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B1 verb #2,500 پرکاربردترین 9 دقیقه مطالعه

预订

yuding
تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 预订 در ۳۰ ثانیه
توضیح 预订 in your Level:
At the A1 level, '预订' (yùdìng) is a 'survival' word. You don't need to know all the complex grammar, but you must know how to use it to get what you need. Think of it as the 'booking' button. When you travel to China, you will see this word on apps and websites. For A1 learners, the most important thing is to pair it with '房间' (room) or '票' (ticket). You can say: '我要预订' (I want to book). It is a simple way to express your needs. You might also hear a waiter ask '预订了吗?' (Did you book?). If you hear this, they are asking if you have a reservation. At this level, just focus on the 'action' of booking. Don't worry about the difference between '预订' and '预定' yet. Just remember that '预' means 'before' and '订' is like 'order.' It's a very useful word for basic travel. You will use it at the airport, at the hotel, and at the restaurant. It's one of the first 'big' verbs you learn that makes you feel like a real traveler. Practice saying '我要预订一个房间' (I want to book a room) until it feels natural. This simple sentence will save you a lot of trouble in China!
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At the A2 level, you should start using '预订' with more detail. Instead of just saying 'I want to book,' you can add information about *when* and *how many*. For example, '我想预订明天的桌子' (I want to book a table for tomorrow). You are now moving from simple needs to specific requests. You should also learn the word '提前' (tíqián), which means 'in advance.' A common A2 sentence is '我提前预订了机票' (I booked the plane ticket in advance). This shows you understand the sequence of events. You might also encounter the negative form: '没有预订' (didn't book). If you go to a busy restaurant without a reservation, you might have to say '我没有预订，有位子吗?' (I don't have a reservation, is there a seat?). This level is about building confidence in basic social transactions. You should also recognize the word in text, like on a 'Reserved' sign on a table. Learning '预订' at A2 helps you handle the logistics of a short trip to a Chinese-speaking city. It's about being proactive and using the language to manage your schedule.
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At the B1 level, you are expected to use '预订' fluently in various contexts, especially for the IELTS General Training or HSK 3/4. You should understand that '预订' is a formal verb used for services and goods. You can now use it in letters or emails. For example, '我写信是想预订一间双人房' (I am writing to book a double room). You should also be able to handle problems related to bookings. If a hotel loses your reservation, you can say '我上周已经预订了，这是我的确认单' (I already booked last week, here is my confirmation). This level requires you to distinguish between '预订' (booking a service) and '预约' (making an appointment with a person). You should also start using collocations like '预订服务' (booking service) or '在线预订' (online booking). You are no longer just surviving; you are communicating effectively. You understand that '预订' involves a commitment, often involving a deposit or a record. You can discuss travel plans with friends and explain why it's important to book early during the 'Golden Week' holidays. Your vocabulary is becoming more organized and precise.
At the B2 level, you should have a firm grasp of the nuance between '预订' and '预定'. You understand that '预订' is for tangible orders (rooms, tickets, goods) while '预定' is for abstract plans or schedules. You can use these words correctly in professional reports or formal essays. For example, '由于需求增加，建议客户提前预订' (Due to increased demand, customers are advised to book in advance). You also understand the passive voice: '该项服务已被预订一空' (This service has been fully booked). At this level, you can discuss the economic implications of '预订量' (booking volume) in the tourism industry. You might use the word in a business context, such as '预订货款' (pre-payment for goods). Your ability to use '预订' in complex sentences with multiple clauses shows your advanced proficiency. You can also use it metaphorically or in more specialized fields like supply chain management. You are comfortable using synonyms like '订购' or '预约' depending on the exact context, showing a sophisticated level of lexical resource.
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At the C1 level, your use of '预订' is near-native. You recognize it in high-level literature, legal contracts, and academic papers. You understand the subtle cultural implications of '预订' in Chinese society, such as the 'reservation culture' in top-tier cities. You can use the word in complex grammatical structures, such as '预订之初' (at the beginning of the booking) or '预订协议' (booking agreement). You are also aware of the historical evolution of the characters and how the 'speech' radical in '订' signifies the formalization of an agreement. In a professional setting, you can lead a discussion about '预订系统' (reservation systems) or '预订策略' (booking strategies) for a company. You can detect subtle errors in others' usage and explain why '预订' is the better choice in a specific legal or commercial context. Your vocabulary is not just about meaning, but about 'register'—knowing when to use '预订' versus more casual or more formal alternatives. You can write detailed reviews or critiques of booking processes, using the word with precision and flair.
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At the C2 level, '预订' is a tool you use with total mastery. You can appreciate the word's use in puns, wordplay, or high-level rhetoric. You might encounter it in philosophical discussions about 'predetermination' (though usually as '预定') and contrast it with the commercial '预订'. You can analyze the linguistic shift in how '预订' is used in the era of AI and big data, such as '智能预订' (intelligent booking). Your understanding extends to the most obscure collocations and regional variations in usage across the Sinophone world. You can write a thesis or a high-level business proposal that incorporates '预订' within a complex web of economic and social terminology. For you, the word is no longer a vocabulary item to be learned, but a precise instrument for expressing exact shades of meaning in any professional, academic, or creative context. You can navigate the most complex 'Terms and Conditions' of a booking contract with ease, identifying the rights and obligations associated with the '预订' act.
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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

