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B2 noun 10 دقیقه مطالعه

अंतर्गत

antargat
مثال‌ها अंतर्गत در ۳۰ ثانیه
توضیح अंतर्गत in your Level:
At the A1 level, the word अंतर्गत (Antargat) is quite advanced. However, you might see it on signs or in very basic rules. For a beginner, think of it as a formal way to say 'in' or 'under'. If you see a sign that says 'इस योजना के अंतर्गत' (Is yojna ke antargat), it just means 'Under this scheme'. You don't need to use it in your daily 'Hello' and 'How are you' conversations. Just recognize it as a word that connects a small thing to a big rule. It is a very long word, so practice saying it slowly: An-tar-gat. It's like saying 'Under' when you are talking about something official.
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At the A2 level, you are starting to understand how Hindi sentences are built. You know words like 'ke' (of). अंतर्गत (Antargat) is a postposition, which means it comes after the noun. In English, we say 'Under the rule', but in Hindi, we say 'Rule ke antargat'. You can start using this word when talking about simple categories. For example, 'In this book' can be 'Is pustak ke antargat'. It makes your Hindi sound more serious. Remember, don't use it for your shoes under the bed! Only use it for things like books, rules, or groups.
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At the B1 level, you should be able to use अंतर्गत (Antargat) in formal writing or when explaining something structured. If you are describing your job, you might say, 'I work under this project' (Main is pariyojna ke antargat kaam karta hoon). You should also notice the difference between this and 'tahat'. You are moving beyond basic vocabulary and starting to use 'Tatsama' (Sanskrit-origin) words. This word helps you describe the 'scope' of something. If you are writing an essay about your school, you can use it to list the subjects 'under' the curriculum.
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At the B2 level, अंतर्गत (Antargat) becomes a very useful tool for precise communication. You will encounter it frequently in news articles and official documents. You should understand that it defines a conceptual boundary. For example, 'Is adhiniyam ke antargat' (Under this act). You should also be comfortable with the oblique case that precedes it. At this level, you can distinguish between 'Antargat' (scope/category) and 'Adheen' (subordination). You are likely reading more complex texts where this word is used to organize information logically.
At the C1 level, you should have a nuanced understanding of अंतर्गत (Antargat). You can use it to discuss complex legal, political, or philosophical frameworks. You understand its etymology (Antar + Gat) and how it functions as both a postposition and, occasionally, an adjective in specialized texts. You can use it to define the 'jurisdiction' of an idea or an entity. Your usage should be seamless in formal debates or professional presentations. You also know when to use 'Antargat' versus 'Nihit' (vested/inherent) to describe rights or powers within a constitution.
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At the C2 level, अंतर्गत (Antargat) is a word you use with total mastery of its stylistic implications. You can use it in high-level academic writing or legal drafting. You understand its historical weight as a Sanskrit loanword and can play with its placement for emphasis. You can navigate the most dense 'Sarkari' Hindi documents where अंतर्गत might appear multiple times to define nested scopes of authority. You are also aware of its rare adjectival forms in classical literature and can interpret them accurately in context.
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مثال‌ها

अंतर्गत در ۳۰ ثانیه

  • A formal word for 'under' or 'within the scope of', primarily used in official and legal Hindi.
  • Derived from Sanskrit (Antar + Gat), it literally means 'gone within' or 'contained inside'.
  • Requires the postpositional marker 'ke' (के) and applies to abstract concepts, not physical objects.
  • Essential for understanding government schemes, legal sections, and academic frameworks in India.
The Hindi word अंतर्गत (Antargat) is a sophisticated and formal term that primarily translates to 'under', 'within the scope of', or 'included in' in English. While it functions similarly to the English preposition 'under', its usage in Hindi is strictly bound to formal, legal, administrative, and academic contexts. You will rarely hear a child using this word while playing, nor will you use it to describe physical placement, such as an object being under a table. Instead, it defines conceptual boundaries and administrative jurisdictions. In the hierarchy of Hindi vocabulary, अंतर्गत is a 'tatsama' word, meaning it is borrowed directly from Sanskrit without modification, which lends it an air of authority and precision.
Grammatical Category
Postposition (Sambandh-bodhak) and Adjective.

