सड़ा

खराब (kharaab) is a general term for 'bad' or 'spoiled.' It can apply to anything that isn't good anymore, like a broken TV or food that's past its prime but not necessarily rotten. सड़ा (saṛa) specifically means 'rotten' and is used when food has decayed, often with a bad smell or visible mold. So, all सड़ा food is खराब, but not all खराब food is सड़ा.

No, सड़ा (saṛa) is almost exclusively used for food items that have gone bad due to decay. For an 'rotten idea' or a 'rotten plan,' you would typically use खराब (kharaab) or other terms like घटिया (ghaṭiyā) which means 'poor quality' or 'inferior.'

सड़ा (saṛa) is an adjective, and like many Hindi adjectives, it changes its ending based on the gender and number of the noun it describes. If you're talking about multiple masculine things, it becomes सड़े (saṛe). If you're talking about multiple feminine things, it becomes सड़ी (saṛī). For example, सड़े आम (saṛe aam) - rotten mangoes (masculine plural) and सड़ी रोटियाँ (saṛī roṭiyā̃) - rotten rotis (feminine plural).

You would typically use सड़ा (saṛa) for fruits, vegetables, bread, and other perishable items that decay. For example: सड़ा सेब (saṛa seb) - rotten apple, सड़ी सब्ज़ियाँ (saṛī sabziyā̃) - rotten vegetables, सड़ी रोटी (saṛī roṭī) - rotten bread.

Yes, the verb for 'to rot' or 'to decay' is सड़ना (saṛnā). So, if you want to say 'the apple is rotting,' you would say सेब सड़ रहा है (seb saṛ rahā hai).

You can say सड़ी हुई बदबू (saṛī huī badbū) or more simply सड़ी बदबू (saṛī badbū). बदबू (badbū) means 'bad smell.' The word हुई (huī) acts as a participial here, indicating the state of being rotten.

While सड़ा (saṛa) literally means 'rotten' for food, you wouldn't typically use it for a 'bad person' in a direct translation. For a bad person, you might use words like बुरा (burā) - bad, or नीच (nīch) - vile/mean. Using सड़ा (saṛa) for a person would sound very odd and not natural.

The most common opposite of सड़ा (saṛa) for food would be ताज़ा (tāzā), meaning 'fresh.' So, सड़ा फल (saṛa phal) - rotten fruit vs. ताज़ा फल (tāzā phal) - fresh fruit.

सड़ा (saṛa) is a straightforward word for 'rotten' food. There aren't significant cultural implications beyond the general understanding of food spoilage. It's simply a descriptive adjective used when food has visibly or audibly gone bad.

You would say यह फल सड़ा है (yah phal saṛā hai). If it's a feminine fruit, like an apple (सेब is masculine), but if you were talking about a vegetable like भिंडी (bhiṇḍī - okra, feminine), you would say यह भिंडी सड़ी है (yah bhiṇḍī saṛī hai).