확증하다 در ۳۰ ثانیه
- 확증하다 means to corroborate or substantiate a claim using objective evidence, typically in formal, legal, or scientific contexts.
- It is a transitive verb (requires an object) and is derived from Hanja meaning 'certain' (確) and 'proof' (證).
- It differs from '확인하다' (to check) by its requirement for high-level proof and its association with truth-claims.
- Commonly used in the past tense or in the passive form '확증되다' to indicate that a fact has been firmly established.
The Korean verb 확증하다 (hwak-jeung-ha-da) is a sophisticated term that translates most accurately to 'to corroborate,' 'to substantiate,' or 'to confirm with definitive proof.' While the more common verb 증명하다 (to prove) focuses on the act of showing something is true, 확증하다 carries a heavier weight of finality and physical evidence. It is the linguistic equivalent of placing the final piece in a puzzle that makes the entire picture undeniable. In the context of the CEFR B2 level, learners are expected to distinguish between simple confirmation and this type of rigorous, evidence-based substantiation.
- Etymological Breakdown
- The word is composed of two Hanja characters: 확 (確) meaning 'certain' or 'firm,' and 증 (證) meaning 'proof' or 'evidence.' Combined with the active verb ending 하다, it literally means 'to make proof certain.'
This word is most frequently encountered in formal domains such as law, forensic science, academic research, and investigative journalism. When a detective finds a fingerprint that matches a suspect, they are not just 'checking' (확인) or 'proving' (증명) a theory; they are 확증-ing it. It implies that the evidence is so strong that the previous hypothesis has now become an established fact. It is less about the process of reasoning and more about the weight of the evidence itself.
검찰은 결정적인 증거를 통해 피고인의 유죄를 확증했다.
In academic writing, you will see this word used when discussing the results of an experiment. If a scientist proposes that a certain chemical causes a specific reaction, and then performs a series of tests that consistently show that reaction, they use 확증하다 to describe how the data supports their initial theory. It is a word of validation and intellectual rigor.
- Register and Tone
- This verb is highly formal. You would rarely hear it in casual conversation between friends unless they are jokingly speaking like a lawyer or a scientist. It appears in news reports, legal documents, and textbooks.
새로운 화석의 발견은 진화론의 일부 가설을 확증하는 계기가 되었다.
Furthermore, 확증하다 is often used in the psychological term '확증 편향' (Confirmation Bias). This refers to the human tendency to search for, interpret, and favor information in a way that confirms one's prior beliefs or values. Understanding the root verb helps learners grasp why this psychological term is so powerful—it’s about the desire to 'make our beliefs certain' regardless of the objective truth.
Using 확증하다 correctly requires an understanding of its grammatical environment. Since it is a transitive verb, it almost always takes an object marked by the particles -을/를. The object is typically an abstract concept that needs proof, such as a 'theory' (이론), 'fact' (사실), 'guilt' (유죄), or 'identity' (신원).
- Common Grammatical Patterns
- 1. [Subject] + [Object] + [Instrumental Particle -로/으로] + 확증하다 (To corroborate [Object] with [Evidence]).
2. [Evidence] + -이/가 + [Object] + -을/를 + 확증하다 (Evidence corroborates the object).
In a sentence, the 'subject' is usually the person providing the proof (like a researcher or detective) or the evidence itself. For example, 'The DNA results corroborated the suspect's presence at the scene.' Here, the DNA results are the active agent doing the corroborating.
유전자 검사 결과가 범인의 현장 부재 증명이 거짓임을 확증해 주었다.
Another important aspect is the tense. Because 확증하다 implies a conclusion has been reached, it is very frequently used in the past tense (확증했다). However, in research papers, it might appear in the present tense to describe a continuing state of scientific consensus or in the future tense when predicting the outcome of an upcoming experiment.
- Passive vs. Active
- While '확증하다' is active, the passive form '확증되다' (to be corroborated) is also extremely common. For example: '그의 이론은 실험을 통해 확증되었다' (His theory was corroborated through experiments).
수많은 데이터가 이 현상의 원인을 명확히 확증하고 있습니다.
Finally, consider the adverbial modifiers. Words like 명확히 (clearly), 결정적으로 (decisively), and 객관적으로 (objectively) are natural partners for 확증하다. They reinforce the idea that the proof being provided is not just a suggestion, but a final, unshakeable truth.
If you are watching a high-stakes legal drama like Stranger (비밀의 숲) or a medical mystery, you will hear 확증하다 during the climax. It’s the word used when the 'smoking gun' is revealed. In real life, you'll encounter it in the following three primary contexts:
- 1. The Legal and Judicial System
- In courtrooms, judges and lawyers use this to discuss whether a piece of evidence actually 'corroborates' a crime. A witness's testimony might '증명' (prove) a point, but physical evidence like a video recording will '확증' (substantiate) it. News anchors reporting on trial verdicts will say, 'The court has corroborated the facts of the case' (법원이 사건의 실체를 확증했습니다).
