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B2 noun 10 دقیقه مطالعه

forbryder

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها forbryder در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح forbryder in your Level:

At level A1, you only need to know that 'en forbryder' is a person who does something bad, like stealing. Think of it as the 'bad guy' in a simple story. You might hear it in very basic sentences like 'Han er en forbryder' (He is a criminal). At this stage, you don't need to worry about the complex legal definitions. Just remember it is a noun for a person who breaks the rules. You can associate it with 'politiet' (the police) who catch them. It is an 'en' word, so you say 'en forbryder' and 'forbryderen'. It is helpful for understanding simple cartoons or children's games where there is a 'politi og røvere' (cops and robbers) theme. Even if you don't use the word yourself, recognizing it in a simple news headline about a 'tyv' (thief) will help you build your vocabulary.

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At level A2, you should be able to use 'forbryder' in basic descriptions. You can talk about what a criminal does: 'En forbryder stjæler penge' (A criminal steals money). You should also learn the plural form 'forbrydere' and the definite forms 'forbryderen' and 'forbryderne'. You might encounter this word when reading simple news stories or watching crime shows with subtitles. It's important to start distinguishing between the person (forbryder) and the action (forbrydelse). You can use adjectives like 'farlig' (dangerous) or 'slem' (bad) to describe them. For example: 'Politiet leder efter en farlig forbryder'. This level is about building simple sentences and understanding the word in the context of everyday safety and news.

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At the B1 level, you can use 'forbryder' to discuss more complex topics like crime and punishment. You understand that 'forbryder' is a general term and can use it alongside more specific words like 'tyv' (thief) or 'røver' (robber). You can form sentences about the justice system: 'Forbryderen blev sendt i fængsel' (The criminal was sent to prison). You are also starting to see how the word is used in compounds, such as 'it-forbryder' or 'vaneforbryder'. You can express opinions about whether a criminal can change their ways. Your vocabulary is expanding to include related verbs like 'at arrestere' (to arrest) and 'at dømme' (to sentence). You should be comfortable using the word in both written and spoken Danish when discussing social issues or plots of movies.

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At B2, you understand the nuances of 'forbryder' versus more technical terms like 'gerningsmand' or 'lovovertræder'. You recognize that 'forbryder' can carry a social stigma and might be used more in media and fiction than in formal legal or social work contexts. You can discuss the psychology of a criminal: 'Hvad driver en person til at blive forbryder?' (What drives a person to become a criminal?). You are familiar with the use of the word in 'Nordic Noir' literature and can analyze the role of the criminal in these stories. You also know the reflexive verb 'at forbryde sig mod' and can use it to describe violating moral or legal codes. Your grammar is precise, including correct adjective agreement and pluralization in complex sentences.

At the C1 level, you have a deep understanding of the word's connotations. You can use 'forbryder' in academic or professional discussions about criminology, law, and sociology. You understand historical terms like 'forbryderalbum' (mugshot album) and can discuss the evolution of the term. You are sensitive to the register of the word—knowing when it is appropriate to use 'forbryder' versus 'den dømte' or 'den sigtede' in a legal brief. You can use the word metaphorically in high-level political discourse, such as 'krigsforbryder' or 'økonomisk forbryder'. You can also appreciate the word's use in classical Danish literature and how the concept of 'the criminal' has changed over centuries in Danish culture. Your use of the word is natural, nuanced, and context-aware.

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At the C2 level, you possess a native-like command of 'forbryder' and its entire word family. You can engage in philosophical debates about the nature of a 'forbryder'—is it a fixed identity or a temporary state? You can use rare or archaic compounds and understand the most subtle puns involving the word. You are aware of how the word 'forbryder' interacts with Danish 'Jantelov' and social cohesion. You can write sophisticated critiques of crime fiction, discussing the 'forbryder' as an archetype. You understand the legal intricacies of the Danish 'Straffelov' and how 'forbryder' relates to specific legal statutes. Your speech and writing show no hesitation in using the word with perfect grammatical and stylistic accuracy, even in the most formal or highly specialized environments.

