B1 Passive & Reported Speech 1 min read آسان

Passive Voice Suffixes (-in/-il)

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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use the -in or -il suffix to turn an active verb into a passive one where the object becomes the subject.

  • Add -il to verb stems ending in a consonant (except 'l'). Example: 'Yap-il-di' (It was done).
  • Add -in to verb stems ending in 'l' or a vowel. Example: 'Sil-in-di' (It was erased).
  • The subject of the sentence is the one receiving the action, not performing it.
Verb Stem + (-il/-in) + Tense/Person Suffix

Passive Voice Formation

Verb Stem Suffix Passive Stem Past Tense
Yap
ıl
Yapıl
Yapıldı
Sil
in
Silin
Silindi
Oku
n
Okun
Okundu
Gör
ül
Görül
Görüldü
Bul
un
Bulun
Bulundu
Sat
ıl
Satıl
Satıldı

Meanings

The passive voice is used when the focus is on the action itself or the object receiving the action, rather than the person performing it.

1

General Passive

Action performed on an object by an unknown or irrelevant agent.

“Kitap okundu.”

“Yemek yendi.”

Reference Table

Reference table for Passive Voice Suffixes (-in/-il)
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
Stem + Passive + Tense
Yapıldı
Negative
Stem + Passive + Neg + Tense
Yapılmadı
Question
Stem + Passive + Tense + MI
Yapıldı mı?
Neg Question
Stem + Passive + Neg + Tense + MI
Yapılmadı mı?
Continuous
Stem + Passive + iyor
Yapılıyor
Future
Stem + Passive + ecek
Yapılacak

طیف رسمیت

رسمی
Rapor yazılmıştır.

Rapor yazılmıştır. (Professional report)

خنثی
Rapor yazıldı.

Rapor yazıldı. (Professional report)

غیر رسمی
Raporu yazdılar.

Raporu yazdılar. (Professional report)

عامیانه
Raporu hallettiler.

Raporu hallettiler. (Professional report)

Passive Voice Logic

Passive Voice

Suffixes

  • -il Consonant
  • -in Vowel/L
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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

Yemek yapıldı.

The food was made.

2

Kapı açıldı.

The door was opened.

3

Kitap okundu.

The book was read.

4

Oda temizlendi.

The room was cleaned.

1

Ödevler bitirildi.

The homework was finished.

2

Mektup yazıldı.

The letter was written.

3

Pencere kapatılmadı.

The window was not closed.

4

Soru soruldu mu?

Was the question asked?

1

Bu bina 1990'da inşa edildi.

This building was constructed in 1990.

2

Kararlar toplantıda alındı.

The decisions were taken at the meeting.

3

Hata fark edilmedi.

The error was not noticed.

4

Proje kabul edildi mi?

Was the project accepted?

1

Yeni kurallar yönetmelikte belirtilmiştir.

The new rules are specified in the regulation.

2

Bu konu daha önce tartışılmıştı.

This topic had been discussed before.

3

Tüm önlemler alınmalıydı.

All precautions should have been taken.

4

Sonuçlar analiz ediliyor.

The results are being analyzed.

1

Olaylar, görgü tanıkları tarafından anlatıldı.

The events were recounted by eyewitnesses.

2

Bu eser, yüzyıllar boyunca korunmuştur.

This work has been preserved for centuries.

3

Söz konusu iddialar reddedildi.

The allegations in question were rejected.

4

Gerekli izinler alınmadan başlanmamalı.

It should not be started without obtaining the necessary permits.

1

Geleneksel yöntemler, modern tekniklerle harmanlanmıştır.

Traditional methods have been blended with modern techniques.

2

Bu durum, sosyolojik açıdan incelenmelidir.

This situation should be examined from a sociological perspective.

3

Karar, oy birliğiyle onaylanmış görünüyor.

The decision appears to have been approved unanimously.

4

Söz konusu metin, titizlikle gözden geçirilmiştir.

The text in question has been meticulously reviewed.

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

Passive Voice Suffixes (-in/-il) در مقابل Reflexive (-in)

Both use -in, but reflexive means doing it to oneself.

Passive Voice Suffixes (-in/-il) در مقابل Reciprocal (-iş)

Both change the verb stem.

Passive Voice Suffixes (-in/-il) در مقابل Causative (-dir/-t)

Both add suffixes to the stem.

اشتباهات رایج

✗

Yapdi

✓

Yapıldı

Missing passive suffix.
✗

Silidi

✓

Silindi

Wrong suffix choice.
✗

Oda temizledi

✓

Oda temizlendi

Active instead of passive.
✗

Kitap okudu

✓

Kitap okundu

Active instead of passive.
✗

Kapı açılmadı

✓

Kapı açılmadı

Correct, but ensure stem is correct.
✗

Yemek yedi

✓

Yemek yendi

Active vs passive.
✗

Soru sordu

✓

Soru soruldu

Active vs passive.
✗

Olaylar anlatıldı tarafından

✓

Olaylar anlatıldı

Overusing 'tarafından'.
✗

Karar alındı mı?

✓

Karar alındı mı?

