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B1 noun #2,500 پرکاربردترین 11 دقیقه مطالعه

زميل

zamil
تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها زميل در ۳۰ ثانیه
توضیح زميل in your Level:
At the A1 level, learning the word زميل (zameel) is about basic identification of people in your immediate environment. When you start learning Arabic, you learn words for family (أب, أم) and basic social roles. 'Zameel' is introduced as the word for the people you see at school or work. You learn to say 'This is my colleague' (هذا زميلي) or 'This is my classmate' (هذه زميلتي). The focus is purely on vocabulary acquisition and basic sentence structure. You learn that it is a noun, it has a masculine (زميل) and feminine (زميلة) form, and you practice attaching the 'my' suffix (ي) to it. You don't need to worry about complex plurals or grammatical cases yet. It is simply a label for a person you study or work with. Practice involves pointing to pictures of people in an office or classroom and identifying them as a zameel. You might also learn basic greetings to use with a zameel, such as 'Good morning, my colleague' (صباح الخير يا زميلي). The goal is to build a foundational vocabulary that allows you to describe your daily life and the people in it in the simplest terms possible.
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As you progress to the A2 level, your ability to use زميل expands to include routines and basic descriptions. You start using the plural forms: زملاء (zumalaa') for men/mixed groups and زميلات (zameelaat) for women. This introduces the concept of broken plurals in Arabic, which is a crucial grammatical milestone. You can now form sentences like 'I work with my colleagues every day' (أعمل مع زملائي كل يوم) or 'My classmates are nice' (زملائي في الصف لطفاء). You begin to use adjectives to describe your colleagues, such as 'a new colleague' (زميل جديد) or 'an old colleague' (زميل قديم). The context remains focused on daily life, but you can now express simple opinions and describe regular activities involving these people. You might write short paragraphs about your workplace or school, listing who your colleagues are and what you do together. The distinction between a colleague and a friend (صديق) becomes clearer at this stage, as you learn to categorize relationships more accurately in Arabic.
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At the B1 intermediate level, the usage of زميل becomes more dynamic and integrated into complex sentences. You are no longer just identifying colleagues; you are discussing interactions, collaborations, and workplace dynamics. You use the word in different grammatical cases (nominative, accusative, genitive) correctly, understanding how its ending changes based on its role in the sentence. You learn the Idafa (construct state) to specify 'work colleague' (زميل عمل) versus 'study colleague' (زميل دراسة). You can express opinions about teamwork, saying things like 'Cooperation between colleagues is important' (التعاون بين الزملاء مهم). You might narrate a story about a problem at work and how you solved it with a zameel. Listening comprehension at this level involves understanding dialogues between colleagues discussing projects or schedules. You also become comfortable with the spelling changes of the Hamza in the plural form (زملاؤه، زملاءه، زملائه) when reading and writing short texts or emails. The word is fully integrated into your active professional vocabulary.
Reaching the B2 level means you can use زميل in abstract and highly professional contexts. You can engage in debates about workplace ethics, discussing the rights and responsibilities of a zameel. You understand and use derived terms like زمالة (zamalah - fellowship or collegiality). You can write formal business emails addressing 'Dear Colleagues' (الزملاء الأعزاء) with appropriate professional etiquette. You can discuss the nuances of office politics, distinguishing between a supportive colleague and a competitive one. In media consumption, you easily understand news reports where journalists refer to their colleagues in the field. Your vocabulary around the word expands to include collocations like 'colleague in the profession' (زميل المهنة). You can express hypothetical situations, such as 'If my colleague were here, he would agree' (لو كان زميلي هنا، لَوافق). The word is no longer just a noun; it is a concept tied to professional identity, teamwork, and institutional structures, and you can articulate these concepts fluently in Arabic.
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At the C1 advanced level, your grasp of زميل is near-native. You understand the subtle cultural implications of the word in different Arab societies. You know when calling someone 'Zameel' is a mark of respect and when it might be used to maintain a deliberate professional distance. You can read complex literary or academic texts where the concept of 'Zamalah' (fellowship) is discussed in depth, such as in medical or scientific literature. You can easily navigate the complex orthography of the word and its plurals in formal writing without errors. You can use idiomatic expressions or proverbs related to work and companionship. You understand the historical evolution of the root ز-م-ل and how it shifted from physical companionship to modern professional association. In spoken Arabic, you can seamlessly switch between the MSA pronunciation and the local dialect variations of the word depending on the register of the conversation. You can critique articles or write essays on the changing nature of collegiality in the modern remote workplace.
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At the C2 mastery level, the word زميل is a tool for nuanced expression and rhetorical effect. You can analyze classical Arabic poetry or historical texts where the root ز-م-ل is used in its original sense of a travel companion or someone sharing a burden on a camel. You can write sophisticated academic papers or deliver formal speeches using the highest register of Arabic, employing terms like 'الزمالة الأكاديمية' (academic fellowship) with absolute precision. You understand the legal and bureaucratic definitions of a zameel in Arab labor laws. You can play with the word in creative writing, perhaps contrasting the coldness of a 'zameel' with the warmth of a 'sadeeq' to highlight themes of modern alienation in a novel. Your understanding of the word encompasses its entire semantic field, its etymology, its sociological implications in the Arab world, and its precise grammatical behavior in the most complex syntactic structures. You use it as effortlessly and accurately as a highly educated native speaker.
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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