预订 در ۳۰ ثانیه

  • 预订 (yùdìng) is a B1-level verb essential for booking travel services, restaurant tables, and tickets in advance.
  • It combines '预' (advance) and '订' (order), focusing on commercial transactions and service reservations.
  • Crucially, it differs from '预约' (appointments with people) and '预定' (scheduling plans or times).
  • Commonly used in digital apps and formal letters, it is a key word for HSK and IELTS candidates.

The Chinese verb 预订 (yùdìng) is a quintessential term in modern Mandarin, particularly within the realms of hospitality, travel, and commerce. At its core, it signifies the act of arranging for a service or a physical item to be reserved for future use. The character 预 (yù) means 'in advance' or 'beforehand,' while 订 (dìng) means 'to conclude,' 'to agree upon,' or 'to order.' Together, they form a semantic bridge representing a proactive commitment to a future transaction. This is not merely a casual intent but often involves a formal record or a deposit. In the context of the CEFR B1 level, mastering this word is crucial for navigating daily life in a Chinese-speaking environment, from booking a table at a popular Sichuan restaurant to securing a high-speed rail ticket during the Spring Festival rush. It reflects a level of linguistic competence where the speaker can manage logistical arrangements independently.

Semantic Breakdown
The prefix '预' implies foresight, suggesting that the action happens before the actual consumption of the service. The root '订' implies a binding or semi-binding agreement.
Pragmatic Use
It is used primarily for tangible services like rooms, seats, tickets, and specific goods that are not yet in stock but are promised for the future.

“我想预订一张去上海的机票。” (I would like to book a flight ticket to Shanghai.)

— Common travel request

Understanding the nuance of 预订 requires looking at the social fabric of China. In a high-density society, the ability to 'reserve' is a mark of planning and social etiquette. It ensures that resources are allocated efficiently. For an IELTS candidate, this word is a 'power verb' for the General Training Writing Task 1, where letters of complaint or inquiry often revolve around bookings. It also appears frequently in Listening Section 1, where a clerk and a customer exchange details about a reservation. The word carries a sense of formality that '要' (want) or '买' (buy) lacks, as it specifically addresses the temporal gap between the decision and the utilization.

“这家餐厅太火了，你必须提前一周预订。” (This restaurant is too popular; you must book one week in advance.)

Grammatical Structure
Subject + [Time/Manner] + 预订 + Object (e.g., 我 提前 预订 酒店).

Furthermore, the word is often confused with its homophone 预定. While they sound identical, 预订 (with the 'speech' radical 讠) is for 'ordering' things, whereas 预定 (with the 'settle' component 定) is for 'scheduling' or 'fixing' a plan. For example, you '预订' a hotel, but you '预定' a meeting time. This distinction is a hallmark of B2/C1 proficiency, but recognizing the 'speech' radical in the context of 'ordering' helps B1 learners remember its primary function in commerce.