In these contexts, the word conveys a sense of institutional authority. It isn't just an opinion; it's a formal declaration of truth by the state or a recognized body.
CCTV 영상은 그가 사고 당시에 현장에 있었음을 확증하는 핵심 자료가 되었다.
- 2. Scientific and Academic Discourse
- When scientists publish papers, they use '확증' to describe the verification of a hypothesis. If a new study in the UK corroborates a previous study in Korea, they use this word. It’s about the reproducibility and reliability of data. You'll see it in science documentaries explaining complex theories like black holes or climate change.
이번 임상 시험 결과는 신약의 효능을 통계적으로 확증해 준다.
- 3. News and Investigative Reporting
- When journalists uncover a scandal, they often talk about '확증된 사실' (corroborated facts) to distinguish their reporting from mere rumors (루머) or speculation (추측). It is a hallmark of high-quality, investigative journalism.
In summary, 확증하다 is the word of the expert. Whether it’s a doctor confirming a diagnosis with a scan, a historian confirming a date with a manuscript, or a detective confirming a motive with a letter, the word signifies that the period of guessing is over and the period of certainty has begun.
For English speakers, the biggest challenge with 확증하다 is using it in contexts that are too casual or where the 'proof' is not substantial enough. Here are the most common pitfalls to avoid:
- 1. Confusing '확증하다' with '확인하다'
- This is the #1 mistake. In English, we often use 'confirm' for both checking a reservation and corroborating a scientific theory. In Korean, you must use 확인하다 for checking/confirming a simple fact. If you say '예약을 확증했어요' (I corroborated my reservation), it sounds like you performed a forensic investigation on your hotel booking.
Always ask yourself: Is there a heavy burden of proof here? If not, use 확인하다.
Wrong: 친구가 올 것인지 확증해 봐.
Right: 친구가 올 것인지 확인해 봐.
- 2. Overusing it for Personal Opinions
- Learners sometimes use 확증하다 when they really mean 'to be sure' (확신하다). If you say '나는 그가 좋은 사람임을 확증한다,' you are claiming to have objective, empirical evidence of his goodness. Unless you are a character witness in a trial, '확신한다' (to be certain/convinced) is better for personal feelings.
- 3. Misapplying the Subject
- Sometimes learners forget that the evidence itself can be the subject. They might struggle with sentences like 'The data corroborates...' because they feel a person must be the one doing the action. In Korean, '데이터가 ... 확증한다' is perfectly natural and common in technical writing.
Lastly, be careful with the word 입증하다. While similar, 입증하다 is often used for 'proving' a specific point in an argument, whereas 확증하다 is about 'firmly establishing' the truth of a whole theory or a set of facts. They are often interchangeable, but 확증하다 feels more like the 'final stamp' of truth.
To truly master 확증하다, you must see how it fits into the family of 'proving' and 'checking' words in Korean. Each has a specific nuance that changes based on the context of the evidence.
- 확증하다 vs. 증명하다 (To Prove)
- 증명하다 is the general term for 'to prove.' It can be used for math problems, social situations, or scientific facts. 확증하다 is more specialized. If '증명' is the act of showing it is true, '확증' is the act of making it indisputable. You '증명' a theorem; you '확증' a suspect's guilt with DNA.
- 확증하다 vs. 입증하다 (To Substantiate/Verify)
- These two are very close. 입증하다 is frequently used in legal contexts (e.g., 'burden of proof' is 입증 책임). However, 확증하다 carries a slightly stronger sense of 'finality' and 'conclusiveness.' 입증 is the process of presenting proof; 확증 is the result where the proof becomes certain.
- 확증하다 vs. 확인하다 (To Confirm/Check)
- As mentioned in the 'Common Mistakes' section, 확인하다 is for checking information (like a time or a name). 확증하다 is for establishing a truth through evidence. You check (확인) your bank balance; you corroborate (확증) a financial fraud case.
- 확증하다 vs. 검증하다 (To Verify/Audit)
- 검증하다 is often used for verifying the quality, safety, or authenticity of something. For example, '검증된 기술' (verified technology). It implies a process of testing against a standard. 확증하다 is more about the truth-value of a statement or theory.
In professional writing, you might also see 실증하다 (to prove by actual facts/empirical evidence). This is very similar to 확증하다 but is almost exclusively used in philosophy and social sciences to describe empirical verification. Understanding these subtle differences will help you reach a C1/C2 level of fluency where you can choose the exact tool for the linguistic job.
چقدر رسمی است؟
نکته جالب
The character 確 (Hwak) originally depicted a bird on high ground, symbolizing something that is seen clearly and cannot be mistaken. The character 證 (Jeung) combines 'speech' and 'correct', meaning to speak the correct truth with evidence.
