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A2 noun #1,000 پرکاربردترین 10 دقیقه مطالعه

irmãos

رتبه 1,000

At the A1 level, you learn 'irmãos' as part of basic family vocabulary. You should know that it means 'brothers' or 'siblings'. In Portuguese, if you have a brother and a sister, you use the masculine plural 'irmãos'. You will use this word to answer simple questions like 'Você tem irmãos?' (Do you have siblings?). You should also learn the possessive 'meus irmãos' (my siblings). At this stage, focus on the fact that the masculine plural covers both genders when they are mixed. This is a basic rule of the language that applies to many other words as well, like 'pais' (parents/fathers) and 'filhos' (children/sons). You should also practice the nasal sound of the '-ãos' ending, which is unique to Portuguese.

At the A2 level, you begin to use 'irmãos' in more descriptive sentences. You can talk about the age of your siblings using 'mais velho' (older) or 'mais novo' (younger). For example: 'Meu irmão mais velho é médico'. You also learn to use 'irmãos' with common verbs like 'morar' (to live) or 'trabalhar' (to work). You should be able to describe your family structure in more detail, including whether your siblings are married or have children. You will also encounter the word in simple stories and dialogues about daily life. Understanding the difference between 'irmãos' (siblings) and 'parentes' (relatives) is crucial at this level to avoid common translation errors from English.

At the B1 level, you explore the figurative and social uses of 'irmãos'. You might use it to describe close friends ('Ele é como um irmão para mim') or in religious contexts if you attend a service. You will also learn about 'meio-irmãos' (half-siblings) and 'irmãos adotivos' (adoptive siblings). Your grammar should be more precise, ensuring that all adjectives and articles agree with 'irmãos' in complex sentences. You can discuss sibling dynamics, such as 'conflitos entre irmãos' (conflicts between siblings) or 'apoio entre irmãos' (support between siblings). You will also start to notice the word in songs and more complex media, where it often signifies solidarity and shared identity.

At the B2 level, you can use 'irmãos' in abstract and formal discussions. You might talk about 'fraternidade' (brotherhood) in a political or philosophical sense. You are comfortable with the word in legal or administrative contexts, such as inheritance laws ('direitos dos irmãos'). You can also understand and use idiomatic expressions involving siblings. Your pronunciation of the nasal '-ãos' should be near-native, and you can distinguish it clearly from similar-sounding words. You can participate in debates about family structures in different cultures, using 'irmãos' to compare Lusophone family values with those of other regions. You also recognize the use of 'irmão' as a slang term in various dialects and can use it appropriately based on the social context.

At the C1 level, you have a nuanced understanding of 'irmãos' across all registers. You can appreciate its use in classical literature, such as the works of Machado de Assis or Eça de Queirós, where sibling relationships often serve as metaphors for broader social issues. You understand the historical evolution of the word from Latin and its cognates in other Romance languages. You can use the word in highly formal speeches or academic writing about sociology or psychology. You are also aware of regional variations in how siblings address each other across the Lusophone world, from the 'manos' of Brazil to the specific terminologies used in Angola or Mozambique. Your use of the word is instinctive and culturally grounded.

At the C2 level, your mastery of 'irmãos' is complete. You can use the word with total precision in any context, including complex legal jargon, poetic metaphors, and hyper-local slang. You can play with the word's meanings in creative writing or sophisticated humor. You understand the deepest cultural implications of 'irmandade' (brotherhood/sisterhood) in Portuguese-speaking societies and can articulate these nuances in high-level discourse. You can identify subtle shifts in meaning when the word is used in different historical periods or literary movements. For you, 'irmãos' is not just a vocabulary word, but a multifaceted concept that you can manipulate to express the finest shades of human relationship and social connection.

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

irmãos در ۳۰ ثانیه

Irmãos is the plural of irmão, meaning brothers or siblings in a mixed-gender group.
It follows the masculine-default rule common in Portuguese and other Romance languages.
The word is also used figuratively for close friends and members of religious communities.
The pluralization of irmão to irmãos is an exception to the common -ão to -ões rule.