زميل در ۳۰ ثانیه

  • Zameel means colleague or classmate in Arabic.
  • Use it for professional and school relationships, not close friends.
  • The feminine form is Zameelah, and the plural is Zumalaa'.
  • It is a very common word in formal and everyday workplace Arabic.

The Arabic word زميل (zameel) is a fundamental noun used to describe a person with whom one shares a professional, academic, or institutional environment. Rooted in the Arabic triconsonantal root ز-م-ل (z-m-l), which historically relates to companionship, carrying a load together, or riding together on the same beast of burden, the modern usage has evolved to specifically mean a colleague, coworker, classmate, or associate. Understanding the depth of this word requires exploring its application across various contexts in the Arab world. In a workplace setting, a زميل عمل (zameel 'amal) is someone you collaborate with, share office space with, or interact with in a professional capacity. In an educational setting, a زميل دراسة (zameel dirasa) refers to a classmate or a fellow student. The term implies a level of equality or shared status; a manager is typically not referred to as a zameel by their subordinates in formal contexts, though peers within the same hierarchical level use it freely.

Linguistic Root
ز-م-ل (Z-M-L) - conveying shared burden or companionship.

أحمد زميل محترم في المكتب.

Ahmed is a respected colleague in the office.

The distinction between a zameel (colleague) and a sadeeq (friend) is culturally significant in Arabic-speaking societies. While a zameel can become a sadeeq over time, the initial designation of zameel maintains a professional boundary. This boundary is reflected in the language used; interactions with a zameel might involve more formal greetings and professional register compared to the casual banter shared with a sadeeq. Furthermore, the feminine form زميلة (zameelah) is used for a female colleague, and the plural forms are زملاء (zumalaa') for males/mixed groups and زميلات (zameelaat) for females.

Plural Forms
زملاء (Zumalaa') - Male/Mixed Plural. زميلات (Zameelaat) - Female Plural.

هؤلاء زملاء العمل الجدد.

These are the new work colleagues.

In contemporary Arabic media, business correspondence, and academic literature, zameel is the standard term. It lacks the emotional intimacy of words like رفيق (rafeeq - companion/comrade) or صاحب (saahib - friend/owner), making it the perfect neutral term for professional environments. When introducing someone at a conference or a meeting, saying 'This is my zameel' establishes their professional relevance immediately. The concept of 'Zamalh' (زمالة), the abstract noun meaning fellowship or collegiality, is also derived from this root and is frequently used in medical and academic contexts to denote a fellowship program.

Abstract Noun
زمالة (Zamalah) - Fellowship or collegiality.

حصلت على زمالة في الطب.

I obtained a fellowship in medicine.

رحبت بـ زميلتي في يومها الأول.

I welcomed my female colleague on her first day.

نحن زملاء منذ الجامعة.

We have been colleagues since university.

Using the word زميل correctly involves understanding its grammatical properties as an Arabic noun. It is a masculine singular noun that follows standard Arabic declension rules (I'rab). Depending on its position in a sentence, it can take the nominative (Marfu' - زميلٌ), accusative (Mansub - زميلاً), or genitive (Majrur - زميلٍ) case endings. When you want to specify the type of colleague, you typically use the construct state (Idafa). For example, 'work colleague' is زميلُ عملٍ (zameelu 'amalin), and 'study colleague' or 'classmate' is زميلُ دراسةٍ (zameelu dirasatin). In these constructs, the word زميل is the mudaf (possessed) and drops its nunation (tanween), while the second word is the mudaf ilayhi (possessor) and takes the genitive case.