راهنمای تلفظ
- Pronouncing 'jeung' with a soft 'j' instead of a tense 'tj' (it should sound like 쯩).
- Dropping the 'k' sound in 'hwak' entirely.
- Confusing the vowel 'eu' (으) in 'jeung' with 'u' (우).
- Mumbling the 'h' in 'hada' too much so it sounds like 'hwak-jeung-a-da'.
- Pronouncing the 'hw' as a simple 'w' without the initial breathy sound.
سطح دشواری
Common in news and books, but requires knowledge of formal vocabulary.
Difficult to use correctly without sounding overly formal or using the wrong object.
Rarely used in daily speech; easy to mispronounce the tensed 'j'.
Easy to confuse with '확인하다' if listening quickly.
بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟
پیشنیازها
بعداً یاد بگیرید
پیشرفته
گرامر لازم
-음/기 (Nominalization)
그가 범인임을 확증했다.
-를 통해 (Through/Via)
실험을 통해 가설을 확증했다.
-어 주다 (Auxiliary for Support)
증거가 내 말을 확증해 주었다.
-기 위해 (In order to)
사실을 확증하기 위해 조사했다.
Passive -되다
그의 무죄가 확증되었다.
مثالها بر اساس سطح
이 사진이 사실을 확증해요.
This photo corroborates the fact.
A1 learners should focus on the basic [Subject] + [Object] + [Verb] structure.
경찰이 증거를 확증했어요.
The police corroborated the evidence.
Simple past tense '했어요' is used here.
그녀는 그 이야기를 확증해요.
She corroborates that story.
Present tense '해요' for a general statement.
우리는 이 계획을 확증해요.
We corroborate this plan.
Using '우리' (we) as the subject.
이것은 내 생각을 확증해요.
This corroborates my thought.
Abstract object '생각' (thought).
선생님이 답을 확증했어요.
The teacher corroborated the answer.
Past tense '했어요' used for a completed action.
데이터가 결과를 확증해요.
The data corroborates the result.
Non-human subject '데이터' (data).
그 사실을 확증해 주세요.
Please corroborate that fact.
Request form '-해 주세요'.
지문이 범인의 신원을 확증했습니다.
The fingerprint corroborated the suspect's identity.
Formal past tense '-했습니다'.
뉴스는 그 사건을 확증하고 있습니다.
The news is corroborating that incident.
Present progressive '-고 있습니다'.
과학자들은 가설을 확증하려고 노력해요.
Scientists try to corroborate the hypothesis.
Intentional form '-하려고 노력하다' (try to).
이 문서는 그의 말을 확증해 줍니다.
This document corroborates his words.
Auxiliary verb '-해 주다' showing benefit/support.
실험을 통해 이론을 확증할 수 있어요.
You can corroborate the theory through experiments.
Ability form '-을 수 있어요'.
우리는 진실을 확증해야 합니다.
We must corroborate the truth.
Necessity form '-해야 합니다'.
그 증거가 범행을 확증했나요?
Did that evidence corroborate the crime?
Formal question ending '-했나요?'.
전문가들이 이 사실을 확증했습니다.
Experts corroborated this fact.
Subject marker '-들이' for plural experts.
여러 명의 목격자가 그의 진술을 확증했습니다.
Multiple witnesses corroborated his statement.
Use of '여러 명' (multiple people) to show weight of evidence.
새로운 연구 결과가 기존의 이론을 확증해 주었습니다.
New research results corroborated the existing theory.
Noun phrase '기존의 이론' (existing theory).
이 영상은 피고인의 알리바이가 거짓임을 확증합니다.
This video corroborates that the defendant's alibi is a lie.
Clause ending '-음' to turn a sentence into an object.
그는 자신의 무죄를 확증하기 위해 증거를 수집했습니다.
He collected evidence to corroborate his innocence.
Purpose form '-하기 위해' (in order to).
통계 자료는 이 현상이 우연이 아님을 확증합니다.
Statistical data corroborates that this phenomenon is not a coincidence.
Negative clause '아님을' (that it is not).
역사적 기록들은 그 왕의 존재를 확증해 줍니다.
Historical records corroborate the existence of that king.
Plural subject '기록들' (records).
현장 조사는 우리의 의심을 확증하는 계기가 되었습니다.
The field investigation served as an occasion to corroborate our suspicions.
Noun phrase '확증하는 계기' (an occasion to corroborate).
이 실험은 물의 끓는점이 압력에 따라 다름을 확증합니다.
This experiment corroborates that the boiling point of water varies with pressure.
Dependent phrase '압력에 따라' (depending on pressure).
검찰은 피고인의 계획적인 범행을 확증할 결정적 증거를 확보했다.
The prosecution secured decisive evidence to corroborate the defendant's premeditated crime.