यह योजना भारत सरकार के अंतर्गत आती है। (This scheme comes under the Government of India.)

When we look at the composition of the word, it consists of two parts: 'Antar' (meaning inside or internal) and 'Gat' (meaning gone or reached). Therefore, the literal meaning is 'that which has gone inside' or 'that which is contained within'. This is why it is used to describe things that fall within the boundaries of a law, a category, or a specific department. For example, if you are discussing the rules of a competition, you would say the rules fall अंतर्गत the competition's guidelines.
Register
Formal and Official (Sarkari Hindi).

धारा ३०२ के अंतर्गत मामला दर्ज किया गया। (A case was registered under Section 302.)

In common parlance, people might replace it with the Urdu-origin word 'tahat' (तहत), which serves the exact same purpose but carries a different cultural flavor. However, in government documents in India, अंतर्गत remains the standard. It is essential for learners to recognize that this word requires the preceding noun to be in the oblique case, usually followed by the possessive marker 'ke' (के). So, it is almost always 'X ke antargat'. This structure helps in defining the relationship between the subject and the governing entity.
Common Usage
Used in news headlines, legal contracts, and academic dissertations to define scope.

संविधान के अंतर्गत सभी को समान अधिकार प्राप्त हैं। (Under the constitution, everyone has equal rights.)

Understanding अंतर्गत is a gateway to understanding high-level Hindi discourse. It allows you to move beyond simple descriptions and engage with the structural and systemic aspects of Indian society, law, and philosophy. Whether you are reading a newspaper like 'Dainik Jagran' or watching a debate on 'Rajya Sabha TV', this word will appear frequently as a marker of logical and legal categorization.
Using अंतर्गत (Antargat) correctly requires an understanding of the postpositional structure in Hindi. Most frequently, it follows the pattern: [Noun/Entity] + के अंतर्गत. This construction indicates that the subject of the sentence is governed by or contained within the specified noun. For instance, if you want to say 'under this rule', you would say 'is niyam ke antargat'. The word 'niyam' (rule) is the governing entity.

इस कार्यशाला के अंतर्गत आपको तीन प्रोजेक्ट पूरे करने होंगे। (Under this workshop, you will have to complete three projects.)

Notice how the word suggests a boundary. It defines the 'space' (logical or administrative) in which the action takes place. Another common usage is in the context of organizational hierarchy. If a department operates under a specific ministry, अंतर्गत is the perfect choice.
Sentence Structure 1
[Governing Entity] + के अंतर्गत + [Subject] + [Verb]. Example: शिक्षा मंत्रालय के अंतर्गत यह संस्थान कार्य करता है। (This institute works under the Ministry of Education.)
A slightly more advanced use of अंतर्गत is when it acts as an adjective meaning 'internal' or 'inherent'. While 'antarik' is more common for 'internal', अंतर्गत can sometimes be found in older literature or very specific philosophical texts to mean something that is contained within the nature of a thing. However, for 99% of modern learners, the postpositional 'under/within' use is what matters.

नई नीति के अंतर्गत करों में छूट दी गई है। (Tax exemptions have been given under the new policy.)

You can also use it to describe the contents of a curriculum or a book. 'Is pustak ke antargat das adhyay hain' (There are ten chapters within this book). Here, it emphasizes the scope of the book.
Sentence Structure 2
[Scope] + के अंतर्गत + [Quantity/Content] + [Verb]. Example: इस पाठ्यक्रम के अंतर्गत पांच विषय शामिल हैं। (Five subjects are included under this curriculum.)

अनुबंध के अंतर्गत दी गई शर्तों को ध्यान से पढ़ें। (Read the conditions given under the contract carefully.)

