4

አስራ ዘጠኝ ሰአት

19 hours

1

ዘጠና አራት አባላት

94 members

2

አምሳ ሁለት ሳምንታት

52 weeks

3

ስልሳ ዘጠኝ ገጾች

69 pages

4

ሰባ ስድስት አገሮች

76 countries

1

ሰማንያ ዘጠኝ በመቶ ድርሻ

89 percent share

2

አስራ ሁለት ወራት

12 months

3

ሃያ ስምንት ቀናት

28 days

4

አርባ ዘጠኝ መኪናዎች

49 cars

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

Cardinal Numbers 11-100 در مقابل 15 vs 50

Asra-amest (15) and Amsa (50) sound similar.

Cardinal Numbers 11-100 در مقابل 60 vs 70

Silsa (60) and Seba (70) are often mixed.

Cardinal Numbers 11-100 در مقابل 11 vs 1

Asra-and (11) and And (1).

اشتباهات رایج

✗

Haya-na-and

✓

Haya-and

Do not add 'na' (and) between the ten and the unit.
✗

Asra-and-ten

✓

Asra-and

Do not repeat the ten word.
✗

And-asra

✓

Asra-and

The ten word always comes first.
✗

Haya-one

✓

Haya-and

Use Amharic unit words, not English.
✗

Amsa-amest-birr

✓

Amsa-amest birr

Ensure correct spacing.
✗

Silsa-sost

✓

Silsa-sost

Check pronunciation of 60 vs 70.
✗

Zetegna-zetegn

✓

Zetegna-zetegn

Ensure correct spelling.
✗

Arba-and-sew

✓

Arba-and sew

Noun should follow the number.
✗

Haya-hulet-och

✓

Haya-hulet

Plural suffix is not needed with numbers.
✗

Seba-sebat-och

✓

Seba-sebat

Plural suffix is redundant.
✗

Semanya-simint-och

✓

Semanya-simint

Avoid redundant pluralization.
✗

Amsa-amest-och

✓

Amsa-amest

Avoid redundant pluralization.

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

___ ብር አለኝ።

___ ሰዎች አሉ።

ይህ መጽሐፍ ___ ብር ነው።

እኔ ___ አመት ነኝ።

Real World Usage

Market shopping constant

ሃያ ብር እሰጣለሁ።

Taxi payment very common

አስራ አምስት ብር ነው።

Stating age common

ሃያ አምስት አመት ነኝ።

Time telling common

አርባ ደቂቃ ቀረ።

Classroom common

አስራ ሁለት ተማሪዎች አሉ።

Business occasional

ሰማንያ በመቶ ድርሻ።

💡

Practice the tens

Memorize the tens (20, 30, 40...) first. It makes everything else easy.
⚠️

Avoid 'na'

Never use 'na' (and) between the ten and the unit.
🎯

Use flashcards

Flashcards are the best way to master these numbers.
💬

Listen to locals

Listen to how people say prices in markets.

Smart Tips

Group them by sound.

Learning randomly. → Learning Haya, Selasa, Arba, Amsa, Silsa, Seba, Semanya, Zetegna in order.

Don't pause between ten and unit.

Haya... and. → Haya-and.

Use standard Arabic numerals for clarity.

Writing complex Ge'ez script. → Using 21, 22, 23.

Remember the number comes first.

Metsahaf haya. → Haya metsahaf.

تلفظ

ah-sra-ahnd

Vowel clarity

Ensure the 'a' sounds are crisp.

HA-ya

Stress

Stress the first syllable of the ten-word.

Statement

ሃያ አንድ ነው። ↘

Falling intonation for facts.

Question

ሃያ አንድ ነው? ↗

Rising intonation for questions.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Remember 'Asra' is 'Ten' and 'Haya' is 'Twenty'. Just stack the rest like Lego bricks!

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a stack of 20 books (Haya) with 1 book (And) on top. That's 21 (Haya-and).

Rhyme

Haya is twenty, Selasa is thirty, counting in Amharic is never dirty!

Story

I went to the market with 20 (Haya) coins. I bought 1 (And) apple. Now I have 21 (Haya-and) items in my bag.

شبکه واژگان

AsraHayaSelasaArbaAmsaSilsaSebaSemanyaZetegna

چالش

Count from 20 to 30 out loud in 30 seconds.

نکات فرهنگی

Bargaining is common. Using the exact number is expected.

Numbers are stated clearly to avoid financial errors.

Some speakers might use slightly different pronunciations.

Amharic numbers are derived from Ge'ez, an ancient Semitic language.

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

“

ስንት አመትህ ነው?

“

ይህ መጽሐፍ ስንት ነው?

“

በክፍል ውስጥ ስንት ተማሪዎች አሉ?

“

ስንት ሰአት ነው?

موضوعات نگارش

Write about your age and your family members' ages.
Describe a shopping trip to a market.
List 20 things you want to do this year.
Write a report about a group of 50 people.

اشتباهات رایج

Incorrect

صحیح

Incorrect

صحیح

Incorrect

صحیح

Incorrect

صحیح

Test Yourself

Translate 21 to Amharic.

21 = ___

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Haya-and
Haya is 20, and is 1.
Which is 35? چند گزینه‌ای

35 = ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Selasa-amest
Selasa is 30, amest is 5.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Haya-na-and (Incorrect)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Haya-and
Remove 'na'.
Order the words. Sentence Building

birr / haya / amest

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Haya amest birr
Number before noun.
Translate 66. ترجمه

66 = ?

Answer starts with: Sil...

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Silsa-sedist
Silsa is 60, sedist is 6.
Match number to word. جفت کردن

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Arba
Arba is 40.
Which is 88? چند گزینه‌ای

88 = ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Semanya-simint
Semanya is 80, simint is 8.
Translate 99.

99 = ___

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Zetegna-zetegn
Zetegna is 90, zetegn is 9.

Score: /8

تمرین‌های عملی

8 exercises
Translate 21 to Amharic.

21 = ___

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Haya-and
Haya is 20, and is 1.
Which is 35? چند گزینه‌ای

35 = ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Selasa-amest
Selasa is 30, amest is 5.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Haya-na-and (Incorrect)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Haya-and
Remove 'na'.
Order the words. Sentence Building

birr / haya / amest

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Haya amest birr
Number before noun.
Translate 66. ترجمه

66 = ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Silsa-sedist
Silsa is 60, sedist is 6.
Match number to word. جفت کردن

40 = ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Arba
Arba is 40.
Which is 88? چند گزینه‌ای

88 = ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Semanya-simint
Semanya is 80, simint is 8.
Translate 99.

99 = ___

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Zetegna-zetegn
Zetegna is 90, zetegn is 9.

Score: /8

سوالات متداول (8)

No, Amharic numbers 11-100 are gender-neutral.

No, the number already implies plurality.

They are distinct, but practice helps distinguish 'l' and 'b'.

You can use Arabic numerals (11, 12) or Ge'ez script.

The numbers themselves are the same in all registers.

100 is 'meto'.

No, that is a common mistake.

Yes, they are the standard for all daily counting.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish partial

diez y uno

Amharic omits the conjunction.

French low

soixante-dix

Amharic is purely decimal.

German partial

einundzwanzig

Amharic maintains tens-first order.

Japanese high

nijuu-ichi

Both are decimal.

Arabic moderate

ahad 'ashar

Amharic lacks gendered numbers.

Chinese high

ershiyi

Both are logical and consistent.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
Cardinal Numbers 1-10
Next
Ethiopic Numeral Symbols

Related Grammar Rules

A0

Cardinal Numbers 1-10
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