B1 Verb Forms 1 min read سخت

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

The causative structure adds a suffix to a verb to show that the subject makes or lets someone else perform the action.

  • Use -т after vowel stems: 'оқы' (read) becomes 'оқыт' (make read/teach).
  • Use -дыр/-дір after most consonant stems: 'жаз' (write) becomes 'жаздыр' (make write).
  • The person forced to act takes the Dative case (-ға/-ге) if the verb has an object.
Verb Stem + [т/дыр/ғыз/ыр] + Tense + Person

Meanings

The causative voice (өзгелік етіс) indicates that the subject of the sentence does not perform the action themselves, but rather causes, forces, or allows another person (the agent) to perform it.

1

Compulsion/Command

Forcing or ordering someone to do something.

“Мұғалім оқушыға мәтінді оқытты (The teacher made the student read the text).”

“Әкем маған шөпті орғызды (My father made me mow the grass).”

2

Permission/Allowance

Letting or allowing someone to do something.

“Анасы баласына балмұздақ жегізді (The mother let the child eat ice cream).”

“Ол маған сөйлеуге рұқсат бергізді (He allowed me to speak).”

3

Assistance/Facilitation

Helping someone perform an action.

“Мен қарт кісіге жолдан өткіздім (I helped the elderly person cross the road).”

“Ол маған киімімді кигізді (She helped me put on my clothes).”

Causative Suffix Selection Rules

Stem Ending Suffix Example Stem Causative Form Meaning
Vowel (а, е, ы, і, etc.) оқы (read) оқыт make read / teach
Consonants р, л, й, у -т / -дыр кел (come) келтір bring / make come
Voiced Consonants (ж, з, б...) -дыр / -дір жаз (write) жаздыр make write
Voiceless Consonants (п, ф, к...) -тыр / -тір айт (say) айттыр make say
Monosyllabic (some) -ыр / -ір іш (drink) ішір make drink
Stems ending in 'т' -қыз / -кіз жат (lie) жатқыз lay down
Stems ending in 'с' -тір піс (cook) пісір cook (something)

Reference Table

Reference table for Causative Structure
Form Structure Example
Affirmative Stem + Causative + Tense + Person Мен жаздырдым (I made write)
Negative Stem + Causative + ма/ме + Tense + Person Мен жаздырмадым (I didn't make write)
Interrogative Stem + Causative + Tense + Person + ба/бе? Сен жаздырдың ба? (Did you make write?)
Imperative Stem + Causative Жаздыр! (Make them write!)
Future Stem + Causative + а/е/й + ды/ді Ол жаздырады (He will make write)
Intransitive Agent Agent + Accusative (-ны/ні) Мен оны күлдірдім (I made him laugh)
Transitive Agent Agent + Dative (-ға/ге) Мен оған хатты жаздырдым (I made him write the letter)

طیف رسمیت

رسمی
Мен хатты жаздырдым.

Мен хатты жаздырдым. (At the office)

خنثی
Хатты жаздырдым.

Хатты жаздырдым. (At the office)

غیر رسمی
Хат жаздырдым.

Хат жаздырдым. (At the office)

عامیانه
Хатты жаздыртып жібердім.

Хатты жаздыртып жібердім. (At the office)

The Causative Power Map

Causative (Өзгелік)

Force

  • Мәжбүрлеу To force

Allow

  • Рұқсат ету To allow

Help

  • Көмектесу To help

Service

  • Тапсырыс To order/commission

Transitive vs. Intransitive Logic

Intransitive (e.g. Run)
Мен баланы жүгірттім I made the child (Acc) run
Transitive (e.g. Read)
Мен балаға оқыттым I made the child (Dat) read

Choosing the Right Suffix

1

Does the stem end in a vowel?

YES
Use -т
NO
Check consonants
2

Is it a short monosyllabic verb?

YES
Try -ыр/-ір or -ғыз
NO
Use -дыр/-тыр

Examples by Level

1

Мен баланы ойнаттым.

I let the child play.

2

Сүт ішір.

Make (him) drink milk.

3

Маған көрсет.

Show me (make me see).

4

Оны күлдірме.

Don't make him laugh.

1

Мен шашымды қидырдым.

I had my hair cut.

2

Ол маған есікті аштырды.

He made me open the door.

3

Біз қонақтарды отырғыздық.