One interesting aspect is how अंतर्गत can be used to express 'during' or 'within a timeframe' in very formal contexts, though 'ke dauran' is more common. For example, 'Is samay-seema ke antargat' (Within this time limit). This usage highlights the 'limit' aspect of the word.
Sentence Structure 3
[Time/Limit] + के अंतर्गत + [Action]. Example: आपको सात दिनों के अंतर्गत जवाब देना होगा। (You will have to respond within seven days.)

विशेषाधिकार के अंतर्गत उसे छूट मिली। (He got an exemption under the special privilege.)

By mastering these patterns, you can effectively use अंतर्गत to describe rules, systems, categories, and limits, making your Hindi sound professional and precise.
To hear अंतर्गत (Antargat) in its natural habitat, you need to step away from Bollywood masala movies and move towards newsrooms, courtrooms, and administrative offices. It is a staple of 'Sarkari' (Government) Hindi. When a news anchor reports on a new government initiative, they will almost certainly use this word. For instance, 'Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana ke antargat...' (Under the Prime Minister's Housing Scheme...). This word signals that what follows is a detail of a larger framework.

स्वच्छ भारत अभियान के अंतर्गत कई शौचालयों का निर्माण हुआ। (Many toilets were built under the Swachh Bharat Mission.)

In educational settings, teachers and professors use अंतर्गत to define the scope of a syllabus or a research topic. You might hear, 'Is shodh ke antargat hum teen pahluon par charcha karenge' (Under this research, we will discuss three aspects). It creates a structured environment for the discussion.
Context 1: Legal Proceedings
Lawyers use it to cite sections of the Indian Penal Code (IPC). 'IPC ki dhara 420 ke antargat...' (Under Section 420 of the IPC...).
Another place you will encounter this word is in corporate environments in India, especially when dealing with HR policies or legal contracts. 'Company ki policy ke antargat...' (Under the company's policy...). It provides a formal basis for rules and regulations.

नियमों के अंतर्गत कार्रवाई की जाएगी। (Action will be taken under the rules.)

Public announcements at railway stations or airports might also use it. 'Suraksha niyamon ke antargat...' (Under safety rules...). It carries a tone of seriousness and compliance.
Context 2: Television News
News channels like DD News or Zee News frequently use it during reports on legislation or government schemes.
Even in literature, particularly in non-fiction or historical writing, अंतर्गत is used to categorize events or periods. 'Mughal shasan ke antargat...' (Under the Mughal rule...). It helps historians organize information into logical blocks.

इस श्रेणी के अंतर्गत केवल वरिष्ठ नागरिक आते हैं। (Only senior citizens come under this category.)

Context 3: Formal Invitations
Sometimes used in formal wedding or event invitations to list sub-events. 'Vivah utsav ke antargat...' (Under the wedding festivities...).
In summary, अंतर्गत is the word of institutions. It is the language of the state, the law, and the academy. If you want to understand the 'official' side of India, this word is indispensable.
The most common mistake learners make with अंतर्गत (Antargat) is using it for physical locations. Because it translates to 'under' or 'within', English speakers often try to use it where they would use 'under' in a spatial sense. For example, saying 'Billi mez ke antargat hai' (The cat is under the table) is incorrect and sounds quite absurd to a native speaker. For physical 'under', you must use 'ke neeche' (के नीचे).

Incorrect: वह छत के अंतर्गत खड़ा है। (He is standing under the roof.)
Correct: वह छत के नीचे खड़ा है।

Another common error is forgetting the 'ke' (के) postposition. Since अंतर्गत functions as a postposition, it requires the possessive marker 'ke' to link it to the noun. Saying 'Niyam antargat' is grammatically incomplete in most contexts; it should be 'Niyam ke antargat'.
Mistake 1: Omission of 'ke'
Learners often treat it like an English preposition that comes before the noun, but in Hindi, the noun comes first, followed by 'ke', then 'antargat'.
Confusion between अंतर्गत and 'andar' (अंदर) is also frequent. 'Andar' means 'inside' in a physical or simple container sense (like inside a room). अंतर्गत is for 'inside' a conceptual framework. You are 'kamre ke andar' (inside the room), but your job role is 'is vibhag ke antargat' (under this department).