The Portuguese word irmãos is a fundamental noun that every learner must master early in their journey. At its most basic level, it is the plural form of irmão (brother). However, its usage is significantly broader than the English word 'brothers' because Portuguese, like other Romance languages, employs the masculine plural to represent a mixed-gender group. Therefore, irmãos translates to both 'brothers' and 'siblings'. If you have two brothers, they are your irmãos. If you have one brother and one sister, they are also your irmãos. This linguistic economy is a hallmark of Portuguese grammar.

Grammatical Gender: The word is masculine plural. While 'irmãs' refers exclusively to a group of females, 'irmãos' is the default for any group containing at least one male, or for a group where the gender is unknown or generalized.

João e Maria são irmãos e sempre brincam juntos no parque aos domingos.

Beyond the biological family, the term carries heavy emotional and social weight. In Lusophone cultures, family ties are often the bedrock of social identity. Calling someone an irmão who is not biologically related signifies a deep, unbreakable bond of friendship or shared experience. This is common in military contexts, close-knit sports teams, or lifelong friendships.

Religious Context: In Christian communities, particularly within the Catholic and Evangelical traditions prevalent in Brazil and Portugal, 'irmãos' is used to address the congregation, emphasizing spiritual kinship.

Os irmãos da igreja organizaram uma doação de alimentos para a comunidade carente.

Furthermore, the word appears in legal and formal documents to describe heirs or related parties. Understanding irmãos requires recognizing that it is not just a label for a relationship, but a reflection of a worldview that prioritizes collective identity over individual gender distinctions in plural settings. Whether you are discussing your own family tree, participating in a religious service, or describing a deep friendship, irmãos is the essential bridge between individual connection and collective belonging. It is also important to note the pronunciation; the nasal 'ãos' ending is a classic Portuguese sound that requires the air to pass through both the nose and mouth, a phonetic feature that distinguishes the language from its neighbors like Spanish.

Using irmãos correctly involves understanding its placement in various syntactic structures and its interaction with possessive adjectives. In Portuguese, possessive adjectives must agree in gender and number with the noun they modify. Therefore, you will say meus irmãos (my siblings/brothers), seus irmãos (your siblings), or nossos irmãos (our siblings).

Possessive Agreement: Always use the masculine plural possessive. For example: 'Os meus irmãos moram em Lisboa' (My siblings live in Lisbon).

Quantos irmãos você tem na sua família?

When specifying the type of sibling relationship, Portuguese uses qualifiers. For instance, irmãos de sangue refers to biological siblings, while meio-irmãos refers to half-siblings. If you want to specify that the siblings are from the same father or same mother, you might say irmãos por parte de pai or irmãos por parte de mãe.

The 'Only Children' Contrast: If you have no siblings, you say 'Sou filho único' (male) or 'Sou filha única' (female). You would not say 'Não tenho irmãos' as frequently as 'Sou filho único' in a conversational context.

Apesar de serem irmãos gêmeos, eles têm personalidades completamente diferentes.

In more complex sentences, irmãos can function as the subject or the object. For example, 'Eu amo meus irmãos' (I love my siblings) or 'Os irmãos decidiram vender a casa dos pais' (The siblings decided to sell their parents' house). Notice that the definite article os is almost always used before the noun when talking about specific people. In Portuguese, omitting the article can make the sentence sound robotic or overly formal. Another interesting usage is the term irmãos de armas (brothers in arms), used to describe soldiers who fought together. This demonstrates the word's versatility in moving from biological reality to metaphorical solidarity. When you are writing, remember that the pluralization of irmão follows the rule for words ending in -ão that take -ãos, which is less common than the -ões or -ães endings found in words like corações or pães. Mastering this specific pluralization is a key indicator of an intermediate (A2/B1) level of proficiency.