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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

forbryder در ۳۰ ثانیه

A 'forbryder' is a person who commits a crime (forbrydelse) in Danish.
It is a common gender noun (en forbryder) with the plural form 'forbrydere'.
Commonly used in news, crime fiction (Nordic Noir), and legal contexts.
Synonyms include 'kriminel' (clinical) and 'gerningsmand' (perpetrator/neutral).

The Danish word forbryder is a common gender noun (en forbryder) that refers to an individual who has committed an act against the law, specifically a crime. While it translates directly to 'criminal' in English, its usage carries a specific weight in Danish society. It is derived from the verb at forbryde sig, which means to transgress or violate a code or law. In a legal sense, it is a person convicted of a forbrydelse (crime).

Legal Context: In the Danish judicial system, a 'forbryder' is someone who has violated the Straffelov (Penal Code). It distinguishes the person from a mere 'lovovertræder' (lawbreaker), who might only have committed a minor administrative infraction like a parking fine.

You will encounter this word frequently in the context of Nordic Noir—the famous Scandinavian crime fiction genre. Whether you are reading a Jo Nesbø novel (translated to Danish) or watching 'Broen' (The Bridge), the search for the forbryder is the central engine of the narrative. In daily conversation, however, Danes might use the word more sparingly than English speakers use 'criminal', often opting for 'gerningsmand' (perpetrator) if the person is currently being sought by police, or 'kriminel' as a general descriptor of lifestyle.

Politiet har endelig fanget den farlige forbryder, der har hærget byen i ugevis.

Social Nuance: Danish culture places a high emphasis on 'resocialisering' (rehabilitation). Therefore, calling someone a 'forbryder' can sometimes feel more stigmatizing than in English. In social work or rehabilitation contexts, terms like 'tidligere straffet' (previously punished/ex-convict) are often preferred to avoid the permanent label of 'forbryder'.

Han ligner slet ikke en typisk forbryder, men skinnet bedrager ofte.

The word is also used metaphorically. If a child steals a cookie from the jar, a parent might jokingly call them a 'lille forbryder' (little criminal), though 'bandit' or 'skurk' is more common for lighthearted teasing. In political discourse, 'krigsforbryder' (war criminal) is a heavy term used in discussions about international law and history, such as during debates about the Geneva Convention.

Mange mener, at den tidligere diktator bør stilles for en domstol som forbryder mod menneskeheden.

Morphology: The plural form is 'forbrydere' (criminals). The definite singular is 'forbryderen' (the criminal) and the definite plural is 'forbryderne' (the criminals). Notice how the 'e' at the end of 'forbryder' changes slightly in the plural forms compared to the singular indefinite.

Der findes ingen perfekte forbrydere; de begår altid en fejl til sidst.

Han følte sig som en forbryder, bare fordi han glemte at betale for sin parkering.

Using forbryder correctly requires an understanding of Danish noun declension and common adjectives that accompany it. Since it is a person-noun, it often acts as the subject or object of sentences involving the police, law, or moral judgment. Let's look at the grammatical structures.

As a Subject: When the criminal is the one performing the action. 'Forbryderen flygtede fra fængslet' (The criminal escaped from prison). Here, 'forbryderen' is in the definite singular form.

When describing a 'forbryder', Danes often use adjectives that indicate the severity of their actions. Common pairings include hærdet (hardened), farlig (dangerous), or professionel (professional). These adjectives must agree with the common gender of the noun.

En forbryder vender ofte tilbage til gerningsstedet.

Compound Nouns: Danish loves compounding. You will see 'forbryder' joined with other words to create specific meanings, such as 'it-forbryder' (cybercriminal), 'narkoforbryder' (drug offender), or 'vaneforbryder' (habitual criminal).

In passive constructions, which are common in news reporting, you might hear: 'Forbryderen blev anholdt i morges' (The criminal was arrested this morning). The use of the word 'forbryder' here implies that the person's guilt is established or at least strongly suspected in a serious context.

Det er svært for en tidligere forbryder at finde et ærligt arbejde.

When using the word in a negative or questioning sense, you might say: 'Er han virkelig en forbryder?' (Is he really a criminal?). This questions the moral or legal status of the person. In fiction, the 'forbryder' is often contrasted with the 'detektiv' (detective) or 'offer' (victim).

