At the A1 level, the word 고갈되다 might seem a bit difficult because it is a 'big' word. However, you can think of it as a very strong way to say 'nothing left.' Imagine you have a bottle of water. You drink it all. Now it is empty. For a small bottle, we say '다 마셨어요' (I drank it all). But imagine a huge lake. If all the water in the lake disappears, that is 고갈되다.
You won't use this word often when talking to friends about food or toys. But you might see it in a simple picture book about nature. It means something that was there is now 100% gone. It is like the word 'empty,' but for very important things like water, money, or energy. Just remember: something + 이/가 + 고갈되다. For example, '물 이 고갈되다' (Water is gone/depleted).
For A2 learners, 고갈되다 is a useful word to know when you talk about the environment or feeling very, very tired. While you usually use '힘들어요' (It's hard/I'm tired), using 고갈되다 shows that you have 'zero energy left.' It's like your battery is at 0% and won't turn on.
In daily life, you might hear this on the news. If the news says '자원이 고갈되다,' they are talking about things like oil or coal running out. It's a formal word. If you use it, people will think your Korean is very good! Just be careful not to use it for small things. Don't use it for 'I ran out of pens.' Use it for 'The company ran out of money' (자금이 고갈되다) or 'I have no more ideas' (아이디어가 고갈되다).
At the B1 level, you should start using 고갈되다 in formal writing or discussions. This word is perfect for essays about social issues. For example, if you are writing about the 'aging society' in Korea, you might write about how the 'pension funds' (연금) are 고갈. This sounds much more academic than saying the money is 'gone.'
It's also important to notice the Hanja roots: 枯 (dry) and 渴 (thirsty). This helps you remember that it's about things 'drying up.' You can use it metaphorically too. If you've been studying for 10 hours, your 'mental energy' (정신력) might be 고갈. It implies that you've pushed yourself to the absolute limit. Remember the grammar: it's an intransitive verb, so the thing that is running out is the subject (이/가).
As a B2 learner, you are expected to understand the nuance between 고갈되다 and its synonyms like 소진되다 or 바닥나다. 고갈되다 carries a scientific or official weight. It is the standard term for resource depletion (자원 고갈) and financial exhaustion (자금 고갈). It suggests a state where a 'reservoir'—be it physical, financial, or mental—has been emptied.
You should also be able to use the causative form 고갈시키다 (to deplete). For example, '무분별한 개발이 자연을 고갈시킨다' (Indiscriminate development depletes nature). Understanding this distinction allows you to describe both the state of depletion and the cause of it. In professional settings, using 고갈 shows that you can handle high-level vocabulary related to sustainability, economics, and psychology.
At the C1 level, you should appreciate the rhetorical power of 고갈되다. It's often used in literature and high-level journalism to create a sense of impending doom or critical scarcity. It describes not just a lack, but the *death* of a source. When a writer says their 'creative spirit has been depleted' (창작 의욕이 고갈되었다), they are expressing a profound crisis of identity, not just a temporary writer's block.
You should also look for it in complex grammatical structures, such as '고갈될 대로 고갈된' (depleted as much as it can be), which emphasizes the extreme nature of the situation. It's frequently used in discussions about 'Burnout Syndrome' (번아웃 증후군), where emotional labor leads to the total depletion of one's inner resources. At this level, you should be comfortable using it in debates about global policy, resource management, and philosophy.
For C2 learners, 고갈되다 is a precise tool for discussing systemic failures and entropic processes. You might encounter it in philosophical texts discussing the 'depletion of meaning' in postmodern society or in advanced economic theories regarding 'resource exhaustion' models. The word functions as a key descriptor for any system where the input can no longer sustain the output because the internal reserves are spent.
You should be able to distinguish the subtle connotations it carries in different fields. In legal or bureaucratic Korean, it might refer to the exhaustion of administrative remedies. In poetic Korean, it might describe the 'drying up of tears' (눈물이 고갈되다), suggesting a sorrow so deep it has become numb. Mastery at this level involves knowing exactly when the 'weight' of this word is appropriate to evoke the necessary gravity in your discourse.
고갈되다 در ۳۰ ثانیه
- A formal verb meaning to be completely depleted or dried up.
- Commonly used for natural resources (oil, water) and finances (funds).
- Also used metaphorically for mental energy, creativity, and patience.
- Functions as an intransitive verb with the subject marker -이/가.
The Korean verb 고갈되다 (gogaldoeda) is a sophisticated term primarily used to describe the state of being completely dried up, exhausted, or depleted. At its core, it carries a sense of finality—not just that something is low, but that the very source or supply has reached a point of zero. This word is deeply rooted in Hanja (Sino-Korean characters), where '고' (枯) means to wither or dry up, and '갈' (渴) means to be thirsty or to dry out. When combined with the suffix '-되다', which indicates a transition into a state, the word paints a vivid picture of a well that has gone bone-dry or a riverbed that has cracked under the sun. In modern Korean, while it still applies to physical liquids, its usage has expanded significantly into the realms of economics, environmental science, and psychology.