You will encounter irmãos in a vast array of everyday situations, from the most casual street slang to the most solemn religious ceremonies. In Brazil, the word is often shortened to irmão in the singular to address a friend, similar to 'bro' or 'dude' in English. In the plural, you might hear a group of friends referred to as os irmãos.

Daily Conversation: At a family dinner, someone might ask: 'Onde estão os seus irmãos?' (Where are your siblings?). It is the standard way to refer to the collective group of children in a family.

E aí, irmãos, vamos jogar futebol hoje à tarde?

In the media, irmãos is frequently seen in the names of businesses, especially those that have been family-owned for generations. 'Irmãos Silva Ltda' is a typical business name you might see on a storefront in São Paulo or Porto. This reflects the tradition of siblings going into business together.

Literature and Arts: Classic literature often explores the dynamics between siblings. Machado de Assis, the giant of Brazilian literature, frequently wrote about family tensions where the word 'irmãos' carries themes of inheritance and rivalry.

Os irmãos Karamazov é uma tradução famosa que você encontrará em qualquer livraria brasileira.

In religious settings, specifically in Protestant/Evangelical churches which are very popular in Brazil, the term irmãos is the standard way to refer to fellow believers. You will hear 'A paz do Senhor, irmãos' (The peace of the Lord, brothers/sisters) as a common greeting. In this context, it transcends biological meaning and signifies a shared faith. On the news, you might hear about irmãos siameses (conjoined twins) or irmãos de caridade (brothers of charity). Even in politics, the term is used to invoke a sense of national unity, calling all citizens irmãos brasileiros. The word is so ubiquitous that it serves as a linguistic glue, binding together various levels of social intimacy and formal organization.

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make is assuming that irmãos only means 'brothers'. Because English has the gender-neutral word 'siblings', learners often look for a direct equivalent and get confused when they find that the masculine plural irmãos serves this purpose.

The Gender Trap: Avoid saying 'Eu tenho um irmão e uma irmã' every time. While grammatically correct, it is more natural to say 'Eu tenho dois irmãos' if the context of their gender isn't the primary focus of the conversation.

Errado: Eu tenho duas irmãs (when you have one brother and one sister). Correto: Eu tenho dois irmãos.

Another common error is the pronunciation of the nasal diphthong -ãos. Many English speakers pronounce it like 'ow' (as in 'now') or 'ons'. However, the Portuguese -ão is a nasal sound. To produce it, you must let air escape through your nose. If you mispronounce irmãos, it might sound like irmos (the verb 'to go' in the first person plural), which can lead to significant confusion in spoken conversation.

False Friends: Do not confuse 'irmãos' with 'parentes'. In Portuguese, 'parentes' means 'relatives' (uncles, cousins, etc.), not 'parents'. If you want to say 'parents', use 'pais'. If you want to say 'siblings', use 'irmãos'.

Meus irmãos e meus pais moram na mesma rua, mas meus parentes moram longe.

Furthermore, learners often forget the pluralization rule. While many words ending in -ão change to -ões (like nação to nações), irmão is one of the exceptions that simply adds an -s to become irmãos. Saying irmões is a very common mistake for beginners who are over-applying the general rule. Lastly, be careful with the word manos. While it means 'brothers' or 'siblings' in a very informal, slang-heavy context, using it in a formal setting or with people you don't know well can come across as unprofessional or overly familiar. Stick to irmãos until you are comfortable with the social nuances of Brazilian or Portuguese slang.

While irmãos is the standard term, Portuguese offers several alternatives depending on the level of formality and the specific relationship being described.

Manos: This is the most common informal alternative, especially in Brazil. It is the equivalent of 'bros' or 'siblings' in a casual family setting. Young people often use 'meu mano' to refer to a close friend.

Os manos estão chegando para o churrasco.

Another important distinction is between irmãos and primos (cousins). In some cultures, cousins are treated with the same level of intimacy as siblings, and you might hear someone say 'ele é como um irmão' about a cousin. However, linguistically, the distinction is clear.

