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A2 verb 9 دقیقه مطالعه

논술하다

nonsulhada

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 논술하다 در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح 논술하다 in your Level:

At the A1 level, '논술하다' might be a bit challenging because it is a formal, academic word. However, you can think of it as a special kind of 'writing' (쓰다). While '쓰다' is used for everything like 'I write a name' or 'I write a letter,' '논술하다' is used when you write something long and serious for school, like an essay. You might not use it often yourself, but you might see it on a school sign or in a textbook. Think of it as 'writing your thoughts' in a very organized way. It's like building a house with words—you need a foundation, walls, and a roof, not just a pile of bricks.

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At the A2 level, you are starting to talk more about school and daily routines. You might have to write short paragraphs about your opinions. This is where '논술하다' starts to become useful. If your teacher asks you to write about why you like Korean food, and they want you to give three reasons, you are beginning to '논술하다'. It means 'to write an essay.' It’s a formal verb. You will mostly use it when talking about homework or tests. For example, 'I have to write an essay (논술해야 해요) for my Korean class.' It sounds more professional than just saying '쓰다'.

For B1 learners, '논술하다' is an important word for describing academic tasks. At this level, you are expected to handle more complex topics. '논술하다' is not just about writing; it's about 'discoursing' or 'arguing a point' in writing. When you use this word, you are showing that your writing has a logical structure (introduction, body, conclusion). You might use it to describe your university applications or a report you are writing at work. It often appears with the particle '~에 대하여' (about). For example, 'I wrote an essay about the environment' (환경에 대하여 논술했습니다).

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At the B2 level, you should use '논술하다' to distinguish between different types of writing. You understand that '논술' is a specific genre in Korea—the logical essay. You might use this verb to discuss social issues, political opinions, or academic theories. You should be comfortable using it in the 'plain form' (논술한다) which is used in formal writing. You also know that this verb is associated with 'critical thinking.' To '논술하다' effectively, you must analyze a problem and present a persuasive solution. It's a key verb for anyone planning to study at a Korean university.

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At the C1 level, '논술하다' is a fundamental part of your professional and academic vocabulary. You use it to describe the methodology of a paper or the way an author presents their thesis. You can distinguish it from '서술하다' (to describe/narrate) and '기술하다' (to record/describe factually). You might use it in sentences like, 'The author discourses on the limitations of modern democracy' (저자는 현대 민주주의의 한계에 대해 논술하고 있다). You understand the nuance that '논술' implies a subjective yet logical argument, whereas '기술' is objective.

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At the C2 level, '논술하다' is used with precision in high-level academic discourse, legal contexts, and philosophical debates. You understand its historical and cultural baggage in the Korean education system. You might use it to critique the 'Nonsul' exam system itself or to engage in complex literary analysis. You can use the verb in various grammatical constructions, such as nominalized forms or as part of complex clauses, to explain intricate logical flows. At this level, '논술하다' is not just a word you know; it's a tool you use to describe the highest form of human written expression.

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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

논술하다 در ۳۰ ثانیه

A formal verb meaning 'to write a logical essay' on a specific topic.
Primarily used in academic contexts like university exams (Nonsul-siheom).
Requires a structured argument, unlike general writing (sseuda).
Commonly paired with 'logically' (non-ri-jeok-euro) and 'systematically' (che-gye-jeok-euro).

The Korean verb 논술하다 (nonsul-hada) is a sophisticated term that translates most accurately to 'to write an essay' or 'to discourse in writing.' Unlike the general verb '쓰다' (to write), which can apply to anything from a grocery list to a text message, 논술하다 specifically refers to the act of composing a logical, structured piece of writing where an argument is presented and supported by evidence. In the Korean educational landscape, this word carries significant weight because it is the central action of the '논술 시험' (essay exam), a critical component of university entrance exams and civil service examinations. When you use this word, you are implying a high level of intellectual rigor and formal structure.

