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A2 noun #1,000 پرکاربردترین 16 دقیقه مطالعه

à travers

رتبه 1,000

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها à travers در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح à travers in your Level:

At the A1 beginner level, the most important thing to understand about the French phrase à travers is that it means through or across in English. When you are first learning French, you will use this phrase to talk about very simple physical movements. Imagine you are walking from one side of a park to the other side. You are walking through the park. In French, you say Je marche à travers le parc. It is a way to describe how you are moving in a space. Another very common example at this level is looking through a window. If you are inside your house and you look outside to see the garden, you are looking through the glass. In French, you say Je regarde à travers la fenêtre. It is important to remember that this phrase is made of two words: à and travers. You must always use them together. Also, you put the phrase right before the thing you are going through. You do not need to add any extra small words like de between à travers and the noun. Just say à travers followed by the word, like à travers la ville (through the city) or à travers la forêt (through the forest). Practice using this phrase when you want to describe moving from one side of something to the other side. It is a very useful phrase for giving directions or explaining where you are going. For example, if someone asks how to get to the station, you might say Allez à travers la place (Go across the square). By memorizing these simple physical examples, you will build a strong foundation for using this essential French expression correctly in your everyday conversations.

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At the A2 elementary level, your understanding of à travers expands beyond just simple physical movement. While you still use it to say through or across for physical spaces, you now start to see it used in slightly broader contexts. You already know Je marche à travers le parc (I walk through the park). Now, you can use it to talk about traveling across larger areas. For example, if you travel across a whole country, you say Je voyage à travers le pays. This shows that the movement covers a wide area, not just a small space. You also need to start distinguishing à travers from other small words like dans (in). If you are simply inside a forest, you are dans la forêt. But if you are moving from one side of the forest to the other, you are walking à travers la forêt. This distinction is crucial for clear communication. Another important point at the A2 level is to ensure you never put the word de after à travers. This is a very common mistake for learners. Always say à travers le, à travers la, or à travers les. Never say à travers du or à travers de la. For example, the wind blows through the trees is Le vent souffle à travers les arbres. You should also start noticing how this phrase is used with light and vision. The sun shines through the window is Le soleil brille à travers la fenêtre. You can see the stars through the clouds is On peut voir les étoiles à travers les nuages. By practicing these slightly more complex sentences and strictly avoiding the extra de, your French will sound much more natural and accurate. You are now using the phrase to describe both movement and perception in physical spaces.

At the B1 intermediate level, the use of à travers becomes significantly more sophisticated as you begin to explore its figurative and abstract applications. You are no longer limited to physical spaces like parks and windows. Now, you use the phrase to talk about time, history, and global concepts. One of the most common expressions you will learn at this level is à travers le monde, which means throughout the world or across the world. For example, Cette chanson est célèbre à travers le monde (This song is famous across the world). You also use it to describe the passage of time. To say through the centuries, you use à travers les siècles. For instance, Les traditions ont survécu à travers les siècles (The traditions have survived through the centuries). This shows that time is treated like a space that things travel through. Furthermore, you start using à travers to describe the medium or the means by which you perceive or understand something. If you learn about a culture through its food, you can say Je découvre la culture à travers sa cuisine. The food is the medium through which the understanding happens. At this level, you must also clearly understand the difference between à travers and par. While both can mean through, par is often used for the route or the method (e.g., entrer par la porte - to enter through the door), whereas à travers emphasizes the physical or figurative penetration of a space or medium. You would not say entrer à travers la porte unless you literally broke a hole in the wood. Mastering these figurative uses and distinguishing the phrase from par will greatly enhance your ability to express complex thoughts and participate in more profound conversations in French.

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At the B2 upper-intermediate level, your mastery of à travers requires a deep understanding of nuance, particularly in how it contrasts with similar expressions and how it functions in complex literary or emotional contexts. A critical distinction you must master at this stage is the difference between à travers and au travers de. While both translate to through, au travers de carries a strong connotation of overcoming an obstacle, facing resistance, or making a significant effort. For example, you might say voir au travers de ses mensonges (to see through his lies), implying the difficulty of penetrating the deception. In contrast, à travers is more neutral and describes a smoother passage. You must also be comfortable using à travers in highly abstract and emotional contexts. It is frequently used to express empathy or understanding someone else's perspective. For instance, Voir le monde à travers les yeux d'un enfant (To see the world through the eyes of a child). Here, the phrase acts as a powerful metaphor for shifting one's worldview. Additionally, you will encounter this phrase frequently in French media and literature to describe pervasive phenomena. Des manifestations ont éclaté à travers tout le pays (Protests broke out across the entire country) emphasizes the widespread nature of the event. At the B2 level, you should also be aware of idiomatic structures and ensure you are not directly translating English idioms. For example, the English phrase to go through a hard time should not be translated using à travers; instead, you use the verb traverser (traverser une période difficile). Your goal at this level is to use à travers not just correctly, but elegantly, choosing it deliberately over alternatives like par le biais de or au moyen de when you want to emphasize the concept of spanning a space, a time period, or an emotional medium.

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At the C1 advanced level, your use of à travers should be instinctive, precise, and stylistically refined. You are expected to navigate the subtle nuances of this prepositional phrase with the competence of a highly educated native speaker. At this stage, you fully appreciate the literary and poetic weight that à travers can bring to a sentence. It is not merely a functional word for giving directions; it is a tool for crafting evocative imagery. You understand how authors use it to create a sense of continuity or permeation. For example, in analyzing a novel, you might write, Le thème de la solitude résonne à travers toute l'œuvre de l'auteur (The theme of loneliness resonates throughout the author's entire body of work). Here, the phrase conveys a deep, structural permeation of an abstract concept. You are also acutely aware of the syntactic flexibility of the phrase. You know how to use it at the beginning of a sentence for dramatic or atmospheric effect: À travers le brouillard dense de l'aube, la silhouette de la cathédrale est apparue (Through the dense fog of dawn, the silhouette of the cathedral appeared). This fronting technique demonstrates advanced syntactic control. Furthermore, you can effortlessly distinguish between à travers, au travers de, par le truchement de, and par l'intermédiaire de, selecting the exact phrase that perfectly matches the required register and subtle shade of meaning. You understand that while à travers is versatile, using par le truchement de might be more appropriate in a highly formal legal or diplomatic context when referring to an intermediary. Your mastery at the C1 level means you never make the elementary mistake of adding de after à travers, and you naturally avoid awkward literal translations from English, instead relying on authentic French phrasing and idiomatic structures to express complex spatial, temporal, and abstract relationships.