- Natural Resources
- This is perhaps the most literal and frequent application. When scientists discuss the 'depletion' of fossil fuels like petroleum or the 'drying up' of underground water tables, they almost exclusively use 고갈되다. It suggests a systemic loss that is difficult or impossible to reverse quickly.
지구의 천연자원이 빠른 속도로 고갈되고 있습니다. (Earth's natural resources are being depleted at a rapid pace.)
- Financial and Economic Contexts
- In the world of finance, 고갈되다 refers to the total exhaustion of funds, budgets, or reserves. A company might face a crisis when its operating capital is 고갈, or a government might worry about the national pension fund running out. It implies a critical situation that requires immediate intervention.
Furthermore, the word is indispensable in creative and intellectual discussions. Writers often speak of their 'creative ideas' (아이디어) or 'inspiration' (영감) being 고갈. This metaphorical use aligns with the 'drying well' imagery—the internal source of creativity has stopped flowing. In psychological contexts, it is the hallmark of 'burnout,' where one's emotional and mental energy is completely spent. Using this word instead of simpler terms like '없다' (to not have) or '다 쓰다' (to use up) elevates your speech, signaling a more formal or serious tone suitable for news reports, academic papers, or professional evaluations. It conveys a sense of urgency and gravity that simpler verbs lack.
Using 고갈되다 correctly requires an understanding of its grammatical nature as an intransitive verb (자동사). In Korean, even though we often translate it as 'to be depleted' (a passive voice in English), 고갈되다 functions as a state of becoming. Therefore, the resource that is running out takes the subject marker -이/가. You do not 'deplete' something using this verb; rather, the thing 'becomes depleted.' If you want to say 'to deplete something' (transitive), you would use 고갈시키다.
- The Basic Structure
- [Resource/Source] + 이/가 + 고갈되다. For example, '자금이 고갈되다' (Funds are depleted).
오랜 가뭄으로 인해 저수지의 물이 완전히 고갈되었습니다.
When discussing human attributes, it is common to pair 고갈되다 with nouns like 체력 (physical strength), 기력 (vitality), 인내심 (patience), or 상상력 (imagination). For instance, '인내심이 고갈되다' means your patience has run completely thin, suggesting you are on the verge of losing your temper because you have no 'reserves' of patience left. It is much stronger than saying you are just 'annoyed.'
매일 계속되는 야근으로 인해 그의 체력이 바닥나고 정신력이 고갈되었다.
In formal writing, you will often see it used in the form '고갈에 직면하다' (to face depletion). This is common in news headlines regarding oil prices or environmental crises. Another common pattern is '~이/가 고갈될 위기에 처하다' (to be in danger of being depleted). These patterns help convey the serious consequences of the depletion. Remember that 고갈되다 is a 'heavy' word; you wouldn't typically use it for something trivial like running out of salt while cooking unless you are being intentionally dramatic or humorous.
You are most likely to encounter 고갈되다 in serious, informative, or professional settings. It is a staple of Korean news broadcasts (뉴스), particularly in the sections covering the economy, environment, and social issues. When a news anchor reports on the 'national pension fund' (국민연금), the word 고갈 is almost always used to discuss the timeline of when the funds might run out. Similarly, in documentaries about climate change, you will hear it frequently in relation to 'water shortages' (물 부족) or 'resource depletion' (자원 고갈).
전문가들은 2050년이면 화석 연료가 완전히 고갈될 것으로 예측하고 있습니다.
In the workplace, particularly in creative industries like advertising, game development, or writing, managers and employees use 고갈되다 to describe 'creative burnout.' If a team has been working on the same project for months, someone might say, '아이디어가 고갈됐어요' (We've run out of ideas). This sounds more professional and serious than saying '생각이 안 나요' (I can't think of anything). It implies that the creative well has been pumped dry and needs time to refill.
- Academic and Literary Contexts
- In university lectures or academic journals, 고갈되다 is used to describe the exhaustion of variables or the end of a specific phenomenon's lifespan. In literature, it might be used metaphorically to describe a character's 'emotional depletion' (감정적 고갈) after a traumatic event, suggesting they have no more feelings left to give.
Interestingly, you might also hear this word in sports commentary. When a marathon runner or a football player is visibly struggling in the final minutes, a commentator might say their 'stamina is depleted' (체력이 고갈되었다). This highlights the physical limit the athlete has reached. While the word is formal, its emotional resonance makes it powerful in storytelling and reporting alike. If you hear this word, pay attention to the context; it usually signals that a limit has been reached and a change or crisis is imminent.