Using 预订 (yùdìng) correctly involves understanding its transitive nature and the specific categories of objects it governs. It is most frequently followed by nouns representing services or limited resources. Common objects include 房间 (fángjiān - room), 座位 (zuòwèi - seat), 门票 (ménpiào - entrance ticket), and 机票 (jīpiào - flight ticket). The syntax is straightforward: Subject + 预订 + Object. However, to sound more natural, learners should incorporate duration and quantity.

Structure: [Subject] + [Time] + 预订了 + [Quantity] + [Object]

Example: 我昨天预订了两张电影票。 (I booked two movie tickets yesterday.)

In formal writing, such as business emails or IELTS letters, 预订 is often paired with adverbs of time like 提前 (tíqián - in advance). For instance, '建议提前预订' (It is suggested to book in advance). When the booking is cancelled, the verb 取消 (qǔxiāo) is used. The process of 'confirming' a booking is 确认 (quèrèn). Understanding this lexical set allows a B1 learner to handle a full transaction cycle.

Passive Voice
In formal announcements, you might see '已被预订' (Already booked/reserved). For example: '这张桌子已被预订' (This table has been reserved).
As a Noun
While primarily a verb, it can function as a noun in phrases like '取消预订' (cancel the reservation) or '预订确认信' (booking confirmation letter).

For advanced usage, consider the context of 'Pre-ordering' goods that haven't been released yet, like a new iPhone or a limited edition book. In these cases, 预订 is used to indicate a pre-sale commitment. This is very common in e-commerce platforms like Taobao or JD.com. The phrase 预订款 (yùdìng kuǎn) refers to the deposit or the specific pre-order model. By integrating these collocations, your Chinese will transition from textbook-stiff to authentically functional.

You will encounter 预订 (yùdìng) in several distinct environments, each with its own set of expectations. The most common is the Travel and Tourism sector. Whether you are at a train station window, a hotel reception desk, or browsing an app like Ctrip (携程), this word is the primary verb for securing your spot. In a hotel, the receptionist might ask: “您有预订吗？” (Do you have a reservation?). This is a standard opening line that every traveler should recognize.

“对不起，今晚的包间已经全部被预订了。”

— Common phrase in high-end restaurants

Another frequent setting is Digital Platforms and Apps. In the modern Chinese 'app-economy,' buttons labeled '立即预订' (Book Now) are ubiquitous. From booking a massage on Meituan to reserving a shared tennis court on a mini-program, the visual recognition of these two characters is essential for digital literacy in China. You will also hear it in Professional Environments. When planning a corporate event, a secretary might say: “我已经预订了会议室。” (I have already booked the meeting room.).

Public Announcements
On trains or buses, announcements might mention '预订车票' regarding future travel or holiday schedules.
Customer Service Hotlines
Automated menus often say: '酒店预订请按1' (For hotel reservations, press 1).

In literature or news, the word might appear in discussions about economic trends, such as '预订量上升' (The volume of bookings is rising), which is often used as an indicator of a recovering tourism industry. By paying attention to these contexts, you can see how 预订 moves from a simple action to a data point in broader societal discussions.

The most frequent pitfall for learners is the confusion between 预订 (yùdìng) and 预定 (yùdìng). Because they share the same pinyin and a similar core meaning of 'doing something in advance,' even native speakers occasionally swap them in casual typing. However, the distinction is vital for formal writing and exams like the HSK or IELTS. 预订 (with 讠) is specifically for 'ordering' or 'booking' services/goods. Think of the radical '讠' (speech) as representing the verbal or written contract of an order. 预定 (with no radical on the second char) is for 'scheduling' or 'predetermining' a time, a plan, or a goal.

❌ 错误: 预定房间 (Yùdìng fángjiān) - while understood, it's technically less accurate than 预订.

✅ 正确: 预订房间 (Yùdìng fángjiān) - Correct for booking a room.

Another common error is using 预订 when 预约 (yùyuē) is required. 预订 is for 'things' and 'services,' while 预约 is for 'appointments' with people. You don't '预订' a doctor; you '预约' a doctor. If you say '我预订了医生,' it sounds like you are trying to purchase the doctor rather than schedule a consultation. Similarly, for a job interview, use '预约面试.'

Misuse of Particles
Learners often forget the aspect particle '了' (le) when the booking is already completed. '我预订房间' sounds like a general statement; '我预订了房间' means you have actually done it.
Overcomplicating
Sometimes learners use '订购' (dìnggòu) for simple hotel bookings. '订购' is more for bulk purchasing or commercial orders. Stick to '预订' for travel and dining.

