B2 Particles 1 min read متوسط

Emphatic Particle (တော့)

علامت‌گذاری به عنوان یادگرفته
تمرین کن

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

တော့ (taw) marks a change in state, immediacy, or emphasis, often meaning 'now', 'about to', or 'anymore' in negatives.

  • Use with verbs to show an action is starting now: သွားတော့မယ် (I'm going now).
  • Use in negative sentences (မ...တော့ဘူး) to mean 'not anymore': မစားတော့ဘူး (I don't eat [it] anymore).
  • Use as a contrastive marker in 'if' clauses: မိုးရွာရင်တော့ မသွားဘူး (If it rains [specifically], I won't go).
Verb + တော့ + (Ending Particle)

Common 'Taw' Structures

Function Structure Example Meaning
Immediacy
Verb + တော့ + မယ်
လုပ်တော့မယ်
Starting to do it now
Cessation
မ + Verb + တော့ + ဘူး
မလုပ်တော့ဘူး
Not doing it anymore
Command
Verb + တော့
စားတော့
Eat now! (Imperative)
Contrast
Noun + တော့
ကျွန်တော်တော့
As for me...
Conditional
Verb + ရင် + တော့
လာရင်တော့
If (they) come (specifically)...
Finality
Verb + ပြီ + တော့
ပြီးပြီတော့
It's finished then.

Meanings

A versatile particle used to indicate that a situation has changed, is about to change, or to provide specific emphasis on a choice or condition.

1

Immediacy / Change of State

Indicates that an action is happening right now or is about to happen, often replacing a previous state of inaction.

“ထမင်းစားတော့မယ်။”

“သူ လာတော့မယ်။”

2

Cessation (Negative)

Used in the 'ma... taw bu' construction to indicate that an action or state has stopped and will not continue.

“ဆေးလိပ် မသောက်တော့ဘူး။”

“သူ့ကို မချစ်တော့ဘူး။”

3

Contrastive Emphasis

Highlights a specific noun or condition, often used in 'if' clauses to distinguish it from other possibilities.

“ဒီတစ်ခုတော့ ကြိုက်တယ်။”

“မနက်ဖြန်တော့ အားတယ်။”

Reference Table

Reference table for Emphatic Particle (တော့)
Form Structure Example
Affirmative Intent
Verb + တော့မယ်
ပြန်တော့မယ် (Going back now)
Negative Habit
မ + Verb + တော့ဘူး
မစားတော့ဘူး (Don't eat anymore)
Polite Command
Verb + တော့
ထိုင်တော့ (Please sit)
Topic Marker
Noun + တော့
ဒီနေ့တော့ (As for today...)
Sequential
Verb + ပြီးတော့
စားပြီးတော့ (After eating...)
Question
Verb + တော့မှာလား
သွားတော့မှာလား (Are you leaving now?)

طیف رسمیت

رسمی
ကျွန်တော် သွားတော့မည်။

ကျွန်တော် သွားတော့မည်။ (Leaving a location)

خنثی
ကျွန်တော် သွားတော့မယ်။

ကျွန်တော် သွားတော့မယ်။ (Leaving a location)

غیر رسمی
သွားတော့မယ်နော်။

သွားတော့မယ်နော်။ (Leaving a location)

عامیانه
သွားပြီဟေ့။

သွားပြီဟေ့။ (Leaving a location)

The Meanings of တော့

တော့ (taw)

Time

  • Now Immediacy
  • About to Future intent

Change

  • Not anymore Negative cessation
  • Starting New state

Focus

  • As for... Contrastive
  • Specifically Emphasis

တော့ (Taw) vs ပြီ (Pyi)

တော့ (Taw)
Starting now Focus on the transition
Negative: Anymore Change in habit
ပြီ (Pyi)
Already done Focus on completion
Negative: Not yet Pending action

مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

သွားတော့မယ်။

I'm going now.

2

စားတော့မယ်။

I'm going to eat now.

1

မသောက်တော့ဘူး။

I don't drink (it) anymore.

2

မလာတော့ဘူးလား။

Are you not coming anymore?

1

အလုပ် စတော့မယ်။

I'm about to start work.

2

သူ ပြန်လာတော့မယ်။

He is about to come back.

1

ဒီဟင်းကတော့ တကယ်စပ်တယ်။

As for this curry, it's really spicy.

2

ပိုက်ဆံရှိရင်တော့ ဝယ်ချင်တယ်။

If I had money [specifically], I'd want to buy it.

1

အခြေအနေကတော့ ဆိုးရွားနေဆဲပါပဲ။

As for the situation, it remains dire.

2

ဒါကတော့ ပြောရခက်ပါတယ်။

As for this, it is difficult to say.

1

ဤသို့ဖြင့် သူတို့ဘဝ ဇာတ်သိမ်းခဲ့ရလေတော့သည်။

And so, their life story thus came to an end.

2

သင်ကိုယ်တိုင် မကြိုးစားလျှင်တော့ မည်သူမျှ မကူညီနိုင်ပေ။

If you yourself do not strive, then indeed no one can help.