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At the C2 mastery level, your command of à travers is absolute, reflecting a profound, almost intuitive grasp of French syntax, semantics, and stylistic tradition. You do not merely use the phrase correctly; you manipulate it to achieve specific rhetorical effects, demonstrating a deep appreciation for the historical evolution and literary resonance of the language. You recognize the etymological roots of the word travers (from Latin transversus) and how this concept of crossing or lying across informs its modern usage. At this pinnacle of proficiency, you are capable of engaging in high-level linguistic debates regarding the subtle semantic boundaries between à travers and its synonyms. You can articulate why a specific author chose à travers rather than au travers de in a classic text, perhaps arguing that the former implies a fatalistic, unavoidable passage of time, while the latter would have implied a struggle against it. You use the phrase effortlessly in the most complex, multi-clause sentences without losing grammatical coherence. For example: C'est précisément à travers cette analyse minutieuse des archives, longtemps ignorées par la critique, que l'historien parvient à déconstruire le mythe national. (It is precisely through this meticulous analysis of the archives, long ignored by critics, that the historian manages to deconstruct the national myth). Your usage spans all registers, from the colloquial to the highly academic, and you instinctively adjust your choice of prepositions based on the precise rhythm and cadence required by the sentence. You are also fully aware of the phrase's limitations, knowing exactly when a different construction, such as a gerund (en traversant) or a specific verb, is stylistically superior. At the C2 level, à travers is a fully integrated instrument in your linguistic repertoire, utilized with flawless precision and elegant sophistication to articulate the most nuanced and complex thoughts imaginable.

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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

à travers در ۳۰ ثانیه

Means 'through' or 'across'.
Used for physical movement.
Used for passing time.
Never followed by 'de'.

The French expression à travers is a highly versatile and frequently utilized prepositional phrase that translates most directly to the English words through and across. Understanding how to properly deploy this phrase is absolutely essential for anyone looking to achieve fluency in the French language, as it appears in a vast multitude of contexts ranging from everyday casual conversations to highly elevated literary texts. When we examine the core spatial meaning of this expression, it primarily describes the physical action or state of moving from one side of a three-dimensional space or an obstacle to the other side. For instance, if you are walking through a dense forest, looking through a transparent glass window, or traveling across a massive country, you will almost certainly use this specific phrase to convey that trajectory.

Je regarde le jardin à travers la fenêtre de ma chambre.

In this first example, the window acts as the medium through which the visual perception travels. The phrase perfectly captures the penetration of the gaze through the physical barrier of the glass.

Physical Penetration: This refers to the literal movement of an object, a person, or even light and sound, passing directly through a tangible substance or environment, such as a wall, a forest, or a crowd of people.

Beyond purely physical movement, the expression is incredibly common when discussing travel and geographical expansion. When a person embarks on a journey that spans the entirety of a region, a nation, or even the entire globe, this phrase is the standard way to express that widespread movement.

Ils ont voyagé à travers toute l'Europe pendant leurs vacances d'été.

Here, the meaning shifts slightly from penetrating an obstacle to traversing a broad expanse of territory. Furthermore, the usage extends deeply into the figurative and abstract realms. It is frequently employed to describe the passage of time, the endurance of traditions, or the transmission of ideas across different eras and generations.

Cette légende a survécu à travers les siècles sans perdre de sa magie.

In this context, the centuries themselves are conceptualized as a vast landscape or a medium through which the story has successfully navigated.

Temporal Passage: This describes the survival, continuation, or evolution of something over a long period of time, treating time itself as a space that must be crossed or navigated.

Another highly prevalent figurative use involves perception and perspective. When you understand a situation by looking at it from the viewpoint of another person, or when an emotion is revealed by means of a specific action or expression, this phrase serves as the linguistic bridge.

Nous découvrons la vérité à travers ses témoignages poignants.

The testimonies are the medium through which the truth becomes visible to the audience. Finally, it is crucial to recognize the emotional resonance that this phrase can carry in literature and poetry. It often implies a sense of struggle, perseverance, or profound connection when overcoming obstacles.

Il a ressenti une grande douleur à travers les mots de la lettre.

Emotional Medium: This indicates that an object, such as a letter, a painting, or a piece of music, acts as the conduit for transmitting deep feelings or complex emotional states from the creator to the receiver.

In summary, mastering this expression unlocks a powerful tool for describing movement, time, perception, and emotional connection in the French language.