Finally, watch out for the word order. In English, we say 'I booked a table for 7 PM.' In Chinese, the time usually comes before the verb: '我七点预订了一张桌子.' Placing the time at the end of the sentence is a common 'Chinglish' mistake that disrupts the natural flow of the language.

To truly master 预订 (yùdìng), one must understand its position within a cluster of related terms. Each word in this family has a specific nuance that dictates its usage. The most common relatives are 预约, 预定, 订购, and 预留. Distinguishing these is a key step toward B2 proficiency.

预约 (yùyuē)
Focuses on an 'appointment' or 'engagement' with a person. Used for doctors, lawyers, or meeting friends. It emphasizes the mutual agreement to meet at a certain time.
预定 (yùdìng)
Focuses on 'deciding' or 'scheduling' something in advance. For example, '预定计划' (to fix a plan) or '预定时间' (to set a time). It is about the decision rather than the commercial transaction.
订购 (dìnggòu)
Specifically refers to 'ordering and purchasing' goods. It is more commercial and often implies buying products, especially in bulk or from a supplier. You '订购' 500 laptops for an office, but you '预订' a hotel room.
预留 (yùliú)
Means 'to set aside' or 'to reserve.' This is often what the *provider* does. '我们为您预留了座位' (We have reserved/set aside a seat for you). It emphasizes the act of keeping something available.

Comparison:
1. 预订酒店 (Book a hotel - Transactional)
2. 预约医生 (Make a doctor's appointment - Personal)
3. 预定目标 (Set a goal - Abstract/Planning)

Another word often seen in high-end contexts is 定做 (dìngzuò), which means 'to have something custom-made.' While it shares the '订' (order) concept, it is specific to tailoring or manufacturing. For example, '定做西装' (to have a suit custom-made). Understanding these differences prevents the 'one-word-fits-all' approach that many intermediate learners struggle with. By choosing the precise word, you demonstrate a deeper understanding of Chinese social and commercial logic.

چقدر رسمی است؟

سطح دشواری

گرامر لازم

Aspect particle '了' for completed actions.

Time-when placement (before the verb).

Potential complements (e.g., 订得到, 订不到).

Passive voice with '被'.

Preposition '为' (for someone).

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

我想预订一个房间。

I want to book a room.

Subject + 预订 + Object

2

你要预订机票吗？

Do you want to book a plane ticket?

Question with 吗

3

我预订了桌子。

I booked a table.

Use of '了' for completed action

4

请预订两张票。

Please book two tickets.

Imperative sentence

5

他在网上预订。

He is booking online.

Place + 预订

6

这里可以预订吗？

Can I book here?

Can (可以) + 预订

7

预订多少钱？

How much is the booking?

Asking for price

8

我没有预订。

I don't have a booking.

Negative form with 没有

1

我提前三天预订了酒店。

I booked the hotel three days in advance.

Time duration + 预订

2

你可以通过手机预订门票。

You can book tickets via mobile phone.

Through (通过) + Method

3

我们需要预订晚上的位子。

We need to book a seat for tonight.

Need (需要) + 预订

4

他帮我预订了去北京的火车票。

He helped me book the train ticket to Beijing.

Help (帮) + someone + 预订

5

这家餐厅必须预订。

This restaurant must be booked.

Must (必须) + 预订

6

我想取消我的预订。

I want to cancel my reservation.

Cancel (取消) + 预订

7

预订已经满了。

The bookings are already full.

Full (满) as a result

8

请确认您的预订信息。

Please confirm your booking information.

Confirm (确认) + Information

1

如果您想参加这个旅游团，请尽早预订。

If you want to join this tour group, please book as soon as possible.

If... please... (如果...请...)

2

我在携程上预订了一间大床房。

I booked a king-size room on Ctrip.

Specific platform + 预订

3

为了避免麻烦，建议您提前在线预订。

To avoid trouble, it is suggested that you book online in advance.

In order to (为了) + avoid trouble

4

由于是旅游旺季，酒店很难预订。

Since it's the peak tourist season, hotels are hard to book.