Academic Context: Students are often required to 논술하다 their thoughts on complex social issues during exams. It involves analyzing a prompt and providing a reasoned response.
Professional Usage: Researchers and scholars 논술하다 their findings in journals. It suggests a methodical explanation of theories or data.
Etymological Breakdown: The Hanja roots are '논' (論 - to discuss/argue) and '술' (述 - to state/narrate). Combined with '하다', it literally means 'to state an argument.'

그는 자신의 정치적 견해를 신문에 논술했다.

Translation: He wrote an essay in the newspaper expressing his political views.

In daily life, you might not use 논술하다 to describe writing a letter to a friend. Instead, you hear it in libraries, 'Hagwons' (private academies), and universities. It is a word of the 'intellectual sphere.' If someone asks you to 논술하세요, they aren't just asking for your opinion; they are asking for a structured, logical defense of that opinion. This distinction is vital for learners who want to sound natural. Using 논술하다 in a casual setting might sound overly formal or even slightly pretentious, depending on the audience. However, in an academic setting, using '쓰다' instead of 논술하다 might make your speech sound overly simplistic. Mastery of this word demonstrates an understanding of Korean social hierarchies and the value placed on formal education.

환경 오염의 심각성에 대해 논술하는 것이 오늘의 과제입니다.

Translation: Today's assignment is to write an essay on the seriousness of environmental pollution.

Furthermore, the word is often associated with the 'Suneung' (College Scholastic Ability Test) culture in Korea. Many students spend years in 'Nonsul Hagwons' learning how to 논술하다 effectively. This involves learning specific structures: introduction (서론), body (본론), and conclusion (결론). Therefore, when a Korean speaker hears this word, they often visualize a student hunched over a desk, frantically writing on squared paper (won-go-ji) under intense pressure. It is a word imbued with the spirit of academic struggle and achievement.

시험 시간에 맞춰 논리적으로 논술하기가 쉽지 않다.

Translation: It is not easy to write an essay logically within the exam time.

Using 논술하다 correctly requires an understanding of both grammar and register. As a '하다' verb, it follows standard conjugation patterns, but because of its formal nature, it is most frequently encountered in the '하십시오체' (formal polite) or '해라체' (plain/written) forms. In spoken conversation, you might use '논술해요', but in the context of an actual essay or a news report, you will see '논술한다' or '논술하였다'.

Subject-Object Relationship: The object of 논술하다 is typically a '주제' (topic), '의견' (opinion), or '내용' (content). You use the object marker ~을/를. For example: '주제를 논술하다' (to write on a topic).
Adverbial Pairings: Common adverbs used with this verb include '논리적으로' (logically), '체계적으로' (systematically), and '설득력 있게' (persuasively).

학생들은 주어진 문제에 대해 자신의 생각을 논술해야 합니다.

Translation: Students must write an essay about their thoughts on the given problem.

One important grammatical aspect is the use of the connective particle '~에 대하여' (about/regarding). It is very common to say '[Topic]에 대하여 논술하다'. This mirrors the English 'to write an essay about [Topic]'. However, in very formal writing, you might see the topic marked simply with the object marker if the verb is being used to mean 'to describe the logic of'.

이 논문은 현대 사회의 양극화 현상을 논술하고 있다.

Translation: This paper is discoursing on the phenomenon of polarization in modern society.

When teaching others or explaining a concept, you can use the imperative form, though it's rare outside of exam instructions. '다음 주제에 대해 논술하시오' (Please write an essay on the following topic) is the standard phrasing on a test paper. The suffix '-시오' is a formal imperative used in written instructions, perfectly matching the formal tone of 논술하다.

자신의 장점과 단점을 논술해 보세요.

Translation: Please try writing an essay about your strengths and weaknesses.

In summary, using 논술하다 involves more than just putting pen to paper. It involves a commitment to logical structure. Sentences using this verb should ideally reflect that same level of clarity. Whether you are discussing a student's performance or describing the contents of a philosophical treatise, 논술하다 serves as the bridge between simple writing and formal discourse.