Idafa Construction
زميل عمل (Zameel 'amal) - Work colleague.

تحدثت مع زميل العمل.

I spoke with the work colleague.

Possessive pronouns are frequently attached to this word to indicate whose colleague it is. 'My colleague' is زميلي (zameeli), 'your colleague' (masculine) is زميلكَ (zameeluka), 'his colleague' is زميلهُ (zameeluhu), and 'her colleague' is زميلها (zameeluha). When using the plural form زملاء (zumalaa'), the possessive suffixes are attached similarly: زملائي (zumalaa'i - my colleagues), زملاؤه (zumalaa'uhu - his colleagues). Notice the spelling change of the hamza in the plural form when suffixes are added; it sits on a waw (ؤ) in the nominative case, on the line in the accusative, and on a yaa (ئ) in the genitive case. This orthographic rule is crucial for advanced writing.

Possessive Suffixes
زميلي (Zameeli) - My colleague.

أين زميلك؟

Where is your colleague?

In spoken Arabic dialects (Ammiya), the pronunciation and usage might shift slightly. In Egyptian Arabic, for instance, the plural is often pronounced 'zumala' with a short final 'a' instead of the glottal stop. In Levantine Arabic, the word is used exactly as in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) but with the local accent. The feminine form زميلة (zameelah) becomes 'zameelit' when followed by a possessive pronoun or in an Idafa construct, such as زميلتي (zameelati - my female colleague). Understanding these phonetic shifts is essential for transitioning between formal reading/writing and casual conversation.

Feminine Form
زميلة (Zameelah) - Female colleague.

هي زميلة ممتازة.

She is an excellent colleague.

خرجت مع زملائي لتناول الغداء.

I went out with my colleagues for lunch.

أرسلت البريد إلى زميلتي.

I sent the email to my female colleague.

The word زميل is ubiquitous across various spheres of daily life in the Arab world, primarily echoing through the halls of professional and educational institutions. If you step into a corporate office in Dubai, a government ministry in Cairo, or a tech startup in Amman, you will constantly hear employees referring to each other as 'zameeli' (my colleague) or 'zumalaa'i' (my colleagues). It is the standard, polite, and professional way to address or refer to someone you work with. In meetings, a speaker might say, 'As my colleague mentioned...' (كما ذكر زميلي), which demonstrates respect and acknowledges shared professional standing. It is a cornerstone of workplace vocabulary.

Corporate Context
Used daily in emails, meetings, and office introductions.

أوافق على اقتراح زميلي.

I agree with my colleague's proposal.

Beyond the office, educational environments are the second most common place to encounter this word. From primary schools to universities, students use 'zameel' to refer to their classmates. A teacher might address the class saying, 'Help your colleagues' (ساعدوا زملاءكم). In university settings, the term takes on a slightly more mature tone, often used to describe peers in a specific major or research group. Furthermore, in academic and medical professions, the derived term 'zamalah' (fellowship) is highly prestigious. A doctor might proudly state they have a 'zamalah' from a specific royal college or medical board, indicating advanced specialized training and peer recognition.

Educational Context
Used by students and teachers to refer to classmates.

سأدرس مع زميلي للامتحان.

I will study with my classmate for the exam.

You will also frequently hear 'zameel' in news broadcasts and journalism. News anchors often hand over the broadcast to a reporter in the field by saying, 'Let's go to our colleague...' (ننتقل إلى زميلنا). This usage underscores the professional network within a broadcasting organization. In legal contexts, lawyers refer to opposing counsel or co-counsel as 'Al-Zameel' (the colleague) as a mark of professional courtesy, regardless of their adversarial stance in a case. This widespread usage across different formal registers highlights the word's versatility and its core function of denoting a shared professional or institutional identity.

Media Context
Anchors transitioning to field reporters.

الكلمة الآن لـ زميلتي في الاستوديو.

The floor is now to my colleague in the studio.

اعترض الزميل المحامي على القرار.

The colleague lawyer objected to the decision.

أرحب بـ زملائي في هذا المؤتمر.

I welcome my colleagues to this conference.