One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make when using 고갈되다 is confusing it with other words for 'tired' or 'finished.' In English, we use 'exhausted' to mean both 'very tired' and 'used up.' However, in Korean, these are distinct concepts. You cannot say '나는 고갈됐다' to mean 'I am tired' (as in sleepy). You must specify *what* is depleted, such as your 'energy' (에너지) or 'strength' (체력). Saying 'I am depleted' without a noun sounds like you are a natural resource or a bank account.
- Mistake 1: Subject Choice
- Incorrect: 내가 고갈됐어. (I am depleted - sounds like you're an empty oil well).
Correct: 내 체력이 고갈됐어. (My physical strength is depleted).
Another common error is using 고갈되다 for small, everyday items. While it technically means 'to run out,' using it for a cup of coffee or a pencil is 'overkill.' It's like saying 'The caffeine reserves in my mug have reached total systemic depletion' instead of 'I finished my coffee.' For everyday items, use '다 쓰다' (to use all) or '떨어지다' (to run out/fall). Save 고갈되다 for things that have a 'source' or 'pool,' like funds, resources, or internal energy.
Incorrect: 우유가 고갈됐어요. (The milk is depleted - too formal/weird).
Correct: 우유가 다 떨어졌어요. (We're out of milk).
Lastly, beginners often forget that 고갈되다 is a passive-state verb. They might try to use an object marker -을/를 with it. Remember: 자원을 고갈되다 is grammatically wrong. It must be 자원이 고갈되다. If you want to use -을/를, you must use the causative form 고갈시키다 (to deplete something), as in '인간이 자원을 고갈시킨다' (Humans deplete resources).
Korean has several words that overlap with 고갈되다, each with its own nuance and register. Understanding these differences will make your Korean sound much more natural and precise. The most common synonyms are 소진되다, 바닥나다, and 다하다.
- 고갈되다 vs. 소진되다 (Sojindoeda)
- 소진되다 (to be exhausted/burned out) is very similar but is used more frequently for 'energy' or 'effort' spent on a task. While 고갈되다 focuses on the source drying up, 소진되다 focuses on the act of using everything up until nothing is left. You '소진' your energy during a workout, but your '체력' (physical capacity) might be '고갈' after a long illness.
- 고갈되다 vs. 바닥나다 (Badangnada)
- 바닥나다 literally means 'to hit the floor/bottom.' This is the idiomatic, more casual version of 고갈되다. If you are talking to friends about your bank account or your patience, 바닥나다 is much more natural. '돈이 바닥났어' (I'm broke/out of money) is common, whereas '자금이 고갈되었습니다' sounds like a corporate report.
Comparison:
1. 석유가 고갈되었다. (Oil is depleted - Formal/Scientific)
2. 쌀이 바닥났다. (The rice has run out - Casual/Everyday)
Another alternative is 다하다, which means 'to come to an end' or 'to be exhausted.' It is often used for abstract concepts like 'life' (수명이 다하다) or 'duty' (최선을 다하다 - to do one's best/exhaust one's best). While 고갈되다 implies a supply running out, 다하다 often implies reaching a natural limit or conclusion. Finally, 결핍되다 (to be deficient) should not be confused with 고갈되다. 결핍 is a lack of something necessary (like vitamins or affection), while 고갈 is the disappearance of a previously existing supply.
چقدر رسمی است؟
نکته جالب
The character 枯 (고) is the same one used in '고목' (dead tree). So when you say your ideas are 고갈, you're literally saying your mind is like a dead, dried-up tree!
راهنمای تلفظ
- Pronouncing 'gal' as 'goal'.
- Mixing up 'doe' with 'du'.
- Over-aspirating the initial 'k' sound.
سطح دشواری
Common in news and books, so reading it is essential for B2.
Requires knowing which subjects (resources) pair well with it.
Useful for sounding professional, but not for casual daily chat.
Frequently heard in news broadcasts and documentaries.
بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟
پیشنیازها
بعداً یاد بگیرید
پیشرفته
گرامر لازم
-되다 (Passive/State Verbs)
고갈되다, 사용되다, 형성되다
-시키다 (Causative Verbs)
고갈시키다, 감동시키다, 발전시키다
-으로 인해 (Due to/Because of)
가뭄으로 인해 물이 고갈되었다.
-기 전에 (Before doing)
자원이 고갈되기 전에 아껴 써야 한다.
-아/어 가다 (Continuing process toward a state)
연금이 고갈되어 가고 있다.
مثالها بر اساس سطح
물이 고갈되었어요.
The water is depleted (run out).
'물이' is the subject (water) + '고갈되었어요' (past tense).
돈이 고갈됐어요.
The money is all gone.