We seated the guests.

4

Мұғалім бізге жаздырды.

The teacher made us write.

1

Бастық хатшыға құжаттарды дайындатты.

The boss had the secretary prepare the documents.

2

Мен ініме үй тапсырмасын орындаттым.

I made my younger brother do his homework.

3

Дәрігер маған дәрі ішкізді.

The doctor made me take (drink) the medicine.

4

Біз оларға қаланы көрсеткіздік.

We had them shown the city.

1

Үкімет жаңа заңды қабылдатты.

The government pushed through (made accepted) the new law.

2

Ол өз ойын маған мойындатты.

He made me admit his point of view.

3

Жел есікті тарс жапқызды.

The wind caused the door to slam shut.

4

Кәсіпкер жаңа зауыт салдыртты.

The entrepreneur had a new factory built.

1

Автор өз кейіпкерлерін қиын жағдайға тап қылдырды.

The author subjected his characters to a difficult situation.

2

Бұл оқиға оны терең ойға батырды.

This event made him sink into deep thought.

3

Сот айыпталушыға кінәсін мойындатты.

The court made the accused confess his guilt.

4

Хан уәзірлеріне жарлықты таратқызды.

The Khan had the decree distributed by his viziers.

1

Тағдыр оны талай тауқыметке төздірді.

Fate made him endure many hardships.

2

Шешен өз сөзімен халықты ұйытты.

The orator mesmerized the people with his speech (causative of 'to curdle/unite').

3

Ол өзінің барлық мүлкін тәркілеттірді.

He had all his property confiscated (double causative).

4

Көктем келіп, жерді жайнатты.

Spring came and made the earth bloom/shine.

Easily Confused

Causative Structure در مقابل Causative vs. Reflexive

Learners mix up doing something for oneself vs. making someone else do it.

Causative Structure در مقابل -т vs. -дыр

Choosing the wrong suffix based on the stem ending.

Causative Structure در مقابل Dative vs. Accusative Agent

Using the wrong case for the person doing the action.

اشتباهات رایج

Мен оны оқытты.

Мен оны оқыттым.

Forgetting to add the personal ending after the causative suffix.

Ол маған күлді.

Ол мені күлдірді.

Using the simple verb instead of the causative when you mean 'he made me laugh'.

Жаздыр мен.

Маған жаздыр.

Incorrect word order; the agent comes before the verb.

Оқыдыр.

Оқыт.

Using -дыр on a vowel stem.

Мен оған күлдірдім.

Мен оны күлдірдім.

Using Dative for an intransitive verb's agent.

Анасы баласы ойнатты.

Анасы баласын ойнатты.

Forgetting the Accusative case for the agent.

Келдір.

Келтір.

Incorrect suffix for 'come'.

Мен оны хатты жаздырдым.

Мен оған хатты жаздырдым.

Using Accusative for the agent when there is already a direct object.

Бастық жұмысты істеттірді.

Бастық жұмысты істетті.

Unnecessary double causative.

Ол маған тамақ пісірді.

Ол маған тамақ пісіртті.

Using the simple verb when you mean 'he had food cooked for me'.

Ол мені мойындады.

Ол маған мойындатты.

Confusing 'he admitted to me' with 'he made me admit'.

Заңды қабылдаттырды.

Заңды қабылдатты.

Over-complicating the causative chain.

Sentence Patterns

Мен ___ (person) ___ (object) ___ (verb stem) + causative + дым.

Ол мені ___ (verb stem) + causative + ді.

Біз ___ (person) ___ (verb stem) + causative + қымыз келеді.

___ (verb stem) + causative + ма!

Real World Usage

At the Barber occasional

Шашымды қидырдым (I had my hair cut).

Office Delegation constant

Құжаттарды бастыққа қол қойдырттым (I had the documents signed by the boss).

Parenting very common

Баланы ұйықтаттым (I made the child sleep).

Ordering Food common

Тамақты үйге алдырттым (I had food delivered/brought to the house).

Job Interview occasional

Мен жаңа жобаны іске қостырттым (I had the new project launched).

Social Media very common

Достарымды күлдірдім (I made my friends laugh).