One of the most frequent mistakes Arabic learners make with the word زميل is confusing it with words for 'friend', such as صديق (sadeeq) or صاحب (saahib). While in English, people might casually refer to a coworker as a 'work friend', in Arabic, calling a coworker a 'sadeeq' implies a deeper, personal relationship that extends beyond the workplace. If you only interact with someone at the office and maintain a strictly professional relationship, they are a zameel, not a sadeeq. Misusing these terms can sometimes lead to awkwardness, as it might imply an unearned level of intimacy or informality in a professional setting.

Semantic Error
Confusing زميل (colleague) with صديق (friend).

هو زميلي وليس صديقي المقرب.

He is my colleague, not my close friend.

Another common grammatical error involves the plural form of the word. Because زميل is a masculine noun referring to a human, learners often mistakenly apply the regular masculine plural suffix '-oon' or '-een', resulting in the incorrect forms 'زميلون' (zameeloon) or 'زميلين' (zameeleen). However, زميل takes an irregular 'broken' plural form: زملاء (zumalaa'). Memorizing broken plurals is a standard challenge in Arabic, and 'zumalaa' is a highly frequent one that must be mastered early on. Furthermore, learners sometimes forget to use the feminine plural زميلات (zameelaat) when referring to a group of exclusively female colleagues, defaulting incorrectly to the masculine broken plural.

Morphological Error
Using regular plural endings instead of the broken plural زملاء.

اجتمعت مع الزملاء صباحاً.

I met with the colleagues in the morning.

Spelling mistakes related to the Hamza (ء) in the plural form زملاء when attached to possessive pronouns are also rampant among intermediate learners. As mentioned in the usage section, the seat of the Hamza changes based on the word's grammatical case. Writing زملاءه (with the Hamza on the line) when the word is in the nominative case (it should be زملاؤه) is a classic orthographic error. While this might not affect spoken communication, it is a glaring mistake in formal written Arabic, such as in business emails or academic papers. Mastering the rules of the middle Hamza is essential to avoid this specific mistake.

Orthographic Error
Incorrect placement of Hamza in plural possessive forms.

أرسل المدير رسالة إلى زملائه.

The manager sent a message to his colleagues. (Notice Hamza on Yaa due to genitive case).

جاء زملاؤه إلى الحفلة.

His colleagues came to the party. (Notice Hamza on Waw due to nominative case).

رأيت زملاءه في السوق.

I saw his colleagues in the market. (Notice Hamza on line due to accusative case).

While زميل is the standard word for colleague, the Arabic language is rich with synonyms and related terms that convey subtle differences in relationship and context. A very close synonym is رفيق (rafeeq). While rafeeq can mean companion or comrade, and is sometimes used in political or ideological contexts (like 'comrade' in English), it is also used to mean a companion on a journey or a close associate. However, rafeeq implies a closer, more personal bond than the strictly professional zameel. Another related word is شريك (shareek), which translates to partner. You would use shareek for a business partner with whom you share ownership or a specific project, whereas a zameel is simply someone who works in the same organization.

رفيق (Rafeeq)
Companion, comrade. Implies a closer bond or shared journey.

هو رفيق دربي.

He is my life companion.

The word صديق (sadeeq) is the most common word for friend. As discussed, it should not be used interchangeably with zameel unless the colleague has genuinely become a personal friend. Another term is صاحب (saahib), which can mean friend, companion, or owner. In some dialects, like Egyptian, 'saahib' is the go-to word for friend, but in MSA, it often retains the meaning of companion or owner (e.g., صاحب الشركة - owner of the company). In classical Arabic literature, you might also encounter قرين (qareen), meaning an associate, peer, or constant companion, though this is rarely used in modern everyday workplace contexts.

شريك (Shareek)
Partner. Used for business partnerships or life partners.

أحمد هو شريكي في المشروع.

Ahmed is my partner in the project.

Finally, the word مساعد (musa'id) means assistant. It is important not to confuse zameel (which implies equal footing or peer status) with musa'id, which implies a hierarchical relationship where one person is supporting another. Understanding this web of related vocabulary allows a learner to navigate Arabic social and professional environments with precision, choosing exactly the right word to describe their relationship with the people around them. The choice between zameel, shareek, and sadeeq dictates the tone and professional boundaries of the conversation.

صديق (Sadeeq)
Friend. A personal relationship outside of work.

هذا صديقي من أيام الطفولة.

This is my friend from childhood days.

يعمل كـ مساعد للمدير.

He works as an assistant to the manager.

هو صاحب فكرة المشروع.

He is the owner/creator of the project idea.