Modifier '계획적인' (premeditated) and verb '확보하다' (to secure).
최근의 기상 데이터는 지구 온난화의 가속화를 확증하고 있다.
Recent meteorological data is corroborating the acceleration of global warming.
Progressive form '-고 있다' for ongoing scientific trends.
이 고문서는 해당 지역이 과거에 우리 영토였음을 확증한다.
This ancient document corroborates that the area in question was our territory in the past.
Formal subject '이 고문서' (this ancient document).
심리학자들은 사람들이 자신의 신념을 확증하려는 경향이 있다고 말한다.
Psychologists say that people have a tendency to try to corroborate their own beliefs.
Descriptive form '-하려는 경향' (tendency to do).
임상 시험의 3차 결과는 약물의 안전성을 최종적으로 확증했다.
The results of the third phase of clinical trials finally corroborated the safety of the drug.
Adverb '최종적으로' (finally/ultimately).
그의 알리바이를 확증해 줄 목격자가 나타나지 않아 수사가 난항을 겪고 있다.
The investigation is facing difficulties as no witness has appeared to corroborate his alibi.
Causal link '-지 않아' (because... not).
유물에서 발견된 문양은 두 문화권 사이의 교류를 확증하는 증거이다.
The patterns found on the artifact are evidence corroborating the exchange between the two cultures.
Noun phrase '교류를 확증하는 증거' (evidence corroborating exchange).
이 이론이 확증되려면 더 많은 실험적 데이터가 뒷받침되어야 한다.
For this theory to be corroborated, more experimental data must be supported.
Passive form '확증되다' and conditional '-려면' (if one intends to).
이번 판결은 법치주의의 원칙을 다시 한번 확증하는 계기가 되었다.
This ruling served as an occasion to once again corroborate the principles of the rule of law.
Abstract philosophical object '법치주의의 원칙' (principles of the rule of law).
천문학자들은 중력파의 관측을 통해 아인슈타인의 상대성 이론을 확증했다.
Astronomers corroborated Einstein's theory of relativity through the observation of gravitational waves.
Complex scientific context using '관측' (observation).
고고학적 발굴 성과는 구전으로만 전해지던 역사를 실증적으로 확증해 주었다.
The results of the archaeological excavation corroborated the history passed down only through oral tradition in an empirical way.
Adverbial phrase '실증적으로' (empirically).
그의 침묵은 오히려 주변의 의혹을 확증하는 결과만을 초래했을 뿐이다.
His silence only resulted in corroborating the surrounding suspicions.
Restrictive form '-했을 뿐이다' (only resulted in).
디지털 포렌식 분석 결과는 피의자가 파일을 고의로 삭제했음을 확증한다.
The digital forensic analysis results corroborate that the suspect intentionally deleted the files.
Clause '고의로 삭제했음을' (that they deleted intentionally).
이 논문은 현대 사회의 양극화 현상을 통계 분석을 통해 확증하고 있다.
This paper is corroborating the phenomenon of polarization in modern society through statistical analysis.
Topic '양극화 현상' (polarization phenomenon).
정부의 공식 발표는 그동안 떠돌던 소문이 사실이었음을 확증해 주었다.
The government's official announcement corroborated that the rumors circulating in the meantime were true.
Complex noun phrase '떠돌던 소문' (rumors that were circulating).
생물학적 다양성의 감소는 생태계 파괴의 심각성을 확증하는 지표이다.
The decrease in biological diversity is an indicator corroborating the seriousness of ecosystem destruction.
Noun '지표' (indicator/index).
칸트의 정언 명령은 도덕적 행위의 필연성을 확증하려는 철학적 시도이다.
Kant's categorical imperative is a philosophical attempt to corroborate the necessity of moral action.
Highly abstract philosophical context.
재판부는 검찰이 제출한 방대한 증거가 공소 사실을 확증하기에 충분하다고 판단했다.
The court judged that the vast amount of evidence submitted by the prosecution was sufficient to corroborate the facts of the indictment.
Legal terminology like '공소 사실' (facts of indictment) and '재판부' (the court/bench).
양자 역학의 불확정성 원리는 역설적으로 고전 물리학의 한계를 확증하는 기초가 되었다.
Paradoxically, the uncertainty principle of quantum mechanics became the basis for corroborating the limits of classical physics.
Use of '역설적으로' (paradoxically) to frame a complex scientific argument.
역사적 수정주의자들은 새로운 사료를 통해 기존의 통설을 확증하거나 반박하려 한다.
Historical revisionists try to corroborate or refute established theories through new historical materials.
Balanced sentence structure using '확증하거나 반박하려' (to corroborate or refute).
이 현상은 사회적 자본이 경제 성장에 미치는 긍정적 영향을 확증하는 사례로 자주 인용된다.