Incorrect: डिब्बे के अंतर्गत मिठाई है। (Sweets are within the box - sounds too formal/wrong.)
Correct: डिब्बे के अंदर मिठाई है।

Learners also sometimes confuse it with 'adheen' (अधीन). While 'adheen' also means 'under', it implies a sense of subordination, slavery, or being controlled by someone. अंतर्गत is more neutral and refers to scope or classification. If you say a person is 'Raja ke antargat', it sounds like they are a sub-category of the King. If you say they are 'Raja ke adheen', it means they are the King's subject or servant.
Mistake 2: Over-formalizing
Using 'antargat' in casual conversation with friends can make you sound like a textbook or a government official. In casual speech, use 'mein' (in) or 'tahat'.

उसने इस योजना के अंतर्गत आवेदन किया। (He applied under this scheme - Correct use in formal context.)

Lastly, ensure the pronunciation is correct. It is 'An-tar-gat', not 'An-tar-gaat'. The last 'a' is a schwa, very short. Mispronouncing it can lead to confusion with other Sanskrit-derived words. By avoiding these pitfalls, you will use अंतर्गत with the precision of a native speaker.
To truly master अंतर्गत (Antargat), it is helpful to compare it with its synonyms and near-synonyms. The most prominent alternative is तहत (Tahat). While 'Antargat' is of Sanskrit origin, 'Tahat' comes from Arabic via Urdu. In modern Indian administrative Hindi, they are often used interchangeably, but 'Tahat' is slightly more common in legal contexts and news, whereas 'Antargat' feels slightly more academic or 'pure' Hindi.
Comparison: Antargat vs. Tahat
Both mean 'under'. 'Antargat' is used more for 'within the scope/category', while 'Tahat' is used more for 'under the authority/section of a law'. Example: 'Dhara 144 ke tahat' is more common than 'Dhara 144 ke antargat'.
Another similar word is शामिल (Shamil), which means 'included'. While 'Antargat' implies being under a framework, 'Shamil' simply means being part of a group. You might say 'is list mein mera naam shamil hai' (my name is included in this list), but you wouldn't usually say 'is list ke antargat mera naam hai' unless the list is a formal regulatory document.

इस श्रेणी के अंतर्गत कई उप-श्रेणियाँ हैं। (There are many sub-categories under this category.)

अधीन (Adheen) is another alternative, but as mentioned before, it carries a sense of subordination. If a person works 'under' a boss, they are 'unke adheen'. If a project is 'under' a department's jurisdiction, it is 'us vibhag ke antargat'. For 'within', you also have भीतर (Bheetar) and अंदर (Andar). These are almost always physical. 'Ghar के भीतर' (Inside the house). Use these for physical spaces and 'Antargat' for abstract spaces.
Comparison: Antargat vs. Nihit
'Nihit' means 'inherent' or 'vested'. Powers are 'vested' (nihit) in the President 'under' (antargat) the constitution. One is the location, the other is the state of being.

अनुच्छेद २१ के अंतर्गत जीवन का अधिकार मौलिक है। (Under Article 21, the right to life is fundamental.)

Lastly, भीतरी (Bheetari) and आंतरिक (Antarik) are adjectives meaning 'internal'. While 'Antargat' can rarely be an adjective, 'Antarik' is much more common for things like 'internal matters' (antarik mamle). Knowing these distinctions allows you to choose the word that fits the exact register and meaning you intend to convey.
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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

यह नियम के अंतर्गत है।

This is under the rule.

Simple 'ke antargat' structure.

2

इस योजना के अंतर्गत आएं।

Come under this scheme.

Imperative use with a noun phrase.

3

किताब के अंतर्गत क्या है?

What is within the book?

Question form using 'kya'.