چقدر رسمی است؟

سطح دشواری

گرامر لازم

Idafa (Construct State) for specifying 'work colleague' vs 'study colleague'.

Broken Plurals (جمع التكسير) for the form 'زملاء'.

Attached Pronouns (الضمائر المتصلة) for saying 'my/his/her colleague'.

Spelling of the Middle Hamza (الهمزة المتوسطة) in the plural form with suffixes.

Gender agreement between nouns and adjectives (زميل جديد / زميلة جديدة).

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

هذا زميلي في العمل.

This is my colleague at work.

Basic demonstrative 'هذا' with masculine noun + possessive 'ي'.

2

هي زميلة جديدة.

She is a new colleague.

Feminine noun 'زميلة' with feminine adjective 'جديدة'.

3

أين زميلك؟

Where is your colleague?

Question word 'أين' + noun with 2nd person masculine suffix 'ك'.

4

أنا وزميلي في المكتب.

My colleague and I are in the office.

Subject pronoun 'أنا' combined with noun using conjunction 'و'.

5

صباح الخير يا زميلي.

Good morning, my colleague.

Vocative particle 'يا' used before the noun.

6

اسم زميلتي سارة.

My female colleague's name is Sarah.

Idafa construction: 'اسم' (name of) + 'زميلتي' (my colleague).

7

عندي زميل واحد.

I have one colleague.

Preposition 'عند' with suffix 'ي' + noun + number 'واحد'.

8

هل هو زميل دراسة؟

Is he a classmate?

Yes/No question particle 'هل' + Idafa 'زميل دراسة'.

1

زملائي في العمل لطفاء جداً.

My colleagues at work are very nice.

Broken plural 'زملاء' + possessive 'ي' + plural adjective 'لطفاء'.

2

أتناول الغداء مع زميلتي كل يوم.

I eat lunch with my female colleague every day.

Preposition 'مع' (with) taking the genitive case.

3

هؤلاء زميلات في الجامعة.

These are female classmates at the university.

Plural demonstrative 'هؤلاء' + regular feminine plural 'زميلات'.

4

ساعدت زميلي في المشروع.

I helped my colleague with the project.

Verb 'ساعد' taking a direct object.

5

لا أعرف كل الزملاء هنا.

I don't know all the colleagues here.

Word 'كل' (all) followed by plural noun in genitive case.

6

زميلي يتحدث العربية والإنجليزية.

My colleague speaks Arabic and English.

Present tense verb 'يتحدث' agreeing with masculine singular subject.

7

ذهبت إلى حفلة زملائي.

I went to my colleagues' party.

Preposition 'إلى' + Idafa 'حفلة زملائي'.

8

كم زميلاً في مكتبك؟

How many colleagues are in your office?

Interrogative 'كم' followed by singular accusative noun 'زميلاً'.

1

التعاون بين الزملاء يؤدي إلى النجاح.

Cooperation between colleagues leads to success.

Preposition 'بين' followed by plural noun in genitive case.

2

أرسلت رسالة إلكترونية إلى جميع الزملاء.

I sent an email to all colleagues.

Word 'جميع' followed by definite plural noun in genitive.

3

اختلف زميلي معي في الرأي، لكننا احترمنا بعضنا.

My colleague disagreed with me, but we respected each other.

Verb 'اختلف' with preposition 'مع'.

4

يجب على الزميل أن يدعم زميله في أوقات الضغط.

A colleague must support his colleague in times of stress.

Modal 'يجب على' + subjunctive verb 'أن يدعم'.

5

نظمنا حفل وداع لزميلنا الذي سيتقاعد.

We organized a farewell party for our colleague who is retiring.

Relative pronoun 'الذي' referring back to 'زميلنا'.

6

حصلت زميلتي على ترقية مستحقة.

My female colleague got a well-deserved promotion.

Verb 'حصل على' (to obtain/get).

7

أفضل العمل الفردي على العمل مع زملاء غير متعاونين.

I prefer individual work over working with uncooperative colleagues.

Plural noun 'زملاء' with plural adjective 'غير متعاونين'.

8

طلب مني مديري تدريب الزملاء الجدد.

My manager asked me to train the new colleagues.

Verbal noun 'تدريب' acting as first part of Idafa.

1

تعتبر الزمالة الأكاديمية فرصة ممتازة للبحث العلمي.

An academic fellowship is considered an excellent opportunity for scientific research.

Use of the abstract noun 'زمالة' (fellowship).