'돈' (money) is used here in a simple way to mean 'empty.'
힘이 고갈되었어요.
My strength is gone.
'힘' means strength or power.
석유가 고갈돼요.
The oil is running out.
Present tense showing a process.
아이디어가 고갈되었어요.
I have no more ideas.
Used for creative thoughts.
나무가 고갈되었어요.
The trees are all gone.
Used for natural resources.
시간이 고갈됐어요.
Time has run out.
Metaphorical use for time.
식량이 고갈되었어요.
The food supply is depleted.
'식량' refers to food supplies.
저수지의 물이 고갈되었어요.
The water in the reservoir has been depleted.
'저수지' (reservoir) makes the sentence more specific.
에너지가 완전히 고갈됐어요.
The energy is completely depleted.
'완전히' (completely) emphasizes the state.
천연자원이 고갈되고 있습니다.
Natural resources are being depleted.
'-고 있다' shows a continuous action.
그의 인내심이 고갈되었어요.
His patience has run out.
'인내심' (patience) is a common abstract subject.
예산이 고갈되어 공사가 중단됐어요.
The budget was depleted, so construction stopped.
'-어서/아서' shows the reason/cause.
지하수가 고갈되면 큰일이에요.
It's a big problem if groundwater is depleted.
'-면' (if) creates a conditional sentence.
상상력이 고갈된 것 같아요.
I think my imagination has been depleted.
'-ㄴ 것 같다' means 'it seems like.'
연료가 고갈되기 전에 주유소에 가요.
Let's go to the gas station before the fuel is depleted.
'-기 전에' means 'before.'
오랜 가뭄으로 인해 강물이 고갈되었습니다.
Due to the long drought, the river water has been depleted.
'-로 인해' is a formal way to say 'due to.'
회사의 자금이 고갈되어 파산 위기에 처했습니다.
The company's funds were depleted, putting it at risk of bankruptcy.
'파산 위기' means 'risk of bankruptcy.'
작가는 창작 의욕이 고갈되어 글을 쓸 수 없었다.
The writer could not write because their creative desire was depleted.
'창작 의욕' is 'desire to create.'
전쟁으로 인해 국가의 식량이 고갈되었다.
The nation's food supply was depleted due to the war.
'식량' is more formal than '음식.'
우리의 인내심이 이제 거의 고갈되어 갑니다.
Our patience is now almost running out.
'-어 가다' shows a process reaching a state.
천연가스가 고갈될 가능성이 높습니다.
There is a high possibility that natural gas will be depleted.
'가능성이 높다' means 'possibility is high.'
체력이 고갈되어 더 이상 걸을 수 없었다.
My physical strength was depleted, so I couldn't walk anymore.
'체력' specifically refers to physical stamina.
정신적 에너지가 고갈되면 휴식이 필요합니다.
When mental energy is depleted, rest is necessary.
'정신적 에너지' means 'mental energy.'
석유 자원의 고갈은 전 세계적인 문제입니다.
The depletion of oil resources is a global problem.
Here '고갈' is used as a noun (depletion).
그는 모든 감정이 고갈된 듯 무표정하게 앉아 있었다.
He sat expressionlessly as if all his emotions were depleted.
'-ㄴ 듯' means 'as if.'
지나친 경쟁은 학생들의 창의성을 고갈시킵니다.
Excessive competition depletes students' creativity.
'고갈시키다' is the causative form (to deplete).
국민연금이 고갈될 것이라는 보도가 나왔다.
A report came out saying the national pension will be depleted.
'국민연금' (National Pension) is a common collocation.
환경 오염으로 인해 생태계의 자정 능력이 고갈되었다.
The ecosystem's self-purifying ability has been depleted due to pollution.
'자정 능력' is 'self-purifying ability.'
그의 논리는 이미 고갈되어 같은 말만 반복했다.
His logic was already depleted, so he just repeated the same words.
Metaphorical use for 'logic' or 'arguments.'
외환 보유고가 고갈되면 국가 경제가 위험해집니다.
If foreign exchange reserves are depleted, the national economy becomes dangerous.
'외환 보유고' (Foreign exchange reserves).
심한 스트레스는 면역력을 고갈시킬 수 있습니다.
Severe stress can deplete your immunity.
'면역력' (immunity) is the object of '고갈시키다.'
인류는 자원이 고갈된 지구를 떠나 새로운 행성을 찾았다.
Humanity left the resource-depleted Earth to find a new planet.
'고갈된' is an adjective form modifying '지구.'
지적 호기심이 고갈된 사회는 더 이상 발전할 수 없다.
A society where intellectual curiosity is depleted can no longer develop.
'지적 호기심' (intellectual curiosity).
그 영화감독은 영감이 고갈되어 은퇴를 결심했다.