This phenomenon is frequently cited as a case corroborating the positive impact of social capital on economic growth.
Passive construction '인용된다' (is cited).
뇌 과학의 발전은 인간의 의사 결정 과정이 감정에 크게 의존함을 확증해 가고 있다.
The development of brain science is gradually corroborating that the human decision-making process relies heavily on emotion.
Progressive aspect '-해 가고 있다' (is gradually doing).
유전체 분석 기술은 인류의 이동 경로와 기원을 확증하는 데 결정적인 역할을 수행했다.
Genome analysis technology played a decisive role in corroborating the migration routes and origins of humanity.
Complex noun phrase '이동 경로와 기원' (migration routes and origins).
거시 경제 지표의 하락은 장기적인 경기 침체의 진입을 확증하는 신호로 해석될 수 있다.
The decline in macroeconomic indicators can be interpreted as a signal corroborating the entry into a long-term recession.
Interpretative structure '해석될 수 있다' (can be interpreted).
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
— To obtain corroboration or definitive proof.
우리는 마침내 그 이론에 대한 확증을 얻었다.
— To have no corroboration or proof.
심증은 가지만 아직 확실한 확증이 없다.
— A corroborated fact; something proven beyond doubt.
이것은 과학적으로 확증된 사실입니다.
— Corroborative evidence; evidence that confirms a theory.
확증적 증거가 발견될 때까지 기다려야 한다.
— The procedure or process of corroboration.
엄격한 확증 절차를 거쳐야 합니다.
— To make a definitive corroboration or judgment.
아직 결론을 확증을 내리기에는 이르다.
— Corroboration is required.
이 주장은 추가적인 확증이 필요합니다.
— To present corroboration or proof.
변호인은 무죄의 확증을 제시했다.
— To hinder or obstruct corroboration.
증거 인멸은 진실 확증을 방해한다.
— To receive corroboration or confirmation.
그의 발견은 학계에서 확증을 받았다.
اغلب اشتباه گرفته میشود با
English 'confirm' covers both, but Korean '확인' is for checking simple info, while '확증' is for proving with evidence.
To be sure (mental state). '확증하다' is to prove (external action/evidence).
Very similar, but '입증' is more about the 'act of presenting proof,' while '확증' is about the 'certainty of the result'.
اصطلاحات و عبارات
— The tendency to favor information that confirms one's pre-existing beliefs.
사람들은 확증 편향 때문에 보고 싶은 것만 본다.
Academic/Psychological— To have a strong suspicion but no definitive proof.
그가 범인이라는 심증은 가나 확증이 없어 풀어주었다.
Legal/Common— To drive a wedge; to make something absolutely certain (often used with 확증).
마지막 증거가 그의 유죄에 쐐기를 박았다.
Idiomatic— To coordinate stories (often to prevent someone from '확증'-ing the truth).
그들은 거짓을 확증하기 위해 입을 맞췄다.
Colloquial— If you do bad things for a long time, you will eventually be caught (and the truth '확증'-ed).
그의 비리는 결국 확증되었다. 꼬리가 길면 밟히는 법이다.
Proverb— There is no smoke without fire (implying there is a basis to '확증' a rumor).
소문이 확증된 걸 보니 아니 땐 굴뚝에 연기 날까 싶다.
Proverb— Rumors spread fast (making it hard to '확증' the original truth).
근거 없는 소문이 확증된 사실처럼 퍼지고 있다.
Proverb— To try to cover up the truth with a shallow trick (to avoid something being '확증'-ed).
그의 변명은 눈 가리고 아웅일 뿐, 사실을 확증하지 못한다.
Idiomatic— The truth will eventually be known/corroborated by the universe.
네가 한 일은 하늘이 알고 땅이 안다. 결국 확증될 것이다.
Idiomatic— A guilty person gives themselves away (providing '확증' through their own behavior).
그는 질문을 받자 당황하며 스스로 혐의를 확증했다.
Proverbبهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Both involve '증' (proof).
'인증' is for authentication (like a password or a certificate), while '확증' is for corroborating a truth.
휴대폰 번호를 인증하세요. (Authenticate your phone number.)
Both involve checking if something is true.
'검증' is a process of testing or auditing against a standard. '확증' is about finding the smoking gun.
백신의 안전성을 검증했다. (Verified the vaccine safety.)
Both mean to prove with evidence.
'실증' is specifically through empirical/real-world examples, often in philosophy.
이론을 실증적으로 분석하다. (Analyze the theory empirically.)
Both involve making something certain.
'보증' is to guarantee or act as a surety (like a warranty or co-signer).
품질을 보증합니다. (I guarantee the quality.)
Both mean to prove.
'논증' is to prove through logical reasoning and argument, not necessarily physical evidence.
자신의 주장을 논리적으로 논증하다. (Demonstrate one's claim logically.)