2

أشاد المدير بكفاءة زميلي في إدارة الأزمات.

The manager praised my colleague's competence in crisis management.

Verb 'أشاد بـ' (praised) + Idafa construction.

3

بناء علاقات مهنية قوية مع الزملاء يعزز بيئة العمل.

Building strong professional relationships with colleagues enhances the work environment.

Verbal noun 'بناء' as the subject of the sentence.

4

انتقد الزميل الصحفي سياسات التحرير في الجريدة.

The journalist colleague criticized the editorial policies in the newspaper.

Apposition: 'الزميل' followed by profession 'الصحفي'.

5

رغم التنافس، حافظنا على روح الزمالة بيننا.

Despite the competition, we maintained the spirit of collegiality between us.

Abstract concept 'روح الزمالة' (spirit of collegiality).

6

تم تكليف مجموعة من الزملاء بتقييم المشروع.

A group of colleagues was assigned to evaluate the project.

Passive voice construction 'تم تكليف'.

7

أعرب زملاؤه عن حزنهم العميق لرحيله المفاجئ.

His colleagues expressed their deep sorrow for his sudden departure.

Hamza spelling 'زملاؤه' in the nominative case as the subject.

8

لا ينبغي الخلط بين الصداقة الشخصية والزمالة المهنية.

Personal friendship and professional collegiality should not be confused.

Passive verb 'يُخلط' with preposition 'بين'.

1

تجلت أسمى معاني الزمالة في تكاتفهم خلال الأزمة المالية للشركة.

The highest meanings of collegiality were manifested in their solidarity during the company's financial crisis.

Advanced vocabulary 'تجلت' (manifested) and 'أسمى' (highest).

2

الحدود الفاصلة بين الزمالة والصداقة قد تتلاشى في بيئات العمل الحديثة.

The dividing lines between collegiality and friendship may blur in modern work environments.

Complex subject 'الحدود الفاصلة' and verb 'تتلاشى'.

3

أصدرت نقابة الأطباء قراراً يحمي حقوق الزملاء الممارسين للمهنة.

The Medical Syndicate issued a decision protecting the rights of colleagues practicing the profession.

Active participle 'الممارسين' modifying 'الزملاء'.

4

كانت رسالته الموجهة لزملائه بمثابة وصية مهنية قبل تقاعده.

His letter addressed to his colleagues served as a professional testament before his retirement.

Hamza spelling 'لزملائه' in the genitive case after preposition 'لـ'.

5

يُشترط للحصول على الزمالة اجتياز اختبارات دقيقة ومقابلات شخصية.

Obtaining the fellowship requires passing rigorous exams and personal interviews.

Passive structure 'يُشترط' (it is required).

6

في العرف الدبلوماسي، يُشار إلى السفير الآخر بلقب 'الزميل' احتراماً.

In diplomatic custom, the other ambassador is referred to by the title 'colleague' out of respect.

Adverb of cause 'احتراماً' (out of respect).

7

أثارت تصريحات الزميل جدلاً واسعاً في الأوساط الأكاديمية.

The colleague's statements sparked widespread controversy in academic circles.

Collocation 'أثار جدلاً' (sparked controversy).

8

تتطلب الزمالة الحقة إنكاراً للذات وتغليباً للمصلحة العامة على الخاصة.

True collegiality requires self-denial and prioritizing public interest over private.

Verbal nouns 'إنكار' and 'تغليب' used for abstract concepts.

1

لقد ضرب الزملاء أروع الأمثلة في الإيثار حين تبرعوا بإجازاتهم لزميلهم المريض.

The colleagues set the finest examples of altruism when they donated their leave days to their sick colleague.

Idiomatic expression 'ضرب أمثلة' (set examples).

2

إن مفهوم الزمالة في التراث العربي يتجاوز مجرد المشاركة المكانية إلى التآزر الروحي.

The concept of collegiality in Arab heritage transcends mere spatial sharing to spiritual synergy.

High-register vocabulary 'التآزر الروحي' (spiritual synergy).

3

لا غرو أن يتفانى الزميل في الدفاع عن زميله إذا ما ألمت به ملمة.

It is no wonder that a colleague dedicates himself to defending his colleague if a calamity befalls him.

Classical expression 'لا غرو' (no wonder) and 'ألمت به ملمة' (calamity befalls).

4

استشهد الكاتب في مقالته بآراء نخبة من زملائه المفكرين لتفنيد الادعاءات.