Historien handler om en forbryder, der forsøger at starte et nyt liv.

Prepositional Phrases: Common phrases include 'jagt på en forbryder' (hunt for a criminal) and 'straf til en forbryder' (punishment for a criminal). Notice that 'på' is often used for the object of a search or hunt.

Politiet satte gang i en storstilet jagt på de undløbne forbrydere.

Ingen forbryder kan vide sig sikker, når efterforskeren først har fået et spor.

If you live in Denmark or consume Danish media, forbryder is a word that will pop up in very specific environments. Understanding these contexts helps you grasp the 'vibe' of the word.

TV News and Newspapers: Headlines in 'Politiken' or 'Berlingske' often use the word when summarizing a case. For example, 'Efterlyst forbryder set i Aarhus' (Wanted criminal seen in Aarhus). It provides a quick, clear label for the person involved.

In the realm of entertainment, Denmark is world-renowned for its crime dramas. Series like 'Rejseholdet' (Unit One) or 'Forbrydelsen' (The Killing—note the related noun 'the crime') use the word 'forbryder' to build tension. Characters might say, 'Vi har at gøre med en kynisk forbryder' (We are dealing with a cynical criminal).

I nyhederne talte de om en forbryder, der var flygtet gennem et vindue.

True Crime Podcasts: The true crime genre is massive in Denmark. Podcasts like 'Mørkeland' or 'Danske Drabssager' frequently analyze the psychology of a 'forbryder'. They might discuss whether a person was a 'født forbryder' (born criminal)—a somewhat outdated concept—or a victim of circumstances.

In schools or educational settings, the word appears in history or social studies (samfundsfag). Students might learn about 'krigsforbrydere' from World War II or discuss how society should treat a 'forbryder' to prevent recidivism (tilbagefald til kriminalitet).

Læreren spurgte, om en forbryder altid fortjener en ny chance.

Finally, the word is heard in legal dramas and courtrooms. While 'tiltalte' (the defendant) is the official term, a lawyer might refer to the 'forbryder' when making an emotional plea to the jury about the impact of the crime.

Vidnet udpegede den formodede forbryder i retssalen.

Everyday Idioms: You might hear 'at ligne en forbryder' (to look like a criminal) if someone is wearing a balaclava or acting suspiciously. It's often used jokingly among friends.

Tag den hætte af, du ligner jo en hel forbryder!

Museet har en udstilling om berømte forbrydere fra 1800-tallet.

Even advanced learners make mistakes with forbryder. The most frequent errors involve confusing it with related words, incorrect gender, or misuse of plural forms.

Mistake 1: Forbryder vs. Forbrydelse: This is the 'classic' mistake. 'Forbryder' is the PERSON (criminal), while 'forbrydelse' is the ACT (crime). You cannot 'commit a forbryder'. You 'begår en forbrydelse'.

Incorrect: 'Han begik en slem forbryder.'
Correct: 'Han begik en slem forbrydelse.'
Correct: 'Han er en slem forbryder.'

Det er vigtigt ikke at blande forbryderen sammen med selve forbrydelsen.

Mistake 2: Gender Confusion: 'Forbryder' is common gender (en-word). Some learners mistakenly use 'et' because they think of 'et menneske' (a human). Always use 'en forbryder' and 'forbryderen'.

Another issue is the plural. Because it ends in '-er', many English speakers want to add an '-s' (forbryders) or just leave it as is. In Danish, the plural is 'forbrydere'. The definite plural is 'forbryderne'.

Alle forbrydere i filmen blev fanget til sidst.

Mistake 3: Using it for minor offenses: Calling someone a 'forbryder' for a small mistake, like accidentally taking someone else's umbrella, can sound overly dramatic or even accusatory. Use 'lovovertræder' for legal minor things, or 'en klodsmajor' for accidents.

Man er ikke nødvendigvis en forbryder, bare fordi man kører for stærkt én gang.