Fraternidade: This is the abstract noun for 'brotherhood'. While 'irmãos' refers to the people, 'fraternidade' refers to the concept or the organization. You might hear this in political or philosophical discussions.

A fraternidade entre os povos é essencial para a paz mundial.

In legal contexts, you might see the term prole, which refers to offspring or the collective group of children, including siblings. However, this is strictly formal. For half-siblings, as mentioned before, meio-irmãos is the term, but in daily life, people usually just say irmãos unless the distinction is necessary for the story. There is also the term irmãos de leite (milk brothers), an older term referring to children who were nursed by the same woman but are not biologically related. While less common today, it still appears in literature and historical accounts. Understanding these alternatives allows you to navigate different social strata in the Portuguese-speaking world, from the 'manos' on the street to the 'fraternidade' of a formal speech. Each word carries a different 'flavor' and level of intimacy, but irmãos remains the versatile, safe, and most common choice for any learner.

چقدر رسمی است؟

رسمی

خنثی

غیر رسمی

Child friendly

عامیانه

نکته جالب

In many other Romance languages, the word for brother comes from 'frater' (e.g., French 'frère', Italian 'fratello'), but Portuguese and Spanish (hermano) chose 'germanus'.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /iɾˈmɐ̃ws/

US /iɾˈmãʊs/

The stress is on the last syllable, indicated by the tilde (~) over the 'a'.

هم‌قافیه با

mãos (hands) vãos (vain/empty) cristãos (christians) ãos (plural ending) grãos (grains) sãos (sane/healthy) cidadãos (citizens) cortesãos (courtiers)

خطاهای رایج

Pronouncing 'ãos' like 'ows' in 'cows' without nasality.
Pronouncing the 'r' too strongly like an English 'r'.
Confusing the nasal 'ão' with the oral 'ao'.
Stressing the first syllable 'ir' instead of 'mãos'.
Dropping the 's' at the end.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 1/5

Very easy to recognize in text.

نوشتن 3/5

The nasal ending 'ãos' can be tricky to remember and spell correctly.

صحبت کردن 4/5

The nasal diphthong is one of the hardest sounds for English speakers to master.

گوش دادن 2/5

Easy to hear, but can be confused with 'irmos' if not careful.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

irmão irmã família pai mãe

بعداً یاد بگیرید

primos tios avós sobrinhos enteados

پیشرفته

fraternidade consanguinidade primogenitura caçula irmandade

گرامر لازم

Masculine Plural as Default

Um irmão + uma irmã = dois irmãos.

Nasalization with Tilde

The '~' in 'irmãos' indicates a nasal sound.

Pluralization of -ão to -ãos

Irmão becomes irmãos (not irmões).

Possessive Agreement

Meus irmãos (masculine plural agreement).

Definite Article Usage

Os irmãos (articles are common before family nouns).

مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

Eu tenho dois irmãos.

I have two brothers/siblings.

Simple subject-verb-object structure.

Você tem irmãos?

Do you have siblings?

Interrogative sentence using the masculine plural.

Meus irmãos são altos.

My brothers/siblings are tall.

Adjective agreement with masculine plural noun.

Os irmãos brincam na sala.

The siblings play in the living room.

Use of the definite article 'os'.

Ela mora com os irmãos.

She lives with her brothers/siblings.

Preposition 'com' followed by the article and noun.

João e Paulo são irmãos.

João and Paulo are brothers.

Linking two subjects with the verb 'ser'.

Onde estão seus irmãos?

Where are your siblings?

Question word 'onde' with the verb 'estar'.

Nós somos três irmãos.

We are three siblings.

First person plural verb 'somos'.

Meus irmãos mais velhos moram no Brasil.

My older brothers/siblings live in Brazil.

Use of 'mais velhos' as a comparative adjective.

Eu gosto de viajar com meus irmãos.

I like to travel with my siblings.

Verb 'gostar' followed by 'de'.

Os irmãos dividem o mesmo quarto.