If you are walking down the streets of Seoul, particularly in neighborhoods like Daechi-dong (famed for its education centers), you will see the word 논술 (nonsul) everywhere on signs. You hear the verb 논술하다 in specific high-stakes environments. It is not a 'coffee shop' word; it is a 'classroom and courtroom' word.

Education Centers (Hagwons): Teachers will say, "오늘은 서론을 어떻게 논술하는지 배울 거예요" (Today we will learn how to write the introduction of an essay).
University Lectures: Professors often use it when describing the requirements for a term paper or a final exam. "기말고사에서는 배운 내용을 바탕으로 논술해야 합니다" (In the final exam, you must write an essay based on what you've learned).

그 학원은 논술하는 법을 전문적으로 가르친다.

Translation: That academy professionally teaches how to write essays.

You will also hear this word in news broadcasts regarding the 'Dae-입' (University Admissions). Reporters might discuss how the 'Nonsul' portion of the exam has become more difficult, or how students are struggling to 논술하다 within the allotted time. In this context, the word is synonymous with academic pressure and the competitive nature of Korean society. It's a word that evokes a sense of seriousness and focus.

많은 수험생들이 대학별 고사에서 논술하기 위해 줄을 섰다.

Translation: Many examinees lined up to take the essay writing portion of the university-specific exams.

Beyond education, you might encounter 논술하다 in literature or high-level journalism. An editorial might '논술하다' the reasons for a certain economic policy. Here, it conveys a sense of authority. The writer isn't just giving an opinion; they are providing a reasoned, written discourse. Listening for this word in news podcasts or reading it in editorials is a great way for intermediate learners to transition into advanced Korean. It signals that the content is moving away from everyday anecdotes and into the realm of structured ideas and societal critique.

이 책은 정의란 무엇인가에 대해 깊이 있게 논술하고 있다.

Translation: This book discourses in depth about what justice is.

The most common mistake learners make with 논술하다 is using it too broadly. Because it translates to 'to write an essay,' English speakers often use it for any school writing assignment, including creative writing or simple reports. However, 논술하다 requires a '논' (argument). If you are writing a story about your dog, you are '쓰다' (writing) or '창작하다' (creating), not 논술하다.

Mistake 1: Confusing with '쓰다' (sseuda): Incorrect: "친구에게 편지를 논술했어요." (I wrote an essay letter to my friend.) Correct: "편지를 썼어요." 논술하다 is for formal, argumentative pieces.
Mistake 2: Confusing with '설명하다' (seol-myeong-hada): While both involve explaining, 설명하다 is general and often oral. 논술하다 is strictly written and argumentative.

일기를 논술하는 사람은 거의 없다.

Translation: Almost no one writes an essay-style diary entry (unless it's an argumentative diary).

Another mistake involves the level of formality. Since 논술하다 is a high-level academic term, using it with very casual endings like '~어/아' in a casual conversation can sound mismatched. For example, saying "나 지금 논술해" to a friend sounds a bit stiff. It's better to say "나 지금 논술 숙제 해" (I'm doing my essay homework).

Learners also sometimes struggle with the particle usage. They might say '주제에 논술하다' instead of '주제에 대하여 논술하다'. While the former might be understood, the latter is the standard grammatical construction. Precision in particle usage is key to maintaining the formal tone that 논술하다 demands. Finally, ensure you don't confuse it with '기술하다' (to describe/record). '기술하다' is more about factual recording, whereas 논술하다 is about logical persuasion.

사실을 단순히 기술하는 것과 자신의 의견을 논술하는 것은 다르다.

Translation: Simply describing facts and writing an essay on your opinion are different.

Korean has many verbs related to writing and expressing ideas. Choosing the right one depends on the context and the specific type of writing you are doing. While 논술하다 is for logical essays, here are some alternatives you might encounter.

작문하다 (Jakmun-hada): This means 'to compose' or 'to do composition.' It's often used in language learning contexts (e.g., 'English composition'). It's broader than 논술하다 and can include creative writing.
서술하다 (Seosul-hada): This means 'to narrate' or 'to describe in detail.' It is often used in exam questions asking you to 'describe' a process or a phenomenon without necessarily needing a persuasive argument.
기술하다 (Gisul-hada): This means 'to record' or 'to describe' technically or factually. It's common in scientific or historical writing where objective reporting is required.