The syntactic application of the phrase à travers in French sentence structure is relatively straightforward, yet it demands careful attention to specific grammatical rules to ensure complete accuracy and natural phrasing. The most fundamental rule to remember is that this phrase functions as a compound preposition, and it is almost universally followed directly by a noun phrase without the intervention of the preposition de. This is a critical distinction because many learners confuse it with a similar phrase, au travers de, which does require the preposition de. When constructing a sentence with à travers, you simply place the phrase immediately before the definite article, indefinite article, or possessive adjective that introduces the noun. For example, you would say Je marche à travers la forêt, where the phrase is followed directly by the definite article la and the noun forêt. You do not say Je marche à travers de la forêt. This direct linkage makes the phrase flow smoothly and rapidly in spoken French. Let us examine the interaction with different types of articles. When used with definite articles like le, la, les, or l', there is no contraction or modification required. You simply place the words side by side. For instance, Le vent souffle à travers les arbres demonstrates the phrase followed directly by the plural definite article les. Similarly, La lumière passe à travers le vitrail shows it followed by the singular masculine article le. When dealing with indefinite articles such as un, une, or des, the rule remains exactly the same. You might encounter a sentence like Il a trouvé son chemin à travers une tempête de neige, where the phrase seamlessly precedes the feminine indefinite article une. Possessive adjectives also follow this straightforward pattern. Consider the sentence Je vois la tristesse à travers ses yeux, where the phrase directly precedes the plural possessive adjective ses. Demonstrative adjectives like ce, cette, cet, and ces are treated identically, as seen in Nous avons couru à travers ce champ. It is also important to note the position of the phrase within the broader architecture of the sentence. As an adverbial phrase of place, time, or manner, it typically appears after the main verb and its direct object, if one exists. For example, in the sentence Le messager a porté la nouvelle à travers le royaume, the phrase à travers le royaume comes after the verb a porté and the direct object la nouvelle. However, for stylistic reasons or to place emphasis on the location or medium, the phrase can be moved to the very beginning of the sentence. When this inversion occurs, it is usually separated from the rest of the sentence by a comma. For example, À travers le brouillard épais, nous pouvions à peine distinguer la forme du château. This fronting technique is highly effective in narrative writing to establish the setting or atmosphere before introducing the main action. Another crucial syntactic consideration is the use of pronouns. When you need to use a pronoun after this phrase, you must use a disjunctive pronoun, also known as a stressed pronoun, such as moi, toi, lui, elle, nous, vous, eux, or elles. For instance, if you want to say The bullet passed through him, you would say La balle est passée à travers lui. You cannot use standard object pronouns like le or la in this position. Furthermore, while the phrase is most commonly followed by a noun, it can occasionally be used in conjunction with certain adverbs or in idiomatic structures, though these are less frequent. For example, the expression à travers tout implies through everything or despite everything, acting almost as an invariable adverbial block. Understanding these structural rules—specifically the direct attachment to the noun phrase without de, the flexibility of sentence placement, and the requirement for disjunctive pronouns—will empower you to construct complex, accurate, and highly expressive sentences in French.

The phrase à travers is deeply embedded in the daily linguistic landscape of the French-speaking world, and you will encounter it in a remarkably wide array of contexts, ranging from the most mundane everyday interactions to highly formal academic and journalistic discourse. In casual, everyday conversation, native speakers frequently use this expression to describe simple physical movements and spatial relationships. If you are asking for directions in Paris, a local might tell you to walk through a specific park to save time, saying Vous pouvez couper à travers le parc. If you are discussing the weather, someone might observe that the sun is finally breaking through the clouds, stating Le soleil perce à travers les nuages. These everyday spatial uses are ubiquitous and form the foundation of the phrase's utility. Moving into the realm of news media and journalism, the phrase takes on a broader, more geographical or societal scope. News anchors and journalists constantly use the expression à travers le monde or à travers le pays to report on events that have a widespread impact. For example, a news report about a global phenomenon might begin with Une nouvelle tendance se propage à travers le monde. Similarly, when discussing national issues, a politician might talk about initiatives being implemented across the country, using the phrase Des réformes sont appliquées à travers tout le territoire. In these contexts, the phrase conveys a sense of scale, totality, and comprehensive coverage. In the professional and corporate world, you will also hear this phrase used figuratively to discuss organizational structures or project implementation. A manager might explain that a new policy will be enforced across all departments by saying Cette politique sera appliquée à travers tous les départements. It is also used to describe the medium through which business is conducted, such as finding a solution through collaborative efforts, expressed as Nous trouverons une solution à travers notre collaboration. Literature, poetry, and the arts provide some of the most beautiful and evocative environments for this expression. Authors rely heavily on à travers to create vivid imagery and convey deep emotional resonance. A novelist might describe a character's journey through a difficult period of life, or a poet might write about seeing the soul of a person through their eyes. The phrase is instrumental in establishing metaphors, such as navigating through the turbulent waters of history or seeing the world through the lens of a specific philosophy. In historical documentaries or academic lectures, the temporal use of the phrase is extremely common. Historians frequently discuss how traditions, artifacts, or ideas have survived through the centuries, using expressions like L'art gothique a évolué à travers les âges. This usage highlights the continuity and endurance of human culture over vast stretches of time. Finally, in the digital age, the phrase has adapted to describe the navigation of virtual spaces. While par is often used for the means of communication, à travers can be used to describe the experience of moving through digital environments, such as exploring a virtual world or sifting through massive amounts of data. For instance, a tech review might mention navigating through complex menus, saying Naviguer à travers des menus complexes. By paying attention to French television, reading French newspapers, listening to French podcasts, and engaging in conversations with native speakers, you will quickly realize that this phrase is an indispensable and inescapable part of the language, serving as a vital connective tissue that links physical spaces, geographical regions, historical eras, and abstract concepts.