Hard to (很难) + 预订

5

我已经预订了下周五的会议室。

I have already booked the meeting room for next Friday.

Already (已经) + 预订

6

请问预订时需要支付押金吗？

May I ask if a deposit is required when booking?

When (时) + need + deposit

7

我收到了一封预订确认的电子邮件。

I received a booking confirmation email.

Receive (收到) + Noun phrase

8

你可以预订这种限量版的书吗？

Can you pre-order this limited edition book?

Pre-order context

1

该网站提供一站式的酒店和机票预订服务。

The website provides one-stop hotel and flight booking services.

Provide (提供) + Service

2

预订成功后，您将收到一条短信通知。

After the booking is successful, you will receive a text message notification.

After (后) + result

3

我们公司通常会为出差的员工预订商务舱。

Our company usually books business class for employees on business trips.

For (为) + someone + 预订

4

如果你不提前预订，可能就买不到票了。

If you don't book in advance, you might not be able to buy the tickets.

Potential complement (买不到)

5

所有的包间都已经被预订一空了。

All the private rooms have already been fully booked.

Passive voice + 一空 (completely)

6

预订政策规定，取消预订需提前24小时。

The booking policy stipulates that cancellations must be made 24 hours in advance.

Policy stipulates (规定)

7

你可以通过拨打我们的热线电话来预订。

You can book by calling our hotline.

By (通过) + doing something

8

这款新手机的预订量已经超过了十万台。

The pre-order volume for this new phone has exceeded 100,000 units.

Exceed (超过) + Number

1

在资源稀缺的情况下，预订机制显得尤为重要。

In cases of resource scarcity, the booking mechanism becomes particularly important.

In the case of (在...情况下)

2

由于系统故障，部分客户的预订信息丢失了。

Due to a system failure, some customers' booking information was lost.

Due to (由于) + Cause

3

该酒店的预订系统需要进行全面的技术升级。

The hotel's booking system needs a comprehensive technical upgrade.

Comprehensive (全面) + Upgrade

4

预订不仅是一种商业行为，更是一种社会契约。

Booking is not only a commercial act but also a social contract.

Not only... but also... (不仅...更...)

5

他在预订之初就明确要求了无烟房。

He explicitly requested a non-smoking room at the beginning of the booking.

At the beginning of (在...之初)

6

通过大数据分析，我们可以预测未来的预订趋势。

Through big data analysis, we can predict future booking trends.

Predict (预测) + Trends

7

预订协议中的免责条款需要仔细阅读。

The disclaimer clauses in the booking agreement need to be read carefully.

Disclaimer clauses (免责条款)

8

为了确保活动的顺利进行，请务必确认预订详情。

To ensure the smooth running of the event, please be sure to confirm the booking details.

Be sure to (务必)

1

预订行为的激增反映了消费者信心的显著回升。

The surge in booking behavior reflects a significant rebound in consumer confidence.

Reflect (反映) + Rebound

2

在法律层面，预订确认函具有法律约束力。

At the legal level, the booking confirmation letter is legally binding.

Legally binding (具有法律约束力)

3

通过优化预订流程，企业可以显著提高客户满意度。

By optimizing the booking process, companies can significantly improve customer satisfaction.

Optimize (优化) + Process

4

预订量的波动往往受宏观经济因素的影响。

Fluctuations in booking volume are often influenced by macroeconomic factors.

Fluctuation (波动) + Influenced by

5

该平台通过差异化的预订策略吸引了大量高端客户。

The platform attracted a large number of high-end customers through differentiated booking strategies.

Differentiated (差异化) + Strategy

6

预订系统与库存管理系统的实时同步至关重要。

Real-time synchronization between the booking system and the inventory management system is crucial.

Real-time synchronization (实时同步)

7

在数字化转型的浪潮中，传统的预订方式正面临挑战。

In the wave of digital transformation, traditional booking methods are facing challenges.

Wave of transformation (转型的浪潮)

8

预订不仅是需求的表达，更是对资源分配的参与。

Booking is not just an expression of demand, but an involvement in resource allocation.

