A0 · نقطه صفر فصل 2

First Steps in Conversation

4 مجموع قواعد
30 مثال‌ها
1 دقیقه
قواعد این فصل تمرین سریع

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Unlock the door to Russian culture by mastering the essential art of the first impression.

  • Distinguish between formal and informal social settings.
  • Navigate the complex but crucial 'You' vs 'You' honorific system.
  • State your name and say goodbye with confidence and respect.
From a simple 'Hello' to a lasting connection.

چی یاد می‌گیری

Essential greetings and polite phrases for daily interaction. Focus on social etiquette and common survival expressions.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Greet both friends and strangers using the appropriate formal or informal terms.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Choose the correct pronoun (ты or вы) based on the age and status of the person you are addressing.
  3. 3
    By the end you will be able to: Introduce yourself using the standard 'Меня зовут' construction.
  4. 4
    By the end you will be able to: Exit a conversation politely using formal or informal farewells.

مثال‌های کلیدی (6)

1

Привет, как дела?

Hi, how are things?

سلام و احوالپرسی روسی: رسمی در مقابل غیررسمی (Привет vs Здравствуйте)
2

Здравствуйте, Иван Петрович.

Hello, Ivan Petrovich.

سلام و احوالپرسی روسی: رسمی در مقابل غیررسمی (Привет vs Здравствуйте)
3

Как тебя зовут?

What is your name? (informal)

خطاب محترمانه: تو در مقابل شما (ты vs. вы)
4

Как вас зовут?

What is your name? (formal)

خطاب محترمانه: تو در مقابل شما (ты vs. вы)
5

Привет! Меня зовут Катя.

Hi! My name is Katya.

معرفی خود (Меня зовут)
6

Я Макс, твой новый сосед.

I'm Max, your new neighbor.

معرفی خود (Меня зовут)

نکات و ترفندها (4)

💡

The Pronunciation Shortcut

If Здравствуйте is too hard, use Добрый день. It's polite, neutral, and much easier to say!
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: سلام و احوالپرسی روسی: رسمی در مقابل غیررسمی (Привет vs Здравствуйте)
🎯

The Safety First Rule

If you are 50/50 on which one to use, always pick вы. It's better to be too formal than to accidentally offend someone.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: خطاب محترمانه: تو در مقابل شما (ты vs. вы)
🎯

The 'Me' Logic

Remember that Меня is just a special version of 'I' (Я). You are saying 'As for me, they call me...'
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: معرفی خود (Меня зовут)
💡

Register Check

Always ask: is this person a friend or a stranger?
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Basic Farewell Phrases

واژگان کلیدی (7)

Привет Hi (informal) Здравствуйте Hello (formal/plural) Ты You (informal) Вы You (formal/plural) Меня зовут My name is (lit: They call me) Пока Bye (informal) До свидания Goodbye (formal)

Real-World Preview

briefcase

Meeting a New Colleague

Review Summary

  • Formal: Здравствуйте / Informal: Привет
  • Formal/Plural: Вы / Informal: Ты
  • Меня зовут + [Name]
  • Formal: До свидания / Informal: Пока

اشتباهات رایج

In Russian, you don't say 'I am called', but rather 'Me they call'. Using 'Я' (I) here is a direct translation from English that doesn't work.

Wrong: Я зовут Джон (Ya zovut John)
صحیح: Меня зовут Джон (Menya zovut John)

Never use 'Привет' with superiors or people you don't know well. It can come across as disrespectful or overly familiar.

Wrong: Привет, господин директор! (Privet, Mr. Director!)
صحیح: Здравствуйте, господин директор! (Zdravstvuyte, Mr. Director!)

The first 'в' (v) in 'Здравствуйте' is silent. Trying to pronounce it makes the word much harder to say than it needs to be.

Wrong: З-д-р-а-в-с-т-в-у-й-т-е (Pronouncing every letter)
صحیح: Здрав-ствуйте (Zdrav-stvuyte - skipping the first 'v')

Next Steps

You've just passed a major milestone. Being able to introduce yourself is the first real step toward fluency. Keep that momentum going!

Record yourself saying 'Здравствуйте' 5 times to master the silent 'v'.

Write down the names of 3 friends and 3 teachers, and label them with 'Ты' or 'Вы'.

Continue to: The World Around You — Naming Things

تمرین سریع (10)

Fill in the blank to say 'My name is...'

____ зовут Антон.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Меня
Меня зовут is the fixed phrase for 'My name is'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: معرفی خود (Меня зовут)

Fill in the blank.

___, до завтра!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ну
Ну is a common filler.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Basic Farewell Phrases

Fill in the blank for a morning greeting (8:00 AM).

___ утро!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Доброе
'Утро' is neuter, so the adjective must be 'Доброе'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: سلام و احوالپرسی روسی: رسمی در مقابل غیررسمی (Привет vs Здравствуйте)

Fix the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Пока, господин Иванов.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: До свидания, господин Иванов
Formal title requires formal goodbye.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Basic Farewell Phrases

Which is the most natural way to introduce yourself?

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Меня зовут Мария.
Меня зовут is the standard, natural expression. Я есть is incorrect in this context.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: معرفی خود (Меня зовут)

Fix the mistake in this informal goodbye to a friend.

Find and fix the mistake:

До свидания, мой друг!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Пока, мой друг!
'До свидания' is too formal for a friend; 'Пока' is the natural choice.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: سلام و احوالپرسی روسی: رسمی در مقابل غیررسمی (Привет vs Здравствуйте)

Fill in the blank with the correct pronoun.

Привет, Антон! Как ___?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ты
Since you are calling him by his first name (Anton) and saying 'Hi', 'ты' is the correct informal choice.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: خطاب محترمانه: تو در مقابل شما (ты vs. вы)

Find and fix the mistake in the formal sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Вы знаешь, где метро?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Вы знаете, где метро?
The pronoun 'вы' must be paired with the verb ending '-те'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: خطاب محترمانه: تو در مقابل شما (ты vs. вы)

You are entering a bank. How should you greet the teller?

Choose the most appropriate greeting:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Здравствуйте
You should use the formal 'Здравствуйте' with strangers in professional settings.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: سلام و احوالپرسی روسی: رسمی در مقابل غیررسمی (Привет vs Здравствуйте)

Which sentence is appropriate for a boss?

Choose the most respectful option:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Вы работаете завтра?
You should use 'вы' and the '-те' verb ending for a boss.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: خطاب محترمانه: تو در مقابل شما (ты vs. вы)

Score: /10

سوالات رایج (6)

Yes, with anyone you don't know well or who is older. It shows you have good manners and respect.
No, that would be considered disrespectful. Use 'До свидания' instead.
Ты is informal for friends and family. Вы is formal for strangers or plural for groups.
Only if they explicitly ask you to. Otherwise, stick to вы to show professional respect.
Меня is the accusative form of 'I'. The phrase literally means 'They call me,' so 'me' is the object being called.
Yes! It's very common on platforms like Discord or Telegram to say Меня зовут [Handle].
فصل قبلی
The Cyrillic Gateway
فصل بعدی
The World Around You — Naming Things
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