Despite its straightforward translation to English, the phrase à travers presents several persistent challenges for learners of the French language, leading to a variety of common and predictable mistakes. By far the most frequent error committed by non-native speakers, particularly those whose first language is English or Spanish, is the incorrect insertion of the preposition de immediately following the phrase. Because learners often conflate à travers with the similar-sounding but grammatically distinct phrase au travers de, they mistakenly produce sentences like Je marche à travers du parc or Il regarde à travers de la fenêtre. This is grammatically incorrect in standard French. The phrase à travers must be followed directly by the noun phrase, without any intervening preposition. The correct formulations are Je marche à travers le parc and Il regarde à travers la fenêtre. This error is so pervasive that it requires conscious, repetitive practice to eliminate from one's spoken and written French. Another significant area of confusion arises from the subtle semantic differences between à travers and the preposition par. Both can sometimes be translated into English as through, but they are not always interchangeable in French. The preposition par generally indicates the means, the method, or the route taken, often without the strong implication of penetrating a three-dimensional obstacle. For example, if you enter a house through the door, you say Je rentre par la porte. Using à travers la porte in this context would sound strange, as it would imply you physically broke through the solid wood of the door like a ghost or a projectile, rather than simply using the doorway as a route. Conversely, if you are looking through a window, you use à travers la fenêtre because your gaze is penetrating the transparent barrier of the glass. Using par la fenêtre to mean looking through it is less precise, though par la fenêtre is correctly used when throwing something out of the window (jeter par la fenêtre). Understanding this distinction between route/means (par) and physical penetration/spanning (à travers) is crucial for achieving natural-sounding French. A third common mistake involves the translation of the English word across. While à travers is often the correct translation, especially when referring to a broad expanse like a country (à travers le pays), it is not always the right choice for crossing a specific, linear boundary like a street or a river. When you walk across the street, the most natural French expression uses the verb traverser, as in Je traverse la rue. Saying Je marche à travers la rue is awkward and implies wandering aimlessly throughout the surface area of the street rather than crossing from one side to the other. Similarly, swimming across a river is nager pour traverser la rivière. Learners must remember that French often prefers to use the dedicated verb traverser rather than a prepositional phrase to express the specific action of crossing a boundary. Furthermore, learners sometimes struggle with the figurative uses of the phrase, particularly when translating English idioms directly. For instance, the English phrase to go through a difficult time is better translated using the verb traverser (traverser une période difficile) or vivre (vivre une épreuve) rather than using the prepositional phrase à travers. Directly translating idiomatic expressions word-for-word is a common pitfall that can lead to confusing or nonsensical sentences. Finally, a minor but notable mistake is the incorrect spelling of the word travers. Learners sometimes omit the final s, writing à traver, or mistakenly add a t, writing à travert, perhaps confusing it with words like couvert or ouvert. Remembering that the word ends in a silent s is essential for correct written French. By actively monitoring these specific areas—avoiding the extra de, distinguishing from par, utilizing the verb traverser for crossing boundaries, avoiding direct idiomatic translations, and ensuring correct spelling—learners can significantly improve their accuracy and confidence when using this essential French phrase.

The French language possesses a rich vocabulary for expressing concepts of movement, passage, and means, providing several alternatives and nuanced synonyms for the phrase à travers. Understanding these similar words and knowing exactly when to use them instead of à travers is a hallmark of advanced language proficiency. The most closely related expression, and the one that causes the most confusion, is au travers de.

Au travers de: This phrase also translates to through, but it carries a much stronger connotation of overcoming a significant physical or abstract obstacle. While à travers can describe a smooth or effortless passage, au travers de implies effort, difficulty, or resistance.

For example, you might say voir au travers de ses mensonges (to see through his lies), emphasizing the effort required to penetrate the deception. Crucially, au travers de always requires the preposition de, which must contract with definite articles (au travers du, au travers des). Another extremely common alternative is the preposition par.

Par: This word translates to through, by, or via. It is primarily used to indicate the route taken, the means of transportation, or the method used to achieve something, rather than physical penetration of a space.

For instance, voyager par le train (to travel by train) or entrer par la fenêtre (to enter through the window, meaning using the window as an entryway). When expressing the concept of through the means of or by way of in a more formal or abstract context, the phrase par le biais de is highly useful.

Par le biais de: This expression translates to by means of, through the intermediary of, or via. It is frequently used in professional, academic, or journalistic contexts to describe indirect action or communication.

For example, Il a obtenu ce travail par le biais d'un ami (He got this job through a friend). This phrase highlights the intermediary role played by the friend, a nuance that à travers does not convey as precisely. A slightly more formal alternative to par le biais de is au moyen de.

Au moyen de: This translates directly to by means of or using. It is strictly used to indicate the tool, instrument, or method employed to accomplish a specific task.

For example, ouvrir la porte au moyen d'une clé (to open the door by means of a key). This is much more specific than à travers, focusing entirely on the utility of the object. Finally, when translating the English word across in the sense of crossing a boundary from one side to the other, the most appropriate alternative is often not a preposition at all, but rather the verb traverser.

Traverser: This verb means to cross or to traverse. It is the standard way to express moving from one side of a street, river, or bridge to the other.

Saying Je traverse la rue (I cross the street) is the correct and natural formulation, whereas using à travers in this context would be incorrect. By mastering these alternatives—au travers de for obstacles, par for routes and means, par le biais de for intermediaries, au moyen de for tools, and the verb traverser for crossing boundaries—you will significantly enhance the precision, variety, and natural flow of your French expression, ensuring that you always choose the exact right word for the specific context.

چقدر رسمی است؟

رسمی

"Le projet de loi a été examiné à travers le prisme de la constitutionnalité."

خنثی

"Nous avons marché à travers la forêt."

غیر رسمی

"On a coupé à travers le parc pour aller plus vite."

Child friendly

"Le petit chat a couru à travers le jardin."

عامیانه

"Il raconte n'importe quoi à tort et à travers."

نکته جالب

The English word 'traverse' comes from the exact same Old French root. When you 'traverse' a mountain in English, you are doing exactly what the French verb 'traverser' and the phrase 'à travers' describe: moving across it.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /a tʁa.vɛʁ/

US /a tʁa.vɛʁ/

The stress falls on the final syllable: a tra-VER.

هم‌قافیه با

hiver ouvert découvert envers univers verre fer mer

خطاهای رایج

Pronouncing the final 's' (saying 'tra-verss'). The 's' is always silent.
Mispronouncing the French 'r'. It should be guttural, not rolled like in Spanish or hard like in English.
Making the 'a' sound like the English 'ay' (saying 'ay tra-ver'). It must be a pure, open 'ah' sound.
Pronouncing the 'vɛʁ' like the English word 'bear' with a strong 'r'. The French 'r' is softer.
Adding a liaison sound after 'travers' when followed by a vowel. 'À travers' generally does not link its silent 's' to the next word.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 2/5

Very easy to recognize in text. The meaning is usually clear from the context of movement or vision.