그는 사건의 경위를 자세히 서술했다.

Translation: He described the details of the incident in depth.

If you want to say 'to state one's opinion,' you could use '주장하다' (to insist/claim) or '피력하다' (to express/voice). 논술하다 is the specific act of doing this through a structured written medium. In a debate, you would '주장하다', but in an exam, you would '논술하다'.

자신의 주장을 논리적으로 논술하는 연습이 필요하다.

Translation: It is necessary to practice writing an essay that logically states one's claim.

For learners at the A2 level, you might mostly use '쓰다'. As you reach B1 and B2, you should start integrating 논술하다 when talking about school assignments or formal tests. By the C1 level, you should be able to distinguish between '논술하다', '서술하다', and '기술하다' with ease, using each to precisely describe the nature of a text.

이 보고서는 실험 결과를 기술하고 결론을 논술한다.

Translation: This report describes (records) the experiment results and discourses on (argues) the conclusion.

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

The '술' (述) in '논술' is the same '술' found in '기술' (technology/description) and '예술' (art), hinting at the 'craft' aspect of writing.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /nunsulɦada/

US /nunsulhɑdɑ/

The primary stress is on the second syllable '술' (sul).

هم‌قافیه با

서술하다 (seosulhada) 기술하다 (gisulhada) 진술하다 (jinsulhada) 상술하다 (sangsulhada) 약술하다 (yaksulhada) 부술하다 (busulhada) 구술하다 (gusulhada) 전술하다 (jeonsulhada)

خطاهای رایج

Pronouncing '논' as '눈' (nun - eye/snow).
Making the 'l' in 'sul' too heavy like an English 'l'.
Dropping the 'h' completely in 'hada', though it is naturally weakened.
Vowel length: '논' should be slightly longer in some dialects, but standard Korean is neutral.
Misplacing the stress on the first syllable.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 4/5

Common in formal texts but requires Hanja knowledge for deep understanding.

نوشتن 5/5

Actually '논술하다'-ing is difficult even for native speakers due to logic requirements.

صحبت کردن 3/5

The word itself is easy to say, but hard to use naturally in conversation.

گوش دادن 3/5

Clear pronunciation, but usually found in formal audio contexts.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

쓰다 생각 말하다 학교 공부

بعداً یاد بگیرید

서술하다 기술하다 논리적 근거 주장

پیشرفته

변증법 해체주의 담론 정당성 타당성

گرامر لازم

~에 대하여 (About)

환경 보호에 대하여 논술하다.

~기 위해서 (In order to)

논술하기 위해서 책을 읽었다.

~하는 법 (How to)

논술하는 법을 배웠다.

~라고 하다 (Quoting)

인간은 존엄하다고 논술했다.

~형용사 + 게 (Adverbial)

논리적이게 논술하다.

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

저는 학교에서 글을 논술해요.

I write an essay at school.

Simple present tense polite form (~해요).

선생님이 논술하라고 했어요.

The teacher told me to write an essay.

Indirect command (~하라고 하다).

논술하기는 재미있어요.

Writing an essay is fun.

Nominalized form (~하기) used as a subject.

어제 집에서 논술했어요.

I wrote an essay at home yesterday.

Past tense polite form (~했어요).

이 주제로 논술하세요.

Please write an essay on this topic.

Formal polite imperative (~하세요).

논술하고 싶어요.

I want to write an essay.

Expressing desire (~하고 싶다).

누가 논술해요?

Who is writing the essay?

Interrogative sentence with '누가' (who).

컴퓨터로 논술해요.

I write the essay using a computer.

Instrumental particle (~로) meaning 'by means of'.

내일은 논술하는 날이에요.

Tomorrow is essay-writing day.

Noun-modifying form (~하는).

주제를 잘 논술해야 해요.

You must write about the topic well.

Expressing obligation (~해야 하다).