💡

The Vowel Rule

If a verb ends in a vowel, 99% of the time the causative is just '-т'. This is the easiest one to remember!
⚠️

Case Confusion

Don't use 'менімен' (with me) for the agent. Use the Dative (-ға/-ге) or Accusative (-ны/-ні).
🎯

Service Verbs

Whenever you pay for a service (car wash, haircut, repairs), use the causative. It shows you didn't do it yourself.
💬

Polite Commands

Using the causative can sometimes sound softer than a direct imperative. 'Оқыт' (make read) can be a way to say 'teach'.

Smart Tips

Check if there is an 'extra' person in the sentence who is doing the work. That's your causative agent!

Мен хат жаздым (I wrote a letter). Мен хат жаздырдым (I had a letter written).

Don't look for a separate verb. Look at the Kazakh verb and add the right suffix.

Ол мені күлуге мәжбүрледі (He forced me to laugh - awkward). Ол мені күлдірді (He made me laugh - natural).

Use the causative to ask for things to be done. It sounds professional and clear.

Шай әкел (Bring tea - can be blunt). Шай алдыртсаңыз (If you could have tea brought).

This is a 'double causative'. It means the subject made Person A make Person B do something.

Оқытты (He made them read). Оқыттырды (He had someone make them read).

تلفظ

жаз-ДЫР-дым (jaz-DYR-dym)

Stress on Suffix

The stress in Kazakh usually falls on the last syllable. In causative verbs, the stress shifts to the causative suffix unless a personal ending is added.

о-ҚЫТ (o-QYT) vs ке-ЛІТ-ір (ke-LIT-ir)

Vowel Harmony

The vowel in the causative suffix must match the vowel in the verb stem (hard with hard, soft with soft).

Command Intonation

Жаздыр! (Make them write!)

Falling intonation on the causative suffix conveys a strong command.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Think of the 'T' in '-т' as 'Triggering' the action, and '-дыр' as 'Directing' someone else.

Visual Association

Imagine a conductor (the subject) waving a baton. The orchestra (the agent) plays the music. The baton is the causative suffix connecting them.

Rhyme

Vowel ends with T, consonant with Dyr / If it's short and quick, maybe use an Ir!

Story

A lazy king wants everything done for him. He doesn't 'read' (оқи), he 'makes read' (оқыт). He doesn't 'clean' (тазала), he 'makes clean' (тазалат). Every verb he uses must have a causative suffix because he never lifts a finger.

Word Web

оқытжаздыркелтірішкізкүлдірсалдырайттыр

چالش

Look around your room. For every object, think of a task you could 'make someone else do' with it using a causative verb (e.g., 'make someone clean the window').

نکات فرهنگی

Using the causative with elders is rare unless you are helping them (facilitation). Forcing an elder is culturally taboo.

In Kazakh culture, you 'make guests eat' (жегізу) as a sign of hospitality. It's not seen as force, but as care.

Teachers often use the causative to encourage students to participate, framing it as 'letting them' rather than 'making them'.

The causative suffixes in Kazakh trace back to Old Turkic (e.g., -tur, -tür).

Conversation Starters

Сіз шашыңызды қайда қидырасыз?

Балаңызды қалай оқытасыз?

Жұмыста қандай тапсырмаларды басқаларға істеткізесіз?

Сізді кім ең көп күлдіреді?

Journal Prompts

Describe a day at work where you had to delegate tasks to others.
Write about a time you helped someone do something difficult.
Discuss how parents should educate their children.
Imagine you are a king/queen. What would you make your subjects do?

Test Yourself

Choose the correct causative form for 'оқы' (to read). چند گزینه‌ای

Мұғалім оқушыға кітапты ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: оқытты
Since the teacher is making the student read, we need the causative suffix -т.
Fill in the correct case for the agent.

Мен бала___ (the child) жүгірттім.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ны
'Жүгіру' (to run) is intransitive, so the agent takes the Accusative case.
Correct the sentence: 'Мен оны хатты жаздырдым.' Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Мен оны хатты жаздырдым.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Мен оған хатты жаздырдым.
With a transitive verb like 'жаз' (write), the agent must be in the Dative case.
Build a sentence meaning 'I made him laugh'. Sentence Building

Мен / оны / күл / [suffix] / [tense]

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Мен оны күлдірдім
Күлу is intransitive, so use Accusative 'оны' and suffix '-дір'.
Match the verb with its causative meaning. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 1-Жаздыр (make write), 2-Ішір (make drink), 3-Отырғыз (seat), 4-Көрсет (show)
These are the standard causative forms.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

- Шашың әдемі екен! - Рақмет, кеше ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: қидырдым
You don't cut your own hair, so you use the causative 'қидырдым'.
Sort the verbs into Causative and Simple. Grammar Sorting

Verbs: Кел, Келтір, Жаз, Жаздыр

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Simple: Кел, Жаз; Causative: Келтір, Жаздыр
Suffixes -тір and -дыр indicate the causative voice.
Is this rule true? True False Rule

Vowel-ending verbs always take the suffix -дыр.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
Vowel-ending verbs take the suffix -т.