The film director decided to retire because their inspiration was depleted.
'영감' (inspiration) is a frequent subject for this verb.
무분별한 어획으로 인해 어족 자원이 고갈 위기에 처했다.
Due to indiscriminate fishing, fish stocks are in danger of depletion.
'어족 자원' refers to fishery resources.
그녀는 남편을 간호하며 자신의 영혼이 고갈되는 것을 느꼈다.
While nursing her husband, she felt her soul being depleted.
Deeply metaphorical use for 'soul' (영혼).
정치적 자산이 고갈된 지도자는 권력을 유지하기 힘들다.
A leader whose political assets are depleted finds it hard to maintain power.
'정치적 자산' (political assets/capital).
전략적 비축유가 고갈되자 정부는 비상사태를 선포했다.
When strategic oil reserves were depleted, the government declared a state of emergency.
'비축유' (oil reserves).
현대인들은 정서적 고갈로 인해 무기력증에 시달리곤 한다.
Modern people often suffer from lethargy due to emotional depletion.
'정서적 고갈' (emotional depletion).
엔트로피의 법칙에 따르면 우주의 에너지는 결국 고갈될 운명이다.
According to the law of entropy, the universe's energy is destined to be depleted eventually.
Scientific/Philosophical context.
언어의 의미가 고갈된 시대에 진실을 말하기란 쉽지 않다.
In an era where the meaning of language is depleted, it is not easy to tell the truth.
Highly abstract philosophical use.
자본주의의 탐욕이 지구의 생명력을 고갈시키고 있다는 비판이 있다.
There is criticism that the greed of capitalism is depleting the Earth's vitality.
Critical social theory context.
그 학자는 평생의 연구 끝에 학문적 열정이 고갈되었음을 고백했다.
The scholar confessed that his academic passion had been depleted after a lifetime of research.
'고갈되었음을' is a formal noun clause.
심리적 자원이 고갈된 상태에서는 합리적인 판단이 불가능하다.
In a state where psychological resources are depleted, rational judgment is impossible.
'심리적 자원' (psychological resources).
공동체의 신뢰가 고갈되면 사회적 계약은 무의미해진다.
When the trust of a community is depleted, social contracts become meaningless.
'공동체의 신뢰' (community trust).
가용할 수 있는 모든 수단이 고갈되자 그는 최후의 선택을 했다.
When all available means were depleted, he made his final choice.
'가용할 수 있는 수단' (available means).
예술적 원천이 고갈된 모방은 생명력이 없는 껍데기에 불과하다.
Imitation with a depleted artistic source is nothing but a lifeless shell.
'예술적 원천' (artistic source/wellspring).
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
— A state of being in danger of running out.
석유가 고갈될 위기에 처했다.
— Total depletion where absolutely nothing remains.
비축 물자가 완전 고갈되었다.
— To prevent depletion.
자원 고갈을 막기 위해 노력해야 한다.
— To face the reality of running out.
우리는 에너지 고갈에 직면해 있다.
— A state of being depleted.
그는 현재 정신적으로 고갈된 상태이다.
— To cause or lead to depletion.
무분별한 소비는 고갈을 초래한다.
— To run out gradually.
저수지의 물이 서서히 고갈되고 있다.
— Concerns about potential depletion.
연금이 고갈될 우려가 커지고 있다.
— To officially declare that something is gone.
정부는 비상 자금의 고갈을 선언했다.
— A sign or omen of coming depletion.
낮은 수위는 고갈의 전조이다.
اغلب اشتباه گرفته میشود با
Sojindoeda focuses on the energy spent; Gogaldoeda focuses on the source drying up.
Gyeolpipdoeda means a lack/deficiency from the start; Gogaldoeda means it ran out.
Bujokhada means 'not enough'; Gogaldoeda means 'none left.'
اصطلاحات و عبارات
— To show the bottom; to be almost empty. Similar to 고갈되다 but more visual.
통장 잔고가 바닥을 드러냈다.
Neutral— The 'seeds' have dried up. Used when something has completely disappeared or gone extinct.
이 강에는 물고기 씨가 말랐다.
Informal— To lose all one's sap/energy. Used for extreme physical exhaustion.
하루 종일 일했더니 진이 다 빠졌다.
Informal— To show one's true (limited) ability or capital.
실력이 부족해 밑천이 금방 드러났다.
Neutral— To go bankrupt or run out of everything.
살림이 아주 거덜 났다.
Informal— To be exhausted to the point of collapse.
산행 후 기진맥진해서 쓰러졌다.
Formal— To be completely sold out or used up.
인기 상품이 벌써 동났다.
Neutral— To have one's back bend (from heavy burden/financial depletion).
교육비 때문에 부모님 허리가 휜다.
Informal— To have only bones left (metaphorical for total depletion of resources).