The siblings share the same room.

Present tense of the verb 'dividir'.

Eles são irmãos de sangue.

They are biological siblings.

Idiomatic expression 'de sangue'.

Meus irmãos trabalham na mesma empresa.

My siblings work at the same company.

Plural verb agreement.

Quantos irmãos você tem no total?

How many siblings do you have in total?

Use of 'quantos' for countable nouns.

Os irmãos decidiram comprar um presente para a mãe.

The siblings decided to buy a gift for their mother.

Past tense 'decidiram'.

Ela é a única menina entre quatro irmãos.

She is the only girl among four brothers.

Preposition 'entre' showing position/relation.

Apesar das brigas, os irmãos se amam muito.

Despite the fights, the siblings love each other very much.

Reflexive verb 'se amam'.

Eles cresceram como se fossem irmãos.

They grew up as if they were brothers.

Subjunctive mood 'fossem' after 'como se'.

Os irmãos herdaram a fazenda do avô.

The siblings inherited the grandfather's farm.

Past tense 'herdaram'.

É importante manter a união entre os irmãos.

It is important to maintain unity among siblings.

Impersonal expression 'é importante'.

Meus irmãos e eu fomos ao cinema ontem.

My siblings and I went to the cinema yesterday.

Compound subject with 'e eu' requiring first person plural verb.

Os irmãos gêmeos são idênticos.

The twin brothers are identical.

Adjective 'gêmeos' modifying 'irmãos'.

Ele trata todos os seus amigos como irmãos.

He treats all his friends like brothers.

Simile using 'como'.

Os irmãos se ajudaram durante a crise.

The siblings helped each other during the crisis.

Reciprocal use of the reflexive pronoun 'se'.

A rivalidade entre os irmãos é um tema comum na literatura.

Rivalry between siblings is a common theme in literature.

Abstract noun 'rivalidade' as the subject.

Os irmãos decidiram abrir mão da herança em favor da irmã mais nova.

The brothers decided to waive the inheritance in favor of the younger sister.

Phrasal verb 'abrir mão'.

Eles são irmãos por parte de pai, mas nunca se conheceram.

They are half-siblings on the father's side, but they never met.

Specific qualifier 'por parte de pai'.

A convivência entre irmãos exige paciência e diálogo.

Living together as siblings requires patience and dialogue.

Noun 'convivência' meaning 'coexistence'.

Os irmãos foram separados no nascimento e se reencontraram anos depois.

The siblings were separated at birth and reunited years later.

Passive voice 'foram separados'.

Muitos santos da igreja eram irmãos de ordem.

Many saints of the church were brothers of the same order.

Religious use of 'irmãos'.

Os irmãos Wright são famosos pela invenção do avião.

The Wright brothers are famous for the invention of the airplane.

Proper name usage.

Não importa o que aconteça, seremos sempre irmãos.

No matter what happens, we will always be brothers.

Future tense 'seremos'.

A complexa teia de relações entre os irmãos foi desvendada no testamento.

The complex web of relationships among the siblings was revealed in the will.

Metaphorical use of 'teia' (web).

Os irmãos, outrora inseparáveis, agora mal se falam.

The siblings, once inseparable, now hardly speak to each other.

Use of the adverb 'outrora' (formerly).

A solidariedade entre os irmãos de armas é inquebrantável.

The solidarity between brothers-in-arms is unbreakable.

Formal adjective 'inquebrantável'.

O autor explora a psique dos irmãos para ilustrar o declínio da família.

The author explores the psyche of the siblings to illustrate the family's decline.

Academic tone.

Os irmãos agiram em conluio para fraudar a empresa.

The brothers acted in collusion to defraud the company.

Legal/Formal term 'em conluio'.

A distinção entre irmãos germanos e unilaterais é fundamental no direito sucessório.

The distinction between full siblings and half-siblings is fundamental in inheritance law.

Technical legal terminology.

