A2 Verb Tenses 1 min read آسان

Past Tense (-di)

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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

The -di suffix turns any verb into the past tense by attaching it directly to the verb stem.

  • Add -dim for 'I' (e.g., bordim - I went).
  • Add -ding for 'you' (e.g., bording - you went).
  • Add -di for 'he/she/it' (e.g., bordi - he went).
Verb Stem + (-di) + Personal Suffix = Past Tense

Past Tense Conjugation (Verb: Ishlamoq - to work)

Subject Affirmative Negative Question
Men
Ishladim
Ishlamadim
Ishladimmi?
Sen
Ishlading
Ishlamading
Ishladingmi?
U
Ishladi
Ishlamadi
Ishladimi?
Biz
Ishladik
Ishlamadik
Ishladikmi?
Siz
Ishladingiz
Ishlamadingiz
Ishladingizmi?
Ular
Ishladilar
Ishlamadilar
Ishladilarmi?

Meanings

The -di suffix indicates a completed action in the past. It is the standard way to narrate events that happened at a specific time.

1

Completed Action

Actions finished in the past.

“Men non yedim.”

“U kitob o'qidi.”

2

State of Being

Describing a past state or condition.

“Havo sovuq edi.”

“U yosh edi.”

Reference Table

Reference table for Past Tense (-di)
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
Stem + di + suffix
Bordim
Negative
Stem + ma + di + suffix
Bormadim
Question
Verb + mi
Bordimmi?
Short Answer (Yes)
Ha, [verb]
Ha, bordim
Short Answer (No)
Yo'q, [negative verb]
Yo'q, bormadim
Formal
Stem + dingiz
Bordingiz

طیف رسمیت

رسمی
Men do'konga bordim.

Men do'konga bordim. (Daily errand)

خنثی
Men do'konga bordim.

Men do'konga bordim. (Daily errand)

غیر رسمی
Do'konga bordim.

Do'konga bordim. (Daily errand)

عامیانه
Do'konga o'tdim.

Do'konga o'tdim. (Daily errand)

Past Tense Components

Past Tense (-di)

Suffixes

  • -dim I
  • -ding You
  • -di He/She

Negation

  • -ma Not

مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

Men suv ichdim.

I drank water.

2

U kitob o'qidi.

He read a book.

3

Biz keldik.

We came.

4

Siz ko'rdingiz.

You saw.

1

Kecha men ishlamadim.

I didn't work yesterday.

2

Ular kinoga borishdimi?

Did they go to the cinema?

3

O'qituvchi darsni tushuntirdi.

The teacher explained the lesson.

4

Biz kechki ovqatni yedik.

We ate dinner.

1

U uyga qaytganida, hamma uxlayotgan edi.

When he returned home, everyone was sleeping.

2

Men bu xatni o'tgan yili yozdim.

I wrote this letter last year.

3

Siz nima uchun kelmadingiz?

Why didn't you come?

4

Ular loyihani muvaffaqiyatli yakunladilar.

They successfully finished the project.

1

U o'z fikrini aniq ifodaladi.

He expressed his opinion clearly.

2

Biz vaziyatni tahlil qildik.

We analyzed the situation.

3

Ular qiyinchiliklarga qaramay harakat qildilar.

They acted despite the difficulties.

4

Men bu qarorni qabul qildim.

I made this decision.

1

U o'zining barcha imkoniyatlarini ishga soldi.

He utilized all his potential.

2

Tarixiy voqealar xalq xotirasida muhrlandi.

Historical events were sealed in the people's memory.

3

Ular o'zaro kelishuvga erishdilar.

They reached a mutual agreement.

4

Men bu asarni chuqur o'rgandim.

I studied this work deeply.

1

U o'z taqdirini o'zi belgiladi.

He determined his own destiny.

2

Bu kashfiyot fanda yangi davrni boshlab berdi.

This discovery initiated a new era in science.

3

Ular o'z an'analarini avloddan avlodga yetkazdilar.

They passed their traditions from generation to generation.

4

Men bu murakkab masalani hal etdim.

I solved this complex problem.

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

Past Tense (-di) در مقابل -di vs -gan

Both refer to the past, but -di is factual/definite, while -gan is experiential.

Past Tense (-di) در مقابل -di vs -yapti

Past vs Present Continuous.

Past Tense (-di) در مقابل -di vs -moqda

Past vs Formal Continuous.

اشتباهات رایج

✗

Men bordi

✓

Men bordim

Missing personal suffix.
✗

Men yedi

✓

Men yedim

Incorrect person agreement.
✗

Ular bordim

✓

Ular bordilar

Wrong plural suffix.
✗

Men bormadim

✓

Men bormadim (correct, but often confused with yo'q)

Using yo'q instead of -ma.
✗

Ular keldi

✓

Ular keldilar

Plural agreement needed.
✗

Siz keldin

✓

Siz keldingiz

Incorrect suffix.
✗

Biz yediklar

✓

Biz yedik

Double pluralization.
✗

Men borgan edim

✓

Men bordim

Using pluperfect for simple past.
✗

U keldi edi

✓

U keldi

Redundant auxiliary.
✗

Ular ishladilar edi

✓

Ular ishladilar

Unnecessary past marker.
✗

Ular kelgan

✓

Ular keldilar

Using perfect for definite past.
✗

Men aytgan edim

✓

Men aytdim

Over-complicating simple past.
✗

Ular borganlar

✓

Ular bordilar

Incorrect tense choice.