회사가 부도나서 이제 뼈만 남았다.
Informal— To suck one's fingers (because there is no food/money left).
돈이 고갈되어 손가락만 빨고 있다.
Informalبهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Both involve not having enough.
Gogal is 'empty after being full,' while Gyeolpip is 'lacking what is needed.'
비타민 결핍 (Vitamin deficiency) vs. 자원 고갈 (Resource depletion).
Both mean something is gone.
Somyeol is for things disappearing/vanishing (like a species or a sound); Gogal is for resources being used up.
종의 소멸 (Extinction of a species) vs. 물의 고갈 (Depletion of water).
Both involve money running out.
Tangjin implies wasting or spending recklessly; Gogal is a neutral state of being empty.
재산 탕진 (Wasting a fortune) vs. 예산 고갈 (Depletion of budget).
Depletion often causes a stoppage.
Jungdan is the act of stopping; Gogal is the reason (running out).
공사 중단 (Stopping construction) vs. 자금 고갈 (Depletion of funds).
Gogal's Hanja means 'dry.'
Geonjo is a physical state of being dry (like air or skin); Gogal is the exhaustion of a supply.
피부 건조 (Dry skin) vs. 우물 고갈 (Drying up of a well).
الگوهای جملهسازی
[Resource]이/가 고갈되다.
기름이 고갈되었다.
[Resource]이/가 고갈되어 [Result].
자금이 고갈되어 사업을 멈췄다.
[Cause]으로 인해 [Resource]이/가 고갈되다.
가뭄으로 인해 지하수가 고갈되었다.
[Resource]이/가 고갈될 위기에 처하다.
석유가 고갈될 위기에 처했다.
[Resource]이/가 고갈됨에 따라 [Result].
자원이 고갈됨에 따라 가격이 올랐다.
고갈된 [Resource]을/를 보충하다.
고갈된 체력을 보충해야 한다.
[Resource]의 고갈은 [Consequence]을/를 초래한다.
신뢰의 고갈은 공동체의 붕괴를 초래한다.
[Subject]은/는 [Object]을/를 고갈시킨다.
탐욕은 인간성을 고갈시킨다.
خانواده کلمه
اسمها
فعلها
صفتها
مرتبط
نحوه استفاده
High in news, academic writing, and formal discussions; low in casual daily conversation.
-
내가 고갈되었다.
→
내 체력이 고갈되었다.
You cannot be depleted; your resources (stamina, energy) are depleted.
-
자원을 고갈되다.
→
자원이 고갈되다.
-되다 verbs are intransitive and take the subject marker -이/가.
-
커피가 고갈됐어요.
→
커피를 다 마셨어요.
고갈되다 is too formal for a cup of coffee.
-
고갈된 비타민
→
결핍된 비타민
Use '결핍' for nutritional deficiencies; '고갈' is for resources running out.
-
고갈하다
→
고갈되다 / 고갈시키다
'고갈' cannot stand alone as a '하다' verb for 'to be depleted.' It must be '-되다'.
نکات
Choose the Right Subject
Only use 고갈되다 with things that have a 'source' like water, money, energy, or ideas. Don't use it for discrete items like apples or chairs.
Subject Marker Only
Remember that 고갈되다 is intransitive. Always use -이/가. Never use -을/를 with this specific verb form.
Save for Serious Matters
Using this word for small daily inconveniences can sound sarcastic or overly dramatic. Use it for big issues like climate change or career burnout.
Learn the Hanja
Knowing that '고' means 'wither' and '갈' means 'thirsty' will help you remember the deep sense of 'drying up' this word conveys.
Elevate Your Essays
In TOPIK writing, using '고갈되다' instead of '없어지다' will significantly improve your vocabulary score.
Dramatic Effect
If you want to emphasize how incredibly tired you are, say '체력이 완전히 고갈됐어요.' It sounds much stronger than '피곤해요.'
News Keywords
When you hear '고갈' on the news, pay attention to the year mentioned. They are usually predicting when a resource will run out.
Causative Form
Use '고갈시키다' when you want to blame someone for the depletion, e.g., '인간이 환경을 고갈시킨다.'
Visual Memory
Visualize a cracked desert floor whenever you hear '고갈.' It perfectly represents the meaning.
Not Just 'Empty'
'Empty' (비어 있다) is a state. '고갈되다' is the process of becoming empty because the source is gone.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
Think of a 'GOat' that is 'GAL-lopping' in a desert until it is 'DOE-ing' (done) and completely exhausted. 'GO-GAL-DOE-da'.
تداعی تصویری
Imagine a giant 'E' for empty on a gas gauge, but the gauge is actually a well with cracked earth at the bottom.