Finally, watch out for the verb 'at forbryde'. It is a reflexive verb: 'at forbryde sig'. You cannot just 'forbryde' something. You must 'forbryde dig mod noget' (offend against something).

Han valgte at forbryde sig mod de regler, han selv havde lavet.

Der er stor forskel på en lille tyv og en organiseret forbryder.

Danish has several words for someone who breaks the law. Choosing the right one depends on the context, the severity of the crime, and the speaker's intent.

Kriminel vs. Forbryder: 'Kriminel' is more clinical and can be used as both an adjective and a noun. 'Forbryder' is more narrative and focused on the person as an agent of a crime. You might say 'det kriminelle miljø' (the criminal environment) but 'forbryderen bag kuppet' (the criminal behind the heist).

Another common alternative is gerningsmand. This is the neutral, police-style word for 'perpetrator'. If a crime has just happened, the police look for a 'gerningsmand'. Once they are caught and convicted, they are more likely to be called a 'forbryder'.

Politiet leder efter en gerningsmand, ikke bare en tilfældig forbryder.

Lovovertræder: This literally means 'law-overstepper'. It is a very broad term that covers everything from a murderer to someone who didn't pay their TV license. It is the most formal and technical term.

For specific types of criminals, Danish uses specific nouns. A tyv is a thief, a røver is a robber (usually involving force), and a morder is a murderer. 'Forbryder' acts as the umbrella term for all of these.

Han er en simpel tyv, men politiet behandler ham som en storforbryder.

Bandit and Skurk: These are more colorful words. 'Skurk' is used for the villain in a movie. 'Bandit' is often used playfully for someone who is a bit of a troublemaker but not necessarily evil.

Filmens skurk er en genial forbryder med en mørk fortid.

Selv en hærdet forbryder kan ændre sig, hvis han får den rette hjælp.

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

The word is related to the English word 'break' and the German 'Verbrecher'. It literally describes someone who 'breaks' the social contract.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /fʌˈpʁyðʌ/

US /fɔrˈbrudər/

Stress is on the second syllable: for-BRY-der.

هم‌قافیه با

lyder nyder skyder bryder kryder gryder betyder pryder

خطاهای رایج

Pronouncing the 'd' like an English 'd'.
Using an English 'y' (like 'eye') instead of the Danish 'y' (like 'ü').
Putting stress on the first syllable.
Not pronouncing the final '-er' clearly.
Mixing up the 'o' sound in 'for-' with a long 'o'.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 3/5

Common word, easy to recognize in context.

نوشتن 4/5

Requires correct plural and definite endings.

صحبت کردن 5/5

The soft 'd' and 'y' vowel are challenging for English speakers.

گوش دادن 3/5

Clear pronunciation in news and media.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

lov politi stjæle fængsel ond

بعداً یاد بگیرید

forbrydelse gerningsmand lovovertræder arrestere domstol

پیشرفته

kriminologi resocialisering strafferet jurisprudens recidivisme

گرامر لازم

Noun Pluralization (-er nouns)

En forbryder -> To forbrydere

Definite Suffix (-en)

Forbryder -> Forbryderen

Reflexive Verbs

Han forbryder sig mod reglerne.

Compound Nouns

Krigs + forbryder = Krigsforbryder

Adjective Agreement

En farlig forbryder / De farlige forbrydere

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

Han er en slem forbryder.

He is a bad criminal.

Simple subject-verb-complement structure.

Politiet fanger en forbryder.

The police catch a criminal.

Present tense verb 'fanger'.

Hvor er den forbryder?

Where is that criminal?

Definite singular form 'forbryderen' shortened to 'forbryder' in casual speech.

Min bror leger forbryder.

My brother is playing criminal.

Used as a role in a game.

En forbryder løber hurtigt.

A criminal runs fast.

Indefinite singular with adjective.

Er du en forbryder?

Are you a criminal?

Question form.

Se, der er en forbryder!

Look, there is a criminal!

Exclamatory sentence.

Forbryderen har en maske.

The criminal has a mask.

Definite noun 'forbryderen'.

Forbryderen stjal min cykel i går.

The criminal stole my bike yesterday.

Past tense verb 'stjal'.

Der er mange forbrydere i denne film.