Apesar de serem irmãos de criação, o vínculo era mais forte que o de sangue.

Despite being foster siblings, the bond was stronger than that of blood.

Term 'irmãos de criação'.

Os irmãos personificam as duas faces da mesma moeda política.

The brothers personify the two sides of the same political coin.

Metaphorical expression.

A fratria, enquanto instituição, moldou a percepção de irmãos na Grécia Antiga.

The phratry, as an institution, shaped the perception of brothers in Ancient Greece.

Highly academic/sociological context.

A dialética entre os irmãos reflete as tensões intrínsecas à condição humana.

The dialectic between the siblings reflects the tensions intrinsic to the human condition.

Philosophical terminology.

Os irmãos, imersos em um atavismo familiar, não conseguiram romper o ciclo de violência.

The siblings, immersed in a familial atavism, could not break the cycle of violence.

Sophisticated vocabulary like 'atavismo'.

A obra disseca a ambivalência afetiva que caracteriza a relação entre irmãos.

The work dissects the affective ambivalence that characterizes the relationship between siblings.

Literary criticism style.

Os irmãos tornaram-se os arautos de uma nova era de cooperação transnacional.

The brothers became the heralds of a new era of transnational cooperation.

Poetic/Formal term 'arautos'.

A querela entre os irmãos extrapolou o âmbito privado, tornando-se um escândalo público.

The quarrel between the brothers went beyond the private sphere, becoming a public scandal.

Formal word 'querela' (dispute).

Subjacente à discórdia entre os irmãos, jazia um profundo sentimento de injustiça.

Underlying the discord between the brothers lay a deep sense of injustice.

Complex sentence structure with 'subjacente' and 'jazia'.

Os irmãos transcendem sua individualidade ao fundirem-se em um propósito comum.

The brothers transcend their individuality by merging into a common purpose.

Metaphysical/Abstract usage.

ترکیب‌های رایج

irmãos gêmeos

irmãos de sangue

irmãos mais velhos

irmãos mais novos

briga de irmãos

irmãos de armas

irmãos de fé

meio-irmãos

irmãos adotivos

irmãos siameses

عبارات رایج

Somos como irmãos.

Entre irmãos não se mete a colher.

Irmãos à obra.

Paz, irmãos.

Irmãos de alma.

Coisa de irmãos.

União de irmãos.

Irmãos inseparáveis.

Amor de irmãos.

Irmãos desunidos.

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

irmãos vs parentes

Parentes means relatives (uncles, cousins), while irmãos means siblings.

irmãos vs pais

Pais means parents, while irmãos means siblings.

irmãos vs irmos

Irmos is a form of the verb 'to go', while irmãos is the noun for siblings.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"Amigos, amigos, negócios à parte."

Keep friendship and business separate (often applied to siblings).

Vamos assinar o contrato; amigos, amigos, negócios à parte.

informal

"Sangue do meu sangue."

Refers to close family, especially siblings.

Eu faria tudo por ele, é sangue do meu sangue.

neutral

"Carne e unha."

Inseparable, like siblings who are very close.

Aqueles dois irmãos são carne e unha.

informal

"Bater de frente."

To clash or argue, common among siblings.

Os irmãos batem de frente o tempo todo.

informal

"Dar o sangue."

To work very hard for one's family/siblings.

Ele deu o sangue para sustentar os irmãos.

informal

"Lavar a roupa suja."

To settle disputes, often used for family/sibling arguments.

Os irmãos precisam lavar a roupa suja em casa.

informal

"Falar a mesma língua."

To agree or understand each other perfectly.

Ainda bem que os irmãos falam a mesma língua sobre a herança.

neutral

"Pôr a mão no fogo."

To trust someone completely (like a brother).

Eu ponho a mão no fogo pelos meus irmãos.

informal

"Custar os olhos da cara."

To be very expensive (often said about raising many siblings).

Criar cinco irmãos custou os olhos da cara para os pais.

informal

"Estar no mesmo barco."