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Try to use '고갈되다' in a sentence about your phone battery or your bank account next time you talk to a Korean friend, even if it's a bit dramatic!
ریشه کلمه
The word comes from the Hanja 枯渴 (고갈). 枯 (고) means 'to wither' or 'to dry up' (like a plant). 渴 (갈) means 'to be thirsty' or 'to dry out' (like water).
معنای اصلی: Originally used to describe a well or a river that has completely dried up, leaving the land thirsty and parched.
Sino-Korean (Hanja-derived).بافت فرهنگی
None. This is a neutral, descriptive word, though it usually describes negative or critical situations.
In English, we often say 'I'm drained' or 'I'm fried.' 고갈되다 is more formal, like saying 'My reserves are depleted.'
تمرین در زندگی واقعی
موقعیتهای واقعی
Environmental Issues
- 지구 온난화와 자원 고갈
- 수자원이 고갈되다
- 화석 연료의 고갈
- 산림 자원이 고갈되다
Personal Energy/Burnout
- 정신적으로 고갈되다
- 체력이 고갈되다
- 창작의 샘이 고갈되다
- 열정이 고갈되다
Finance/Economics
- 예산이 고갈되다
- 자금이 고갈되다
- 외환 보유고 고갈
- 연금 재정 고갈
Conflict/Patience
- 인내심이 고갈되다
- 대화 소재가 고갈되다
- 논리가 고갈되다
- 수단이 고갈되다
Scientific Reports
- 원료가 고갈되다
- 성분이 고갈되다
- 에너지가 고갈된 상태
- 고갈 속도가 빠르다
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
"최근에 체력이 고갈되었다고 느낀 적이 있나요? (Have you felt your stamina was depleted lately?)"
"지구의 자원이 고갈되는 문제를 어떻게 해결해야 할까요? (How should we solve the problem of Earth's resources being depleted?)"
"작가들이 아이디어가 고갈되었을 때 무엇을 하면 좋을까요? (What should writers do when their ideas are depleted?)"
"우리나라의 연금이 고갈될 것이라는 뉴스에 대해 어떻게 생각하세요? (What do you think about the news that the national pension will be depleted?)"
"스트레스 때문에 인내심이 고갈된 적이 있나요? (Have you ever had your patience depleted because of stress?)"
موضوعات نگارش
오늘 나의 에너지는 몇 퍼센트인가요? 고갈되었다면 그 이유는 무엇인가요? (What percentage is my energy today? If it's depleted, what is the reason?)
내가 만약 천연자원이 고갈된 세상에서 산다면 어떨지 상상해 보세요. (Imagine what it would be like if you lived in a world where natural resources were depleted.)
창의성이 고갈되었을 때 나만의 극복 방법은 무엇인가요? (What is my own way of overcoming when creativity is depleted?)
돈이 완전히 고갈되었던 경험이 있나요? 그때 어떻게 했나요? (Have you ever had an experience where money was completely depleted? What did you do then?)
인내심이 고갈되어 화를 냈던 순간에 대해 써 보세요. (Write about a moment when your patience was depleted and you got angry.)
سوالات متداول
10 سوالNot directly. You should say 'My energy is gogal-doeda' (내 에너지가 고갈되었다). Using it for a person sounds like you are a resource.
Yes, but it sounds very formal or dramatic. '배터리가 다 됐어' is more natural.
고갈 is formal (depletion); 바닥나다 is casual (to hit the floor/run out).
Yes, very often! It describes 'emotional burnout' (정서적 고갈).
Yes, the '-되다' makes it passive/state-based. The active version is '고갈시키다.'
You use the noun form: '석유 고갈' (seok-yu go-gal).
Usually, yes. It implies the source has dried up completely.
Very often, especially regarding 'cash flow' or 'budgets' (자금 고갈).
Yes, '시간이 고갈되다' is possible, though '시간이 다 되다' is more common.
'충만' (fullness) or '풍부' (abundance) are good opposites.