There are many criminals in this movie.

Plural form 'forbrydere'.

Politiet leder efter to forbrydere.

The police are looking for two criminals.

Plural indefinite.

En farlig forbryder er flygtet.

A dangerous criminal has escaped.

Adjective 'farlig' modifying 'forbryder'.

Hvem er denne forbryder?

Who is this criminal?

Demonstrative pronoun 'denne'.

De fangede forbryderen om natten.

They caught the criminal during the night.

Definite singular object.

Jeg vil ikke være en forbryder.

I don't want to be a criminal.

Negative sentence with 'ikke'.

Avisen skriver om en ung forbryder.

The newspaper writes about a young criminal.

Prepositional phrase 'om en ung forbryder'.

Forbryderen blev idømt fem års fængsel.

The criminal was sentenced to five years in prison.

Passive voice 'blev idømt'.

Man kan ikke altid se på en person, om han er forbryder.

You can't always tell by looking at a person if he is a criminal.

Conditional 'om' clause.

Det er en sag for en erfaren forbryder.

This is a case for an experienced criminal.

Adjective 'erfaren'.

Forbryderne gemte sig i en gammel lade.

The criminals hid in an old barn.

Definite plural 'forbryderne'.

Hun skrev en bog om en berømt forbryder.

She wrote a book about a famous criminal.

Adjective 'berømt'.

Ingen ved, hvem den virkelige forbryder er.

No one knows who the real criminal is.

Relative clause.

Han hjalp en forbryder med at flygte.

He helped a criminal to escape.

Infinitive phrase with 'at flygte'.

Hvorfor blev han en forbryder?

Why did he become a criminal?

Question with 'hvorfor'.

En hærdet forbryder kender alle politiets metoder.

A hardened criminal knows all the police's methods.

Adjective 'hærdet' (hardened).

Samfundet bør forsøge at resocialisere forbrydere.

Society should try to rehabilitate criminals.

Modal verb 'bør'.

Han har begået mange forbrydelser, men er han en født forbryder?

He has committed many crimes, but is he a born criminal?

Contrast between 'forbrydelse' and 'forbryder'.

Forbryderen udnyttede et hul i lovgivningen.

The criminal exploited a loophole in the legislation.

Noun 'lovgivningen' (legislation).

Der er tale om en kynisk forbryder uden samvittighed.

We are talking about a cynical criminal without a conscience.

Prepositional phrase 'uden samvittighed'.

Politiet har offentliggjort et billede af den formodede forbryder.

The police have released a picture of the suspected criminal.

Adjective 'formodede' (suspected).

Mange ser ham som en helt, men han er stadig en forbryder.

Many see him as a hero, but he is still a criminal.

Conjunction 'men'.

Det kræver mod at vidne mod en farlig forbryder.

It takes courage to testify against a dangerous criminal.

Infinitive phrase 'at vidne'.

Diskussionen om, hvorvidt en forbryder er et produkt af arv eller miljø, fortsætter.

The discussion about whether a criminal is a product of heredity or environment continues.

Subordinate clause with 'hvorvidt'.

Den hvidvaskede direktør blev stemplet som en økonomisk forbryder.

The money-laundering director was labeled a white-collar criminal.

Compound concept 'økonomisk forbryder'.

Forbryderens motiver forbliver en gåde for efterforskerne.

The criminal's motives remain a mystery to the investigators.

Genitive case 'forbryderens'.

Han har formået at leve som en fri mand, selvom han er en efterlyst forbryder.

He has managed to live as a free man, even though he is a wanted criminal.

Concessive clause with 'selvom'.

Retssystemet skal sikre, at en forbryder får en retfærdig rettergang.

The legal system must ensure that a criminal gets a fair trial.

Object clause with 'at'.

Filmen dekonstruerer myten om den 'gentleman-forbryder', vi kender fra litteraturen.

The film deconstructs the myth of the 'gentleman criminal' we know from literature.

Complex noun phrase.

Det er en hårfin grænse mellem at være en oprører og en forbryder.

It is a fine line between being a rebel and a criminal.

Comparison structure.