نوشتن 4/5

Learners frequently make the mistake of adding 'de' after it. Remembering not to use 'de' requires practice.

صحبت کردن 3/5

Pronunciation is relatively simple, but remembering to use it instead of 'par' in real-time conversation takes effort.

گوش دادن 2/5

Easy to hear because it is a distinct, multi-syllable phrase that stands out in a sentence.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

à le la les marcher

بعداً یاد بگیرید

traverser par au travers de autour de le long de

پیشرفته

par le biais de au moyen de transversalement truchement intermédiaire

گرامر لازم

Prepositions of Place: 'à travers' is used for movement through a 3D space, unlike 'sur' (on) or 'sous' (under).

Le chat marche sur le mur vs. L'oiseau vole à travers la pièce.

Omission of 'de': Unlike compound prepositions ending in 'de' (près de, loin de), 'à travers' is followed directly by the noun.

Près de la maison vs. À travers la maison.

Disjunctive Pronouns: When a pronoun follows a preposition like 'à travers', it must be a stressed pronoun (moi, toi, lui, etc.).

Il a vu à travers moi. (Not 'à travers me').

Contrast with 'Traverser': 'À travers' is a prepositional phrase, while 'traverser' is a verb. They often translate the same English concept.

Je marche à travers la rue (awkward) vs. Je traverse la rue (correct).

Invariable Nature: Prepositional phrases do not change form to agree with gender or number.

À travers le mur (masc. sing.) vs. À travers les fenêtres (fem. plural).

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

Je marche à travers le parc.

I walk through the park.

Used directly before the definite article 'le'.

Le chien court à travers le jardin.

The dog runs across the garden.

Shows physical movement across a space.

Je regarde à travers la fenêtre.

I look through the window.

Used for looking through a transparent barrier.

Le ballon vole à travers la chambre.

The ball flies across the bedroom.

Describes the trajectory of an object.

Nous allons à travers la ville.

We go through the city.

Indicates movement from one side of a location to another.

Il voit à travers les lunettes.

He sees through the glasses.

Used with plural nouns like 'les lunettes'.

La lumière passe à travers le verre.

The light passes through the glass.

Describes the passage of light.

Elle marche à travers la porte ouverte.

She walks through the open door.

Used for passing through an opening.

Nous avons voyagé à travers toute la France.

We traveled across all of France.

Used to describe traveling across a large geographical area.

Le vent souffle fort à travers les arbres.

The wind blows hard through the trees.

Describes an element of nature moving through objects.

J'ai trouvé ce chemin à travers la forêt.

I found this path through the forest.

Indicates a route that penetrates a specific environment.

Le soleil brille à travers les nuages gris.

The sun shines through the gray clouds.

Used for light breaking through a visual obstacle.

Il a jeté la balle à travers le terrain.

He threw the ball across the field.

Shows the movement of an object across a wide surface.

Les enfants courent à travers les champs.

The children run through the fields.

Used with plural nouns indicating open spaces.

Je peux entendre la musique à travers le mur.

I can hear the music through the wall.

Describes the passage of sound through a solid barrier.

L'oiseau a volé à travers la pièce.

The bird flew across the room.

Indicates movement through an enclosed indoor space.

Cette tradition est connue à travers le monde entier.

This tradition is known throughout the entire world.

A very common fixed expression meaning 'worldwide' or 'throughout the world'.

Le message a été transmis à travers les générations.

The message was transmitted through the generations.

Used figuratively to describe the passage of time and heritage.

J'ai compris ses sentiments à travers son regard.

I understood his feelings through his look.

Used abstractly to indicate the medium of perception or understanding.

L'eau s'infiltre à travers le plafond de la salle de bain.

The water is seeping through the bathroom ceiling.

Describes a physical substance penetrating a porous or damaged barrier.

Ils ont marché à travers la tempête de neige pour rentrer.

They walked through the snowstorm to get home.

Indicates moving through a difficult or challenging environment.

Le fleuve coule à travers la vallée verdoyante.

The river flows through the green valley.

Describes the natural path of a geographical feature.

Nous avons découvert la ville à travers ses musées.

We discovered the city through its museums.

Used to show the means by which an experience or knowledge is gained.

La nouvelle s'est répandue rapidement à travers le pays.

The news spread quickly across the country.

Describes the widespread dissemination of information.

C'est à travers l'éducation que nous pouvons changer la société.

It is through education that we can change society.

Used in a highly abstract sense to indicate the primary method or vehicle for societal change.

Le romancier exprime ses propres angoisses à travers ses personnages.

The novelist expresses his own anxieties through his characters.

Indicates the artistic medium used to convey personal emotions.

À travers ce projet, l'entreprise vise à réduire son empreinte carbone.

Through this project, the company aims to reduce its carbon footprint.

Used in a professional context to state the means of achieving a corporate goal.

La vérité a fini par éclater à travers un tissu de mensonges.

The truth finally emerged through a web of lies.

A figurative use describing truth penetrating deception.

Il a su garder son optimisme à travers toutes ces épreuves.

He managed to keep his optimism through all these hardships.

Describes enduring a period of time filled with difficulties.

L'évolution de l'art gothique est visible à travers ces cathédrales.

The evolution of Gothic art is visible through these cathedrals.

Points to physical objects as the evidence or medium for observing historical change.

La lumière filtrait à travers les persiennes fermées.

The light was filtering through the closed shutters.

A descriptive, slightly literary use indicating partial penetration of light.

Nous devons analyser la situation à travers le prisme de l'économie.

We must analyze the situation through the prism of the economy.

A common intellectual metaphor meaning 'from the perspective of'.

L'influence de ce philosophe résonne à travers toute la littérature du dix-neuvième siècle.

The influence of this philosopher resonates throughout all nineteenth-century literature.