The author cited the opinions of an elite group of his fellow thinkers in his article to refute the claims.

Complex Idafa 'نخبة من زملائه المفكرين'.

5

تُعد الزمالة البرلمانية حصانة أخلاقية قبل أن تكون قانونية تحت قبة البرلمان.

Parliamentary collegiality is considered a moral immunity before being a legal one under the dome of parliament.

Political register 'الزمالة البرلمانية' and 'قبة البرلمان'.

6

لطالما كانت الزمالة في خنادق القتال رابطة تفوق في متانتها روابط الدم.

Collegiality in the trenches of combat has always been a bond that surpasses blood ties in its strength.

Literary metaphor comparing collegiality to blood ties.

7

إن تجريد مصطلح الزمالة من محتواه الإنساني يحيله إلى مجرد تعاقد وظيفي جاف.

Stripping the term collegiality of its human content reduces it to a mere dry functional contract.

Philosophical/sociological register 'تجريد' (stripping) and 'يحيله' (reduces/transforms it).

8

نعى المجمع اللغوي ببالغ الأسى زميلاً طالما أثرى المكتبة العربية بمصنفاته.

The Language Academy mourned with deep sorrow a colleague who had long enriched the Arabic library with his compilations.

Formal obituary language 'نعى ببالغ الأسى' and 'أثرى'.

مترادف‌ها

رفيق صاحب شريك

متضادها

منافس عدو

ترکیب‌های رایج

زميل عمل
زميل دراسة
زميل مهنة
الزملاء الأعزاء
تعاون الزملاء
احترام الزميل
زميل سابق
زميل جديد
روح الزمالة
حقوق الزمالة

عبارات رایج

هذا زميلي
بالنيابة عن زملائي
كما قال زميلي
زملاء المهنة
علاقة زمالة
زميل في الغرفة
زميل مقرب
اجتماع الزملاء
زملاء الجامعة
تحياتي للزملاء

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

زميل vs صديق (Friend - implies a personal relationship)

زميل vs صاحب (Companion/Friend/Owner - less formal, broader meaning)

زميل vs مساعد (Assistant - implies a hierarchical difference, not a peer)

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"حق الزمالة"
"روح الزمالة"
"أخوة الزمالة"
"زميل السلاح"
"زميل الكفاح"
"زميل الدرب"
"ضرب أروع أمثلة الزمالة"
"زمالة المهنة"
"عشرة زملاء"
"زميل القلم"

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

زميل vs

زميل vs

زميل vs

زميل vs

زميل vs

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

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نحوه استفاده

nuance

Implies a relationship based on shared environment rather than personal choice. A 'Zameel' is assigned by circumstance, a 'Sadeeq' is chosen.

formality

Neutral to Formal. Appropriate for all professional and academic settings.

regional variations

Understood universally across all Arabic dialects. Pronunciation of the plural varies slightly (dropping the Hamza in spoken dialects).

اشتباهات رایج
  • Saying 'زميلون' (Zameeloon) instead of 'زملاء' (Zumalaa') for the plural.
  • Calling a boss or manager 'زميلي' (Zameeli), which can be seen as lacking respect for the hierarchy.
  • Using 'صديق' (Sadeeq - friend) to refer to a coworker you only know professionally.
  • Writing 'زملاءه' (with Hamza on the line) when the word is the subject of the sentence (it should be زملاؤه).
  • Forgetting to use the feminine form 'زميلة' (Zameelah) when referring to a female coworker.

نکات

Master the Broken Plural

Don't try to make 'Zameel' plural by adding regular endings. Memorize 'Zumalaa'' immediately. It is one of the most common broken plurals you will use.

The Tricky Hamza

When writing formal emails, pay close attention to the Hamza in 'Zumalaa'' when adding pronouns. It changes based on the word's role in the sentence. This shows high proficiency.

Professional Boundaries

Using 'Zameel' instead of 'Sadeeq' (friend) helps maintain professional boundaries in the Arab workplace. It is respectful but not overly intimate.

Introductions

When introducing two people at a work event, saying 'Hatha Zameeli' (This is my colleague) is the standard, polite way to establish their identity.

Idafa Construction

Practice combining 'Zameel' with other nouns. 'Zameel 'Amal' (work colleague) and 'Zameel Dirasa' (study colleague) are the most useful combinations.

News Broadcasts

Watch Arabic news. You will hear anchors say 'Zameeli' constantly when talking to field reporters. It's great listening practice.