어떻게 논술하는지 알아요?

Do you know how to write an essay?

Indirect question (~는지 알다).

저는 논술하기를 좋아해요.

I like writing essays.

Object of the verb '좋아하다'.

연필로 논술해도 돼요?

Can I write the essay with a pencil?

Asking for permission (~해도 되다).

논술하기 전에 생각을 하세요.

Think before you write the essay.

Time connective (~기 전에).

어려운 주제를 논술했어요.

I wrote an essay on a difficult topic.

Adjective modifying the noun '주제'.

친구와 함께 논술했어요.

I wrote an essay together with a friend.

Comitative particle (~와 함께).

자신의 의견을 논리적으로 논술하세요.

Write an essay stating your opinion logically.

Adverbial use of '논리적으로'.

환경 문제에 대해 논술해 보았습니다.

I tried writing an essay about environmental issues.

Attempting an action (~해 보다).

논술할 때 서론이 중요합니다.

When writing an essay, the introduction is important.

Time connective (~할 때).

이 책은 사회 현상을 논술하고 있다.

This book is discoursing on social phenomena.

Continuous aspect (~고 있다).

논술하는 법을 배우고 싶습니다.

I want to learn how to write essays.

Noun-modifying form (~하는 법).

시험에서 세 가지 주제를 논술했습니다.

I wrote essays on three topics in the exam.

Counter for topics (~가지).

그는 자기 생각을 명확하게 논술했다.

He wrote his thoughts clearly in an essay.

Plain past tense (~했다).

논술하기 위해서 자료를 찾았어요.

I looked for materials in order to write the essay.

Expressing purpose (~하기 위해서).

제시문을 읽고 자신의 견해를 논술하시오.

Read the provided text and write an essay on your view.

Written formal imperative (~하시오).

그 학자는 철학적 원리를 깊이 있게 논술하였다.

The scholar discoursed in depth on philosophical principles.

Formal past tense (~하였다).

논술하는 과정에서 논리적 오류가 발견되었다.

A logical error was found in the process of writing the essay.

Passive voice (발견되었다).

다양한 관점에서 문제를 논술할 필요가 있다.

There is a need to write an essay on the problem from various perspectives.

Expressing necessity (~할 필요가 있다).

그는 신문 칼럼을 통해 시사 이슈를 논술한다.

He discourses on current issues through a newspaper column.

Plain present tense (~한다).

체계적으로 논술하기 위해 개요를 짰다.

I made an outline to write the essay systematically.

Adverbial use of '체계적으로'.

논술하는 실력을 키우는 것이 목표입니다.

My goal is to develop my essay-writing skills.

Nominalized clause as a subject.

그 보고서는 경제 위기의 원인을 논술하고 있다.

The report is discoursing on the causes of the economic crisis.

Object of '논술하고 있다'.

본 논문은 근대 문학의 변천사를 논술하고자 한다.

This paper intends to discourse on the history of modern literature's transition.

Intention in formal writing (~하고자 한다).

그는 인간의 본성에 대해 심도 있게 논술해 왔다.

He has been discoursing deeply on human nature.

Continuing action from the past (~해 오다).

논리적 일관성을 유지하며 논술하는 것이 관건이다.

The key is to write the essay while maintaining logical consistency.

Connective expressing 'while' (~하며).

비판적 시각으로 사회 구조의 모순을 논술했다.

He discoursed on the contradictions of social structure from a critical perspective.

Adverbial phrase '비판적 시각으로'.

해당 이론의 타당성을 다각도로 논술할 수 있다.

The validity of the theory can be discoursed upon from multiple angles.

Potentiality (~할 수 있다).

그는 자신의 철학 체계를 방대한 분량으로 논술했다.

He discoursed on his philosophical system in a massive volume.

Adverbial phrase '방대한 분량으로'.

논술하는 내용이 주제에서 벗어나지 않도록 주의하라.

Be careful that the content of your essay does not deviate from the topic.

Imperative in instructions (~하라).

역사적 사실을 바탕으로 현재의 상황을 논술하였다.