4

वह श्रेणी के अंतर्गत है।

That is under the category.

Categorization use.

5

कोर्स के अंतर्गत पढ़िए।

Read under the course.

Formal instruction.

6

इस सीमा के अंतर्गत रहें।

Stay within this limit.

Conceptual boundary.

7

नियमों के अंतर्गत कार्य करें।

Work under the rules.

Plural noun 'niyamon'.

8

सूची के अंतर्गत नाम है।

The name is within the list.

Existence in a scope.

1

इस स्कूल के अंतर्गत तीन विभाग हैं।

There are three departments under this school.

Describing organizational structure.

2

संविधान के अंतर्गत हमें आज़ादी है।

Under the constitution, we have freedom.

Abstract concept 'freedom'.

3

इस प्रोग्राम के अंतर्गत ट्रेनिंग मिलेगी।

Training will be provided under this program.

Future tense 'milegi'.

4

क्या यह कानून के अंतर्गत आता है?

Does this come under the law?

Interrogative with 'aata hai'.

5

प्रतियोगिता के अंतर्गत इनाम मिलेंगे।

Prizes will be given under the competition.

Plural subject 'inaam'.

6

इस बजट के अंतर्गत पैसा कम है।

Money is less under this budget.

Possessive 'is' with budget.

7

वह इस ग्रुप के अंतर्गत काम करता है।

He works under this group.

Third person singular 'karta hai'.

8

विषय के अंतर्गत जानकारी दी गई है।

Information has been given under the subject.

Passive-like structure 'di gayi hai'.

1

नई शिक्षा नीति के अंतर्गत कई बदलाव हुए हैं।

Many changes have happened under the new education policy.

Present perfect 'hue hain'.

2

इस धारा के अंतर्गत उसे सजा हो सकती है।

He can be punished under this section.

Modal verb 'ho sakti hai'.

3

परियोजना के अंतर्गत हमें डेटा इकट्ठा करना है।

Under the project, we have to collect data.

Infinitive 'karna hai' for obligation.

4

यह मामला मानवाधिकार आयोग के अंतर्गत आता है।

This matter comes under the Human Rights Commission.

Defining jurisdiction.

5

अनुबंध के अंतर्गत आपको गोपनीयता रखनी होगी।

Under the contract, you will have to maintain confidentiality.

Future obligation 'rakhni hogi'.

6

इस श्रेणी के अंतर्गत आने वाले सभी उत्पादों पर छूट है।

There is a discount on all products coming under this category.

Participle phrase 'aane vaale'.

7

सरकारी आदेश के अंतर्गत दुकानें बंद रहेंगी।

Shops will remain closed under government orders.

Future state 'rahengi'.

8

इस योजना के अंतर्गत ऋण प्राप्त करना आसान है।

Obtaining a loan under this scheme is easy.

Gerundial use 'prapt karna'.

1

संविधान के अनुच्छेद ३७० के अंतर्गत विशेष दर्जा प्राप्त था।

Special status was granted under Article 370 of the Constitution.

Past tense with historical context.

2

इस शोध पत्र के अंतर्गत भाषाई विकास का विश्लेषण किया गया है।

An analysis of linguistic development has been done within this research paper.

Passive voice 'kiya gaya hai'.

3

कंपनी के नियमों के अंतर्गत किसी भी प्रकार का भ्रष्टाचार वर्जित है।

Any kind of corruption is prohibited under company rules.

Formal adjective 'varjit'.

4

इस कार्यक्रम के अंतर्गत होने वाले व्यय का विवरण यहाँ है।

The details of the expenditure occurring under this program are here.

Complex noun phrase 'hone vaale vyay'.

5

डिजिटल इंडिया अभियान के अंतर्गत गांवों को जोड़ा जा रहा है।

Villages are being connected under the Digital India campaign.

Present continuous passive.

6

इस समझौते के अंतर्गत दोनों देशों ने शांति बनाए रखने का वादा किया।

Under this agreement, both countries promised to maintain peace.