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

Emphatic Particle (တော့) در مقابل ပြီ (Pyi)

Both can translate to 'already' in English. Learners often use 'pyi' for everything.

Emphatic Particle (တော့) در مقابل ဦး (Oo)

Both are aspectual particles, but they work in opposite directions.

Emphatic Particle (တော့) در مقابل လဲ (Lay)

Both can be used for emphasis in informal speech.

اشتباهات رایج

✗

မသွားဘူးတော့

✓

မသွားတော့ဘူး

The negative particle 'bu' must always come last.
✗

သွားတော့

✓

သွားတော့မယ်

In affirmative statements of intent, you usually need the future marker 'mal'. 'Taw' alone sounds like a command.
✗

စားပြီတော့

✓

စားတော့မယ်

Confusing 'already' (pyi) with 'starting now' (taw).
✗

မစားပြီ

✓

မစားတော့ဘူး

You cannot use 'pyi' in a negative sentence to mean 'not anymore'.
✗

သူတော့လာမယ်

✓

သူကတော့လာမယ်

When emphasizing a subject, the subject marker 'ka' usually precedes 'တော့'.
✗

သွားတော့မယ်လား

✓

သွားတော့မှာလား

In questions with 'taw', 'mal' changes to 'mar'.
✗

မိုးရွာရင် မသွားတော့ဘူး

✓

မိုးရွာရင်တော့ မသွားဘူး

Placing 'taw' at the end of the sentence changes the meaning to 'not anymore' rather than 'if [specifically]'.
✗

ပြီးတော့စားမယ်

✓

စားပြီးတော့မှ

Using 'and then' (pyi-taw) incorrectly in complex sequences.
✗

ဒါတော့ မဟုတ်ဘူး

✓

ဒါကတော့ မဟုတ်ဘူး

Missing the 'ka' marker in formal contrastive statements.
✗

သူလာတော့သည်

✓

သူလာလေတော့သည်

In formal writing, 'taw' often requires the euphonic particle 'lay' before it.
✗

မသွားတော့ပေ

✓

မသွားတော့ပါ

Mixing formal negative markers incorrectly with emphatic particles.
✗

အဲဒါတော့မှ

✓

အဲဒါကျတော့မှ

Confusing 'taw' with 'kya-taw' (when it comes to...).

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

___ တော့မယ်။

မ ___ တော့ဘူး။

___ ကတော့ ___ တယ်။

Real World Usage

Texting / Social Media constant

အိပ်တော့မယ် (Gonna sleep now - Goodnight)

Job Interviews common

ကျွန်တော့်အရည်အချင်းကတော့... (As for my skills...)

Ordering Food very common

ဒါပဲတော့ (That's all [now])

Breaking Up occasional

မချစ်တော့ဘူး (I don't love you anymore)

🎯

The 'Social Exit' Rule

Always use 'taw' when you are about to leave. 'Thwa mal' sounds like a plan; 'Thwa taw mal' sounds like you are actually standing up to go.
⚠️

Negative Placement

In the negative 'not anymore' pattern, 'taw' MUST come before 'bu'. If you put it after, the sentence is ungrammatical.
💬

The 'Taw-Pyi' Phrase

When someone is pouring you a drink or giving you food, say 'Taw-pyi' to mean 'That's enough'. It's the most natural way to stop someone.

Smart Tips

Don't just say 'I'm going'. Add 'taw' to show you are transitioning from staying to leaving.

သွားမယ်။ (I will go.) → သွားတော့မယ်။ (I'm going now.)

Use 'ka-taw' for the second item to clearly mark the contrast.

ဒါက ဈေးကြီးတယ်။ ဟိုဟာက ဈေးချိုတယ်။ → ဒါက ဈေးကြီးတယ်။ ဟိုဟာကတော့ ဈေးချိုတယ်။

Always use the 'ma... taw bu' pattern to emphasize that the change is permanent.

မသောက်ဘူး။ (I don't drink.) → မသောက်တော့ဘူး။ (I don't drink anymore.)

تلفظ

tɔ̰ (taw)

Tonal Shift

The particle 'taw' is in the heavy tone (low and long). However, in fast speech, it can shorten slightly.

Emphatic Stress

ဒါတော့! (DA-taw!)

Heavy stress on the noun before 'taw' increases the contrastive effect.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Taw is the 'Turning' point: it turns an action into 'now' or 'no more'.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a light switch being flipped. Before the switch, you weren't doing it; after the 'taw' switch, you are starting or stopping immediately.

Rhyme

When the state is new, use 'taw' to show it's true.

Story

A man is sitting on a bench. He says 'I will go' (thwa mal). Then he stands up, grabs his hat, and says 'I am going NOW' (thwa taw mal). The 'taw' is the moment his feet hit the pavement.

شبکه واژگان

တော့မယ်မ...တော့ဘူးပြီးတော့ရင်တော့ဒါတော့

چالش

Try to say three things you are going to do 'now' (e.g., drink water, check phone) using the 'Verb + taw mal' pattern.