خودت رو بسنج 190 سوال
Write 'The water is depleted' in Korean.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write 'The money is gone (depleted)' in Korean.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write 'My energy is completely depleted' in Korean.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write 'The fuel is depleted' in Korean.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write 'Natural resources are being depleted' in Korean.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write 'The company's funds were depleted' in Korean.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write 'Excessive stress depletes one's stamina' in Korean using '고갈시키다'.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write 'The national pension is in danger of being depleted' in Korean.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write 'The writer suffered because their inspiration was depleted' in Korean.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write 'Indiscriminate fishing depletes fishery resources' in Korean.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write 'The depletion of trust leads to the collapse of society' in Korean.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write 'All available means have been depleted' in Korean.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write 'Time has run out' in Korean using '고갈'.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write 'My patience is depleted' in Korean.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write 'The river water is depleted due to drought' in Korean.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write 'We must prevent resource depletion' in Korean.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write 'A society where creativity is depleted' in Korean.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write 'The academic passion was eventually depleted' in Korean.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write 'I feel mentally depleted' in Korean.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write 'The budget for the project has been depleted' in Korean.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Say 'Water is depleted' in Korean.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'Money is gone' in Korean.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'My stamina is depleted' in Korean.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'The fuel is running out' in Korean.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'Resources are being depleted' in Korean.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'My patience has run out' in Korean.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'The budget is depleted' in Korean.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'We must prevent depletion' in Korean.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'My creative inspiration is depleted' in Korean.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'I am suffering from emotional depletion' in Korean.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'Universal energy will eventually be depleted' in Korean.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'Trust within the community has been depleted' in Korean.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'Time is out' in Korean using '고갈'.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'I have no ideas' in Korean using '고갈'.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'The river dried up' in Korean using '고갈'.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'Oil is running out' in Korean.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'Fishery resources are in danger' in Korean using '고갈'.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'The source of art has dried up' in Korean using '고갈'.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'I need a rest because my energy is depleted' in Korean.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'Pollution depletes the environment' in Korean.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Listen to: '돈이 고갈됐어요.' What is the speaker talking about?
Listen to: '체력이 고갈되었어요.' How does the speaker feel?
Listen to: '자원이 고갈되고 있습니다.' Is this a current process?
Listen to: '자금 고갈로 인해 회사가 문을 닫았습니다.' Why did the company close?
Listen to: '그는 정서적 고갈 상태입니다.' What state is he in?
Listen to: '신뢰의 고갈이 가장 큰 문제입니다.' What is the biggest problem?
Listen to: '물이 고갈됐어요.' What should you look for?
Listen to: '연료 고갈 주의.' What is the warning about?
Listen to: '인내심이 고갈되었나요?' What is the speaker asking?
Listen to: '국민연금은 언제 고갈되나요?' What is the question about?
Listen to: '아이디어가 고갈되어 힘들어요.' What is the struggle?
Listen to: '가용 수단이 모두 고갈되었습니다.' Are there any options left?
Listen to: '강물이 완전히 고갈되었습니다.' How much water is left?
Listen to: '에너지 고갈을 막아야 합니다.' What is the action needed?
Listen to: '영감이 고갈된 화가.' Who is being described?
/ 190 درست
نمره کامل!
Summary
고갈되다 is the 'heavyweight' word for running out of something. Use it when the loss is serious or systemic, like '자원이 고갈되다' (resources are depleted) or '체력이 고갈되다' (stamina is exhausted).
- A formal verb meaning to be completely depleted or dried up.
- Commonly used for natural resources (oil, water) and finances (funds).
- Also used metaphorically for mental energy, creativity, and patience.
- Functions as an intransitive verb with the subject marker -이/가.
Choose the Right Subject
Only use 고갈되다 with things that have a 'source' like water, money, energy, or ideas. Don't use it for discrete items like apples or chairs.
Subject Marker Only
Remember that 고갈되다 is intransitive. Always use -이/가. Never use -을/를 with this specific verb form.
Save for Serious Matters
Using this word for small daily inconveniences can sound sarcastic or overly dramatic. Use it for big issues like climate change or career burnout.
Learn the Hanja
Knowing that '고' means 'wither' and '갈' means 'thirsty' will help you remember the deep sense of 'drying up' this word conveys.
مثال
석유 자원이 머지않아 고갈될 위기에 처했다.
محتوای مرتبط
واژههای بیشتر environment
풍부하다
B1To be abundant or plentiful. Having a large quantity of something, especially resources, knowledge, or experience.
집적되다
B2انباشته شدن یا متمرکز شدن در یک مکان. در متون آکادمیک برای توصیف تمرکز جمعیت، ثروت یا آلایندهها استفاده میشود.
적응
B1فرایند سازگاری با شرایط، محیطها یا موقعیتهای جدید.
농업
B1کشاورزی یکی از مهمترین بخشهای اقتصاد است.
대기오염
B2آلودگی هوا باعث بیماریهای ریوی میشود.
인위적
B2این دریاچه مصنوعی است و توسط انسان ساخته شده است.
대기
B1جو پوششی از گازها است که زمین یا سیاره دیگری را احاطه کرده است.
수용력
B2ظرفیت پذیرش یا گنجایش یک فضا یا سیستم. 'ظرفیت پذیرش این بیمارستان تکمیل شده است.'
이산화탄소
B1دیاکسید کربن گازی بیرنگ است که از تنفس و سوختن تولید میشود.
탄소 배출
B2انتشار کربن به معنای آزاد شدن دیاکسید کربن در جو است. کاهش انتشار کربن برای مبارزه با گرمایش زمین ضروری است.
