A2 · مقدماتی فصل 19

Comparison and Superlatives

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قواعد این فصل تمرین سریع

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of weighing options and finding the best of the best in Indonesian.

  • Compare two items using the word 'lebih' (more).
  • Identify the ultimate choice using 'paling' (most).
  • Express equality between things using the prefix 'se-'.
  • Add depth to comparisons with intensifiers like 'jauh' (far).
Better, Best, and Equal: Navigating choices in Indonesian.

چی یاد می‌گیری

Expands on comparative structures using 'lebih' and 'paling'. Covers equal comparisons with 'se-'.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Compare the prices of two items at a market using 'lebih' and 'daripada'.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Identify the 'best' or 'cheapest' option in a group using 'paling'.
  3. 3
    By the end you will be able to: Describe two things as being 'as good as' or 'as tall as' each other using 'se-'.

نکات و ترفندها (3)

💡

Don't overthink

Indonesian comparatives are easier than English. No suffixes!
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Comparative 'Lebih'
💡

Keep it simple

Don't add suffixes. Just use 'paling' + word.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Superlative 'Paling'
💡

Think 'One'

Remember that 'se-' comes from 'satu' (one). It means 'one-level' or 'same-level'.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Equal Comparison 'Se-'

واژگان کلیدی (6)

mahal expensive murah cheap bagus good / nice cepat fast tinggi tall / high enak delicious

Real-World Preview

shopping-cart

At the Fruit Market

Review Summary

  • [A] + lebih + [Adjective] + daripada + [B]
  • paling + [Adjective]
  • se + [Adjective] + [Target]

اشتباهات رایج

While 'dari' is common in slang, 'daripada' is the correct formal preposition for comparisons to avoid confusion with 'from'.

Wrong: Mobil ini lebih besar dari motor itu.
صحیح: Mobil ini lebih besar daripada motor itu.

The prefix 'ter-' and the word 'paling' both mean 'most'. Using both is redundant. Pick one.

Wrong: Makanan ini paling terenak.
صحیح: Makanan ini paling enak. (OR: Makanan ini terenak.)

To say 'as tall as', use the prefix 'se-' attached directly to the adjective.

Wrong: Dia sama tinggi saya.
صحیح: Dia setinggi saya.

Next Steps

You've just unlocked a huge part of everyday conversation. Being able to compare things makes your Indonesian sound much more natural and functional. Keep practicing!

Go to a grocery store (or website) and compare the prices of three fruits in Indonesian.

Continue to: Active Verb Prefixes

تمرین سریع (10)

Fill in the blank.

Kopi ini ___ panas dari teh.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: lebih
Comparative structure.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Comparative Nuances

Choose the correct sentence.

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Dia lebih tinggi dari saya
Correct structure.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Comparative 'Lebih'

Fix the error.

Find and fix the mistake:

Dia lebih setinggi saya.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Dia setinggi saya
Remove 'lebih'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Equal Comparison 'Se-'

Fix the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Dia lebih pintar-an dari saya.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Dia lebih pintar dari saya
No suffixes.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Comparative 'Lebih'

Choose the correct form.

Mana yang benar?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: sebesar
No space allowed.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Equal Comparison 'Se-'

Fill in the blank.

Dia ___ saya.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: setinggi
Use 'se-' for equality.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Equal Comparison 'Se-'

Fill in the blank.

Kopi ini ___ panas dari teh.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: lebih
Lebih is the comparative marker.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Comparative 'Lebih'

Choose the correct sentence.

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Dia lebih tinggi dari saya
Needs the connector 'dari'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Comparative Nuances

Fill in the blank.

Dia adalah orang ___ (smart) di kelas.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: paling pintar
Paling + adjective = superlative.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Superlative 'Paling'

Fix the error.

Find and fix the mistake:

Dia paling pintarnya.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Dia paling pintar.
No suffix needed.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Superlative 'Paling'

Score: /10

سوالات رایج (6)

Yes, it works for all adjectives.
Yes, it is preferred in formal writing.
Yes, it works with almost all adjectives.
It's neutral and used everywhere.
Yes, it is very productive and works with almost all descriptive adjectives.
No, it just adds the comparative 'as... as' meaning.
فصل قبلی
Planning the Future
فصل بعدی
Active Verb Prefixes
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