الگوهای جملهسازی
[Noun]은/는 [Noun]을/를 확증하는 결정적인 증거이다.
이 지문은 그의 유죄를 확증하는 결정적인 증거이다.
[Subject]은/는 [Evidence]를 통해 [Theory]를 확증했다.
과학자들은 실험을 통해 이 이론을 확증했다.
[Noun]이/가 [Clause]-음을 확증해 준다.
데이터가 기온이 상승하고 있음을 확증해 준다.
[Noun]이/가 확증되려면 [Condition]이 필요하다.
가설이 확증되려면 추가적인 검증이 필요하다.
사람들은 [Noun]을/를 확증하려는 경향이 있다.
사람들은 자신의 편견을 확증하려는 경향이 있다.
[Abstract Noun]의 [Noun]은 [Noun]을 확증하는 계기가 되었다.
이번 사건의 종결은 사법 정의를 확증하는 계기가 되었다.
[Noun]으로 [Noun]을/를 확증할 수 있다.
혈액형으로 친자 관계를 확증할 수 있다.
[Noun]은/는 [Noun]의 실체를 확증하는 데 중요한 역할을 한다.
이 문서는 역사의 실체를 확증하는 데 중요한 역할을 한다.
خانواده کلمه
اسمها
فعلها
صفتها
مرتبط
نحوه استفاده
Medium-High in formal written Korean; Low in spoken Korean.
-
Using '확증하다' to check a phone number.
→
전화번호를 확인하다.
Checking a number is a simple task (확인), not a forensic investigation (확증).
-
Saying '나는 그를 확증해' to mean 'I trust him'.
→
나는 그를 신뢰해 / 확신해.
'확증하다' requires an object of proof, not a person you trust emotionally.
-
Using '확증하다' for a future event.
→
내일 날씨를 확인하다 / 예상하다.
You cannot 'corroborate' the future; you can only corroborate things that have already happened or exist as theories.
-
Pronouncing it as 'Hwak-jung-ha-da' with a soft 'j'.
→
Hwak-tjeung-ha-da (확쯩하다).
In Korean, 'k' + 'j' results in a tense 'tj' sound. Accurate pronunciation is key for formal words.
-
Using '확증하다' without an object particle.
→
사실을 확증하다.
It is a transitive verb. You must specify what you are corroborating using -을/를.
نکات
Think Legal/Scientific
Whenever you are talking about a court case or a laboratory experiment, '확증하다' is likely the best choice for 'confirm' or 'substantiate'.
Use with -음/음을
It is very common to use a 'that' clause with '확증하다'. For example, '...사실임을 확증하다' (corroborate that it is a fact).
Pair with '결정적'
The adjective '결정적' (decisive/crucial) is the best friend of '확증'. Together they mean 'decisive corroboration'.
Tense the 'J'
Make sure the 'jeung' sounds strong like 'tjeung'. This is a common phonetic change in Korean when 'k' meets 'j'.
Learn 'Confirmation Bias'
Memorizing '확증 편향' will help you remember the word because it's a concept many people already know in English.
Passive Voice
In reports, using '확증되었다' (was corroborated) often sounds more objective and professional than the active form.
Not for Reservations
Never use '확증' for hotel or flight reservations. That is always '확인' or '예약 확인'.
Remember the Hanja
Hwak (Certain) + Jeung (Proof). Certain Proof. This simple formula will prevent you from forgetting the meaning.
Level Up Your Formal Speech
Using this word in a TOPIK II essay will significantly boost your vocabulary score.
News Context
If you hear '확증' on the news, pay attention to the word right before it—that is the thing being proven.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
Think of 'Hwak' as 'Whack!'—the sound of a judge's gavel hitting the desk. 'Jeung' sounds like 'Jung' (the middle/center). So, 'Whack' the truth into the 'Center' of the case with 'Hwak-jeung-ha-da'.
تداعی تصویری
Imagine a scientist holding a DNA strand (the 'Jeung' or proof) and stamping a document with a big red 'CERTAIN' (Hwak) stamp.
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Try to write three sentences using '확증하다' about a famous scientific discovery (like gravity) or a historical event.
ریشه کلمه
Derived from Sino-Korean (Hanja) roots. The word has been used in scholarly and legal texts for centuries to denote the highest level of verification.
معنای اصلی: To make proof certain and firm.
Sino-Koreanبافت فرهنگی
Be careful not to use this word in casual settings as it can sound overly dramatic or confrontational, as if you are interrogating someone.
English speakers often use 'confirm' for everything from dinner plans to scientific laws. In Korean, '확증하다' is much more restricted and formal.