He discoursed on the current situation based on historical facts.

Basis of action (~을 바탕으로).

저자는 포스트모더니즘의 해체주의적 속성을 치밀하게 논술한다.

The author meticulously discourses on the deconstructive attributes of postmodernism.

Sophisticated vocabulary (해체주의적, 치밀하게).

인간 소외 현상의 근원을 실존주의적 관점에서 논술하였다.

The root of the human alienation phenomenon was discoursed upon from an existentialist perspective.

Passive-like active construction with abstract subject.

그의 저작은 정의의 개념을 재정의하며 윤리적 가치를 논술한다.

His work redefines the concept of justice and discourses on ethical values.

Simultaneous actions (~하며).

담론의 형성과 전개 과정을 변증법적으로 논술하고 있다.

He is discoursing on the formation and development of discourse dialectically.

Academic adverb '변증법적으로'.

언어와 사고의 상관관계를 다각적 논리로 논술해 나갔다.

He proceeded to discourse on the correlation between language and thought with multi-faceted logic.

Progressive action (~해 나가다).

사회적 합의의 필요성을 공론화하며 대안을 논술하였다.

He discoursed on alternatives while bringing the need for social consensus to public debate.

Causal/Simultaneous connective (~하며).

미학적 가치의 상대성을 역사적 사례를 들어 논술하였다.

He discoursed on the relativity of aesthetic values by citing historical examples.

Citing examples (~을 들어).

권력의 속성과 그 정당성에 대해 비판적으로 논술한 논문이다.

This is a paper that critically discourses on the nature of power and its legitimacy.

Noun-modifying past participle (~한).

ترکیب‌های رایج

논리적으로 논술하다

주제에 대해 논술하다

체계적으로 논술하다

자세히 논술하다

설득력 있게 논술하다

비판적으로 논술하다

창의적으로 논술하다

명확하게 논술하다

심도 있게 논술하다

간결하게 논술하다

عبارات رایج

논술 시험

— An essay-based examination common in Korea.

내일 논술 시험이 있어서 공부해야 해요.

논술 전형

— A university admission track based on essay scores.

그는 논술 전형으로 대학에 합격했다.

논술 학원

— A private academy that teaches essay writing.

방학 동안 논술 학원에 다닐 거예요.

논술 문제

— The prompt or question for an essay.

이번 논술 문제는 꽤 까다로웠다.

논술 능력

— The ability to write logical essays.

논술 능력을 키우기 위해 책을 많이 읽어야 한다.

논술 지도

— Essay writing guidance or tutoring.

선생님께 논술 지도를 받았다.

논술 답안지

— The answer sheet for an essay exam.

논술 답안지를 꽉 채워 썼다.

대입 논술

— University entrance essay exams.

대입 논술 준비로 눈코 뜰 새 없이 바쁘다.

통합 논술

— Integrated essay writing (combining subjects).

요즘은 통합 논술이 대세다.

논술 고사

— A formal essay examination.

논술 고사가 다음 주 토요일에 실시된다.

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

논술하다 vs 쓰다

쓰다 is general; 논술하다 is specifically for structured essays.

논술하다 vs 말하다

말하다 is oral; 논술하다 is strictly written.

논술하다 vs 토론하다

토론하다 is to debate/discuss orally; 논술하다 is to do it in writing.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"논술의 달인"

— A master of essay writing.

그는 논술의 달인이라 불릴 만큼 글을 잘 쓴다.

Informal/Praising

"붓을 휘두르다"

— To write powerfully (often used for essays/articles).

그는 펜 대신 붓을 휘두르며 사회를 비판했다.

Literary

"일필휘지로 논술하다"

— To write an essay in one breath without stopping.

그는 막힘없이 일필휘지로 논술해 나갔다.

Literary

"뼈대를 세우다"

— To establish the structure of an essay.

논술하기 전에 먼저 뼈대를 세우는 것이 중요하다.

Common

"살을 붙이다"

— To add details to an essay's structure.

개요에 살을 붙여서 논술을 완성했다.