Correct.
✗

Hata fark etti

✓

Hata fark edildi

Active vs passive.
✗

Bu bina inşa etti

✓

Bu bina inşa edildi

Active vs passive.
✗

Konu tartıştı

✓

Konu tartışıldı

Active vs passive.
✗

İzinler aldı

✓

İzinler alındı

Active vs passive.
✗

Metin gözden geçirdi

✓

Metin gözden geçirildi

Active vs passive.

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

___ ___ edildi.

___ ___ edilmedi.

___ ___ tarafından yapıldı.

___ ___ edilmeli.

Real World Usage

News Report constant

Olaylar inceleniyor.

Manuals very common

Düğmeye basılmalıdır.

Texting common

Yemek yendi mi?

Job Interview common

Proje başarıyla tamamlandı.

Food Delivery occasional

Siparişiniz hazırlandı.

Social Media common

Fotoğraflar paylaşıldı.

برای دیدن همه مثال‌ها رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید
💡

Check the stem

Always look at the last letter of the verb stem.
⚠️

Don't over-use

Too much passive makes you sound robotic.
🎯

Context is key

Passive vs reflexive depends on the sentence context.
💬

Politeness

Use passive to avoid direct blame.

Smart Tips

Add -il.

Yap → Yapıldı

Add -in.

Sil → Silindi

Use passive.

Müdür yaptı → Yapıldı

Use passive.

Sen yaptın → Yapıldı

تلفظ

yap-ıl-dı (a-ı)

Vowel Harmony

The suffix vowel must match the last vowel of the stem.

Statement

Kapı açıldı. ↘

Falling intonation for facts.

Question

Kapı açıldı mı? ↗

Rising intonation for questions.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of 'Passive' as 'Patient'—the subject is a patient waiting for the action to be done to them.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a messy room (active) suddenly being cleaned by invisible hands (passive). The room is the subject, and it is being 'cleaned'.

Rhyme

For consonant 'l' or vowel, use 'in', for others 'il' is the win.

Story

Ali broke the vase. (Active). The vase was broken by Ali. (Passive). Now, the vase is the star of the story.

شبکه واژگان

YapılmakSilinmekOkunmakGörülmekBulunmakSatılmak

چالش

Look around your room and describe 3 things using the passive voice, e.g., 'Lamba yakıldı' (The lamp was turned on).

نکات فرهنگی

Passive voice is preferred in formal settings to sound professional and objective.

Used in emails to avoid blaming colleagues.

Standard for research papers.

The passive voice in Turkish has evolved from ancient Turkic suffixes.

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

“

Bugün neler yapıldı?

“

Bu bina ne zaman inşa edildi?

“

Toplantıda hangi kararlar alındı?

“

Sence bu sorun nasıl çözülmeli?

موضوعات نگارش

Describe your morning routine using passive voice.
Write a short report about a project you finished.
Discuss a historical event using passive voice.
Write an academic summary of a book.

اشتباهات رایج

Incorrect

صحیح

Incorrect

صحیح

Incorrect

صحیح

Incorrect

صحیح

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Test Yourself

Fill in the blank.

Kapı ___ (aç-).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: açıldı
Passive past tense.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Kitap okudu.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Kitap okundu
Should be passive.
Choose the correct form. چند گزینه‌ای

Karar ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: alındı
Passive past.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

Arrange the words in the correct order:

All words placed

Click words above to build the sentence

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Rapor dün yazıldı
Correct word order.
Translate to Turkish. ترجمه

The room was cleaned.

Answer starts with: Oda...

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Oda temizlendi
Passive past.
Match the active to passive. جفت کردن

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Yapıldı
Passive form.
Fill in the blank.

Soru ___ mı?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: soruldu
Passive question.
Choose the correct form. چند گزینه‌ای

Hata ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: fark edildi
Passive past.

Score: /8

تمرین‌های عملی

8 exercises
Fill in the blank.

Kapı ___ (aç-).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: açıldı
Passive past tense.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Kitap okudu.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Kitap okundu
Should be passive.
Choose the correct form. چند گزینه‌ای

Karar ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: alındı
Passive past.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

yazıldı / rapor / dün

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Rapor dün yazıldı
Correct word order.
Translate to Turkish. ترجمه

The room was cleaned.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Oda temizlendi
Passive past.
Match the active to passive. جفت کردن

Yap -> ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Yapıldı
Passive form.
Fill in the blank.

Soru ___ mı?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: soruldu
Passive question.
Choose the correct form. چند گزینه‌ای

Hata ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: fark edildi
Passive past.

Score: /8

سوالات متداول (8)

It's a way to focus on the object of an action.

Use -il for consonants, -in for vowels and 'l'.

Yes, it's very common.

No, it's often more polite.

Check your vowel harmony.

Turkish uses suffixes, English uses 'be + past participle'.

Most follow the rules.

Practice with daily objects.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

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In Other Languages

Spanish moderate

Se + verb

Turkish uses suffixes, Spanish uses a pronoun.

French low

Être + past participle

Turkish is agglutinative.

German low

Werden + past participle

Turkish is agglutinative.

Japanese high

-reru/-rareru

Japanese suffixes are more complex.

Arabic low

Internal vowel change

Turkish adds suffixes to the end.

Chinese low

Bei + verb

Turkish is suffix-based.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Next
Passive Sentence Construction

Related Grammar Rules

B1

Agentive Passive (Tarafından)
B1

Passive in Different Tenses
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