Forbryderen blev afsløret af en lille, men fatal fejl i sin plan.

The criminal was revealed by a small but fatal flaw in his plan.

Passive voice with 'af'.

I hans optik var statens ledere intet andet end simple forbrydere.

In his view, the state's leaders were nothing more than simple criminals.

Idiomatic expression 'intet andet end'.

Værkets protagonist er en tragisk forbryder, der er fanget i sin egen skæbne.

The work's protagonist is a tragic criminal caught in his own fate.

Literary analysis register.

Der findes en hårfin distinktion mellem den politiske aktivist og den gemene forbryder.

There is a fine distinction between the political activist and the common criminal.

Adjective 'gemene' (common/base).

Forbryderens psykopatologiske træk blev analyseret indgående under retssagen.

The criminal's psychopathological traits were analyzed thoroughly during the trial.

Technical academic language.

Han har altid haft en forkærlighed for at portrættere den ensomme forbryder i sine romaner.

He has always had a penchant for portraying the lonely criminal in his novels.

Gerund-like structure 'forkærlighed for at'.

Begrebet 'forbryder' er under konstant forandring i takt med samfundets moralske udvikling.

The concept of 'criminal' is under constant change in step with society's moral development.

Abstract philosophical statement.

Trods sin status som krigsforbryder lykkedes det ham at leve i skjul i årtier.

Despite his status as a war criminal, he succeeded in living in hiding for decades.

Prepositional phrase 'trods sin status'.

Forbryderen agerede med en kølig beregnethed, der rystede selv de mest erfarne betjente.

The criminal acted with a cool calculation that shook even the most experienced officers.

Noun 'beregnethed' (calculation).

ترکیب‌های رایج

hærdet forbryder

efterlyst forbryder

farlig forbryder

professionel forbryder

krigsforbryder

it-forbryder

vaneforbryder

økonomisk forbryder

jagt på en forbryder

forbryder mod menneskeheden

عبارات رایج

at ligne en forbryder

— To look suspicious or like a criminal.

Med den maske ligner du en forbryder.

en lille forbryder

— Often used jokingly for a child who has done something naughty.

Kom her, din lille forbryder!

at behandle nogen som en forbryder

— To treat someone with suspicion or lack of respect.

Hvorfor behandler du mig som en forbryder?

den perfekte forbryder

— A criminal who never gets caught.

Han troede, han var den perfekte forbryder.

en hærdet forbryder

— Someone who has committed many crimes and is used to it.

Han er en hærdet forbryder.

forbryderens overmand

— The person (often a detective) who is smarter than the criminal.

Sherlock Holmes var altid forbryderens overmand.

en simpel forbryder

— A common criminal without any special skills.

Han er bare en simpel forbryder.

at fange en forbryder

— To arrest or catch a criminal.

Det er politiets job at fange en forbryder.

forbryderens spor

— The clues left by a criminal.

Hunden fulgte forbryderens spor.

en maskeret forbryder

— A criminal wearing a mask.

En maskeret forbryder truede personalet.

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

forbryder vs forbrydelse

Forbrydelse is the crime (the act), forbryder is the criminal (the person).

forbryder vs gerningsmand

Gerningsmand is a neutral term for a perpetrator, while forbryder is more emotive.

forbryder vs lovovertræder

Lovovertræder is more formal and covers all legal violations, not just crimes.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"at forbryde sig mod loven"

— To break the law (formal).

Han har forbrudt sig mod loven mange gange.

formal

"tyv tror hver mand stjæler"

— A criminal (thief) thinks everyone else is also a criminal.

Han stoler ikke på os; tyv tror hver mand stjæler.

idiomatic

"forbrydelse betaler sig ikke"

— Crime doesn't pay.

Husk nu, at forbrydelse betaler sig ikke.

moralistic

"at have rent mel i posen"

— To be honest (the opposite of being a criminal).

Han er ikke en forbryder; han har rent mel i posen.

informal

"at være på kant med loven"

— To be close to being a criminal/breaking the law.

Han har altid været lidt på kant med loven.

neutral

"at kaste den første sten"

— To judge someone else's crimes when you aren't perfect yourself.