Past tense 'vaada kiya'.

7

नियमों के अंतर्गत दी गई शक्तियों का दुरुपयोग न करें।

Do not misuse the powers given under the rules.

Negative imperative 'na karein'.

8

इस छात्रवृत्ति के अंतर्गत ट्यूशन फीस माफ़ की जाती है।

Tuition fees are waived under this scholarship.

Habitual passive 'ki jaati hai'.

1

प्रस्तावित कानून के अंतर्गत व्यक्तिगत डेटा की सुरक्षा सुनिश्चित की जाएगी।

Data protection of individuals will be ensured under the proposed law.

Future passive 'sunishchit ki jaayegi'.

2

इस दार्शनिक विचारधारा के अंतर्गत आत्मा को अमर माना गया है।

Within this philosophical ideology, the soul is considered immortal.

Academic/Philosophical register.

3

प्रशासनिक सुधारों के अंतर्गत नौकरशाही में पारदर्शिता लाने का प्रयास है।

There is an effort to bring transparency to the bureaucracy under administrative reforms.

Abstract noun 'paardarshita'.

4

इस संधि के अंतर्गत निर्धारित सीमाओं का उल्लंघन दंडनीय अपराध है।

Violation of the boundaries set under this treaty is a punishable offense.

Formal adjective 'dandaniya'.

5

सांस्कृतिक आदान-प्रदान के अंतर्गत विभिन्न कलाओं का प्रदर्शन हुआ।

Display of various arts took place under the cultural exchange.

Compound noun 'aadan-pradan'.

6

इस परियोजना के अंतर्गत आने वाली चुनौतियों का आकलन आवश्यक है।

Assessment of the challenges coming under this project is necessary.

Noun phrase 'chunautiyon ka aaklan'.

7

वैश्वीकरण के अंतर्गत स्थानीय उद्योगों को कड़ी प्रतिस्पर्धा का सामना करना पड़ता है।

Under globalization, local industries have to face stiff competition.

Compulsion 'karna padta hai'.

8

न्यायिक समीक्षा के अंतर्गत संसद द्वारा बनाए गए कानूनों की जांच की जा सकती है।

Under judicial review, laws made by the parliament can be examined.

Complex passive 'jaanch ki ja sakti hai'.

1

मानव चेतना के अंतर्गत असीमित संभावनाएँ निहित हैं।

Unlimited possibilities are inherent within human consciousness.

Highly abstract/philosophical use.

2

इस महाकाव्य के अंतर्गत जीवन के समस्त रसों का समावेश मिलता है।

The inclusion of all the 'rasas' (flavors/emotions) of life is found within this epic.

Literary register 'samavesh'.

3

अंतर्राष्ट्रीय विधि के अंतर्गत संप्रभुता के सिद्धांत की व्याख्या की गई।

The principle of sovereignty was explained under international law.

Legal/Political terminology.

4

इस वैज्ञानिक ढांचे के अंतर्गत क्वांटम यांत्रिकी के नियमों का अनुप्रयोग होता है।

Application of the laws of quantum mechanics occurs within this scientific framework.

Technical/Scientific register.

5

साहित्यिक आलोचना के अंतर्गत पाठ के विभिन्न अर्थों की खोज की जाती है।

Search for various meanings of the text is conducted within literary criticism.

Academic passive.

6

पारिस्थितिक तंत्र के अंतर्गत प्रत्येक जीव की एक विशिष्ट भूमिका होती है।

Each organism has a specific role within the ecosystem.

Biological context.

7

इस संवैधानिक तंत्र के अंतर्गत शक्ति के पृथक्करण का सिद्धांत लागू है।

The principle of separation of powers is applicable under this constitutional system.

Advanced political theory.

8

इतिहास के अंतर्गत विस्मृत घटनाओं का पुनर्मूल्यांकन अनिवार्य है।

Re-evaluation of forgotten events within history is mandatory.

Formal/Academic tone.

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