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

Men ___ qildim.

Siz ___ bordingizmi?

Biz ___ ko'rdik.

Ular ___ yakunladilar.

Real World Usage

Texting constant

Bugun nima qilding?

Job Interview very common

Men oldingi ishimda loyihani boshqardim.

Social Media common

Bugun ajoyib kun o'tkazdim!

Travel common

Men aeroportga bordim.

Food Delivery occasional

Men ovqatni buyurtma qildim.

Academic Writing very common

Tadqiqot natijalari shuni ko'rsatdi.

💡

Focus on the stem

Always find the stem first. Remove -moq and you are halfway there.
⚠️

Don't forget the person

The suffix -di is just for the third person. Don't forget -dim, -ding, etc.
🎯

Use it for everything

If you are unsure about the tense, -di is the safest bet for past actions.
💬

Respect the formal

Always use -dingiz when talking to someone you don't know well.

Smart Tips

Always default to -di for completed actions.

Men borganman (if you mean yesterday) → Men bordim (if you mean yesterday)

Remember to use -dilar for 'they'.

Ular keldi → Ular keldilar

Always put the question particle 'mi' at the very end.

Siz mi bordingiz? → Siz bordingizmi?

The negative marker -ma always comes before the past marker.

Men bordim yo'q → Men bormadim

تلفظ

bor-dim, kel-dim

Vowel Harmony

The suffix '-di' is stable, but personal endings may shift slightly based on the stem's final vowel.

Statement

Men bordim ↘

Falling intonation for facts.

Question

Bordingizmi? ↗

Rising intonation for questions.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of 'DI' as 'Did I'. If you 'Did' it, add 'DI'.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a 'DI' stamp on a completed document. Every time you finish a task, you stamp it with 'DI'.

Rhyme

For actions done, the past is clear, add -di to the stem, it's here!

Story

Yesterday, I woke up (uyg'ondim). I ate breakfast (yedim). I went to work (ishga bordim). I finished my tasks (tugatdim).

شبکه واژگان

bordimyedimo'qidimyozdimkeldimko'rdim

چالش

Write 5 sentences about what you did this morning using the -di suffix.

نکات فرهنگی

Using the formal 'siz' (you) with the -dingiz suffix is crucial when speaking to elders or strangers.

The -di suffix is a common Turkic past tense marker derived from Proto-Turkic.

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

“

Kecha nima qildingiz?

“

Oxirgi marta qachon kinoga bordingiz?

“

Bolaligingizda nima bilan shug'ullangan edingiz?

“

Sizningcha, o'tgan yili eng muhim voqea nima edi?

موضوعات نگارش

Write about your morning routine yesterday.
Describe a trip you took last year.
Reflect on a challenge you overcame.
Discuss a historical event and its impact.

اشتباهات رایج

Incorrect

صحیح

Incorrect

صحیح

Incorrect

صحیح

Incorrect

صحیح

Test Yourself

Fill in the blank.

Men kecha kinoga ___ (bor).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: bordim
First person past tense.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Ular kecha keldi.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ular kecha keldilar
Plural agreement.
Choose the correct form. چند گزینه‌ای

Siz nima ___?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: qildingiz
Formal second person.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

Arrange the words in the correct order:

All words placed

Click words above to build the sentence

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Men kecha kitob o'qidim
SOV word order.
Translate to Uzbek. ترجمه

I did not eat.

Answer starts with: Men...

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Men yemadim
Negative past tense.
Conjugate for 'Biz'. Conjugation Drill

Ishlamoq

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ishladik
First person plural.
Match the subject to the suffix. جفت کردن

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: -dim
First person singular.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

Ular + uy + qaytmoq

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ular uyga qaytdilar
Plural subject agreement.

Score: /8

تمرین‌های عملی

8 exercises
Fill in the blank.

Men kecha kinoga ___ (bor).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: bordim
First person past tense.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Ular kecha keldi.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ular kecha keldilar
Plural agreement.
Choose the correct form. چند گزینه‌ای

Siz nima ___?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: qildingiz
Formal second person.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

kitob / o'qidim / men / kecha

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Men kecha kitob o'qidim
SOV word order.
Translate to Uzbek. ترجمه

I did not eat.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Men yemadim
Negative past tense.
Conjugate for 'Biz'. Conjugation Drill

Ishlamoq

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ishladik
First person plural.
Match the subject to the suffix. جفت کردن

Men -> ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: -dim
First person singular.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

Ular + uy + qaytmoq

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ular uyga qaytdilar
Plural subject agreement.

Score: /8

سوالات متداول (8)

Yes, it is a regular suffix for all verbs.

Add -ma before the -di suffix.

No, -di is strictly for the past.

The suffix remains -di, but be careful with personal endings.

It is neutral and used in all contexts.

That is the third-person plural suffix.

No, -gan is for experience, -di is for facts.

Forgetting the personal suffix.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish moderate

Pretérito indefinido

Uzbek is agglutinative, Spanish is fusional.

French low

Passé composé

Uzbek does not use auxiliary verbs for simple past.

German moderate

Präteritum

Uzbek is more regular than German.

Japanese high

Ta-form

Japanese has more complex sound changes.

Arabic moderate

Past tense (Fi'l al-Madi)

Arabic uses root-and-pattern morphology.

Chinese low

Le particle

Uzbek conjugates the verb; Chinese does not.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Related Grammar Rules

A1

Present Simple (-a/-y/-di)
A2

Future Tense (-ajak/-moqchi)
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