تمرین در زندگی واقعی
موقعیتهای واقعی
Courtroom/Legal
- 유죄를 확증하다
- 혐의를 확증하다
- 증거로 확증하다
- 사실을 확증하다
Scientific Research
- 가설을 확증하다
- 이론을 확증하다
- 데이터로 확증하다
- 실험적으로 확증하다
Investigative Journalism
- 의혹을 확증하다
- 소문을 확증하다
- 현장 조사를 통해 확증하다
- 진실을 확증하다
Psychology/Social Science
- 확증 편향
- 신념을 확증하다
- 사회적 현상을 확증하다
- 상관관계를 확증하다
Historical Analysis
- 사료를 통해 확증하다
- 기록을 확증하다
- 유물을 확증하다
- 역사적 사실을 확증하다
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
"최근 뉴스에서 그 사건을 확증하는 증거가 나왔나요?"
"확증 편향이 우리의 일상 생활에 어떤 영향을 미칠까요?"
"과학적 이론이 확증되기 위해서는 어떤 과정이 필요한가요?"
"당신의 주장을 확증할 수 있는 구체적인 자료가 있습니까?"
"어떤 사실이 확증되었을 때 가장 기뻤던 적이 있나요?"
موضوعات نگارش
사람들이 자신이 믿고 싶은 것만 믿는 '확증 편향'에 빠지는 이유는 무엇이라고 생각하는지 서술하시오.
최근에 읽은 뉴스 기사 중에서 결정적인 증거로 사실이 확증된 사례를 하나 골라 요약해 보세요.
나의 가치관이나 신념을 확증해 주었던 인생의 경험에 대해 써 보세요.
법정 드라마에서 '확증'이 중요한 역할을 했던 장면을 떠올려 보고, 그 증거가 왜 중요했는지 설명해 보세요.
미래에 과학 기술이 어떤 미스터리를 확증해 주기를 바라는지 적어 보세요.
سوالات متداول
10 سوالNo. Use '확인하다' (hwak-in-ha-da). '확증하다' implies a serious investigation or scientific proof. Using it for email sounds like you are looking for evidence of a crime in your inbox.
Mostly, yes, but it is more like 'corroborate.' It means taking an existing idea and making it 100% certain with new evidence. '증명하다' is the more general word for 'prove'.
It is '확증 편향' (hwak-jeung pyeon-hyang). It’s a very common term in psychology and news.
Yes, it is a high-register word. You will see it in newspapers, hear it in court, or read it in textbooks. It’s rare in casual daily life.
'증거' is the 'evidence' (the noun). '확증' is the 'corroboration' (the result of using evidence to prove something).
Yes. For example, 'The detective corroborated the fact' (형사가 그 사실을 확증했다). But evidence can also be the subject: 'The DNA corroborated the fact' (DNA가 그 사실을 확증했다).
Use the passive form '확증되다' (hwak-jeung-doe-da). Example: '그의 이론은 확증되었다' (His theory was corroborated).
Yes! Both share the '확' (確) character, which means 'certain.' '확실하다' is an adjective (to be certain), and '확증하다' is the verb to make it certain with proof.
Only if you are being very dramatic or funny. 'I will corroborate my love for you' sounds like you are bringing a lawyer to your date. Use '증명하다' instead.
Common objects include 사실 (fact), 이론 (theory), 가설 (hypothesis), 유죄 (guilt), 신원 (identity), and 혐의 (suspicion).
خودت رو بسنج 200 سوال
Write a sentence using '확증하다' and '증거' (evidence).
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Translate: 'The data corroborates the theory.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Use '확증되다' (passive) in a sentence about a scientist.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write a sentence about 'Confirmation Bias' (확증 편향).
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Translate: 'We need definitive proof to corroborate this fact.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Create a sentence using '확증하다' in the context of a courtroom.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Translate: 'The DNA test corroborated his identity.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write a sentence using '확증하다' and '-기 위해' (in order to).
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Translate: 'This discovery corroborated the history.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Use '확증적인' (adjective) in a sentence.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Translate: 'The experiment corroborated the results.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write a sentence about a news report using '확증하다'.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Translate: 'They corroborated the alibi.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Use '확증하다' in the future tense.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Translate: 'It is a corroborated fact.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write a sentence using '확증하다' and '전문가' (expert).
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Translate: 'The study corroborated the impact of the drug.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Use '확증하다' in a formal question form.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Translate: 'The witness corroborated the statement.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write a sentence using '확증하다' and '-지만' (but).
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
How do you pronounce '확증하다'? (Record yourself)
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Explain the concept of 'Confirmation Bias' in Korean using the word '확증'.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'The DNA test corroborated the suspect.' in Korean.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
How would a news anchor say 'The fact was corroborated'?
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Use '확증하다' in a sentence about a scientific experiment.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Pronounce the noun '확증' correctly.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Ask a question: 'Do you have evidence to corroborate this?'