Demonstrates advanced academic usage, showing pervasive influence across a broad abstract domain.

À travers le brouillard épais de la mémoire, quelques souvenirs d'enfance refaisaient surface.

Through the thick fog of memory, a few childhood recollections resurfaced.

Fronting the phrase for literary effect, using a complex metaphor ('brouillard de la mémoire').

C'est à travers une dialectique subtile que l'orateur a convaincu son auditoire.

It is through a subtle dialectic that the speaker convinced his audience.

Used to describe a sophisticated intellectual method or rhetorical strategy.

Le gouvernement tente d'apaiser les tensions à travers une série de réformes structurelles.

The government is trying to appease tensions through a series of structural reforms.

Typical journalistic and political usage indicating the instrument of policy implementation.

L'artiste explore la condition humaine à travers le prisme de la mythologie grecque.

The artist explores the human condition through the prism of Greek mythology.

A refined expression ('à travers le prisme de') used in art criticism and cultural analysis.

La douleur fulgurante a irradié à travers tout son corps.

The searing pain radiated through his entire body.

Used in a clinical or highly descriptive context to indicate the spread of physical sensation.

Le réalisateur dénonce les dérives de la société de consommation à travers une satire mordante.

The director denounces the excesses of consumer society through a biting satire.

Describes the artistic genre or tone used as a vehicle for social commentary.

Son génie s'est manifesté à travers une capacité d'abstraction hors du commun.

His genius manifested itself through an extraordinary capacity for abstraction.

Indicates the specific trait or action that reveals an underlying abstract quality.

C'est à travers le truchement de métaphores filées que le poète parvient à sublimer le banal.

It is through the use of extended metaphors that the poet manages to sublimate the mundane.

Combines 'à travers' with complex literary terminology ('truchement', 'métaphores filées') for highly elevated discourse.

L'angoisse existentielle transparaît à travers chaque coup de pinceau de cette toile tourmentée.

Existential angst shines through every brushstroke of this tormented canvas.

Demonstrates mastery of art critique vocabulary, linking physical action to profound emotion.

Le législateur a cherché, à travers cette nomenclature complexe, à anticiper toutes les jurisprudences possibles.

The legislator sought, through this complex nomenclature, to anticipate all possible jurisprudence.

Embedded within a complex sentence structure typical of formal legal or academic writing.

À travers les méandres de sa pensée labyrinthique, on devine une quête éperdue de sens.

Through the meanders of his labyrinthine thought, one can guess a desperate quest for meaning.

Utilizes highly poetic and evocative vocabulary ('méandres', 'labyrinthique', 'éperdue').

L'hégémonie culturelle s'impose insidieusement à travers l'uniformisation des modes de consommation.

Cultural hegemony imposes itself insidiously through the standardization of consumption patterns.

Used in advanced sociological or political science discourse to describe systemic mechanisms.

Le chef d'orchestre insuffle une dynamique nouvelle à la symphonie à travers une lecture audacieuse de la partition.

The conductor breathes a new dynamic into the symphony through an audacious reading of the score.

Specific terminology related to classical music critique and interpretation.

L'ironie tragique de la pièce se révèle pleinement à travers l'aveuglement volontaire du protagoniste.

The tragic irony of the play is fully revealed through the willful blindness of the protagonist.

Analytical literary usage, connecting dramatic concepts to character actions.

C'est une vérité universelle qui se décline à travers une infinité de particularismes locaux.

It is a universal truth that is expressed through an infinity of local particularisms.

Philosophical phrasing contrasting universality with particularity using the phrase as a bridge.

ترکیب‌های رایج

à travers le monde

à travers le pays

à travers les siècles

à travers la fenêtre

à travers les âges

à travers les yeux de

à travers champs

à travers l'histoire

à travers le prisme de

à travers la vitre

عبارات رایج

couper à travers

— To take a shortcut by going directly through an area instead of going around it. Often used when walking or driving.

Pour aller plus vite, nous allons couper à travers le parc.

voir à travers quelqu'un

— To understand someone's true intentions or to realize that they are lying. Similar to the English phrase 'to see through someone'.

Il mentait, mais elle a tout de suite vu à travers lui.

à travers tout

— Despite everything or through all difficulties. Used to express perseverance or continuity regardless of obstacles.

Il est resté fidèle à ses principes à travers tout.

passer à travers

— To fall through a crack, to be missed, or to survive a dangerous situation. Can be literal or figurative.

Cette erreur est passée à travers les contrôles de sécurité.

lire à travers les lignes

— To understand a hidden or implicit meaning in a text or speech. Equivalent to 'reading between the lines'.

Il faut savoir lire à travers les lignes de ce contrat.

à travers la brume

— Literally through the fog, but often used poetically to describe remembering something vaguely or seeing something unclearly.

Je me souviens de cette époque comme à travers la brume.

rayonner à travers

— To shine through or to project an emotion or quality visibly. Often used for happiness or confidence.

Sa joie rayonnait à travers son sourire.

filtrer à travers

— To pass slowly or in small amounts through a barrier. Used for light, liquids, or information.

La lumière filtrait à travers les rideaux.

résonner à travers

— To echo or have an impact across a wide area or a long period of time. Used for sounds or significant events.

Son discours a résonné à travers toute la nation.

voyager à travers le temps

— To time travel. A common trope in science fiction literature and cinema.

Le héros de ce film peut voyager à travers le temps.

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

à travers vs au travers de

Often confused because they look similar and both mean 'through'. 'Au travers de' requires 'de' and implies a difficult obstacle, while 'à travers' does not use 'de' and is more general.

à travers vs par

Both can mean 'through'. Use 'à travers' for physical penetration of a 3D space (through a forest). Use 'par' for the route or means (through the door, by train).

à travers vs traverser

Learners confuse the prepositional phrase 'à travers' with the verb 'traverser'. Use 'traverser' for crossing a linear boundary like a street or a bridge.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"à tort et à travers"

— To do or say something randomly, indiscriminately, or without thinking. It implies a lack of judgment or control.