Resource allocation (资源分配)

مترادف‌ها

预定 预约 订购 定下 包下

متضادها

取消 退订

ترکیب‌های رایج

预订酒店
预订机票
预订门票
在线预订
提前预订
预订确认
取消预订
预订服务
预订成功
预订系统

عبارات رایج

预订一空
接受预订
无需预订
预订电话
预订信息
预订中心
预订平台
预订协议
预订费
预订流程

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

预订 vs 预定

Used for scheduling plans/times, not ordering services.

预订 vs 预约

Used for appointments with people (doctors, etc.).

预订 vs 订购

Used for purchasing goods, often in bulk.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"一票难求 (yí piào nán qiú - hard to get a ticket, often used with 预订)"
"先到先得 (xiān dào xiān dé - first come first served, if you don't 预订)"
"虚位以待 (xū wèi yǐ dài - to leave a seat vacant for someone, the result of 预订)"
"供不应求 (gōng bù yìng qiú - supply falls short of demand, making 预订 necessary)"
"名额有限 (míng é yǒu xiàn - limited spots, encouraging 预订)"
"提前布局 (tí qián bù jú - plan ahead, similar logic to 预订)"
"万无一失 (wàn wú yì shī - no risk of failure, why we 预订)"
"有备无患 (yǒu bèi wú huàn - preparedness ensures no trouble)"
"未雨绸缪 (wèi yǔ chóu móu - prepare for a rainy day/plan ahead)"
"当机立断 (dāng jī lì duàn - make a prompt decision, e.g., to 预订)"

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

预订 vs

预订 vs

预订 vs

预订 vs

预订 vs

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

خانواده کلمه

مرتبط

订阅 (subscribe)
订正 (correct)
订单 (order form)
签订 (sign a contract)
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نحوه استفاده

App usage

Often seen as a button '立即预订'.

Cancellation

Usually paired with 取消 (qǔxiāo).

Homophone Alert

Sounds exactly like 预定 (to schedule).

اشتباهات رایج
  • Using 预定 for hotel rooms.
  • Using 预订 for meeting a friend.
  • Putting the object before the verb in simple sentences.
  • Forgetting the 4th tone on 'ding'.
  • Using '买' (buy) when '预订' (reserve) is more appropriate for future services.

نکات

Time Placement

Always put the time before '预订'. For example: '我明天预订' not '我预订明天'.

Radical Memory

The 'speech' radical in 订 reminds you that you have to 'speak' to make an order.

Holidays

During Chinese New Year, '预订' is the most important word for travelers.

Politeness

Using '预订' shows you are a polite and organized guest.

HSK/IELTS

This is a high-frequency word for travel-themed questions.

App Buttons

Look for the characters 预订 on blue or orange buttons in Chinese apps.

Tone Accuracy

Don't let the tones slide; keep them both sharp and falling.

Email Subject

Use '预订确认' as a subject line for booking emails.

Context Clues

If you hear '房间' or '票', the verb is almost certainly '预订'.

Business Trips

Use '预订' when discussing corporate travel arrangements.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Yu (You) Ding (Order) in advance!

ریشه کلمه

بافت فرهنگی

In big cities, popular restaurants are often '预订一空' weeks in advance.

Hotel staff will always ask '您有预订吗?'

Booking tickets 30 days in advance is a survival skill.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"你预订了去上海的票吗？"

"这家餐厅需要提前预订吗？"

"我想预订一个靠窗的位子。"

"你的预订确认信收到了吗？"

"我们什么时候预订酒店比较好？"

موضوعات نگارش

描述一次你忘记预订餐厅的经历。

如果你要去旅游，你会提前多久预订机票？为什么？

写一封邮件预订一间你梦想中的酒店房间。

讨论在线预订系统给生活带来的便利。

比较‘预订’和‘现买’的优缺点。

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

预订 is for booking services/goods (rooms, tickets). 预定 is for scheduling plans or times.

No, use 预约 (yùyuē) for people.

Use '取消预订' (qǔxiāo yùdìng).

Yes, it is the standard formal term for reservations.

Yes, as in '我的预订' (my reservation).

The 'speech' radical (讠), meaning to talk or agree.

Use '了' if the booking is already completed.

Use '提前预订' (tíqián yùdìng).

预订一空 (yùdìng yì kōng) or 订满了 (dìng mǎn le).

Yes, it's the most common word on travel and food apps.

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خودت رو بسنج 180 سوال

/ 180 درست

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