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'It is a corroborated fact' in a formal tone.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Explain the difference between '확인' and '확증' in Korean.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Use '확증하다' in a sentence about a detective.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'We must corroborate the truth' in Korean.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Pronounce '확증 편향' clearly.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'This document corroborates his statement.'
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Use '확증되다' in a sentence about a theory.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'There is no corroboration yet.'
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
How do you say 'to substantiate' in a professional Korean meeting?
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'The results corroborate our expectations.'
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Use '확증하다' with the instrumental particle '-로'.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'A decisive witness appeared.' in the context of corroboration.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Explain why '확증하다' is a B2 level word.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Listen to the sentence: '경찰은 범인의 지문을 확증했다.' What did the police corroborate?
Listen: '이 이론은 실험적으로 확증되었습니다.' Is the theory proven or not?
Listen: '확증 편향에 주의하세요.' What should you be careful of?
Listen: '증거가 부족하여 확증할 수 없습니다.' Why can't they corroborate?
Listen: '유전자 검사 결과가 나왔습니다.' What word is likely to follow to say 'it proved the identity'?
Listen: '그의 말이 사실임을 확증해 주는 자료입니다.' What is the material doing?
Listen: '아직 확증 단계는 아닙니다.' Is the process finished?
Listen: '법원은 그의 유죄를 확증했다.' Where is this happening?
Listen for the tense: '확증할 것이다.' Is it past, present, or future?
Listen: '데이터 분석이 가설을 확증합니다.' What is the subject?
Listen: '결정적인 확증이 필요합니다.' What kind of corroboration is needed?
Listen: '그는 자신의 결백을 확증하려 노력했다.' What is he trying to prove?
Listen for the passive: '확증되었다.' Did someone do it or did it happen?
Listen: '전문가들의 의견이 확증을 뒷받침합니다.' What supports the corroboration?
Listen: '소문이 확증된 사실로 밝혀졌다.' What happened to the rumor?
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Summary
The word '확증하다' is your go-to verb for 'hard proof.' Whenever you are dealing with DNA, historical documents, or scientific data that makes a theory undeniable, use this word instead of the simpler '증명하다' or '확인하다'. Example: '유전자 검사가 범인을 확증했다' (The DNA test corroborated the criminal).
- 확증하다 means to corroborate or substantiate a claim using objective evidence, typically in formal, legal, or scientific contexts.
- It is a transitive verb (requires an object) and is derived from Hanja meaning 'certain' (確) and 'proof' (證).
- It differs from '확인하다' (to check) by its requirement for high-level proof and its association with truth-claims.
- Commonly used in the past tense or in the passive form '확증되다' to indicate that a fact has been firmly established.
Think Legal/Scientific
Whenever you are talking about a court case or a laboratory experiment, '확증하다' is likely the best choice for 'confirm' or 'substantiate'.
Use with -음/음을
It is very common to use a 'that' clause with '확증하다'. For example, '...사실임을 확증하다' (corroborate that it is a fact).
Pair with '결정적'
The adjective '결정적' (decisive/crucial) is the best friend of '확증'. Together they mean 'decisive corroboration'.
Tense the 'J'
Make sure the 'jeung' sounds strong like 'tjeung'. This is a common phonetic change in Korean when 'k' meets 'j'.
مثال
과학자들은 실험을 통해 그 가설이 사실임을 확증했다.
محتوای مرتبط
واژههای بیشتر science
흡수하다
B2جذب مایعات، نور یا دانش. ادغام یک شرکت از طریق خرید.
흡수
B1عمل جذب کردن یا مکیدن چیزی، مانند مایعات، مواد مغذی یا اطلاعات.
축적하다
B2انباشتن یا جمع آوری مقدار زیادی از چیزی در طول یک دوره زمانی، مانند ثروت، دانش یا تجربه. مثال: او در طول سالها ثروت زیادی انباشته است.
축적
B2تجمع تدریجی چیزهایی مانند ثروت، دانش یا تجربه در طول زمان. (The gradual gathering of things like wealth, knowledge, or experience over time.)
누적
B2عمل جمعآوری یا انباشته شدن در طول زمان؛ مقدار کل که به تدریج ساخته شده است.
후천적
B2Acquired or learned after birth through experience, education, or environment.
작용
B2عمل یا اثری که یک چیز بر چیز دیگر دارد، یا عملکرد یک فرآیند خاص. (The action or effect that something has on another thing, or the functioning of a particular process.)
조절하다
B1To adjust, regulate, or control something to a desired level or state. It often refers to managing physical settings or personal habits.
증폭
B2تقویت یا تشدید چیزی مانند سیگنال صوتی یا یک احساس. برای مثال: 'آمپلیفایر صدا را تقویت کرد' یا 'شایعه ترس را تقویت کرد'.
증폭되다
B2To be amplified, magnified, or increased in intensity. It can refer to physical signals or abstract concepts like tension or rumors.