Common

"앞뒤가 맞다"

— To be logically consistent (crucial for 논술하다).

논술한 내용이 앞뒤가 맞아야 설득력이 있다.

Common

"맥을 잡다"

— To get the main point of the topic before writing.

주제의 맥을 잡아야 제대로 논술할 수 있다.

Common

"글을 다듬다"

— To polish or edit the essay.

논술한 후에 문장을 다듬는 시간이 필요하다.

Common

"결론을 맺다"

— To conclude the essay.

마지막으로 자신의 의견을 강조하며 결론을 맺었다.

Common

"화두를 던지다"

— To throw out a topic or theme to discuss in an essay.

서론에서 독자에게 생각할 화두를 던졌다.

Literary

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

논술하다 vs 서술하다

Both involve writing in detail.

서술하다 focus on description/narration; 논술하다 focus on logical argument.

사건을 서술하다 vs. 의견을 논술하다.

논술하다 vs 기술하다

Both are formal writing terms.

기술하다 is for objective facts/records; 논술하다 is for subjective logic/opinions.

실험을 기술하다 vs. 가치를 논술하다.

논술하다 vs 진술하다

Both involve stating something.

진술하다 is often used in legal/formal statements; 논술하다 is for academic essays.

증언을 진술하다 vs. 주제를 논술하다.

논술하다 vs 작문하다

Both mean 'to write'.

작문하다 is composition in general; 논술하다 is a specific argumentative genre.

영어 작문 vs. 대입 논술.

논술하다 vs 상술하다

Both involve detailed writing.

상술하다 means 'to explain in detail' (elaborate); 논술하다 means 'to discourse logically'.

내용을 상술하다 vs. 주장을 논술하다.

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

저는 [주제]에 대해 논술해요.

저는 취미에 대해 논술해요.

[주제]를 논리적으로 논술해야 합니다.

자신의 꿈을 논리적으로 논술해야 합니다.

어떻게 [주제]를 논술하는지 알아요?

어떻게 이 문제를 논술하는지 알아요?

[주제]에 대하여 자신의 견해를 논술하시오.

안락사에 대하여 자신의 견해를 논술하시오.

[사람]은 [주제]를 심도 있게 논술했다.

그 작가는 인간의 욕망을 심도 있게 논술했다.

본 논문은 [주제]의 타당성을 논술하고자 한다.

본 논문은 신재생 에너지의 타당성을 논술하고자 한다.

[주제]를 다각도로 논술하는 것이 중요하다.

역사적 사건을 다각도로 논술하는 것이 중요하다.

[주제]에 대한 비판적 논술을 전개해 나갔다.

자본주의의 모순에 대한 비판적 논술을 전개해 나갔다.

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

논술 Essay; discourse.

논술문 An essay text.

논술가 An essayist.

فعل‌ها

논술하다 To write an essay.

논술되다 To be written as an essay (passive).

مرتبط

논리 (logic)

서술 (description)

문장 (sentence)

주제 (topic)

근거 (evidence)

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نحوه استفاده

frequency

High in academic/educational settings, low in daily casual speech.

اشتباهات رایج

Using it for casual writing. → 편지를 쓰다 (Write a letter).
논술하다 is too formal for personal notes.
Spelling it as '논설하다'. → 논술하다.
'논설' means 'editorial', while '논술' is the act of writing the essay.
Using the wrong particle: '주제로 논술하다'. → 주제에 대해 논술하다.
'About' is more natural than 'with' in this context.
Using it for short answers. → 답하다 (To answer).
논술하다 implies a long-form, structured discourse.
Confusing it with '토론하다'. → 논술하다 (written) vs 토론하다 (spoken).
Don't use 논술하다 if you are talking about a verbal debate.

نکات

Object Marker Use

Always use ~을/를 for the topic you are writing about if you don't use ~에 대해.

The Power of Nonsul

In Korea, being good at '논술' is a sign of high intelligence and elite education.

Structure is Key

When you '논술하다', you must have a clear beginning, middle, and end.