Hvem er vi til at dømme ham som forbryder? Lad den, der er ren, kaste den første sten.

biblical/literary

"at sidde bag tremmer"

— To be in prison (what happens to a forbryder).

Forbryderen sidder nu bag tremmer.

informal

"at tage benene på nakken"

— To run away quickly (like a criminal from the police).

Da politiet kom, tog forbryderen benene på nakken.

informal

"at have en plettet straffeattest"

— To have a criminal record.

Som tidligere forbryder har han en plettet straffeattest.

neutral

"at gå den kriminelle løbebane"

— To choose a life of crime.

Han valgte den kriminelle løbebane som ung forbryder.

formal

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

forbryder vs forbrydelse

They share the same root.

One is the act, the other is the person.

Han begik en forbrydelse, så nu er han en forbryder.

forbryder vs tyv

Both are people who break the law.

Tyv is specific to stealing; forbryder is general.

En tyv er en type forbryder.

forbryder vs fange

Both are associated with prison.

Fange is a prisoner; forbryder is the status of having committed a crime.

Forbryderen er nu en fange i fængslet.

forbryder vs skurk

Both mean 'bad guy'.

Skurk is more for fiction; forbryder is for real life.

Batman fanger skurken, men politiet fanger forbryderen.

forbryder vs bandit

Both mean criminal.

Bandit is often less serious or more old-fashioned.

Den lille bandit stjal et æble.

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

Han er en [adjective] forbryder.

Han er en slem forbryder.

Politiet fangede [definite noun].

Politiet fangede forbryderen.

Forbryderen [past tense verb] fra [place].

Forbryderen flygtede fra fængslet.

Det er svært at være en tidligere [noun].

Det er svært at være en tidligere forbryder.

Han blev anklaget for at være en [compound noun].

Han blev anklaget for at være en krigsforbryder.

Begrebet [noun] er [adjective].

Begrebet forbryder er komplekst.

Ingen ved hvem [definite noun] er.

Ingen ved hvem forbryderen er.

Han har [verb] sig mod [noun].

Han har forbrudt sig mod loven.

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

forbrydelse

forbryderalbum

forbryderspire

storforbryder

vaneforbryder

فعل‌ها

forbryde sig

bryde

صفت‌ها

forbryderisk

kriminel

مرتبط

fængsel

straf

lov

politi

domstol

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نحوه استفاده

frequency

High, especially in media and fiction.

اشتباهات رایج

Han begik en forbryder. → Han begik en forbrydelse.
You commit a crime (forbrydelse), you don't commit a criminal (forbryder).
To forbryders. → To forbrydere.
Danish plurals don't use 's'. Nouns in -er take -e.
Et forbryder. → En forbryder.
Forbryder is common gender (en-word).
Han er forbryderisk. → Han er en forbryder.
Use the noun 'forbryder' to say 'he is a criminal'. 'Forbryderisk' is an adjective meaning 'criminal-like'.
Forbryderen af banken. → Bankrøveren.
While 'forbryder' is correct, Danes prefer specific terms like 'bankrøver' for specific crimes.

نکات

Plural endings

Remember that nouns ending in -er like 'forbryder' usually take -e in the plural: forbrydere.

Related nouns

Learn 'forbrydelse' (crime) and 'forbryderisk' (criminal/adj) at the same time to build a word family.

The soft D

The 'd' in 'forbryder' is soft. Don't pronounce it like a hard 'd' in 'dog'.

Legal vs. Casual

Use 'gerningsmand' for someone the police are looking for, and 'forbryder' for someone already known for crimes.

Compound words

You can combine 'forbryder' with many words, like 'skatteforbryder' (tax criminal).

Nordic Noir

Watch Danish crime shows like 'Broen' to hear 'forbryder' used in natural contexts.

Sensitivity

Avoid calling people 'forbrydere' unless you are certain of their legal status, as it's a strong label.

Break the law

Associate 'bryder' with 'break'. A forbryder is a law-breaker.

Narrative use

Use 'forbryder' when writing stories to give a more dramatic feel than 'gerningsmand'.