نکات فرهنگی

Using 'taw' when leaving is essential for politeness. Simply saying 'I will go' can sound like you are being forced to leave, whereas 'I am going now' (taw mal) implies the natural conclusion of a visit.

When you are full, saying 'Taw-pyi' (It is enough/done) uses the root of 'taw' to signal cessation. It is more polite than saying 'I don't want more'.

Derived from Old Burmese roots signifying 'to be suitable' or 'to be time for'.

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

“

နေကောင်းသွားပြီလား။ (Are you feeling better already?)

“

ဒီနေ့ ဘာလုပ်ဖို့ အစီအစဉ်ရှိလဲ။ (What plans do you have for today?)

“

ဒီဖုန်းနဲ့ ဟိုဖုန်း ဘယ်ဟာ ပိုကြိုက်လဲ။ (Between this phone and that phone, which do you prefer?)

موضوعات نگارش

Write about a habit you used to have but have quit. Use 'ma... taw bu' at least three times.
Describe your morning routine using 'taw mal' to show the sequence of actions starting.
Compare two cities you have visited. Use 'ka taw' to highlight the differences in food, weather, and people.

اشتباهات رایج

Incorrect

صحیح

Incorrect

صحیح

Incorrect

صحیح

Incorrect

صحیح

Test Yourself

Fill in the blank to say 'I am not eating anymore'.

ကျွန်တော် မစား ___ ဘူး။

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: တော့
'Taw' is used with 'ma... bu' to mean 'not anymore'.
Which sentence means 'As for me, I am going'? چند گزینه‌ای

Choose the correct contrastive sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ကျွန်တော်ကတော့ သွားမယ်။
'Ka-taw' is the topic marker used for contrast.
Correct the sentence: 'သူ မလာပြီဘူး' (He is not coming anymore). Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

သူ မလာပြီဘူး

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: သူ မလာတော့ဘူး
'Pyi' cannot be used in a negative sentence to mean 'anymore'; 'taw' is required.
Translate 'I'm going to sleep now' into Burmese. ترجمه

I'm going to sleep now.

Answer starts with: အိပ...

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: အိပ်တော့မယ်။
'Taw mal' indicates an action starting immediately.

Score: /4

تمرین‌های عملی

4 exercises
Fill in the blank to say 'I am not eating anymore'.

ကျွန်တော် မစား ___ ဘူး။

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: တော့
'Taw' is used with 'ma... bu' to mean 'not anymore'.
Which sentence means 'As for me, I am going'? چند گزینه‌ای

Choose the correct contrastive sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ကျွန်တော်ကတော့ သွားမယ်။
'Ka-taw' is the topic marker used for contrast.
Correct the sentence: 'သူ မလာပြီဘူး' (He is not coming anymore). Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

သူ မလာပြီဘူး

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: သူ မလာတော့ဘူး
'Pyi' cannot be used in a negative sentence to mean 'anymore'; 'taw' is required.
Translate 'I'm going to sleep now' into Burmese. ترجمه

I'm going to sleep now.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: အိပ်တော့မယ်။
'Taw mal' indicates an action starting immediately.

Score: /4

سوالات متداول (6)

Yes! `ပူတော့မယ်` (It's about to get hot) or `မလှတော့ဘူး` (It's not pretty anymore). It works just like it does with verbs.

`တော့` (taw) by itself is often a command or a topic marker. `တော့မယ်` (taw-mal) is the standard way to express your own immediate intent.

Use `မ...သေးဘူး` (ma... thay bu) for 'not yet' and `မ...တော့ဘူး` (ma... taw bu) for 'not anymore'.

Yes, but it often changes form to `တော့မည်` (taw-myi) instead of `တော့မယ်` (taw-mal).

It literally means 'It has become enough.' It's a polite way to tell the host you are full.

Not by itself, but when attached to `ရင်` (yin), it creates `ရင်တော့` (yin-taw), which means 'If [this specific thing] happens...'

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Japanese high

もう (mou) / は (wa)

Burmese 'taw' is strictly a post-positional particle, whereas 'mou' is an adverb.

Spanish moderate

ya

Spanish 'ya' can appear at the start of a sentence; 'taw' must follow the verb.

German moderate

schon / nicht mehr

German uses two different structures, while Burmese uses one particle for both.

French moderate

déjà / ne... plus

Burmese 'taw' is more integrated into the verb phrase than French adverbs.

Arabic low

لم يعد (lam ya'ud) / قد (qad)

Arabic uses complex verb conjugations; Burmese relies on the simple addition of 'taw'.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
Emphatic Particle (ပဲ)
Next
Emphatic Particle (ချည်း)

Related Grammar Rules

C1

The Particle (ကြသည်) for Plural/General Subjects
A2

The Particle (ပြီးပြီ) for Completed Actions
A2

The Particle (တော့) for Obligation
B1

The Particle (တဲ့) for Reporting Information
B2

The Particle (ပင်) for Strong Emphasis
Was this helpful?

نظرات (0)

برای نظر دادن وارد شوید
هنوز نظری وجود ندارد. اولین نفری باشید که افکار خود را به اشتراک می‌گذارد!