To be in the same situation, like siblings facing a problem.

Não briguem, vocês dois irmãos estão no mesmo barco.

neutral

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

irmãos vs irmãs

Both refer to siblings.

Irmãs is only for females; irmãos is for males or mixed groups.

Tenho duas irmãs (only girls). Tenho dois irmãos (could be mixed).

irmãos vs manos

Both mean brothers.

Manos is very informal/slang; irmãos is the standard term.

E aí, manos! (to friends). Meus irmãos moram aqui (to anyone).

irmãos vs primos

Both are family members.

Primos are cousins; irmãos are siblings.

Meus primos são filhos dos meus tios.

irmãos vs colegas

Both can refer to peers.

Colegas are colleagues/acquaintances; irmãos implies a much deeper bond.

Ele é meu colega de trabalho, mas meu irmão de coração.

irmãos vs filhos

Both refer to children in a family.

Filhos refers to the relationship to parents; irmãos refers to the relationship between the children.

Os filhos da Maria são irmãos.

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

Eu tenho [number] irmãos.

Eu tenho três irmãos.

Meus irmãos são [adjective].

Meus irmãos são inteligentes.

Eu me dou bem com meus irmãos.

Apesar de serem irmãos, eles são [contrast].

Apesar de serem irmãos, eles são muito diferentes.

O vínculo entre os irmãos é [adjective].

O vínculo entre os irmãos é indissolúvel.

A relação entre irmãos transcende [concept].

A relação entre irmãos transcende a mera biologia.

Onde estão os seus irmãos?

Eles cresceram como irmãos.

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

فعل‌ها

صفت‌ها

مرتبط

نحوه استفاده

frequency

Extremely high. It is one of the top 500 most used nouns in Portuguese.

اشتباهات رایج

Eu tenho duas irmãs (referring to a brother and a sister). → Eu tenho dois irmãos.
The masculine plural must be used for mixed groups.
Meus irmões moram em Portugal. → Meus irmãos moram em Portugal.
The plural of irmão is irmãos, not irmões.
Eu amo meus parentes (meaning siblings). → Eu amo meus irmãos.
Parentes means relatives, not siblings.
Pronouncing 'irmãos' like 'ir-mows' (rhyming with 'cows'). → Pronouncing it with a nasal 'ão'.
Nasality is essential for being understood in Portuguese.
Using 'irmãos' to mean 'parents'. → Using 'pais' for parents.
Irmãos specifically refers to siblings.

نکات

Masculine Plural Rule

Always remember that one male in a group makes the whole group 'irmãos' grammatically. This is a key rule for all Portuguese nouns referring to people.

The Nasal Tilde

The tilde (~) is not just a decoration; it changes the sound completely. Practice your nasal vowels daily to sound more like a native.

Avoid False Friends

Don't say 'meus parentes' when you mean your brothers and sisters. Use 'irmãos' for siblings and 'pais' for parents.

Slang Usage

In Brazil, 'irmão' is a very friendly way to address a man. It's warmer than 'senhor' but more respectful than some other slangs.

Plural Exception

Remember that 'irmão' becomes 'irmãos', not 'irmões'. It's one of the few '-ão' words that simply adds an 's'.

Religious Context

If you are in a church, expect to be called 'irmão' or 'irmã'. It's a sign of community and respect.

Only Children

If you don't have 'irmãos', the correct term is 'filho único' (only son) or 'filha única' (only daughter).

Figurative Meaning

Use 'como um irmão' to describe a best friend. It's a very common and powerful compliment in Portuguese-speaking cultures.

Contextual Learning

Read Brazilian or Portuguese news about families to see how 'irmãos' is used in different social and legal contexts.

Song Lyrics

Listen to Brazilian music (MPB or Samba). You will hear 'irmão' used constantly to refer to friends and fellow citizens.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of 'Irmãos' as 'Ear-mous'. Imagine two brothers wearing giant mouse ears (Ear-mous) playing together.