Match the Gender

Always ensure you use 'Zameelah' for women. Arabic is highly gendered, and using the masculine form for a female colleague is a noticeable error.

Email Greetings

Start group emails with 'Al-Zumalaa' Al-A'izzaa'' (الزملاء الأعزاء - Dear Colleagues). It is the perfect professional opening.

Casual Pronunciation

If you are speaking Egyptian or Levantine dialect, just say 'Zumala' for the plural. Dropping the hard stop at the end makes you sound more natural.

Remember the Camel

Remember that the root originally meant sharing a ride on a camel. You and your colleague are 'sharing the ride' of your job or studies!

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Imagine a ZEALOUS MEAL (Za-Meel) you share with your coworker in the breakroom.

تداعی تصویری

Picture two people carrying a heavy desk together in an office. They are sharing the burden because they are 'Zumalaa' (colleagues).

ریشه کلمه

Arabic root ز-م-ل (z-m-l)

بافت فرهنگی

Journalists exclusively use 'Zameel' to refer to other reporters, creating a unified professional front.

University students use 'Zameel' to refer to anyone in their cohort, fostering a sense of academic solidarity.

Addressing someone as 'Zameel' in a meeting is a sign of professional respect.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"هل هذا زميلك الجديد؟ (Is this your new colleague?)"

"كيف تتعامل مع زميل صعب المراس؟ (How do you deal with a difficult colleague?)"

"هل تفضل العمل وحدك أم مع زملاء؟ (Do you prefer working alone or with colleagues?)"

"من هو زميلك المفضل في العمل؟ (Who is your favorite colleague at work?)"

"هل تدرس مع زملائك بعد الجامعة؟ (Do you study with your classmates after university?)"

موضوعات نگارش

اكتب عن أول يوم لك في العمل وتعرفك على زملائك. (Write about your first day at work and meeting your colleagues.)

صف زميلاً أثر في حياتك المهنية. (Describe a colleague who influenced your professional life.)

ما هي صفات الزميل المثالي برأيك؟ (What are the qualities of an ideal colleague in your opinion?)

تحدث عن موقف تعاونت فيه مع زملائك لحل مشكلة. (Talk about a situation where you collaborated with your colleagues to solve a problem.)

قارن بين علاقة الزمالة وعلاقة الصداقة. (Compare the relationship of collegiality and the relationship of friendship.)

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

Generally, no. 'Zameel' implies a peer relationship or someone on a similar hierarchical level. Calling your boss 'Zameeli' might be seen as overly familiar or disrespectful in formal Arab corporate cultures. It is better to use 'Mudeeri' (my manager) or 'Ustadhi' (my professor/boss).

The plural for male or mixed groups is 'Zumalaa'' (زملاء). This is a broken plural. Do not use 'Zameeloon'. For an exclusively female group, the plural is 'Zameelaat' (زميلات).

You say 'Zumalaa'i' (زملائي). You take the plural form 'Zumalaa'' and add the possessive suffix 'i' (ي) for 'my'. Notice that the Hamza sits on a 'Yaa' (ئ) because of the phonetic rules.

No, it is equally common in educational settings. A 'Zameel Dirasa' (زميل دراسة) is a classmate. It can be used for anyone you share an institutional environment with.

Yes, a Zameel can become a friend over time. However, the word itself strictly denotes the professional or academic relationship. If they become a close friend, you might start referring to them as 'Sadeeqi' (my friend) outside of work.

You use the feminine form 'Zameelah' (زميلة). To say 'my female colleague', you say 'Zameelati' (زميلتي).

'Zamalah' (زمالة) is the abstract noun derived from Zameel. It means collegiality, fellowship, or companionship. In medical and academic fields, it specifically refers to a 'Fellowship' program or degree.

It depends on the grammatical case! In the nominative case (subject), it is 'زملاؤه' (Zumalaa'uhu). In the accusative case (object), it is 'زملاءه' (Zumalaa'ahu). In the genitive case (after a preposition), it is 'زملائه' (Zumalaa'ihi).

Yes, it is widely used in almost all Arabic dialects. The pronunciation is very close to Modern Standard Arabic, though the plural 'Zumalaa'' often loses the final glottal stop in casual speech, sounding like 'Zumala'.

A 'Zameel' is a coworker or classmate—someone in the same organization. A 'Shareek' is a partner, implying shared ownership of a business, a specific project, or a life partner (spouse).

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