News headlines

Look for the word in 'Ekstra Bladet' or 'BT' headlines for real-world examples.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of a 'forbryder' as someone who 'breaks' (bryder) the law 'for' a bad reason.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a person trying to 'break' (bryde) through a wall with a bag of money.

شبکه واژگان

politi fængsel tyv røver lov straf domstol gerningsmand

چالش

Try to use 'forbryder', 'forbrydelse', and 'forbryderisk' in three separate sentences today.

ریشه کلمه

From Middle Danish 'forbrydher', borrowed from Middle Low German 'vorbreker'. It is a combination of the prefix 'for-' (meaning away or badly) and 'bryder' (breaker).

معنای اصلی: Someone who breaks or violates something, specifically laws or religious commandments.

Germanic (Danish/German roots).

بافت فرهنگی

Be careful using 'forbryder' about someone who has not been convicted, as it can be defamatory. Use 'formodet gerningsmand' (suspected perpetrator) instead.

In English, 'criminal' can be an adjective, but in Danish 'forbryder' is strictly a noun. Use 'forbryderisk' or 'kriminel' for the adjective.

Olsen-banden (Egon Olsen is a famous 'forbryder') Forbrydelsen (The Killing TV series) Forbrydelse og Straf (Dostoevsky's Crime and Punishment in Danish)

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

Police/Crime News

Politiet efterlyser...
Gerningsmanden beskrives som...
Forbryderen er på fri fod
Anholdt for...

Fiction/Movies

Hvem er skurken?
En genial plan
Forbryderen gemmer sig
Jagten på...

Legal/Court

Den tiltalte
Vidneudsagn
Idømt fængsel
Bevisbyrde

Social Discussion

Forebyggelse af kriminalitet
Hjælp til tidligere straffede
Samfundets sikkerhed
Retfærdighed

History

Historiske forbrydere
Gamle fængsler
Lov og orden i gamle dage
Krigsforbrydelser

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"Har du nogensinde set en rigtig forbryder blive fanget af politiet?"

"Hvad synes du er den bedste danske krimiserie om forbrydere?"

"Tror du, at en forbryder altid kan ændre sig og blive et godt menneske?"

"Er der stor forskel på en 'forbryder' og en 'lovovertræder' i dit hjemland?"

"Hvilken berømt forbryder fra historien synes du er den mest interessante?"

موضوعات نگارش

Skriv en kort historie om en forbryder, der fortryder sine handlinger.

Beskriv hvordan medierne i Danmark skriver om forbrydere sammenlignet med dit eget land.

Hvis du var detektiv, hvordan ville du så fange en klog forbryder?

Reflektér over om samfundet er for hårdt eller for mildt mod forbrydere.

Skriv om en gang du følte dig som en lille forbryder (måske som barn).

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

Der er ikke den store forskel, men 'kriminel' bruges oftere som tillægsord (adjektiv), mens 'forbryder' altid er et navneord (substantiv). 'Kriminel' lyder også lidt mere klinisk eller sociologisk.

Ja, det kan man godt. Der findes ikke et specifikt ord for en kvindelig forbryder i moderne dansk, så man bruger bare 'forbryder' om begge køn.

Det hedder 'en forbryder'. Det er et fælleskønsord (n-ord).

Det udtales som en spids vokal. Form læberne som om du vil sige 'u', men sig 'i'. Det er en lyd, der ikke findes på engelsk.

Det kan det være, hvis man bruger det om en person, der ikke har gjort noget ulovligt. Men normalt er det bare en beskrivelse af en person, der har brudt loven.

Det betyder at overtræde en regel, en lov eller et moralsk princip. Det er en formel måde at sige, at man har gjort noget forkert.

Det hedder 'forbrydere'. I bestemt form pluralis hedder det 'forbryderne'.

Det er en person, der begår kriminalitet på internettet, for eksempel ved at hacke eller stjæle penge online.

Sjældent. I retten bruger man ord som 'den tiltalte' (før dommen) eller 'den dømte' (efter dommen).

Ja, det er meget almindeligt, især i medier, film og bøger. I daglig tale bruger man det måske lidt mindre end før i tiden.

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