Il dépense son argent à tort et à travers.

informal

"parler à tort et à travers"

— To speak nonsense, to talk without knowing what one is talking about, or to babble uncontrollably.

Ne l'écoute pas, il parle souvent à tort et à travers.

informal

"regarder de travers"

— To look at someone with hostility, suspicion, or disapproval. To give someone a dirty look.

Quand je suis entré, tout le monde m'a regardé de travers.

neutral

"avoir l'esprit de travers"

— To have a twisted or contrary way of thinking. To always understand things the wrong way.

Il est impossible de discuter avec lui, il a l'esprit de travers.

informal

"prendre quelque chose de travers"

— To take offense at something, to misunderstand a comment as an insult. To take something the wrong way.

J'ai fait une blague, mais elle l'a prise de travers.

neutral

"avaler de travers"

— To choke on food or drink because it went down the wrong pipe (the trachea instead of the esophagus).

J'ai toussé pendant dix minutes parce que j'ai avalé de travers.

neutral

"marcher de travers"

— To walk crookedly, often due to injury, drunkenness, or a physical defect. Can also mean things are going wrong.

Depuis son accident, il marche un peu de travers.

neutral

"avoir la tête de travers"

— To be in a bad mood, to wake up on the wrong side of the bed. To be grumpy.

Laisse-le tranquille ce matin, il a la tête de travers.

informal

"répondre de travers"

— To give a wrong, inappropriate, or nonsensical answer to a question.

L'élève était distrait et a répondu de travers au professeur.

neutral

"tout va de travers"

— Everything is going wrong. A general expression of frustration when multiple things fail simultaneously.

Aujourd'hui est une mauvaise journée, tout va de travers.

informal

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

à travers vs au travers de

Looks almost identical and translates to the same English word.

'À travers' is followed directly by a noun (à travers le mur). 'Au travers de' must be followed by 'de' (au travers du mur) and usually implies effort to overcome a barrier.

Il a vu à travers la vitre. vs. Il a dû se frayer un chemin au travers de la foule.

à travers vs par

Both translate to 'through' in English.

'Par' indicates the means or the route taken without necessarily penetrating a volume. 'À travers' specifically implies moving from one side of a volume or area to the other.

Je suis entré par la porte. vs. J'ai marché à travers la forêt.

à travers vs dans

Learners might say 'walk in the park' instead of 'walk through the park'.

'Dans' just means you are located inside the boundaries of the space. 'À travers' emphasizes the movement from one edge to the opposite edge.

Je me promène dans le parc (walking around inside). vs. Je marche à travers le parc (crossing it to get somewhere else).

à travers vs via

Both indicate a path or medium.

'Via' is mostly used for itineraries (traveling via London) or digital communication (via email). 'À travers' is for physical spaces, geography, and abstract mediums.

Je vole à Paris via Londres. vs. Je voyage à travers la France.

à travers vs en travers de

Contains the word 'travers'.

'En travers de' means 'across' in the sense of blocking the way or lying crosswise. It does not mean moving through.

Un arbre est tombé en travers de la route (blocking it). vs. Je marche à travers la route (incorrect, use 'Je traverse la rue').

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

[Subject] + [Verb of motion] + à travers + [Definite Article] + [Place].

Je marche à travers le parc.

[Subject] + [Verb of perception] + à travers + [Definite Article] + [Barrier].

Je regarde à travers la fenêtre.

[Subject] + [Verb] + à travers + le monde / le pays.

La nouvelle s'est répandue à travers le monde.

[Subject] + [Verb] + à travers + les siècles / les âges.

Cette histoire a voyagé à travers les siècles.

[Abstract Subject] + se manifeste / s'exprime + à travers + [Medium].

Son talent s'exprime à travers la peinture.

À travers + [Noun Phrase], [Main Clause].

À travers ses larmes, elle a souri.

[Subject] + [Verb] + à travers le prisme de + [Abstract Noun].

Il analyse la société à travers le prisme de l'économie.

C'est à travers + [Noun Phrase] + que + [Clause].

C'est à travers cette épreuve qu'il a forgé son caractère.

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

فعل‌ها

صفت‌ها

مرتبط

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نحوه استفاده

frequency

Highly frequent in both spoken and written French.

اشتباهات رایج

Je marche à travers du parc. → Je marche à travers le parc.
Learners often add 'de' or its contracted forms ('du', 'des') after 'à travers'. This phrase must be followed directly by the definite article without 'de'.
Je marche à travers la rue. → Je traverse la rue.
While grammatically understandable, using 'à travers' for crossing a linear boundary like a street is unnatural. French uses the specific verb 'traverser'.
Je suis entré à travers la porte. → Je suis entré par la porte.
To indicate the route or entryway used, French uses 'par'. 'À travers la porte' implies you physically broke a hole through the solid wood.
Il a vu à travers de moi. → Il a vu à travers moi.
Again, the erroneous addition of 'de'. When followed by a pronoun, use the disjunctive pronoun directly after 'à travers'.
Je traverse une période difficile à travers. → Je traverse une période difficile.
Directly translating the English 'going through a hard time' leads to redundancy. The verb 'traverser' already contains the meaning of 'going through'.

نکات

No 'De' Allowed

The golden rule: never put 'de', 'du', or 'des' immediately after 'à travers'. It always connects directly to the article (le, la, les).

Worldwide Expression

Memorize the chunk 'à travers le monde'. It is the most natural way to say 'worldwide' or 'all over the world' in French.

Silent S

Pretend the 's' at the end of 'travers' doesn't exist. It is completely silent. Pronounce it 'tra-ver'.

Crossing Streets

Avoid using 'à travers' for crossing streets or rivers. Use the verb 'traverser' instead (Je traverse la rue).