Formal Contexts

Save this word for academic or professional discussions to sound natural.

Hanja Roots

Learning '논' and '술' separately will help you understand dozens of other words.

Time Management

In a '논술 시험', the biggest challenge is to '논술하다' within the time limit.

News Phrasing

Listen for '논술' to identify segments about education or social critiques.

Editorial Content

Read the 'Saseol' (editorial) section of Korean newspapers to see '논술하다' in action.

Logical Linking

Link '논술' with '논리' (logic) in your mind to remember its specific meaning.

Precision

Using this word instead of '쓰다' instantly elevates the level of your Korean.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of 'Non' as 'No nonsense' and 'Sul' as 'Soul'. You write with 'No nonsense' and put your 'Soul' (logical self) into the essay.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a student wearing a headband that says 'Success' while writing frantically on a piece of squared paper (Wongoji).

شبکه واژگان

논리 (Logic) 서론 (Intro) 본론 (Body) 결론 (Conclusion) 주장 (Claim) 근거 (Proof) 문단 (Paragraph) 어휘 (Vocab)

چالش

Try to write three sentences about why you like Korean, and call it your 'min-non-sul' (mini essay).

ریشه کلمه

From the Hanja '論' (discussion/theory) and '述' (to state/narrate).

معنای اصلی: To state a theory or discuss an idea through narration/writing.

Sino-Korean

بافت فرهنگی

Be careful not to sound too formal in casual settings. Using this word with friends might make you seem like you are 'lecturing' them.

Comparable to the 'SAT Essay' or 'AP English' compositions, but usually much more central to the overall admission score in Korea.

Dae-ip Nonsul (University Entrance Essay) Gwageo Siheom (Historical civil service exams) Nonsul Hagwon (Essay private academies)

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

University Entrance Exams

논술 전형
논술 시험
논술 답안지
대입 논술

Classroom Assignments

논술 숙제
주제에 대해 논술하다
논술 지도
글쓰기

Academic Research

논문에서 논술하다
이론을 논술하다
심도 있게 논술하다
학술적 논술

Journalism

칼럼에서 논술하다
시사 이슈 논술
비판적 논술
사설

Legal/Official Reports

사건 경위 논술
의견 논술
상세히 논술하다
공식 문서

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"이번 논술 시험 주제가 뭐였어요?"

"논술하는 게 너무 어려운데 팁 좀 줄 수 있어요?"

"한국 대학에 가려면 논술을 잘해야 하나요?"

"어떤 주제로 논술하는 것을 가장 좋아하세요?"

"논술 학원에 다녀본 적이 있어요?"

موضوعات نگارش

오늘 배운 '논술하다'라는 단어를 사용해서, 당신이 가장 관심 있는 사회 문제에 대해 짧게 논술해 보세요.

논술 시험을 본 적이 있나요? 그때의 기분이 어땠는지 논술해 보세요.

논리적으로 글을 쓰는 것이 왜 중요한지 당신의 생각을 논술해 보세요.

미래의 인공지능이 인간처럼 논술할 수 있을까요? 이에 대해 논술해 보세요.

좋은 논술이란 무엇인지 세 가지 근거를 들어 논술해 보세요.

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

No, it would sound very strange. Use '문자하다' or '쓰다' instead. 논술하다 is only for formal essays.

It is an essay-based exam used by Korean universities to evaluate a student's logical thinking and writing skills.

Mainly, but scholars, journalists, and professionals also use it when writing formal papers or editorials.

In English, 'essay' can be informal. In Korean, '논술' almost always implies a high-level, formal, argumentative structure.

論 (discuss) and 述 (state). It literally means to state an argument.

Yes, but often with slightly different stylistic preferences, though the core meaning remains the same.

Generally no. For stories or poems, use '창작하다' or '쓰다'.

'논리적으로' (logically) is by far the most common pairing.

Yes, '논술되다', meaning 'to be discoursed upon' or 'to be written as an essay'.

No, you just apply standard honorifics to the '하다' part, like '논술하십니다'.

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