تداعی تصویری

Visualize a family photo where the boys are in the front, but they represent all the siblings. The tilde (~) looks like a little wave of connection between them.

شبکه واژگان

família casa amor briga sangue gêmeos caçula pais

چالش

Try to list all your siblings (or friends who are like siblings) and say 'Meus irmãos são...' followed by an adjective for each.

ریشه کلمه

From the Latin 'germanus', which meant 'of the same germ or stock' (full brother).

معنای اصلی: Full brother (sharing both parents), as opposed to 'frater' which could be more general.

Romance (Indo-European).

بافت فرهنگی

While 'irmãos' is the standard plural, in very progressive or gender-conscious circles, some might say 'irmãos e irmãs' to be explicitly inclusive, though this is less common in everyday speech.

English speakers often struggle with the lack of a gender-neutral word like 'siblings' that isn't masculine-coded. It's important to accept 'irmãos' as the neutral default.

Irmãos Grimm (Grimm Brothers) Irmãos Marx (Marx Brothers) Irmãos Karamazov (The Brothers Karamazov)

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

Family Introduction

Estes são meus irmãos.
Eu sou o mais velho dos irmãos.
Meus irmãos não puderam vir.
Quantos irmãos você tem?

Religious Gathering

Bom dia, irmãos.
Oremos, irmãos.
Ajudem os irmãos necessitados.
Somos todos irmãos em Deus.

Legal/Inheritance

A herança foi dividida entre os irmãos.
Os irmãos são herdeiros diretos.
Disputa entre irmãos.
Contrato assinado pelos irmãos.

Close Friendships

Eles são como irmãos.
Crescemos como irmãos.
Amizade de irmãos.
Considero-os meus irmãos.

School/Childhood

Os irmãos estudam na mesma escola.
Brincadeira de irmãos.
Os irmãos dividem o lanche.
Eles são irmãos e melhores amigos.

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"Você tem muitos irmãos ou é filho único?"

"Como é a sua relação com os seus irmãos hoje em dia?"

"Você e seus irmãos são muito parecidos fisicamente?"

"Qual é a lembrança mais engraçada que você tem com seus irmãos?"

"Você acha que ser o irmão mais velho é mais difícil?"

موضوعات نگارش

Escreva sobre uma viagem especial que você fez ou gostaria de fazer com seus irmãos.

Descreva as personalidades diferentes de cada um dos seus irmãos.

Como a presença (ou ausência) de irmãos moldou quem você é hoje?

O que significa para você o conceito de 'irmãos de alma'?

Relate uma situação em que você e seus irmãos tiveram que se unir para resolver um problema.

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

No, in Portuguese, the masculine plural 'irmãos' is used for a group of brothers OR a mixed group of brothers and sisters. If you have one brother and ten sisters, you still refer to them collectively as 'meus irmãos'.

In that case, you must use the feminine plural: 'irmãs'. For example, 'Eu tenho duas irmãs'.

Yes, especially in Brazil. You can call a friend 'irmão' or 'meu irmão' to show closeness. In very informal settings, 'mano' is also used.

This is a common mistake for English speakers. 'Irmãos' means siblings (brothers/sisters). 'Parentes' means relatives (the whole extended family). 'Parents' in Portuguese is 'pais'.

It is a nasal sound. Try to say 'ow' while letting air go through your nose. It's similar to the end of the word 'coração' but with an 's' at the end.

Yes, you can. If you want to be specific, you can say 'meio-irmãos', but in general conversation, most people just say 'irmãos'.

Yes, the word is 'irmãos de consideração' or more formally 'filhos do padrasto/madrasta', but 'irmãos' is often used once the family is blended.

You say 'irmãos mais velhos'. For 'younger brothers', say 'irmãos mais novos'.

Yes, many family businesses include 'e Irmãos' in their name, like 'Silva & Irmãos', meaning 'Silva & Brothers'.

It means 'brothers in arms', referring to people who have fought together in a war or shared a very difficult struggle.