Time Travel

Use 'à travers' to talk about time as if it were a physical space. 'À travers les siècles' is a beautiful way to say 'throughout the centuries'.

Par vs. À travers

Use 'par' for the doorway (entrer par la porte) but 'à travers' for the window glass (regarder à travers la vitre).

À tort et à travers

Learn the idiom 'à tort et à travers'. It means doing something randomly or talking nonsense. It's great for informal conversations.

Fronting for Style

In written French, try putting 'À travers...' at the very beginning of the sentence to set the scene and create a dramatic effect.

Stressed Pronouns Only

If you need a pronoun after 'à travers', use moi, toi, lui, elle, nous, vous, eux, elles. Never use me, te, le, la.

The Obstacle Rule

If you want to emphasize that going through something was a huge struggle, switch to 'au travers de' instead.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Imagine a TRAVELER going ACROSS a river. 'A TRAVELER' sounds a bit like 'à travers'. The traveler goes THROUGH the forest and ACROSS the river.

تداعی تصویری

Visualize a giant letter 'A' walking THROUGH a dense forest. The 'A' is TRAVERSing the woods. See the trees parting as the 'A' moves from one side to the other.

شبکه واژگان

à travers through across traverser (verb) la fenêtre (window) le parc (park) le monde (world) le temps (time)

چالش

Next time you walk through a doorway, look through a window, or walk across a room, say to yourself 'Je marche à travers la porte', 'Je regarde à travers la fenêtre', or 'Je marche à travers la pièce'.

ریشه کلمه

The phrase 'à travers' is formed from the preposition 'à' and the noun 'travers'. The noun 'travers' originates from the Latin word 'transversus', which is the past participle of the verb 'transvertere', meaning 'to turn across' or 'to direct across'. The Latin prefix 'trans-' means 'across' or 'beyond', and 'vertere' means 'to turn'. Over time, in Old French, 'travers' came to denote the breadth or the crosswise dimension of an object.

معنای اصلی: Originally, it referred strictly to the physical width or the crosswise direction of a physical object or space.

Indo-European > Italic > Romance > Gallo-Romance > Old French > Modern French.

بافت فرهنگی

There are no specific cultural sensitivities or offensive connotations associated with the phrase 'à travers'. It is a neutral, highly functional grammatical tool.

English speakers often overuse the word 'par' when they mean 'through', because 'par' is introduced early as 'by/through'. Remember that 'à travers' is specifically for physical or figurative penetration of a space.

The famous novel 'À travers le miroir' is the French translation of Lewis Carroll's 'Through the Looking-Glass'. The popular French television show 'Rendez-vous en terre inconnue' often describes taking celebrities 'à travers le monde' (across the world). Jules Verne's classic 'Le Tour du monde en quatre-vingts jours' involves traveling 'à travers' multiple continents.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

Giving or receiving directions in a city or nature.

couper à travers le parc
aller à travers la place
marcher à travers la forêt
passer à travers le centre-ville

Describing the weather or natural phenomena.

le soleil à travers les nuages
le vent à travers les arbres
la pluie à travers la fenêtre
la lumière à travers la vitre

Discussing travel and geography.

voyager à travers le pays
un périple à travers l'Europe
connu à travers le monde
naviguer à travers l'océan

Talking about history and the passage of time.

à travers les siècles
à travers les âges
à travers l'histoire
survivre à travers le temps

Expressing understanding or perception.

voir à travers ses mensonges
comprendre à travers ses mots
regarder à travers ses yeux
ressentir à travers la musique

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"Avez-vous déjà voyagé à travers toute la France en train ?"

"Quel est le plus beau paysage que vous ayez vu à travers la fenêtre d'une voiture ?"

"Pensez-vous que l'on peut vraiment comprendre une culture à travers sa cuisine ?"

"Quelle tradition de votre pays a survécu à travers les siècles ?"

"Aimez-vous vous promener à travers la forêt en automne ?"

موضوعات نگارش

Racontez un voyage mémorable que vous avez fait à travers un pays étranger.

Décrivez ce que vous voyez en ce moment à travers la fenêtre de votre chambre.

Expliquez comment votre perception du monde a changé à travers une expérience difficile.

Écrivez sur une personne qui a été un soutien constant à travers les années.

Imaginez une histoire où un personnage voyage à travers le temps.

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

No, you should never use 'de' after 'à travers'. It is followed directly by the article and the noun. For example, say 'à travers le parc', not 'à travers du parc'. This is one of the most common mistakes made by learners.

While both mean 'through', 'au travers de' requires the preposition 'de' and usually implies that the passage was difficult or required overcoming an obstacle. 'À travers' is more general and neutral, simply describing the trajectory.

It is grammatically possible but sounds very unnatural. French prefers to use the verb 'traverser' for crossing linear boundaries. You should say 'Je traverse la rue' instead of 'Je marche à travers la rue'.

No, the final 's' is always silent. You pronounce it 'a tra-ver'. You generally do not even make a liaison with the next word if it starts with a vowel.

The standard expression for 'worldwide' or 'throughout the world' is 'à travers le monde'. It is a very common fixed phrase used in journalism and everyday speech.

Yes, it is frequently used to describe the passage of time or endurance over long periods. Common phrases include 'à travers les siècles' (through the centuries) and 'à travers les âges' (through the ages).

You use 'à travers'. The correct sentence is 'Je regarde à travers la fenêtre'. Do not use 'par la fenêtre' unless you are physically leaning out of it or throwing something out of it.

Yes, but you must use disjunctive (stressed) pronouns. For example, to say 'He saw through me', you say 'Il a vu à travers moi'. You cannot use direct or indirect object pronouns like 'me' or 'le' here.

It is completely neutral and can be used in any register, from casual conversations with friends to highly formal academic writing. Its formality depends entirely on the vocabulary surrounding it.

While 'à travers' can sometimes work figuratively, a more precise and formal translation for 'through the intermediary of' is 'par le biais de' or 'par l'intermédiaire de'.

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