Score: /8

تمرین‌های عملی

8 exercises
Choose the correct causative form for 'оқы' (to read). چند گزینه‌ای

Мұғалім оқушыға кітапты ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: оқытты
Since the teacher is making the student read, we need the causative suffix -т.
Fill in the correct case for the agent.

Мен бала___ (the child) жүгірттім.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ны
'Жүгіру' (to run) is intransitive, so the agent takes the Accusative case.
Correct the sentence: 'Мен оны хатты жаздырдым.' Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Мен оны хатты жаздырдым.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Мен оған хатты жаздырдым.
With a transitive verb like 'жаз' (write), the agent must be in the Dative case.
Build a sentence meaning 'I made him laugh'. Sentence Building

Мен / оны / күл / [suffix] / [tense]

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Мен оны күлдірдім
Күлу is intransitive, so use Accusative 'оны' and suffix '-дір'.
Match the verb with its causative meaning. Match Pairs

1. Жаз, 2. Іш, 3. Отыр, 4. Көр

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 1-Жаздыр (make write), 2-Ішір (make drink), 3-Отырғыз (seat), 4-Көрсет (show)
These are the standard causative forms.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

- Шашың әдемі екен! - Рақмет, кеше ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: қидырдым
You don't cut your own hair, so you use the causative 'қидырдым'.
Sort the verbs into Causative and Simple. Grammar Sorting

Verbs: Кел, Келтір, Жаз, Жаздыр

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Simple: Кел, Жаз; Causative: Келтір, Жаздыр
Suffixes -тір and -дыр indicate the causative voice.
Is this rule true? True False Rule

Vowel-ending verbs always take the suffix -дыр.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
Vowel-ending verbs take the suffix -т.

Score: /8

سوالات متداول (8)

It depends on the stem. Vowels take `-т`. Voiceless consonants take `-тыр/-тір` or `-қыз/-кіз`. Voiced consonants take `-дыр/-дір` or `-ғыз/-гіз`. Short verbs often use `-ыр/-ір`.

Yes! In Kazakh, the context tells you if it's force (`make`) or permission (`let`). `Ойнаттым` can mean 'I made him play' or 'I let him play'.

The person doing the action (the agent) still takes the Dative case, and the direct object stays in the Accusative.

It is neutral and used in all registers. However, in very formal settings, you might use double causatives or specific verbs like `бұйыру` (to command).

Technically yes, but it's very rare and usually changes the meaning significantly. Stick to adding it to simple stems first.

Because it comes from 'көр' (to see). 'Көрсет' literally means 'to make someone see'.

The suffix itself must follow the vowel harmony of the stem, and any following suffixes (tense, person) follow the causative suffix.

Use the causative of 'жөнде' (to repair), which is `жөндеттірдім` or `жөндеттім`. `Мен көлігімді жөндеттім`.

In Other Languages

English low

make / have / let

Kazakh is synthetic (one word), English is analytic (multiple words).

Spanish moderate

hacer + infinitive

Spanish uses a separate verb; Kazakh uses a suffix.

French moderate

faire + infinitive

The logic of the agent's case shift is very similar to Kazakh.

German moderate

lassen

German 'lassen' is a separate verb that triggers an infinitive at the end of the sentence.

Japanese high

-(s)ase-

Japanese has fewer suffix variations than Kazakh.

Arabic moderate

Form II (Fa'ala) or Form IV (Af'ala)

Arabic uses templatic morphology; Kazakh uses agglutinative suffixes.

Chinese low

让 (ràng) / 使 (shǐ)

Chinese has no verb conjugation or suffixes.

Was this helpful?
هنوز نظری وجود ندارد. اولین نفری باشید که افکار خود را به اشتراک می‌گذارد!